B GIO DC V O TO

TRNG I HC NNG LM THNH PH H CH MINH

KHA LUN TT NGHIP

THANH LC TNH CHNG CHU MN CA MT S

GING LA CAO SN NGN NGY TI VIN LA
NG BNG SNG CU LONG

H v tn sinh vin: DNG KIM LIN

Ngnh: NNG HC
Nin kho: 2007 2011

Thng 8/2011

THANH LC TNH CHNG CHU MN CA MT S GING LA CAO

SN NGN NGY TI VIN LA NG BNG SNG CU LONG

Tc gi

DNG KIM LIN

Kha lun c trnh p ng yu cu cp bng K s

Ngnh NNG HC

Ging vin hng dn:

TS. HONG KIM
TS. PHM TRUNG NGHA

Thng 8 nm 2011

ii

LI CM N
Qua bn thng hc tp, lm vic v nghin cu ti Vin la ng bng Sng Cu
Long, ti n lc hc tp v lm vic nghim tc hon thnh kha lun tt nghip
mt cch thnh cng. Ti xin gi li cm n chn thnh n:
-

Ban Gim hiu Trng i Hc Nng Lm Thnh Ph H Ch Minh

Ban Ch nhim Khoa Nng Hc

B mn Cy Lng thc Rau Hoa Qu

B mn Cng ngh sinh hc, Vin la ng bng Sng Cu Long

Ti xin gi li cm n n qu thy c trong Khoa Nng Hc tn tnh ch

dy nhng kin thc trong sut thi gian theo hc ti trng

c bit xin cm n thy Hong Kim, thy Phm Trung Ngha tn tnh
ch dy v hng dn trong sut thi gian thc hin kha lun

Cm n gia nh, ngi thn, bn b gip v ng h trong sut thi

gian hc tp v thc hin kha lun.
Xin chn thnh cm

Th c, thng 8 nm 2011
Sinh vin

Dng Kim Lin

iii

TM TT
Dng Kim Lin, 2011. Thanh lc tnh chng chu mn ca mt s ging la cao
sn ngn ngy ti Vin la ng bng sng Cu Long. Ging vin hng dn: TS.
Hong Kim v TS. Phm Trung Ngha.
ti c thc hin t thng 01 nm 2011 n thng 04 nm 2011, ti Vin La
ng Bng Sng Cu Long, Mn - Cn Th. Nhm xc nh tnh chng chu mn ca
mt s ging la cao sn ngn ngy tuyn chn ging la thun chng chu mn cho
canh tc cc vng nhim mn ng bng sng Cu Long.
Ni dung ti: 1) Th nghim 1a: Trng cy trong dung dch Yoshida (IRRI,
1997): B tr th nghim theo kiu hon ton ngu nhin, hai ln lp li trn cc khay
nha c dng hnh ch nht, kch thc khong 14 x 30 x 35 cm. Vi ba mc mn
thanh lc l 0, 4 v 6 mui NaCl. 2) Th nghim 1b: Trng cy trong t: B tr th
nghim theo kiu hon ton ngu nhin, hai ln lp li trong khay thic c kch thc l
15 x 50 x 100 cm vi ba mc mn thanh lc l 0, 4 v 6 mui NaCl. 3) Th
nghim 2: Thanh lc mn sau giai on m (t 30 ngy sau khi gieo n chn). B tr th
nghim theo kiu hon ton ngu nhin, ba ln lp li trong cc b kch thc 2,5 x 2,5m
vi ba mc mn thanh lc l 0, 4 v 6 mui NaCl.
Kt qu t c:
1) Tt c cc ging la u c kh nng chu mn nng t 4 - 6. Ring
IR 29 l ging chun nhim nn b cht hon ton vo giai on sau 23 ngy tin hnh
thanh lc.
2) Kh nng chu mn v t l sng st ca cc ging la t l thun vi nhau.
Ging c t l sng st cng cao chng t ging cng thch nghi vi iu kin sng.
3) Chiu cao cy v kh nng chu mn t l nghch vi nhau. Nng mui
cng cao th chiu cao cy cng gim.
4) Qua kt qu thu c t nng sut ca cc ging la th nghim chn ra
c 4 ging la trin vng l OM 6976, A69-1 NCM, OM 5464, OM 5451 c cc c
tnh nng hc v hnh thi tt, nng sut vt tri v c kh nng chu mn cao nht so
vi cc ging cn li trong th nghim.

iv

MC LC
Trang ta ............................................................................................................................ i
Li cm n......................................................................................................................... ii
Tm tt..............................................................................................................................iii
Mc lc ............................................................................................................................. iv
Danh sch cc bng .......................................................................................................... vi
Danh sch cc hnh v th........................................................................................... vii
Danh sch cc ch vit tt ..............................................................................................viii
Chng 1 M u............................................................................................................ 1
1.1. S cn thit nghin cu ............................................................................................. 1
1.2. Mc tiu ti ............................................................................................................ 2
1.3. Yu cu cn t .......................................................................................................... 2
1.4. Phm vi nghin cu .................................................................................................... 2
Chng 2 Tng quan....................................................................................................... 3
2.1. Lch s ca ngnh trng la ....................................................................................... 3
2.2. Tm quan trng ca la go i vi con ngi Vit Nam ......................................... 3
2.3. Gi tr kinh t ca la go........................................................................................... 5
2.3.1 Gi tr dinh dng .................................................................................................... 5
2.3.2 Gi tr s dng .......................................................................................................... 6
2.3.3 Gi tr thng mi .................................................................................................... 6
2.4 Tnh hnh sn xut la go trn th gii v Vit Nam................................................. 7
2.4.1 Tnh hnh sn xut la go trn th gii ................................................................... 7
2.4.2 Tnh hnh sn xut la go Vit Nam.................................................................... 8
2.5 S hnh thnh v c tnh ca t mn...................................................................... 12
2.6 Mn v cy trng ....................................................................................................... 13
2.6.1 Nhm cy trng chu mn ...................................................................................... 13
2.6.2 nh hng ca mn n s sinh trng ca cy trng.......................................... 15
2.6.3 nh hng ca mn n s sinh trng ca cy la ............................................. 16
2.7 Gii thiu chung v c im cc vng la nhim mn Vit Nam........................ 17
2.8 Thc trng vng la nhim mn vng BSCL...................................................... 18

Chng 3 Vt liu v phng php nghin cu......................................................... 21

3.1. Vt liu nghin cu................................................................................................... 21
3.2. Phng php th nghim........................................................................................... 22
3.3. Phng php b tr th nghim ................................................................................. 24
3.3.1. Th nghim : Thanh lc mn nhn to giai on m trong phng ........................ 24
3.3.1.1. Th nghim 1a: Trng cy trong dung dch Yoshida (IRRI, 1997).................... 24
3.3.1.2. Th nghim 1b: Trng cy trong t................................................................... 25
3.3.2. Th nghim : Thanh lc mn sau giai on m ..................................................... 26
3.4 Cc ch tiu v phng php theo di ....................................................................... 26
3.4.1. Th nghim : Thanh lc mn nhn to giai on m ............................................. 26
3.4.2. Th nghim: Thanh lc mn sau giai on m ...................................................... 27
3.5. Phng php x l .................................................................................................... 29
Chng 4 Kt qu v tho lun ................................................................................... 30
4.1. Th nghim thanh lc mn nhn to giai on m ................................................... 30
4.1.1Th nghim 1a: Trng cy trong dung dch Yoshida (IRRI, 1997)......................... 30
4.1.2 Th nghim 1b: Trng cy trong t....................................................................... 34
4.2. Th nghim thanh lc mn sau giai on m............................................................ 37
4.2.1 Cc c trng v hnh thi...................................................................................... 38
4.2.2 T l sng st: (TLSS) .......................................................................................... 39
4.2.3 ng thi tng trng chiu cao ............................................................................ 42
4.2.4 ng thi nhnh................................................................................................. 46
4.2.5 Nng sut v cc yu t cu thnh nng sut ......................................................... 49
Chng 5 Kt lun v ngh...................................................................................... 53
5.1 Kt lun...................................................................................................................... 53
5.2 ngh ...................................................................................................................... 53
TI LIU THAM KHO ............................................................................................... 54
PH LC ........................................................................................................................ 55

vi

DANH SCH CC BNG

Bng 2.1 : Mt s mt hng xut khu nng sn ca Vit Nam 2000-2008 .................... 4
Bng 2.2 Cc quc gia xut khu go quan trng trn th gii ....................................... 5
Bng 2.3 Gi tr dinh dng ca la go .......................................................................... 6
Bng 2.4 Din tch, nng sut, v sn lng la trn th gii qua cc nm ..................... 8
Bng 2.5. Din tch, nng sut v sn lng la Vit Nam qua cc nm...................... 9
Bng 2.6. Th trng xut khu go ca Vit Nam nm 2010 ....................................... 10
Bng 2.7. Gi go xut khu ca Vit Nam so vi mt s nc ................................... 11
Bng 2.8. S lng v gi tr go xut khu ca Vit nam ............................................ 12
Bng 2.9 Phn loi mn ca t theo 2 ch tiu kt hp ............................................ 14
Bng 2.10 : nh hng ca mn n cy trng ............................................................. 14
Bng 2.11 : Kh nng chu mn ca cy trng giai on sinh trng......................... 15
Bng 2.12. Din tch b nhim mn BSCL .............................................................. 19
Bng 3.1: Danh sch 15 ging la th nghim................................................................ 21
Bng 3.2: c im v tnh cht l ha tnh khu th nghim ........................................ 22
Bng 3.3: Tnh hnh thi tit, kh hu ni th nghim .................................................... 23
Bng 3.4. Tiu chun nh gi giai on tng trng v pht trin (IRRI, 1997) ...... 27
Bng 3.5 : Phn nhm chng chu mn .......................................................................... 27
Bng 4.1 Kt qu thanh lc mn 15 ging la ti Vin La BSCL............................. 31
Bng 4.2 ng thi tng trng chiu cao cy trong dung dch Yoshida ...................... 32
Bng 4.3 ng thi tng trng chiu cao cy trong iu kin nh li ...................... 35
Bng 4.4 T l sng st (TLSS) ca cc ging la sau th nghim ................................ 36
Bng 4.5 c trng v hnh thi ca cc ging la th nghim i chng ................. 38
Bng 4.6 TLSS ca 15 ging nng 0 ................................................................. 40
Bng 4.7 TLSS ca 15 ging la nng 4 ........................................................... 41
Bng 4.8 TLSS ca 15 ging la nng 6 ........................................................... 42
Bng 4.9 Nng sut v cc yu t cu thnh nng sut nng 0 ......................... 49
Bng 4.10 Nng sut v cc yu t cu thnh nng sut nng 4 ....................... 51
Bng 4.11 Nng sut v cc yu t cu thnh nng sut nng 6 ...................... 52

vii

DANH SCH CC HNH V TH

Hnh 3.1 Ht ging c gieo trong khay ................................................................... 25
Hnh 3.2 Mui v my o nng mui .................................................................... 25
th 4.1 Thanh lc mn ca 15 ging la trong dung dch Yoshida ........................... 30
th 4.2 So snh s tng quan t l gim chiu cao cy v cp chng chu mn
nng 4 .................................................................................................................... 33
th 4.3 So snh s tng quan vi t l gim chiu cao cy v cp chng chu mn
nng 6 .................................................................................................................... 34
th 4.4 Thanh lc mn 15 ging la trong khay t .................................................. 37
th 4.5 ng thi tng trng chiu cao ca 15 ging la nng 0 ............... 43
th 4.6 ng thi tng trng chiu cao ca 15 ging la nng 4 ............... 44
th 4.7 ng thi tng trng chiu cao ca 15 ging la nng 6 ............... 45
th 4.8 ng thi nhnh ca 15 ging la nng 0 .................................. 46
th 4.9 ng thi nhnh ca 15 ging la nng 4 .................................. 47
th 4.10 ng thi nhnh ca 15 ging la nng 6 ................................ 48

viii

DANH SCH CH VIT TT

CV:

Coefficient of Variation (H s bin ng)

BSCL:

ng bng sng Cu Long

BSH:

ng bng sng Hng

FAOSTAT: Food and Agriculture Organization of The United nations

(T chc Nng Lng Th gii)
IRRI:

International Rice Reasearch Institute

(Vin Nghin cu La go quc t)

NSC:

Ngy sau cy

NSG:

Ngy sau gieo

TLSS:

T l sng st

VN:

Vit Nam

Chng 1
M U
1.1 S cn thit nghin cu
Cy la (Oryza sativa) l cy lng thc quan trng trn th gii, vi hn mt
na dn s th gii ly la go lm ngun lng thc chnh, c bit l cc quc gia
Chu , Chu Phi v M La tinh. Hin nay trn th gii c hn 110 quc gia sn xut v
tiu th la go vi cc mc khc nhau. Nm 2008 sn lng la go th gii t 685
triu tn so vi 822 triu tn ng v 695 triu tn sn (khoai m). Nhng vn cn hn 1
t ngi trn th gii trn th gii b i (FAO, 2010). m bo an sinh x hi v an
ninh lng thc ca mt quc gia th vic quan trng nht l m bo ba n ti thiu
cho ngi dn ngho.
La l loi cy lng thc c kh nng thch nghi rng t 300 Nam n 400 Bc,
nhng rt d mn cm vi iu kin thi tit, d gy thit hi nghim trng c bit l
nhng vng trng la ven bin, do s ln chim vo t lin ca nc bin. Theo Munns
(2002), tnh trng t b nhim mn ang tr nn nghim trng c hai vng trng la
khc nhau: Vng trng la nc ti v vng trng la nc tri. Nn nng nghip
trng la nc ti cung cp 1/3 lng thc th gii, trong 20% din tch trng la
nc ti b nhim mn. c tnh t nhim mn ln ti 1 t ha trn ton th gii. Ch
ring Chu c khong 21,5 triu ha t b nhim mn. (Flower v Yeo, 1995).
Vit Nam nm 2008 din tch la t 7,4 triu ha, sn lng 38,72 triu tn
trong vng ng bng sng Cu Long (BSCL) c 2,9 triu ha t nng nghip vi
744.000 ha t nhim mn. Nhng nm gn y vn th ha v s bin i kh hu
ton cu lm nh hng n din tch t nng nghip nc ta. c bit l hn hn v
s xm nhim mn. Theo d on ca cc nh khoa hc quc t, nu mc nc bin
dng cao khong 1m th vng BSCL s b ngp khong 12% v nh vy din tch la
mt i khong 40%.

V vy nghin cu tuyn chn nhng ging la chng chu mn tt l i hi cp

bch trong thc tin sn xut nng nghip.
chn lc nhng ging la chng chu mn tt, cn phi hiu c ch chng
chu mn ca chng, t mi c th ci tin cu trc di truyn. Theo Akbar, 1975
nhim mn gy tn hi n cy la l do mt cn bng thm thu v tch ly qu nhiu
ion Cl-. Theo Ponnamperuma, 1984 cho thy cy la chng chu mn trong sut giai
on ny mm, tr nn rt nhim trong giai on m non, tip tc chng chu trong giai
on sinh trng dinh dng, nhim trong giai on th phn, th tinh v chng chu
mn trong giai on chn. Aslam v ctv.,1993 cho rng ti giai on tr, cy la t mn
cm vi mn, trong khi Gregorio v Senadrina, 1993; Lee, 1995 nhn thy: Nghin cu
di truyn s lng tnh chng chu mn, hot ng ca gen cng tnh v gen khng cng
tnh u nh hng ngha trong di truyn tnh chng chu mn.
c s phn cng ca Khoa Nng Hc cng vi s chp nhn ca Vin La
ng Bng Sng Cu Long, di s hng dn ca thy TS. Hong Kim v TS. Phm
Trung Ngha, ti tin hnh thc hin ti: Thanh lc tnh chng chu mn ca mt s
ging la cao sn ngn ngy ti Vin la ng Bng Sng Cu Long.
1.2. Mc tiu ti
Xc nh tnh chng chu mn ca mt s ging la cao sn ngn ngy tuyn
chn ging la thun chng chu mn cho canh tc cc vng nhim mn ng Bng
Sng Cu Long.
1.3. Yu cu cn t
Xc nh mc chng chu mn, thnh phn nng sut v nng sut ca mt s
ging la thun. nh gi kt qu t c v chn ra ging la chng chu mn.
1.4. Phm vi nghin cu
i tng nghin cu gm 15 ging la thun chu mn, l cc ging la ma,
la cao sn a phng v cc ging la ca Vin la Quc T (IRRI).
Thi gian thc hin: T 01/2011 n 04/2011. a im kho nghim: ti Vin
La ng Bng Sng Cu Long, Mn - Cn Th.

Chng 2
TNG QUAN
2.1. Lch s ca ngnh trng la
Cy la (Oryza sativa) c ngun gc lch s lu i, tri di t pha Nam Trung
Quc n ng Bc n (vo khong 8000 nm trc y). Cc ti liu lch s, di
tch kho c u c ni v ngnh trng la. Theo cc ti liu ny, ngnh trng la
xut hin cc nc ng Nam nh Trung Quc, nm 1742 c ti liu ni rng,
ngh trng la c Trung Quc t 2800 trc cng nguyn. Vit Nam, t cc di ch
ng u v trng ng ng Sn c in hnh ngi gi go, cng vi cc v tru chy
thnh than chng t ngnh trng la c cch y t 3300 - 4100 nm (V Tng
Xun, 1984). Thm vo inh Vn L (1978) cng cho rng khong 4000 - 3000
trc cng nguyn, ngi ta tm thy nhng di tch nh bn nghin ht la, ci v
chy gi go. n ngh trng la c t 1000 nm trc cng nguyn. Nh vy
c th ni rng ngh trng la bt u chu sau lan sang cc vng khc nh Ai
Cp, Chu u, Chu phi, Chu M....
2.2. Tm quan trng ca la go i vi con ngi Vit Nam
La go l loi cy lng thc quan trng ca th gii v Vit Nam. La go l
cy lng thc ng v tr hng u, do c nhiu gi tr dinh dng v cng dng quan
trng thng qua vic ch bin thnh cm, bnh.... cung cp nng lng cho con ngi
sng v hot ng.
Cy la t ngn i nay gn b vi con ngi, lng qu Vit Nam. ng thi
cng tr thnh tn gi cho mt nn vn minh - nn vn minh la nc. Cy la khng
ch mang li s no m cn tr thnh mt nt p trong i sng vn ha v tinh thn
ca ngi Vit Nam.

Cy la l cy trng thuc nhm ng cc, la cng l cy lng thc chnh ca

ngi dn Vit Nam ni ring v hn mt na dn s th gii ni chung. Cy la khng
ch gi vai tr to ln trong i sng kinh t, x hi m cn c gi tr lch s, bi lch s
pht trin ca cy la gn vi lch s pht trin ca c dn tc Vit Nam, in du n trong
tng thi k thng trm ca t nc. Nu trc y cy la, ht go ch em li no
cho con ngi, th ngy nay cy la c th lm giu cho ngi nng dn v cho c t
nc iu th hin qua bng 2.1
Bng 2.1 : Mt s mt hng xut khu nng sn ca Vit Nam (nghn tn) 2000-2008
Loi nng sn

2000

2004

2005

2006

5.254,80

733,9

976,2

912,7

980,9

1.232,10 1060,9

Ht iu

34,2

104,6

109,0

127,7

154,7

160,8

H tiu

36,4

110,5

109,9

144,8

83,0

93,3

Ch

55,7

104,3

91,7

105,4

115,7

104,7

Lc nhn

76,1

46,0

54,7

14,0

37,0

14,3

Tinh bt

59,7

100,9

129,6

151,2

194,1

258,6

800,7

1.041,00

3.476,70

C ph

Sn lt

4.580,00

2008

4.063,10

Go

4.642,00

2007

4.744,90

1.371,00 2000,0

Ngun: Nin gim Thng k 2008 Tng cc Thng k; Hong Kim 2010
Nc ta l mt nc c nn kinh t nng nghip t hng ngn nm nay. T mt
nc thiu lng thc trm trng trong nhng nm chin tranh, n nay nn nng
nghip nc ta khng ch sn xut ra mt lng ln lng thc p ng nhu cu
trong nc m cn xut khu sang nhiu th trng ln trn th gii. Trong ngnh
trng la nc ta l mt trong nhng ngnh sn xut lng thc v cng quan trng v
t c nhng thnh tu ng k, a VN tr thnh nc xut khu go ln th hai
trn th gii (bng 2.2).

Bng 2.2 Cc quc gia xut khu go quan trng trn th gii (triu tn)
TT

Cc nc

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

Thi lan

5,282

6,043

5,996

7,048

8,672

Vit Nam

3,476

5,250

4,642

4,558

4,735

1,359

2,281

1,948

1,693

1,705

1,527

3,824

4,443

6,143

2,474

Pakistan

2,016

2,981

3,688

3,129

2,599

Trung Quc

2,884

0,558

1,089

1,158

0,809

Uruguay

0,433

0,533

0,528

0,551

0,500

Ai Cp

0,389

1,017

0,917

1,123

1,734

Argentina

0,293

0,194

0,284

0,274

0,282

10

Brazil

0,012

0,032

0,058

0,056

0,319

17,671

22,713

23,593

25,733

23,829

Tng
Ngun: FAOSTAT, 2011

2.3. Gi tr kinh t ca la go
2.3.1 Gi tr dinh dng
Go l thc n giu cht dinh dng cha nhiu ng bt v protein. Phn tch
thnh phn dinh dng ca go c: 62,4% tinh bt, 7,9 % protein ( go np thng cao
hn go t), lipit go xay l 2,2% nhng go xt ch cn 0,2%. Bt go c nhiu
vitamin B1 (0,45 mg/100 ht), B2, B6 v PP (bng 2.3)
Trong ht go, hm lng dinh dng tp trung cc lp ngoi v gim dn vo
trung tm. Phn bn trong ni nh ch cha ch yu l cht ng bt. Cm hay lp v
ngoi ca ht go chim khong 10% trng lng kh l thnh phn rt b dng ca
la, cha nhiu protein, cht bo, khong cht v vitamin, c bit l cc vitamin nhm
B. Tm gm c mm ht la b tch ra khi xay ch, cng l thnh phn rt b dng,
cha nhiu protein, cht bo, ng, cht khong v vitamin.

Bng 2.3 Gi tr dinh dng ca la go (% cht kh so vi mt s cy ly ht khc)

Loi ht

Tinh bt

Protein

Lipit

Xenluloza

Tro

Nc

La

62,4

7,9

2,2

9,9

5,7

11,9

La m

63,8

16,8

2,0

2,0

1,8

13,6

Ng

69,2

10,6

4,3

2,0

1,4

12,5

La min

71,7

12,7

3,2

1,5

1,6

9,9

59,0

11,3

3,8

8,9

3,6

13,0

Ngun: Nguyn Vn Tut, 2010

2.3.2 Gi tr s dng
Go c dng ch bin thnh cm, bnh, lm mi trng nui cy nim
khun, men, cm m, Ngoi ra go cn dng chng ct ru, cn,
Cm, hay ng hn l cc lp v ngoi ca ht go, do cha nhiu protein, cht
bo, cht khong, vitamin, nht l vitamin nhm B, nn c dng lm bt dinh dng
tr em v iu tr cc bnh tim mch, huyt p, ph thng.Cm l thnh phn c bn,
giu cht dinh dng trong thc n gia sc, gia cm.
Tru ngoi cng dng lm cht t, cht n chung cn dng lm vn p, vt
liu cch nhit, cch m, ch to carbon v silic.
Rm r l thc n cho tru b, lm cht t, lp nh, lm giy, sn xut nm rm
2.3.3 Gi tr thng mi
Trn th trng th gii, thng thng gi go xut khu cao hn la m t 2 - 3
ln v hn ng t 2 - 4 ln. Thi im khng hong lng thc trn th gii nhng nm
1970 lm gi c cc loi ng cc trn th trng th gii tng vt t ngt: gi go t
147 USD/tn (1972) tng ln 350 USD/tn (1973), la m t 69 USD/tn (1972) ln 137
USD/tn (1973) v ng t 56 (1972) ln 98 USD/tn (1973). Gi go t nh cao vo
nm 1974 l 542 USD/tn, trong khi go thm c sn Basmati (go s 1 th gii) ln
n 820 USD/tn. Sau , gi go gim dn v tng ln tr li trn 430 USD/tn trong
nhng nm 1980 - 1981 ri gim xung v c khuynh hng n nh khong 200 250 USD/tn, tc vn gp i gi la m v gp ba ng. Nhn chung, t nm 1975 - 1995
gi go bin ng kh ln v mc cao.

Gi go th gii trong nhng nm 90 bin ng kh ln, trong nm 1993 thp

nht, sau tng dn v tng i n nh t nm 1997 - 1998. Gi go VN (5% tm)
bn trn th trng th gii mc trung bnh t 220 - 290 USD/tn. T nm 2000 tr i,
gi go th gii tng u v n nh mc 10% nm. Gi go xut khu ca VN thng
7/2011 vi go 5% tm l 470 USD/tn. (Hip hi Lng thc Vit Nam, 2011)
2.4 Tnh hnh sn xut la go trn th gii v Vit Nam
2.4.1 Tnh hnh sn xut la go trn th gii
Din tch trng la trn th gii tng r rt t nm 1961 n nm 1980. Nng
sut khng ngng c ci thin, t bit t sau cuc cch mng xanh ca th gii vo
nhng nm 1965 - 1970, vi s ra i ca cc ging la thp cy, ngn ngy, m tiu
biu l ging la IR5, IR8. Cc ging la ny c yu cu k thut cao hn, to iu kin
cho cc nc pht trin tng nhanh sn lng la bng con ng tng nng sut nh c
iu kin pht trin h thng thy li hon chnh v u t phn bn, k thut cao (bng
2.4).
n nhng nm 1990 dn u nng sut la trn th gii l cc nc Triu Tin,
c, M, Nht Bn, Ty Ban Nha (IRRI, 1990). Trong khi cc nc c din tch la ln,
iu kin t nhin khc nghit, thiu iu kin u t, ci to mi trng canh tc v
khng th u t vo nng nghip cao, nn nng sut la vn cn rt thp v tng chm.
iu ny lm nng sut la bnh qun trn th gii cho n nay vn cn khong 4,0 4,3 tn/ha, ch bng phn na nng sut la cc nc pht trin (bng 2.4).

Bng 2.4 Din tch, nng sut, v sn lng la trn th gii qua cc nm
Nm

Din tch (triu ha)

Nng sut (tn/ha)

Sn lng (triu tn)

1965

124,98

2,03

254,08

1970

133,10

2,38

316,38

1975

141,97

2,51

357,00

1980

144,67

2,74

396,87

1985

143,90

3,25

467,95

1990

146,98

3,53

518,21

1995

149,59

3,66

547,43

2000

153,94

3,89

598,40

2005

151,71

3,94

597,32

2006

147,53

3,85

568,30

2007

147,26

3,98

585,73

2008

150,31

4,06

610,84

2009

152,90

4,12

629,30

2006

155,30

4,12

641,08

2007

155,05

4,23

656,50

2008

157,73

4,36

689,14

2009

158,30

4,32

685,24

Ngun: FAOSTAT, 2011

2.4.2 Tnh hnh sn xut la go Vit Nam
Trc nm 1975 din tch trng la c nc dao ng trong khong 4,42 - 4,92
triu ha, nng sut c tng nhng rt chm, ch khong 700kg/ha trong vng 20 nm.
Sn lng la hai min ch trn di 10 triu tn (bng 2.5 ).
Sau nm 1975 din tch trng la tng kh nhanh v n nh, nhng nng sut
bnh qun gim st kh nghim trng do t ai mi khai hoang cha c ci to, thin
tai v su bnh, c ch qun l nng nghip tr tr khng ph hp.

Bng 2.5. Din tch, nng sut v sn lng la Vit Nam qua cc nm
Nm

Din tch (triu ha)

Nng sut (tn/ha)

Sn lng (triu tn)

1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
S b 2009

4,42
4,60
4,83
4,72
4,94
5,54
5,70
5,96
6,77
7,67
7,49
7,50
7,45
7,45
7,33
7,32
7,21
7,41
7,44

1,44
1,99
1,94
2,15
2,16
2,11
2,78
3,21
3,69
4,24
4,29
4,59
4,64
4,86
4,89
4,89
4,99
5,22
5,23

6,36
9,17
9,37
10,17
10,54
11,68
15,87
19,14
24,96
32,53
32,11
34,45
34,57
36,15
35,79
35,85
35,94
38,72
38,89

Ngun : Tng cc Thng k VN, 2011

Bc sang 1980, nng sut la tng dn do khc phc c nhng nguyn nhn
trn nh: thay i c ch qun l nng nghip bng ch trng khon sn phm trong
sn xut, ci thin h thng knh mng.
Sau nhng n lc khc phc kh khn nc ta t c nhng thnh tu to
ln. T mt nc phi nhp khu go hng nm chng ta t tc c lng thc v
dn dn ti ha nhp vo th trng lng thc th gii, chim lnh ngay v tr quan
trng l nc xut khu go ng hng th 3 ri th 2 trn th gii sau Thi Lan.
T nm 1997 n nay, hng nm nc ta xut khu trung bnh trn di 4 triu
tn go, em v mt ngun thu nhp ngoi t ng k. Hin nay VN ng hng th 6 v
din tch gieo trng v ng hng th 5 v sn lng la. Ht go VN chng nhng m
bo yu cu v an ninh lng thc trong nc m cn gp phn quan trng trong th
trng la go th gii.

10

Trong nhng nm qua, go xut khu VN tng trng v s lng v cht lng
cng nh m rng th trng. n nay, ngoi cc th trng truyn thng ca VN nh l
Iraq, Iran (Trung ng), th trng Chu (Indonesia, Philippines), VN m rng v
pht trin thm mt s th trng tim nng cc nc Chu Phi, M La tinh(bng
2.6)
Bng 2.6. Th trng xut khu go ca Vit Nam nm 2010
Th trng

Lng (nghn tn)

Tr gi (nghn USD)

Philippines
Indonesia
Singapore
Cu Ba
Malaysia
i Loan
Hng Kng
Trung Quc
ng Timo
Nga
Nam Phi
Brunei
Ucraina
Australia
B
Tiu vng Quc Rp thng nht
Ba Lan
Php
H Lan
Italia
Ty Ban Nha

1.475,82
687,21
539,29
472,27
398,01
353,14
131,12
124,46
116,72
83,69
31,79
15,14
13,15
7,46
5,91
5,90
5,02
2,58
1,42
1,39
0,84

947.378,77
346.017,26
227.791,80
209.216,94
177.688,70
142.704,50
65.176,23
54.636,94
51.526,93
36.059,49
13.365,04
7.658,56
6.149,16
4.327,17
2.716,95
2.708,17
2.058,80
1.070,36
829,32
757,90
392,84

Tng cng

6.886,17

3.247.860,36

Ngun: Tng cc thng k, 2011

V gi c, go VN dn dn c nng ln tng ng vi go Thi Lan, vo
cng mt thi im v cp loi go. iu ny cho thy, cht lng go v quan h th
trng ca go VN c th cnh tranh ngang hng vi go Thi Lan trn th trng th
gii (bng 2.7 ).

11

Bng 2.7. Gi go xut khu ca Vit Nam so vi mt s nc (gi FOB, USD/tn)

Loi go

Gi go
u 6/2011 n cui 7/2011

Thi 100B ( 100% go nguyn )

550

Thi 5% tm

520

Thi 25% tm

480

Vit 5% tm

470

Vit 25% tm

435

n 5% tm

330

n 25% tm

315

Pakistan 15-20% tm

510

Pakistan 25% tm

460

Ngun: Th trng la go.com v gentraco.com.vn, 2011

Tng sn lng v gi tr xut khu go ca Vit Nam cng tng ln r rt k t
lc nc ta tham gia th trng xut khu go th gii nm 1989 (bng 2.8)

12

Bng 2.8. S lng v gi tr go xut khu ca Vit nam (B thng mi)

Tng lng go xut khu

Tng gi tr

(triu tn)

(triu USD)

1989

1,37

310,29

1990

1,78

274,52

1991

1,17

230,50

1992

1,54

405,53

1993

1,65

335,06

1994

1,96

420,86

1995

2,03

538,84

1996

3,05

868,42

1997

3,68

891,34

1998

3,79

1.005,48

1999

4,56

1.008,96

2000

3,39

615,82

2001

3,53

544,11

2002

3,25

608,12

2003

3,92

693,53

2004

4,06

859,18

2005

5,20

1.279,27

Nm

Ngun: Hip hi lng thc VN, 2011

2.5 S hnh thnh v c tnh ca t mn
t mn ven bin Vit Nam do nh hng ca nc bin mn theo thy triu trn
vo hoc do mch nc mn ngm. FAO - UNESCO gi t ph sa mn (satic flavisols)
v xc nh t mn l t c c tnh mn (salic properties) khng c tng sulfidic cng
nh tng sulfuric t mt t xung su 125 cm (Tn Tht Chiu, 1992).

13

t mn l t c dn in ca dung dch trch bo ha (Eco) l t 4 mmho/cm

tr ln 250C. y l ngng m vt qu mc ny nng sut la s gim ng k v
lng mui gia tng (Akbar v Ponnamperuma, 1980). Cc loi ion chnh yu ca mui
gm: Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl- v SO42-. Trong mui NaCl chim u th.
Ngoi ra t mn c chia lm 2 dng khc nhau r rt: t mn duyn hi v t
mn ni a. t mn duyn hi c nhng vng ven bin, tnh mn ny ch yu do s
trn ngp ca nc bin v nc thng c pH thp. t mn ni a c nhng vng
kh v na kh. Tnh mn y do nc dn thy hoc nc ngm. S bc hi cao dn
n mui tp trung vng r v t thng c pH cao (Yoshida, 1981).
t mn ven bin thng c tng s mui tan > 0,5% (tng ng vi >0,15%
Cl) v nu t mc mn trung bnh phi > 0,25% (tng ng vi 0,05% Cl). Trong
hon cnh nhit i m, gi ma c loi ma ma v kh khc nhau, v ma ma mui
tng t mn thng b ra i gn ht, lc by gi xc nh t mn phi ly mu v
phn tch cc tng bn di phu din (Nguyn Vy v Trn Khi, 1978).
t b nh hng mn khng phi u c kh nng canh tc ging nh nhau, m
n c chia ra thnh tng nhm khc nhau s dng t hp l. t b nh hng
mn i lc thuc Chu u v Bc M rt t c kh nng trng trt. Chu , hn
80% t b nh hng mn c kh nng trng trt v c khai thc cho sn xut
nng nghip. Chu Phi v Nam M, khong 30% t b nhim mn c kh nng trng
trt. Hin tng nhim mn l mi e da ln nht n vic gia tng sn lng lng
thc cc quc gia Chu (Abrol, 1986) .
2.6 Mn v cy trng
2.6.1 Nhm cy trng chu mn
Nng mui cao trong t l nguyn nhn nh hng xu n cy trng. nh
hng d thy nht l nc km hu dng cho cy vng r. iu ny do p sut thm
thu ca dung dch t gia tng. Ngoi ra nng m c ca nhng ion mui c th
gy c i vi cy trng, hoc c th ngn cn s hp thu ca nhng dinh dng cn
thit khc i vi cy (Abrol, 1988).

14

Trong t b nhim mn thng bao gm t b nhim mn, thnh phn t nhin

v thnh phn mui, pH, cc cht dinh dng, ch nc v cc cht c lin quan
trong t. t mn khc vi t thng tr s EC o c, nu l t mn tr s EC
vt qu 4dS/m (tng ng mn l 2) 250C, nu tr s EC vt qu mc ny
th nng sut cy trng ni chung v nng sut la ni ring gim mt cch trm trng.
Bng 2.9 Phn loi mn ca t theo 2 ch tiu kt hp
Phn loi mn

Tng s mui tan

ca t

(%) trong t

t rt mn

>1

> 0.25

0.50 - 1

0.15 0.25

0.25 0.50

0.05 - 0.15

< 0.25

< 0.05

t mn
t mn trung bnh

Cl- (%) trong

t mn t
Ngun: Nguyn Vy v Trn Khi, 1978

Mc chu mn ca cy c nh gi da trn nng sut gim khi so snh vi

t khng mn (Abrol v ctv, 1988).
Bng 2.10 : nh hng ca mn n cy trng
Phn loi t
mn
Khng mn

dn in ca dung
dch t trch bo ha
(mmh0/cm)
02

Mn t

24

nh hng trn cy trng

Mn nh hng khng ng k.
Nng sut ca nhiu loi cy trng c th b
gii hn.

Mn trung bnh

48

Mn

8 16

Rt mn

> 16

Nng sut ca nhiu loi cy trng b gii

hn.
Ch mt s cy trng chu ng c
Ch rt t loi cy trng chu ng mn

Ngun: Abrol v ctv , 1998

Ty theo cch chu mn khc nhau m thc vt c th chia lm 4 nhm sau (Trn
Kim ng v ctv, 1991)
- Nhm 1: Thc vt a mui (thch mui in hnh), kh nng cha mui trong t
bo n 10%.

15

- Nhm 2: Thc vt c t bo thch ng mn, tng dch bo tng p sut thm

thu.
- Nhm 3: Thc vt c t bo loi thi mui, c kh nng tng tnh thm ca cht
nguyn sinh (tng tnh tan vo trong t bo).
- Nhm 4: Thc vt c c quan c bit gi mui, nh cc lng t mi to ra trn
b mt l gi mui li.
2.6.2 nh hng ca mn n s sinh trng ca cy trng
* Giai on sinh trng
Hu ht cc loi cy trng u b nh hng mn trong giai on ny mm nhiu
hn bt k giai on sinh trng no khc. Kh nng chu mn trong giai on ny mm
thay i theo tng loi cy.
Maas v Hoffman (1977), cho rng kh nng chu ng mn ca cy thay i
theo giai on sinh trng ca cy v ng kt lun rng la mch, la m v ng chu
ng nng mui gn ging la. C ci ng v c linh lng th mn cm sut giai
on ny mm, u nnh th thay i ty thuc vo ging. Theo Maas v Hoffman
(1977) th B Nng Nghip Canada a ra kh nng chu ng mn ca vi loi cy
trng bng 2.11.
Bng 2.11 : Kh nng chu mn ca cy trng giai on sinh trng
Cy trng

Giai on ny mm

Giai on nh gi

La mch

Rt tt

Tt

Ng

Tt

Xu

La m

Kh tt

Trung bnh

C linh lng

Xu

Tt

C ci ng rt

Xu

Tt

Rt xu

Ngun: Maas v Hoffman, 1977

Rt xu

16

2.6.3 nh hng ca mn n s sinh trng ca cy la

La c kh nng chu mn cao lc ny mm nhng li rt mn cm thi k cy
con, lc cy v lc tr. Trong nhng trng hp mn t, th mt lng Na+ thp c th
thc y s sinh trng ca cy la. Mi ging la c sc chng chu mn khc nhau,
kh nng chu mn l mt yu t quan trng gip cy la c th thch nghi c vi
nhiu iu kin mi trng khc nhau (Bi Huy p, 1977).
Kh nng chu mn ca la ty thuc vo nhiu yu t khc nhau: pH t, ch
nc, phng php canh tc, tui m, giai on pht trin ca cy, thi gian b nhim
mn v nhit bn ngoi (IRRI, 1978).
Akbar v Ponnamperuma (1980), cho rng kh nng chu mn ca la ty theo
giai on sinh trng ca la nh sau:
- Giai on ny mm v m non: cc ging la u c kh nng chu mn trong
sut giai on ny mm. Ajkbar (1972), cho rng mn khng lm thit hi kh nng ny
mm m ch ko di thi gian ny mm. Nhiu kt qu nghin cu cho thy cy la
mm cm vi mn giai on m non (2 - 3 l) nhiu hn trong giai on ny mm, v
nh hng ca mn trong giai on m thay i ty theo ging la. Mn nh hng n
s gia tng chiu di ca l v vic hnh thnh l mi, ng thi n cng nh hng n
s pht trin ca r. Theo Dip Vn Tht (1987), vi nng mui 6 giai on ny
mm v giai on m cy la cht lc 28 ngy sau khi gieo v 30 ngy sau khi x l
mn. Tuy nhin ging la MTL78 (A69-1) ht vn ny mm c > 80%, cy la c kh
nng chu mn c sut 28 ngy. Cng vi nng 6, giai on m chi tch cc
v giai on tr, ging MTL78 sng c v cho nng sut, tuy nhin nng sut gim rt
nhiu so vi i chng. Nh vy thi gian nhim mn cng sm i vi ging ny s
dn n nng sut km.
- Giai on tng trng: La c kh nng chu mn trong sut giai on sinh
trng tng trng, v sc chng chu ny tng dn theo tui cy, khi cy gi th tnh
chng chu cng gia tng. Trong sut giai on tng trng, chiu cao cy, trng lng
rm r, s chi/bi, trng lng kh ca r, chiu di r, thi gian t khi cy n tr,
u b nh hng bi mn vi mc khc nhau, trong chiu cao cy, s chi/bi v
thi gian sinh trng b nh hng mnh nht. S thit hai do mn nghim trong hn khi

17

thi tit c nhit cao (30,70C) v m thp (63,5%) v n lm gia tng s thot hi
nc v s hp thu mn ca cy la.
- Giai on sinh dc: Mn nh hng giai on ny s lm gim nng sut ht
nhiu hn giai on sinh trng tng trng. Trong thi k sinh sn, mn nh hng
n s tng gi, s hnh thnh hoa, s th phn v s ny mm ca ht phn, lm cho t
l lp gia tng (Akbar, 1972; Awaki, 1956; Kaddak v Fakhry, 1961; Ota v ctvl, 1965).
Mn lm gim chiu di bng, s ht/bng v trng lng 1000 ht a n nng sut
gim.
2.7 Gii thiu chung v c im cc vng la nhim mn Vit Nam
Nc ta c khong 1 triu ha t nhim mn (Hong Kim, Phm Vn Bin v
R.H.Howeler, 2003) trong c hai vng nhim mn tp trung ch yu l chu th ln
l BSH v BSCL. nh hng ca nc bin vng ca sng vo t lin BSH
ch khong 15 km, nhng vng BSCL li c th xm nhp ti 40 - 50 km (FAO,
2000).
Cc tnh vng BSCL nh: Sc Trng, Bn Tre, Tin Giang, Tr Vinh, Bc Liu,
C Mau, Kin Giang u b nhim mn. Ch yu l t phn mn chim din tch
khong 1.600.000ha, c tnh 40,7% din tch ton vng v t mn c din tch l
744.000 ha, chim 18,9% gy hn ch cho vic tng v v tng nng sut ca vng.
Cc vng la nhim mn BSH thuc cc tnh nh: Thi Bnh, Hi Phng,
Nam nh, Ninh Bnh, Thanh Ha,Vng ven bin thuc Hi Phng b nhim mn
khong 20.000 ha c hai dng nhim mn tim tng v nhim mn xm nhim t 0,3 0,5%. Tnh Thi Bnh c khong 18.000 ha nhim mn. Tnh Nam nh c khong
10.000 ha. Tnh Thanh Ha c khong 22.000 ha t nhim mn. Cc ging la ma a
phng trc y thng c gieo trng l: Cm, Nhng, T Tp, T , Chim
Bu, Ct Hng, nng sut thp, ch t 18 - 20 t/ha. Gn y mt s ging chu mn
trung bnh nh: Mc Tuyn, X21, X, X19, VD97, VD920cho nng sut kh cao
nhng c dng hnh yu r, t chu phn, cao cy, l lt (Nguyn Tn Hinh v ctv.,
2005).
Dc theo ven bin cc tnh min Trung t cng b nhim mn nh H Tnh c
khong 17.919 ha, Qung Bnh c c hn 9.300 ha b nhim mn v Ninh Thun c gn

18

2.300 ha t b nhim mn. Cc ging la a phng thng c canh tc ti cc vng

ny l: Thun Yn, np B Ging, Trng ip,
Ni chung mt trong nhng tr ngi chnh cho nghnh Nng nghip VN l t
nhim mn. Nhng nm gn y, phong tro chuyn i t m hnh trng la sang mt
tm - mt la cc tnh ven bin lm cho mt s vng la ln cn tr nn b nhim
mn, gy nh hng xu n sn lng la.
2.8 Thc trng vng la nhim mn vng BSCL
Vi din tch t nhin l 3,96 triu ha, chim 12% din tch c nc; trong t
sn xut nng nghip khong 2,9 triu ha, t sn xut lm nghip l 430.770 ha, t
khc chim 277.000 ha v t chuyn dng khong 262.682 ha (Nguyn Ngc Anh,
2005).
Nhit kh hu BSCL trung bnh hng nm trn 27 280C, thng c nhit
trung bnh thp nht l thng 12 v thng 1, nm trong khong 25 - 260C, thng c nhit
trung bnh cao nht l thng 4 v thng 5, nhit trung bnh: 28 - 290C. Lng ma
trung bnh hng nm ton vng l 1.520 - 1.800 mm, phn b khng u theo thi gian
v khng gian. Sut ma ma t thng 05 n thng 10 lng ma chim khong 90%
lng ma c nm, v lng ma rt t trong ma kh (thng 11 n thng 4).
V t nng nghip, theo Trn Thanh Cnh (1998), vng BSCL c cc nhm
t chnh sau: (1) t ph sa c din tch khong 1.180.000 ha, chim 30,1% din tch
ton vng; (2) t phn mn chim din tch khong 1.600.000 ha, c tnh 40,7% din
tch ton vng; (3) t mn c din tch l 744.000 ha, chim 18,9 %, c ph t nhin
cao, nhng b nhim mn, nn vic tng v, tng nng sut trong sn xut b hn ch; (4)
t xm c din tch khong 134.656 ha, chim 3,4%, bao gm t xm trn ph sa c,
t xm ng mn gley trn ph sa c.
BSCL c h thng sng ngi chng cht to thnh h thng thy li cung cp
nc cho sn xut nng nghip, tho chua, ra mn v cng l h thng vn chuyn
bng ng thy, rt thun li cho vn chuyn hng ho, nng sn. Ma l thng ko
di 5 thng vi lng nc chim khong 3/4 tng lng nc c nm, v 7 thng ma
kh cn, lng nc cn li rt t. Do , thy triu c nh hng rt ln n phn ln
vng h lu sng Mekong, ton b BSCL ca VN. Do nh hng ca thy triu, nc
mn t bin thng trn vo su trong t lin vo ma kh. Cc vng la ven bin

19

BSCL thuc cc tnh: Sc Trng, Bn Tre, Tin Giang, Tr Vinh, Bc Liu, C Mau,
Kin Giang u b nhim mn, nhiu hay t ty thuc vo nh hng ca thy triu v h
thng knh ngi, ngn mn ca tng vng. mn ln nht trn sng theo quy lut,
thng xut hin trng vi k triu cng trong thng, nc bin cng mn, cng vo
su trong t lin cc vng triu mnh v t c nc thng ngun v.
Mc xm nhp mn ty thuc vo s xm nhp ca nc bin, v ty vo ma
trong nm, cao im vo cc thng c lng ma thp, khong thng 3 - 4 dng lch.
BSCL c khong 1,8 - 2,1 triu ha t t nhin chu nh hng ca mn tp trung
cc tnh C Mau, Bc Liu, Tin Giang, Bn Tre, Tr Vinh, Sc Trng v Kin Giang,
phn ln l t b nhim mn kt hp vi phn, ngp nc th hin qua bng 2.12 (L
Sm, 2003)
Bng 2.12. Din tch b nhim mn BSCL trung bnh thng 4 (1991-2000)
STT

Khu vc

mn (g/l)

Din tch (ha)

Khng nh hng mn

Xm nhp mn

0,0 - 0,4

107.025

2,8

Xm nhp mn

0,4 - 2,0

232.816

6,0

Xm nhp mn

2,0 - 4,0

148.244

3,8

Xm nhp mn

4,0 -16,0

1.378.550

Xm nhp mn

>16,0

Tng cng (lm trn)

1.773.365

T l (%)
45,5

35,3

260.000

6,6

3.900.000

100

Ngun: L Sm, 2003.

B Nng Nghip v PTNT (2001) chia vng BSCL ra lm 06 vng: vng ven
v gia sng Tin v sng Hu, vng ng Thp Mi, vng Ty sng Hu, vng T
gic Long Xuyn, vng Bn o C Mau, vng ven bin ng. Trong cc vng b
nh hng mn chnh l:
- Vng Bn o C Mau: din tch t nhin: 946.000 ha. Din tch hin ang s
dng: 676.000 ha, gm cc loi t: t mn v t phn mn. Yu t chnh nh hng
n sn xut ca vng l thiu nc ngt v nh hng mn. Hin nay ang sn xut
theo mt s m hnh sau: 1 n 2 v la trong nm; nui thy sn; rng ngp mn; 1 v
la + 1 v tm; rng - tm.

20

- Vng ven bin ng: din tch t nhin: 1.073.000 ha. Din tch hin ang s
dng: 844.000 ha, gm cc loi t: t ph sa, t mn v t ct ging. Yu t chnh
nh hng n sn xut ca vng l khng ngp l, thiu nc ngt v nh hng mn.
Hin nay ang c nhng m hnh sn xut nh: 1 n 2 v la trong nm; nui thy sn;
da; cy n tri; 1 v la + 1 v tm; rng - tm.
- Din tch nui thy sn nc mn, l ch tp trung 8 tnh ven bin vng
BSCL: Long An, Tin Giang, Bn Tre, Tr Vinh, Sc Trng, Bc Liu, C Mau, Kin
Giang. Nm 2005, din tch c th t: 564.650 ha, tng 142.458 ha so vi nm 2001
(din tch nm 2001: 422.192 ha) v d kin nm 2010 s t: 649.430 ha, tng 84.780
ha so vi nm 2005 (Nguyn Ngc Anh, 2005).

21

Chng 3
VT LIU V PHNG PHP NGHIN CU
3.1. Vt liu nghin cu
Gm cc ging la ma, la cao sn a phng v cc ging la ca Vin Nghin
cu La Quc T (IRRI).
Bng 3.1: Danh sch 15 ging la th nghim
STT

Tn ging

Ngun gc

01

Pokkali (chun khng)

La chu mn ca n

02

IR 29 (chun nhim)

Vin La Quc T (IRRI)

03

A69-1

Cao sn chu mn

04

OM 5166-S2

IR75494/Jasmine85

05

OM 5199 B

OM 5199 B

06

OM 5451

Jas 85/ OM 2490

07

OM 5453

Jas 85/ OM 2718

08

OM 5464

OM 3242/ OM 2490

09

OM 5490

OMCS2000/ OM 2490

10

A69-1 NCM

Nui cy m ca A69-1

11

OM 6976

IR 68144/997-6//2718

12

OM 9584-2

OM6976/OM5451

13

OM 9585

OM5453/OM5494

14

OM 9916

OM5930/Pottkali

15

OM 9605

OM6976/OM6072

22

3.2. Phng php th nghim

iu kin th nghim
Thi gian v a im th nghim
- Thi gian thc hin th nghim bt u t thng 01/2011 n thng 04/2011.
- a im kho nghim ti Vin la ng bng sng Cu Long Mn - Cn
Th.
c im v tnh cht l ha tnh khu th nghim
Bng 3.2: c im v tnh cht l ha tnh khu th nghim
Thnh phn

n v tnh

Gi tr

St

62,00

Tht

33,00

Ct

5,00

pH (KCl)
EC

4,90
mS/cm

0,37

N tng s

0,17

N d tiu

ppm

70,00

P tng s

0,06

P d tiu

ppm

4,64

K tng s

1,12

meq/100g

0,08

Fe tng s

ppm

2,67

Cu d tiu

ppm

33,67

Zn d tiu

ppm

23,23

Ca tng s

0,0024

2+

meq/100g

1,581

0,112

meq/100g

3,76

0,022

K+

Ca

Mg tng s
Mg2+
Mn tng s

CEC
meq/100g
25,00
Ngun: B mn Khoa hc t, Vin la ng Bng sng Cu Long

23

Nhn xt: t c thnh phn c gii st nng (62%), hi chua, khng nhim mn,
kh nng trao i cation cao (25 meq/100g), %N trong t kh cao (0,17%), Cu v Zn
tng s tng i kh, Ptng s thp (0,06%), K trao i thp, Ca trao i v Mg trao i
tng i kh.
3.2.1.3. c im kh hu thi tit trong thi gian th nghim
S liu kh tng c thu thp t thng 01/2011 n thng 05/2011
Bng 3.3: Tnh hnh thi tit, kh hu ni th nghim
Nhit khng kh (0C)

Lng ma

Trung bnh

khng kh (%)

(mm)

01/2011

29,4

87,4

29

02/2011

30,2

82,3

49,6

03/2011

29,5

85,5

89,7

04/2011

30,1

89,3

49,5

05/2011

30,7

90,7

185,2

Thng/nm

Ngun: Trm kh tng Tr Nc - Cn Th

Nhn xt: Qua bng 3.3 ta thy:
- Thi tit khng c bin ng v ph hp trong sut thi gian lm th nghim
- Thng 1 nhit trung bnh 29,40C v m khng kh 87,4% nn thch hp cho
la bn r hi xanh sm, lng ma tuy thp nhng rung ch ng c nc nn
cng khng nh hng ln n i sng cy la.
- Thng 2 la nhnh, pht trin thn l r, gp iu kin thi tit thun li nn
kh nng pht trin tt.
- Thi k tr v chn vo thng 3, 4 nhit v m khng kh thun li (29,5 30,1 v 85,5 - 89,3%), thi gian ny t c ma, khng gy kh khn cho qu trnh phi
mu ca la.
- Thng 5 tri bt u ma nhng khng nh hng v th nghim chuyn sang
thc hin trong phng.

24

3.3. Phng php b tr th nghim

3.3.1. Th nghim : Thanh lc mn nhn to giai on m trong phng
3.3.1.1. Th nghim 1a: Trng cy trong dung dch Yoshida (IRRI, 1997)
- Nghim thc x l mui: ba nghim thc l 0, 4 v 6 mui NaCl
- S ln lp li: 2 ln/nghim thc
- S lng ging la th nghim: 15 ging
- Kiu b tr: hon ton ngu nhin
- Vt liu chnh gm:
+ Khay nha hnh ch nht kch thc 14 x 30 x 35 cm (hnh 3.1)
+ Li chng mui
+ Tm xp mng dy khong 1,2 - 2,5 cm (hnh 3.1)
+ Mui NaCl (hnh 3.2)
+ Dung dch Yoshida
+ My o nng mui (hnh 3.2)
+ Cy gp ht la.
* Chun b dung dch Yoshida
- Chun b dung dch m (ph lc 2, bng 1)
- Chun b dung dch Yoshida thanh lc mn (ph lc 2, bng 2)
* Tin hnh thanh lc
- Tm xp ni c ct kch thc sao cho lt va kht vo bn trong ca khay
nha. Ct nhng rnh thng sao cho cha c 15 ht la ny mm/ging la thanh lc
mn. Mt di ca tm xp ph bng li mui sao cho ht la khng b lt xung y
thau nha. (hnh 3.1)
- Cc ging la thanh lc c v trng, nhit 370C trong 48 gi la
ny mm.
- Khi cc ht la ny mm, t ht vo trong rnh ca cc tm xp. Trong ba
ngy u thanh lc, thau nha cha t nc ht la pht trin bnh thng. Khi r la
pht trin (sau 3 ngy) thay th nc bng dung dch Yoshida c nng mui l
4 v 6 . Ring i chng dung dch dinh dng s c thay sau 1 tun v lun
duy tr pH n nh (pH =5).

25

- Sau khong 2 tun thanh lc s tin hnh ghi nhn tnh chng chu mn ca cc
ging la (khi IR 29 cht hon ton).

Hnh 3.1 Ht ging c gieo trong khay

Hnh 3.2 Mui v my o nng mui

3.3.1.2. Th nghim 1b: Trng cy trong t

- Nghim thc x l mui, s ln lp li, s ging la th nghim, kiu b tr
cng tng t nh th nghim thanh lc mn trong dung dch Yoshida nu trn, ch khc
l ht la c gieo trong t, trong khay thic c kch thc l 15 x 50 x 100 cm.
* Tin hnh thanh lc
- t khng b nhim mn - phn c phi kh, bm nhuyn cho vo khay dy
khong 10cm (10 x 50 x 100cm, tng ng th tch t khong 0,05 m3/khay).
- Ht la cho ny mm v gieo thnh lung trong khay, ti nc m t cho ht
tip tc pht trin trong 3 ngy u.
- Tnh ton nc mui cn cho 1 khay: tnh ton lng nc mui cn cho 1
khay, chng ti da vo 1 gi thuyt l trong t bo ha, lng nc chim khong
50% th tch ca t. Nh th lng nc cn cho 0,05 m3 t l 25 lt (50lt x 50/100).
t trong khay b ngp nc l 2 cm, th cn cung cp thm mt lng nc l 10 lt
(0,02 x0,5 x 1m = 0,01 m3). Do cho mi khay, cn khong 35 lt nc mui chun
mn 4 hoc 6, c chia ti lm vi ln vo mi khay sao cho t b ngp
khong 2 cm. Khi th tch nc mui trn dng ht, th cc ln ti sau ch s dng
nc ti khng b nhim mn.

26

3.3.2. Th nghim : Thanh lc mn sau giai on m

- Nghim thc x l mui, s ging la th nghim, kiu b tr cng tng t
nh th nghim thanh lc mn trong dung dch Yoshida nu trn, ch khc l ht la
c gieo trong t, trong cc b c kch thc l 2,5m x 2,5m vi ba ln lp li.
- t khng b nhim mn - phn c phi kh, bm nhuyn cho vo cc b.
- Lng nc mui cn cho vo mt b c tnh ging nh th nghim thanh lc
mn trong dung dch Yoshida nu trn .
- M c gieo khong 2 tun ri cy vo b. Sau khi cy c 1 tun cho mui
vo. Sau 10 ngy m ch tiu.
3.4 Cc ch tiu v phng php theo di
3.4.1. Th nghim : Thanh lc mn nhn to giai on m
- Chiu cao cy: o 10 ngy mt ln, o cy cao nht (v chm sc cho n khi
ging IR29 cht gn nh hon ton), o t y khay n chp l cao nht theo tng ln
lp li. Ring th nghim trng cy trong t th o t mt t n chp l cao nht, tnh
trung bnh cho 2 ln lp li, n v tnh cm.
- Kh nng chu mn: Khong 3 tun sau khi thanh lc mn (khi ging IR29
cht gn nh hon ton) th ghi nhn tnh chng chu mn ca cc ging thanh lc theo
tiu chun ca IRRI (bng 3.4)
- T l sng st: ch ghi nhn mt ln th nghim trng cy trong t sau khi
ging IR 29 cht hon ton ( cy m hon ton vng, khng c m xanh)
* Cp chng chu mn c tnh nh sau:
Cp chu mn = Tng (Cp n x s cy cp n) / Tng s c th thanh lc mn
(vi n l cp thit hi t: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9).

27

Bng 3.4. Tiu chun nh gi (SES) giai on tng trng v pht trin (IRRI, 1997)
Cp

M t triu chng

nh gi

Tng trng bnh thng khng c vt chy l

Chng chu tt

Gn nh bnh thng, nhng u l hoc vi l c Chng chu

vt trng, l hi cun li.
Tng trng chm li; ht l b kh; mt vi chi b Chng chu trung bnh

cht
7

Tng trng b ngng li hon ton; hu ht l b Nhim

kh; mt vi chi b cht.
Tt c cy b cht hoc kh

Rt nhim

Ngun Gregorio v cs, 1997

* Xp nhm cc ging la chng chu mn
so snh mi tng quan gia kiu hnh v kiu gen ca cc ging la th
nghim, chng ti tm phn cc ging la vo bn nhm theo thang im sau:
Bng 3.5 : Phn nhm chng chu mn
Nhm

Phn nhm chng chu mn

Cp

Chng chu mn tt

1,0-3,0

II

Chng chu mn kh

3,1-5,0

III

Chng chu mn trung bnh

5,1-7,0

IV

Chng chu mn km

7,1-9,0

3.4.2. Th nghim: Thanh lc mn sau giai on m

* T l sng st: m 10 ngy mt ln, m ht cc cy.
* c trng v hnh thi
Quan st v nh gi cc ch tiu theo thang im nh gi ca IRRI (Standard
Evaluation Sytem For Rice 1996) v tiu chun ngnh Quy phm kho nghim ging
la 10 TCN 558 - 2002.

28

Cc ch tiu theo di:

Thn la
- Chiu cao cy: o t mt t n nh bng cao nht ca cy la trc thu
hoch 3 ngy (khng k ru ht), s cy mu l 10, n v tnh cm.
- Gc thn c theo di t khi la nhnh ti a n lm ng.
+ Cp 1: gc gia nhnh v thn chnh 0 - 150 (thng).
+ Cp 3: gc gia nhnh v thn chnh 15 - 300 (hi thng).
+ Cp 5: gc gia nhnh v thn chnh 30 - 450 (xe).
+ Cp 7: gc gia nhnh v thn chnh 45 - 600 (rt xe).
+ Cp 9: gc gia nhnh v thn chnh 60 - 900 (bt).
L la
- Gc l ng: quan st t lc tr n chn c o theo gc l ng vi thn
+ Cp 1: gc gia l ng v thn 00 < 150 (thng).
+ Cp 3: gc gia l ng v thn 150 < 300 (hi thng).
+ Cp 5: gc gia l ng v thn 300 < 450 (hi xe).
+ Cp 7: gc gia l ng v thn 450 < 600 (rt xe).
- Kch thc l ng: o chiu di, chiu rng ca 5 l ng trn mt ging v ly
trung bnh vo giai on l ng, n v tnh l cm.
- Chiu di l ng o t c l n chp l
Bng la
- Chiu di bng: o t c bng n chp bng ca 10 bng/ging trc thu
hoch 3 ngy, sau tnh trung bnh, n v tnh l cm.
Ht la
- Tng s ht/bng: m tng s ht trn bng, s cy mu 1 cy/bi; 3 ln lp li
tnh trung bnh.
* Cc ch tiu nng hc
- Chiu cao cy: o 10 ngy mt ln, o 7 cy (theo kiu cch 1 cy ly 1 cy) o
t mt t n chp l cao nht theo tng ln lp li, tnh trung bnh 3 ln lp li, n v
tnh cm.
- S nhnh: ghi nhn 10 ngy mt ln, m 7 cy nh trn, tnh trung bnh cho 3
ln lp li.

29

- S bng/ bi
- S ht chc/ bng
- T l ht lp (%) = s ht lp / tng s ht x 100
- Trng lng 1.000 ht (gram): m 2 ln 500 ht chc mi ln lp li, em
cn v tnh trung bnh 3 ln lp li, o m lc cn quy v m chun 14%.
- Nng sut thc t: gram/bi.
3.5. Phng php x l:
Phn tch thng k theo phn mm MSTATC v excel.

30

Chng 4
KT QU V THO LUN
4.1. Th nghim thanh lc mn nhn to giai on m
nh gi kh nng chng chu ca cc ging la, chng ti tin hnh th
nghim thanh lc mn 15 ging la trin vng. Kh nng chu mn c nh gi khi
ging IR 29 cht hon ton, cc ch tiu theo di s c nh gi.
4.1.1Th nghim 1a: Trng cy trong dung dch Yoshida (IRRI, 1997)
- Kt qu phn cp tnh chng chu mn theo tiu chun IRRI

S ging
10
8

10

4
2
0

0
0,4%

0,6%
Nng mui

Chu mn kh (3,1-5)

Chu mn trung bnh (5,1-7)

Nhim mn (7,1-9)

th 4.1 Thanh lc mn ca 15 ging la trong dung dch Yoshida

Kt qu th nghim th hin ti th 4.1 v bng 4.1 cho thy: nng 4
c 2 ging chu mn kh, 10 ging chu mn trung bnh v 3 ging chu mn km;
nng 6 c 8 ging chu mn trung bnh v 7 ging chu mn km. Su ging la

31

Pokkali, OM 6976, OM 6905, OM 9585, OM 5166-S2 l cc ging c kh nng chu

mn cao hn hn cc ging cn li. Ba ging la OM 5451, OM 5453, A69-1 c kh
nng chu mn kh nng 4 nhng chu mn km nng 6.
Bng 4.1 Kt qu thanh lc mn 15 ging la ti Vin La BSCL
STT

Tn ging

Trung bnh cp chng chu mn

ca 15 ging la (*)
4

01

Pokkali

5,110

6,000

02

IR 29

8,093

9,000

03

A69-1

6,567

7,267

04

OM 5166-S2

5,407

6,619

05

OM 5199 B

6,615

6,769

06

OM 5451

6,217

8,533

07

OM 5453

7,374

8,333

08

OM 5464

5,725

7,917

09

OM 5490

6,421

7,767

10

A69-1 NCM

8,000

8,833

11

OM 6976

4,600

6,857

12

OM 9584-2

5,933

6,857

13

OM 9585

5,048

6,421

14

OM 9916

6,552

6,829

15

OM 9605

4,733

6,829

(*) Ghi nhn 21 ngy sau khi x l mui

32

- ng thi tng trng chiu cao

S liu ghi nhn c bng 4.2 v bng 4.3 ph lc 2 cho thy cc ging u
c chiu cao tng tng mc x l mui. Trong chiu cao cy dao ng t 17,5 35,5 cm nng l 0. So vi ging i chng chiu cao cy gim t 1,5 - 7,8 cm
nng mui 4 v gim t 3,5 - 9,8 cm nng mui 6. Ring ging IR 29 cht
hon ton.
Bng 4.2 ng thi tng trng chiu cao ca 15 ging la trong dung dch Yoshida
STT

Tn ging

Chiu cao cy ca 15 ging la cc ngy sau gieo (NSG)

trong dung dch Yoshida
23
13 NSG

23 13

NSG 13 NSG

NSG NSG

23 NSG

01

Pokkali

25,5

35,5

23,0

27,8

22,3

25,8

02

IR 29

16,5

17,5

11,5

0,0

9,5

0,0

03

A69-1

19,5

22,0

18,3

19,5

17,8

19,0

04

OM 5166-S2

21,3

22,0

14,8

18,3

13,0

15,0

05

OM 5199 B

22,7

24,0

16,0

17,5

14,0

15,8

06

OM 5451

22,0

20,0

15,8

17,0

13,5

15,0

07

OM 5453

26,0

28,0

20,8

22,8

17,3

19,5

08

OM 5464

21,5

23,0

17,8

19,8

15,3

18,3

09

OM 5490

23,0

24,5

17,8

19,5

15,8

17,8

10

A69-1 NCM

22,0

26,0

20,5

23,8

18,0

22,5

11

OM 6976

20,5

20,5

17,0

17,5

14,5

15,8

12

OM 9584-2

23,0

26,0

18,5

23,5

15,0

19,8

13

OM 9585

23,0

24,5

16,0

19,8

14,8

16,8

14

OM 9916

19,5

20,0

17,3

18,5

15,3

16,5

15

OM 9605

21,0

23,0

18,0

21,0

16,0

19,0

33

- Kt qu phn tch chiu cao cy ca cc ging la

* Nng 4
S ging
10
8

6
4

1
4

0-10%

10-20%

20-27%

T l % chiu cao gim

Kh

Trung bnh

Nhim

th 4.2 So snh s tng quan t l gim chiu cao cy v cp chng chu mn

nng 4
Da vo kt qu ca hnh 4.2 v bng 3 ph lc 2 cho thy nng 4
chiu cao cy m c th gim ti 27% so i chng (khng x l mui). Trong nhm
ging c chiu cao cy gim t 0 - 10% so vi ging i chng, c hai ging chu mn
trung bnh (OM9584-2, OM 9916) c hai ging nhim mn (A69-1 NCM, OM9605).
Nhm ging c chiu cao gim t 10 - 20% c bn ging chu mn kh (OM9585, OM
5453, OM 6976, A69-1) v nm ging chu mn trung bnh (OM 5490, OM 5166-S2,
OM 5451, OM 5464, OM9584-2). Nhm ging c t l chiu cao gim trn 20% c ba
ging chu mn trung bnh (OM 5199 B, Pokkali, OM 5490) v mt ging nhim (IR
29).

34

* Nng 6

S ging
8
6

10-20%

20-30%

30-34%

T l % chiu cao gim

Kh

Trung bnh

Nhim

th 4.3 So snh s tng quan vi t l gim chiu cao cy v cp chng chu mn

nng 6
Kt qu ca hnh 4.3 v bng 4 ph lc 2 cho thy nng 6 chiu cao cy
m c th gim ti 34% so i chng (khng x l mui). Trong nhm ging c chiu
cao cy gim t 10-20% so vi ging i chng, hai ging chu mn trung bnh (OM
9916, OM9605), hai ging nhim (A69-1, A69-1 NCM). Nhm ging c chiu cao gim
t 20 -30% c ging chu mn trung bnh (Pokkali, OM9584-2, OM 6976) v bn ging
nhim mn (OM 5490, OM 5451, OM 5453, OM 5464). Nhm ging c chiu cao gim
hn 30% c ba ging chu mn trung bnh (OM 5199 B, OM 5166-S2, OM9585) v
hai ging nhim (IR 29, OM 5453).
4.1.2 Th nghim 1b: Trng cy trong t
- ng thi tng trng chiu cao
Da vo bng 4.3, bng 5 v bng 6 ph lc 2 cho thy cc ging u c chiu
cao tng tng mc x l mui. Trong chiu cao cy dao ng t 27 - 68 cm
nng l 0. So vi ging i chng chiu cao cy gim t 6,2 - 21 cm nng
mui 4 v gim t 7,5 - 25 cm nng mui 6. Ring IR 29 cht hon ton.

35

Bng 4.3 ng thi tng trng chiu cao m ca cc ging la thanh lc mn trong
iu kin nh li (cm)
Chiu cao ca 15 ging la cc ngy sau gieo

STT Tn ging

(NSG) trong khay t

13 NSG

23 NSG

13 NSG

23 NSG

13 NSG

23 NSG

01

Pokkali

45,0

68,0

27,5

41,3

25,5

40,0

02

IR 29

23,0

40,5

12,5

0,0

9,5

0,0

03

A69-1

21,0

27,0

19,0

22,0

14,5

19,5

04

OM 5166-S2

24,0

35,0

18,3

23,5

16,3

20,8

05

OM 5199 B

30,0

44,0

20,5

28,3

18,5

24,5

06

OM 5451

27,0

35,0

15,0

16,5

12,5

14,8

07

OM 5453

25,0

35,0

15,0

17,0

13,5

15,0

08

OM 5464

22,0

34,0

17,0

18,3

15,0

16,5

09

OM 5490

22,0

36,0

16,5

17,3

14,3

15,0

10

A69-1 NCM

25,0

39,0

17,3

26,0

15,0

23,0

11

OM 6976

25,0

39,0

17,8

20,8

15,5

18,0

12

OM 9584-2

22,0

35,0

15,5

17,0

7,0

10,0

13

OM 9585

27,0

41,0

20,0

21,0

18,0

19,0

14

OM 9916

25,0

36,0

13,5

15,0

12,0

13,8

15

OM 9605

24,0

32,0

17,0

19,8

16,5

17,8

- T l sng st (TLSS): TLSS th hin kh nng chu mn ca tng ging. TLSS cng
cao chng t rng ging thch nghi vi iu kin sng cao. Kt qu ca bng 4.4 cho
thy:
* Nng 4: c 8 ging c t l sng st thuc nhm trn 60 - 100% gm cc ging
l: Pokkali, A69-1 NCM, A69-1, OM 6976, OM 5166-S2, OM 5451, OM 9916,
OM9584-2. Nhm c t l sng st t 30 - 60% c 6 ging gm OM 5199 B, OM
5453, OM 5464, OM 5490, OM9585, OM9605 v 1 ging c t l sng st di 30% l
IR 29.

36

* Nng 6: c 5 ging c t l sng st trn 60% gm cc ging Pokkali, A69-1

NCM, A69-1, OM 6976. Nhm c t l sng st t 30 - 60% gm OM 5166-S2, OM
9916, OM 5451, OM 9584-2, OM 5453, OM 5464, OM 9585, OM 9605, OM 5490, OM
5199 B v 1 ging c t l sng st di 30% l IR 29.
Bng 4.4 T l sng st (TLSS) ca cc ging la sau th nghim:
STT

Tn ging

TLSS (%) ca cc ging la sau th nghim

giai on m trong khay t (*)
0

01

Pokkali

100

83

80

02

IR 29

77

03

A69-1

100

77

67

04

OM 5166-S2

100

70

60

05

OM 5199 B

73

53

30

06

OM 5451

100

70

47

07

OM 5453

100

53

40

08

OM 5464

100

53

40

09

OM 5490

83

53

33

10

A69-1 NCM

100

80

73

11

OM 6976

100

73

67

12

OM 9584-2

100

60

40

13

OM 9585

100

53

40

14

OM 9916

100

67

57

15

OM 9605

100

53

40

(*) Ghi nhn 21 ngy sau khi x l mui

37

- Mc khng mn giai on m
S ging
14
12
10

14
12

8
6
4
2
0

0,4%

0,6%
Nng mn

Kh (< cp 5)

Trung bnh (5-7)

Nhim (cp 7-9)

th 4.4 Thanh lc mn 15 ging la trong khay t

th 4.4 v bng 5, bng 6 ph lc 2 cho thy nng mui 4 c mt
ging nhim mn l IR 29 cn cc ging cn li u chu mn kh. Nng 6 c 1
ging nhim mn l IR 29, c 2 ging chu mn trung bnh l OM 5490 v OM 9916.
Cn li 12 ging cho kh nng chu mn kh.
Nh vy nng 4 c 2 ging OM 5490 v OM 9916 cho kh nng chu
mn kh nhng nng 6 th hai ging ny li cho kh nng chu mn km. Mc
d cc ging vn cho kh nng chu mn kh nng mui 6 nhng cp chu mn
li li gim t nng mui 4 sang nng 6.
4.2. Th nghim thanh lc mn sau giai on m
nh gi kh nng chu mn, cc c tnh nng hc, nng sut v cc yu t
cu thnh nng sut, chng ti tin hnh th nghim thanh lc mn sau giai on m. Cc
ch tiu theo di s c nh gi trong qu trnh tin hnh th nghim

38

4.2.1 Cc c trng v hnh thi

Bng 4.5 c trng v hnh thi ca cc ging la th nghim i chng (0)
TT

Tn ging

Thn la

L la

Bng
la

(L ng)

Chiu

Gc

Chiu

cao cy

thn

Chiu

Chiu

Gc l

(cm)

(cp)

di (cm)

rng

ng

(cm)

(cp)

di (cm)

01

Pokkali

137,0

47,2

1,5

31,1

02

IR 29

100,3

21,9

1,8

22,4

03

A69-1

106,6

27,2

1,6

22,8

04

OM 5166-S2

94,2

25,8

1,5

19,8

05

OM 5199 B

112,2

29,2

1,6

22,8

06

OM 5451

109,7

25,5

1,6

22,4

07

OM 5453

110,0

20,2

1,4

20,5

08

OM 5464

102,8

27,8

1,6

22,8

09

OM 5490

111,3

26,2

1,5

23,8

10

A69-1 NCM

92,4

23,4

1,5

22,7

11

OM 6976

102,8

29,0

1,5

22,1

12

OM 9584-2

103,6

28,7

1,6

22,2

13

OM 9585

108,0

22,0

1,7

21,9

14

OM 9916

91,4

24,0

1,7

18,2

15

OM 9605

94,8

37,0

1,6

23,4

* Thn la
- Chiu cao cy: chiu cao cy ca cc ging la giao ng t 91,4 cm n 137
cm. Trong ging c chiu cao cao nht l Pokkali, thp nht l OM 9916.
- Gc thn: Gc thn lin quan n mt cy v cc yu t k thut. Gc thn
cng gn th c th gia tng mt cy tng s bng/m2 qua tng nng sut v
ngc li. Tt c cc ging la kho nghim u c gc thn cp 1 nn c th tng nng
sut bng cch tng mt hp l.

39

* L la: (l ng)
L la c lin quan kh nng nhn nh sng quang hp tch ly cht kh
cho cy la, l la thng ng th din tch hp thu nh sng nhiu nn kh nng quang
hp to cht kh cao v ngc li. Tt c cc ging c gc l ng u na thng n
thng hi thng v vy c th gia tng nng sut.
Kch thc l ng c ngha quan trng trong vic nhn nh sng quang hp
to cht kh cho cy la.
- Chiu di l ng: Bin ng t 20,2 cm (ging OM 5453) n 47,2 cm (ging
Pokkali)
- Gc l ng: Cc ging la c gc l ng t thng n hi thng so vi trc
thng ng ca thn.
4.2.2 T l sng st: (TLSS)
TLSS th hin kh nng chu mn ca tng ging. Ging c t l sng st cng
cao cng chng t ging thch nghi vi iu kin sng cao

40

- i vi nng 0
Bng 4.6 TLSS ca 15 ging nng 0
STT

T l sng st (%) nng 0 cc NSC

Tn ging

13 NSC

23 NSC

33 NSC

43 NSC

53 NSC

01

Pokkali

100

100

100

100

100

02

IR 29

67

67

67

67

67

03

A69-1

100

100

100

100

100

04

OM 5166-S2

100

100

100

100

100

05

OM 5199 B

100

100

100

100

100

06

OM 5451

100

100

100

100

100

07

OM 5453

93

93

93

93

93

08

OM 5464

73

73

73

73

73

09

OM 5490

93

93

93

93

93

10

A69-1 NCM

100

100

100

100

100

11

OM 6976

100

100

100

100

100

12

OM 9584-2

100

100

100

100

100

13

OM 9585

100

100

100

100

100

14

OM 9916

100

100

100

100

100

15

OM9605

100

100

100

100

100

Kt qu bng 4.6 cho thy t l sng st ca cc ging la n nh trong sut giai

on th nghim.Hu ht cc ging c t l sng st cao. Ring ging IR 29 c TLSS
67% v OM 5464 c TLSS 73% thp hn so vi cc ging cn li. Nguyn nhn l do
nhng sai st trong qu trnh nh m v cy m.

41

- i vi nng 4
Bng 4.7 TLSS ca 15 ging la nng 4
STT

T l sng st (%) nng 4 cc NSC

Tn ging

13 NSC

23 NSC

33 NSC

43 NSC

53 NSC

01

Pokkali

93

93

80

80

80

02

IR 29

47

03

A69-1

87

73

67

67

67

04

OM 5166-S2

87

73

67

67

67

05

OM 5199 B

67

53

40

40

40

06

OM 5451

67

53

40

40

40

07

OM 5453

80

73

67

67

67

08

OM 5464

80

73

67

67

67

09

OM 5490

67

53

40

40

40

10

A69-1 NCM

93

93

80

80

80

11

OM 6976

93

93

87

87

87

12

OM9584-2

87

73

67

67

67

13

OM9585

73

67

53

53

53

14

OM 9916

73

67

53

53

53

15

OM9605

80

70

53

53

53

Kt qu ca bng 4.7 cho thy nng 4 TLSS ca cc ging cao nht l

giai on 13NSC, bt u gim vo giai on 13- 23NSC v n nh giai on t
33NSC tr v sau. Ring IR 29 vn tip tc gim TLSS v cht hon ton vo giai on
23 NSC.

42

- i vi nng 6
Bng 4.8 TLSS ca 15 ging la nng 6
STT

Tn ging

T l sng st (%) ca nng 6 cc NSC

13 NSC

23 NSC

33 NSC

43 NSC

53 NSC

01

Pokkali

73

60

53

53

53

02

IR 29

33

03

A69-1

67

53

40

40

40

04

OM 5166-S2

80

53

33

33

33

05

OM 5199 B

60

47

27

27

27

06

OM 5451

53

40

27

27

27

07

OM 5453

60

47

40

40

40

08

OM 5464

60

47

33

33

33

09

OM 5490

53

47

27

27

27

10

A69-1 NCM

73

67

43

43

43s

11

OM 6976

87

73

53

53

53

12

OM9584-2

73

53

33

33

33

13

OM9585

73

53

33

33

33

14

OM 9916

67

47

33

33

33

15

OM9605

67

40

27

27

27

Kt qu bng 4.8 cho thy 13 NSC TLSS ca IR 29 ch cn 33%, ch cn 20%

23 NSC v cht hon ton sau 23 NSC. Hai ging c kh nng chu mn cao nht l
Pokkali v OM 6976 cho TLSS 53% 33 NSC.
4.2.3 ng thi tng trng chiu cao
Chiu cao cy l c tnh di truyn ca tng ging. Tuy nhin, cc ging thch
nghi v chng chu mn tt th c thi gian sng st cao hn v thn cy pht trin hn
cc ging khc.
-

43

i vi nng 0
160

cm
Pokkali

140

IR 29

120

OM 5166-S2

A69-1
OM 5199 B

100

OM 5451

80

OM 5453

60

OM 5490

OM 5464
A69-1 NCM

40

OM 6976
OM 9584-2

20

OM 9585
OM 9916

0
13

23

33

43

53 NSC

OM 9605

th 4.5 ng thi tng trng chiu cao ca 15 ging la nng 0

Kt qu ca th 4.5 v bng 7 ph lc 2 cho thy giai on 13 - 23 NSC hu
ht cc ging u c chiu cao tng nhanh nht, vi tc tng trng chiu cao bin
ng t 10,6 cm (ging A69-1 NCM) n 27 cm (ging Pokkali), v y l giai on
nhnh ca cc ging la. Giai on 33 - 43 ngy tng chm, vi tc tng trng chiu
cao bin ng t 4,1 cm (ging OM 9916) n 17 cm (ging Pokkali ) v sau 53 ngy
cc ging la khng tng na v tt c cc ging la tr hon ton.

44

i vi nng 4
cm

Pokkali

160

IR 29
A69-1

140

OM 5166-S2

120

OM 5199 B
OM 5451

100

OM 5453
OM 5464

80

OM 5490

60

A69-1 NCM
OM 6976

40

OM9584-2

20

OM9585
OM 9916

OM9605

13

23

33

43

53

NSC

th 4.6 ng thi tng trng chiu cao ca 15 ging la nng 4

Kt qu ca th 4.6 v bng 8 ph lc 2 cho thy giai on 13 - 23 NSC hu
ht cc ging u c chiu cao tng nhanh nht, vi tc tng trng chiu cao bin
ng t 14,3 cm (ging OM 5490) n 28,2 cm (ging Pokkali). Giai on 33 - 43 ngy
tng chm, vi tc tng trng chiu cao bin ng t 3,9 cm (ging A69-1 NCM)
n 17 cm (ging OM 5453) v sau 53 ngy cc ging la khng tng na.

45

i vi nng 6
140

Pokkali

cm

IR 29

120

A69-1

100

OM 5199 B

OM 5166-S2
OM 5451

80

OM 5453
OM 5464

60

OM 5490

40

A69-1 NCM
OM 6976

20

OM9584-2

OM9585

13

23

33

43

53 NSC

OM 9916
OM9605

th 4.7 ng thi tng trng chiu cao ca 15 ging la nng 6

Kt qu ca th 4.7 v bng 9 ph lc 2 cho thy giai on 13 - 23 NSC hu
ht cc ging u c chiu cao tng nhanh nht, vi tc tng trng chiu cao bin
ng t 9,2 cm (ging OM 9605) n 26,9 cm (ging Pokkali). Giai on 33 - 43 ngy
tng chm, vi tc tng trng chiu cao bin ng t 3 cm (ging Pokkali) n 14,5
cm (ging OM 5166-S2) v sau 53 ngy cc ging la khng tng na.

46

4.2.4 ng thi nhnh:

- i vi nng 0
nhnh/bi

Pokkali

16

IR 29
A69-1

14

OM 5166-S2

12

OM 5199 B

10

OM 5451

OM 5464

OM 5453
OM 5490

A69-1 NCM

OM 6976

OM9584-2
OM9585

0
13

23

33

43

53

NSC

OM 9916
OM9605

th 4.8 ng thi nhnh ca 15 ging la nng 0

Kt qu ca th 4.8 v bng 10 ph lc 2 cho thy cc ging la nhnh tp
trung v ti a vo giai on 13 - 23 NSC trong OM 5451 c kh nng nhnh cao
nht vi 15 nhnh/bi. Da vo c tnh nhnh ca cc ging la m c k thut canh
tc hp l trnh nhnh v hiu.

47

i vi nng 4
Nhnh/bi
12

Pokkali
IR 29
A69-1

10

OM 5166-S2
OM 5199 B

OM 5451

OM 5453

OM 5490

OM 5464
A69-1 NCM

OM 6976
OM 9584-2

OM 9585

13

23

33

43

53 NSC

OM 9916
OM 9605

th 4.9 ng thi nhnh ca 15 ging la nng 4

Kt qu ca th 4.9 v bng 11 ph lc 2 cho thy cc ging la nhnh tp
trung v ti a vo giai on 13- 23 NSC trong ging A69-1 c kh nng nhnh
cao nht vi 10,9 nhnh/bi.Giai on ny cng l giai on c tc nhnh cao nht
vi 2,5 cm (ging OM 5490).Cc giai on sau tc nhnh u chm li. Giai on
33- 43 NSC cc nhnh v hiu b thoi ha, y l im c trng ca cy la .Ring IR
29 th cht hon ton vo giai on 23 NSC.

48

i vi nng 6
Nhnh/bi

Pokkali
IR 29

9
8
7

A69-1
OM 5166-S2
OM 5199 B

6
5
4
3

OM 5451

2
1
0

OM 6976

OM 5453
OM 5464
OM 5490
A69-1 NCM
OM 9584-2
OM 9585

13

23

33

43

53

NSC

OM 9916
OM 9605

th 4.10 ng thi nhnh ca 15 ging la nng 6

Kt qu ca th 4.10 v bng 12 ph lc 1 cho thy cc ging la nhnh
tp trung v ti a vo giai on 13 - 23 NSC trong ging A69-1 c kh nng
nhnh cao nht vi 8,6 nhnh/bi. Ring IR 29 th cht hon ton vo giai on 23 NSC.

49

4.2.5 Nng sut v cc yu t cu thnh nng sut:

- i vi nng 0
Bng 4.9 Nng sut v cc yu t cu thnh nng sut nng 0
Tn ging

Trng
S

Tng

T l

lng

Nng sut

bng/bi

ht

ht lp

1000

thc thu

(bng)

ht

chc/bng

(%)

ht (gram)

(gram/bi)

(ht)

(ht)

Pokkali

7,0

148,7

122,7

17

24

17,7 b

IR 29

8,0

112,2

98,3

12

24

7,7

A69-1

10,0

199,7

159,6

20

26

10,3

OM 5166-S2

6,0

123,3

105,0

15

26

8,5

OM 5199 B

9,0

134,0

100,3

25

26

10,9

OM 5451

9,8

127,7

95,6

25

26

13,1 c

OM 5453

7,0

111,7

92,3

17

24

OM 5464

10,0

171,3

133,1

22

28

18,6 ab

OM 5490

9,5

156,0

121,0

22

26

19,6 a

A69-1 NCM

10,5

104,0

89,7

14

28

11,8 d

OM 6976

7,1

155,7

121,1

22

26

11,3 de

OM9584-2

8,0

153,0

114,7

25

26

11,4 de

OM9585

6,5

144,3

117,4

19

26

10,6

OM 9916

7,1

138,0

102,4

26

24

9,9

fg

OM9605

6,0

170,3

131,6

23

22

9,3

gh

i
efg
hi
def

8,3

CV (%)

4,25

LSD 0,01

1,14

hi

ef

Trong cng mt ct theo sau cc s bi cng mt ch l khc bit khng c ngha

mc 0,01 theo php th LSD

50

Nng sut thc thu

Nng sut thc thu ca su ging bin ng t 7,7 n 19,6 gram/bi. Ging t
nng sut cao nht l OM 5490. Ging OM 5464 t nng sut tng ng nhng
khng c ngha thng k. Ging IR 29 l ging thu c nng sut thp nht l 7,7
gram/bi.
S bng/bi
S bng/bi l yu t rt quan trng v c th iu chnh lm tng nng sut
la. Ging A69-1 NCM t s bng/bi cao nht l 10,5 bng/bi. Ging OM 9605 t
s bng/bi thp nht l 6 bng/bi.
Tng s ht/bng
Ging A69-1 t tng s ht trn bng cao nht l 199,7 ht. Ging OM 5453 c
tng s ht trn bng thp nht l 111,7 ht.
S ht chc/bng
S ht chc/bng cng l yu t quyt nh n nng sut ca cy la, ph thuc
ging, iu kin mi trng v k thut canh tc. S ht chc trn bng bin ng t
89,7 (ging A69-1 NCM ) n 159,6 (ging A69-1).
T l ht lp
T l ht lp ph thuc rt ln vo mi trng c bit l vo giai on tr.
Ging c t l lp thp nht l IR 29 c t l lp l 12%, ging c t l lp cao nht l
OM 9916 vi t l lp l 26%.
Trng lng 1000 ht
Trng lng 1000 ht ph thuc vo yu t di truyn ca ging l ch yu, tuy
nhin n vn chu tc ng ca iu kin ngoi cnh. Ging OM 5464 v ging A69-1
NCM l hai ging c trng lng 1000 ht cao nht l 28 gram.

51

- i vi nng 4
Bng 4.10 Nng sut v cc yu t cu thnh nng sut nng 4
ST

Tn ging

Tng

Ht

T l

Trng

Nng sut

bng/

s ht

chc/bng

ht

lng

thc thu

bi

/bng

(ht)

lp

1000 ht

(gram/bi)

(bng)

(ht)

(%)

(gram)

01

Pokkali

5,5

130,3

103,3

21

22,0

11,6 a

02

IR 29

0,0

0,0

0,0

0,0

0,0

03

A69-1

4,0

171,2

121,5

29

22,5

8,5 b

04

OM 5166-S2

4,4

109,7

93,8

14

23,5

6,9

05

OM 5199 B

4,7

120,5

88,0

27

22,0

8,3 bc

06

OM 5451

4,5

117,3

80,6

31

22,0

7,8 bcde

07

OM 5453

4,0

101,7

84,2

17

21,0

6,3

08

OM 5464

5,9

134,0

100,6

25

21,0

8,8 b

09

OM 5490

5,1

138,2

115,4

16

20,0

6,4

10

A69-1 NCM

5,3

96,9

83,7

14

23,5

9,0 b

11

OM 6976

4,0

145,3

111,2

23

20,0

8,1 bcd

12

OM 9584-2

4,0

149,8

97,5

35

22,0

6,7

ef

13

OM 9585

3,2

130,5

97,3

25

21,0

6,1

14

OM 9916

3,2

128,5

100,1

22

20,0

7,1 cdef

15

OM 9605

3,2

150,9

130,3

14

20,0

6,0 f

CV (%)

8,46

LSD 0,01

1,37

g
def

f
f

Trong cng mt ct theo sau cc s bi cng mt ch l khc bit khng c ngha

mc 1% theo php th LSD
Kt qu ca bng 4.10 cho thy nng 4 ging cho nng sut cao nht l Pokkali
(11,6 gram/bi). Cc ging A69-1 NCM, OM 5464, A69-1, OM 5199 B, OM 6976,
OM 5451 vi nng sut tng ng nhau v bin ng t 7,8 - 9 gram. Nhng khng
c ngha v mt thng k. Ging IR 29 cht hon ton sau 23 NSC nn khng thu
c nng sut.

52

- i vi nng 6
Bng 4.11 Nng sut v cc yu t cu thnh nng sut nng 6
ST

Tn ging

Tng

S ht

T l

Trng

Nng sut

bng/

s ht

chc/bng

ht lp

lng

thc thu

bi

(ht)

(ht)

(%)

1000

(gram/bi)

(bng)

ht
(gram)

01

Pokkali

4,0

83,5

48,43

42

22

6,4 a

02

IR 29

0,0

0,0

0,00

0,0

03

A69-1

2,5

78,4

31,36

60

22,5

4,0 bc

04

OM 5166-S2

2,0

73,7

40,54

45

23,5

2,7

efg

05

OM 5199 B

2,3

71,3

45,63

36

22

2,5

efg

06

OM 5451

2,0

70,7

42,42

40

22

4,4 b

07

OM 5453

2,0

70,0

44,80

36

21

3,0

08

OM 5464

3,0

73,0

36,50

50

21

4,1 bc

09

OM 5490

3,0

76,3

38,91

49

20

3,1

10

A69-1 NCM

3,0

83,2

50,75

39

23,5

11

OM 6976

2,0

79,9

47,94

40

20

4,4 b

12

OM 9584-2

2,5

76,1

44,90

41

22

3,1

13

OM 9585

2,0

69,7

35,55

49

21

2,5

efg

14

OM 9916

2,0

71,2

44,14

38

20

2,3

fg

15

OM 9605

2,0

70,5

37,37

47

20

2,0

def
de

3,5 cd

CV (%)

10,64

LSD0,01

0,76

de

Trong cng mt ct theo sau cc s bi cng mt ch l khc bit khng c ngha

mc 0,01 theo php th LSD
Kt qu ca bng 4.11 cho thy nng 6 ging cho nng sut cao nht l Pokkali
(6,4 gram/bi). Cc ging OM 6976, OM 5451, OM 5464, A69-1, vi nng sut tng
ng nhau v bin ng t 4,0 - 4,4 gram. Nhng khng c ngha v mt thng k.
Ging IR 29 cht hon ton sau 23 NSC nn khng thu c nng sut.

53

Chng 5
KT LUN V NGH
5.1 Kt lun
Thng qua th nghim thanh lc mn trc v sau giai on m ca 15 ging la th
nghim vi ba mc thanh lc l 0, 4 v 6 c th kt lun nh sau:
1) 14 ging la u c kh nng chu mn nng t 4- 6 ring IR 29 l ging
chun nhim nn b cht hon ton vo giai on sau 23 ngy tin hnh thanh lc.
2) Kh nng chu mn v t l sng st ca cc ging la t l thun vi nhau.
Ging c t l sng st cng cao chng t ging cng thch nghi vi iu kin
sng.
3) Chiu cao cy v kh nng chu mn t l nghch vi nhau. Nng mui cng
cao th chiu cao cy cng gim.
4) Qua kt qu thu c t nng sut ca cc ging la th nghim chn ra c
4 ging la trin vng l OM 6976, A69-1 NCM, OM 5464, OM 5451 c cc c
tnh nng hc v hnh thi tt, nng sut vt tri v c kh nng chu mn cao
nht so vi cc ging cn li trong th nghim.
5.2 ngh
- Tip tc tin hnh thanh lc nhng ging c nh gi c kh nng chu mn nhng
vng t mn nh gi kh nng chng chu ca cc ging la chnh xc hn.
- Qua kt qu thanh lc mn trc v sau giai on m, cc ging: OM 6976, A69-1
NCM, OM 5464, OM 5451 cho kt qu sng st v nng sut cao, do cn a cc
ging ny kho nghim sn xut trn ng rung nhim mn a vo sn xut i tr.

54

TI LIU THAM KHO

Ting Vit
1. Nguyn Ngc , Gio trnh cy la NXB HQGTPHCM xut bn 2009, 338 trang.
2. Hong Kim, 2010. Bi ging Cy Lng thc (la, ng, sn, khoai lang) lu hnh ni
b, Trng i hc Nng Lm TP. H Ch Minh. 279 trang. Dy v hc ti
http://cayluongthuc.blogspot.com,
http://fa.hcmuaf.edu.vn/hoangkim,
http://foodcrops.vn v http://foodcrops.blogspot.com
3. L Minh Trit, 2006. Bi ging mn hc cy la. Cha xut bn, 129 trang.
4. Nguyn Trung, 2009. Bin i kh hu tc ng ra sao n va la sng Cu Long.
5. Nguyn Trung Tin v ctv., 2009. Bo co kt qu thanh lc mn mt s ging lu
trin vng ang sn xut, v h thu 2009, tnh Kin Giang.
6. Phm Trung Ngha (2010). Nghin cu chn to ging la chng chu mn v phm
cht tt cho ng bng Sng Cu Long v pha Bc. Thuyt minh tng th ti
nghin cu khoa hc v pht trin cng ngh, Vin La ng Bng Sng Cu
Long.
Internet
1. Faostat, 2011. http://faostat.fao.org/site/339/default.aspx
2. Faostat, 2011. http://faostat.fao.org/site/567/DesktopDefault.aspx?PageID=567#ancor
3. Gentraco, 2011 Tun qua, gi go trn nhiu th trng chu xu th tng
mnh.
http://www.gentraco.com.vn/vn/tin-tuc/tuan-qua-gia-gao-tren-nhieu-thi-truong-chau-ada-o-xu-the-tang-manh.html
4. Hip hi Lng thc Vit Nam, 2011.Nhng tng trng quan trng.
http://www.vietfood.org.vn/vn/newwindow.aspx?n=907
5. Th trng la go, 2011. WSJ gi go c th tng 5-10 USD/tn .
http://www.thitruongluagao.com/quoc-te/wsj-gia-gao-co-the-tang-khoang-5-10usdtan.html
6. Tng cc thng k, 2011. Din tch v sn lng la c nm.
http://www.gso.gov.vn/default.aspx?tabid=390&idmid=3&ItemID=10038
7. Tng cc thng k, 2011.Nng sut la c nm phn theo a phng.
http://www.gso.gov.vn/default.aspx?tabid=390&idmid=3&ItemID=10036

55

PH LC
Ph lc 1 Hnh nh th nghim

Ph lc 1 hnh 1:Thanh lc mn trong phng bng dung dch Yoshida

56

Ph lc 1 hnh 2: Thanh lc mn giai on m ngoi nh li

57

Ph lc 1 hnh 3: Thanh lc mn sau giai on m.

58

Ph lc 2 Bng th nghim
Ph lc 2 Bng 1: Chun b dung dch m ca mi trng Yoshida (Yoshida v ctv,
1976)
Nguyn t
Macronutrient
N
P
K
Ca
Mg
Micronutrient
thm

Ha cht

Lng cn
(g/4Ldd m)

365,6
Ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3)
Sodium phosphate, monobasic monohydrate
142,4
(NaH2PO4.H2O)
285,6
Potassium sulfate (K2SO4)
469,4
Calcium sulfate, dehydrate (CaCl2.2H2O)
Magnesium sulfate, 7-hydrate (MgSO4.7H2O) 1.296,0
Ha tan ln lt tng nhm cht vi 2L nc ct, sau

200ml H2SO4 cui cng ln th tch 4L.

Mn
Manganous chloride, 4-hydrate
(MnCl2.4H2O)
Mo
Ammonium molybdate, 4-hydrate
[(NH4)6Mo7O24.H2O]
Zn
Zinc sulfate, 7-hydrate (ZnSO4.7H2O)
B
Boric acid (H3BO3)
Cu
Cupric sulfate, 5-hydrate (CuSO4.5H2O)
Fe
Ferric chloride, 6-hydrate (FeCl3.6H2O)
Citric acid, monohydrate (C6H8O7.H2O) 47,60
Ngun : Yoshida v ctv, 1976

6,000
0,296
0,140
3,736
0,124
30,800

59

Ph lc 2 Bng 2: Chun b mi trng dinh dng Yoshida cho thanh lc mn

Nguyn t

Ha Cht

mL stock/ 360l mi
trng dinh dng

Khong a lng
N
NH4NO3
P
NaH2PO4.H2O
K
K2SO4
Ca
CaCl2.2H2O
Mg
MgSO4.7H2O
Khoang vi lng
Mn
MnCl2.4H2O
Mo
(NH4)6Mo7O24.H2O
Zn
ZnSO4.7H2O
B
H3BO3
Cu
CuSO4.5H2O
Fe
FeCl3.6H2O
Ngun : Yoshida v ctv, 1976

Lng c mi
trong mi trng
(ppm)

450
450
450
450
450

40
40
40
40
40
0,50
0,05
0,01
0,20
0,01
2,00

450

Ph lc 2 Bng 3 Bng so snh t l % chiu cy gim v mc phn cp nng 4

Tn ging

Chiu cao cy
C (cm)

Nng mui 4
Chiu
cao cy
(cm)

Pokkali
IR 29
A69-1
OM 5166-S2
OM 5199 B
OM 5451
OM 5453
OM 5464
OM 5490
A69-1 NCM
OM 6976
OM 9584-2
OM 9585
OM 9916
OM 9605

35,5
17,5
22,0
22,0
24,0
20,0
28,0
23,0
24,5
26,0
20,5
26,0
24,5
20,0
23,0

23,0
11,5
18,3
14,8
16,0
15,8
20,8
17,8
17,8
20,5
17,0
18,5
16,0
17,3
18,0

chiu cao
T l %
cy gim so cao gim
vi C (cm)
(%)
7,8
17,5
2,5
3,8
6,5
3,0
5,3
3,3
5,0
2,3
3,0
2,5
4,8
1,5
2,0

22
100
11
17
27
15
19
14
20
9
15
10
19
8
9

Cp chu mn

5,210
8,093
6,567
5,407
6,615
6,217
7,374
5,725
6,421
8,000
4,600
5,933
5,048
6,552
4,733

60

Ph lc 2 Bng 4. Bng so snh t l % chiu cy gim v mc phn cp nng 6

STT

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15

Tn ging

Pokkali
IR 29
A69-1
OM 5166-S2
OM 5199 B
OM 5451
OM 5453
OM 5464
OM 5490
A69-1 NCM
OM 6976
OM 9584-2
OM 9585
OM 9916
OM 9605

Chiu cao
cy C
(cm)
35,5
17,5
22,0
22,0
24,0
20,0
28,0
23,0
24,5
26,0
20,5
26,0
24,5
20,0
23,0

Chiu
cao cy
(cm)
25,8
0,0
19,0
15,0
15,8
15,0
19,5
18,3
17,8
22,5
15,8
19,8
16,8
16,5
19,0

Nng mui
Chiu cao
T l %
cy gim so
chiu cao
vi C (cm) gim (%)
9,8
27
17,5
100
3,0
14
7,0
32
8,3
34
5,0
25
8,5
30
4,8
21
6,8
28
3,5
13
4,8
23
6,3
24
7,8
32
3,5
18
4,0
17

Cp chu
mn
6,000
9,000
7,267
6,619
6,769
8,533
8,333
7,917
7,767
8,833
6,857
6,857
6,421
6,829
6,829

61

Ph lc 1 Bng 5. So snh t l % chiu cy gim, t l sng st v mc phn cp

nng 4
Tn ging

Pokkali
IR 29
A69-1
OM 5166-S2
OM 5199 B
OM 5451
OM 5453
OM 5464
OM 5490
A69-1 NCM
OM 6976
OM 9584-2
OM 9585
OM 9916
OM 9605

Nng 4

Chiu
cao i
chng
(cm)

Chiu
cao (cm)

68,0
40,5
27,0
35,0
44,0
35,0
35,0
34,0
36,0
39,0
39,0
35,0
41,0
36,0
32,0

51,0
0,0
20,8
23,5
28,3
16,5
17,0
18,3
17,3
26,0
20,8
17,0
21,0
15,0
19,8

Chiu
cao gim
so vi c
(cm)
17,0
40,5
6,2
11,5
15,8
18,5
18,0
15,8
18,8
13,0
18,3
18,0
20,0
21,0
12,3

T l
chiu
cao gim
(%)
25
0
23
33
36
53
51
46
52
33
47
51
49
58
38

Cp
3
9
3
3
3
5
5
5
5
3
3
5
5
5
3

T l Cp
sng
st
(%)
83
1
0
9
77
3
70
3
53
5
70
3
53
5
53
5
53
5
80
1
73
3
60
5
53
5
67
3
53
5

TB
cp
1-3
9
3
3
3-5
3-5
5
5
5
1-3
3
5
5
3-5
3-5

62

Ph lc 2 Bng 6 So snh t l % chiu cy gim,t l sng st v mc phn cp nng

6
Tn ging

Pokkali
IR 29
A69-1
OM 5166-S2
OM 5199 B
OM 5451
OM 5453
OM 5464
OM 5490
A69-1 NCM
OM 6976
OM 9584-2
OM 9585
OM 9916
OM 9605

Chiu
cao i Chiu
chng cao (cm)
(cm)
68,0
40,5
27,0
35,0
44,0
35,0
35,0
34,0
36,0
39,0
39,0
35,0
41,0
36,0
32,0

48,0
0,0
19,5
20,8
24,5
14,8
15,0
16,5
15,0
23,0
18,0
10,0
19,0
13,8
17,8

Nng 6
Chiu cao
T l %
gim so
chiu cao Cp
vi i
gim (%)
chng (cm)
20,0
29
3
40,5
100
9
7,5
28
3
14,3
41
5
19,5
44
5
20,3
58
5
20,0
57
5
17,5
51
5
21,0
58
5
16,0
41
5
21,0
54
5
25,0
71
7
22,0
54
5
22,3
62
7
14,3
45
5

T l
sng
st
(%)
80
0
67
60
40
47
40
40
33
73
67
40
40
57
40

Cp

TB
cp

1
9
3
3
5
5
5
5
7
3
3
5
5
5
5

1-3
9
3
3-5
5
5
5
5
5-7
3-5
3-5
5-7
5
5-7
5

63

Ph lc 2 Bng 7. Tc tng trng chiu cao nng 0

STT Tn ging
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15

Pokkali
IR 29
A69-1
OM 5166-S2
OM 5199 B
OM 5451
OM 5453
OM 5464
OM 5490
A69-1 NCM
OM 6976
OM 9584-2
OM9585
OM 9916
OM9605

Tc tng trng chiu cao cc NSC ca 0

13-23 NSC
23-33 NSC
33-43 NSC
43-53NSC
27,0
17,0
5,3
3,4
17,8
9,5
5,8
0,7
19,1
5,6
5,2
3,3
18,0
18,5
9,2
4,0
18,0
9,0
7,5
4,5
17,2
5,2
5,2
3,4
22,6
8,2
6,5
3,0
20,8
14,3
3,8
0,7
13,0
10,5
10,5
8,5
10,6
3,9
3,2
10,5
13,4
5,3
3,9
4,4
11,6
8,2
6,0
4,7
13,2
8,8
5,9
3,3
13,4
4,1
3,2
1,5
26,7
4,8
1,9
0,0

Ph lc 2 Bng 8. Tc tng trng chiu cao nng 4

STT Tn ging
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15

Pokkali
IR 29
A69-1
OM 5166-S2
OM 5199 B
OM 5451
OM 5453
OM 5464
OM 5490
A69-1 NCM
OM 6976
OM 9584-2
OM9585
OM 9916
OM9605

Tc tng trng chiu cao cc NSC ca 4

13 - 23 NSC 23 33 NSC 33 - 43 NSC 43 - 53 NSC
28,2
0,7
28,0
11,6
-45,6
0,0
0,0
0,0
19,0
4,1
5,0
4,0
16,8
15,3
11,0
2,7
20,2
7,7
5,0
3,8
15,6
9,2
5,4
5,1
20,5
17,0
4,0
1,7
24,1
8,9
4,0
0,8
14,3
7,2
7,1
7,1
16,8
3,9
3,0
0,0
18,0
13,8
1,0
2,0
15,8
9,7
3,0
3,0
15,7
5,0
5,0
0,0
15,9
10,2
3,0
2,8
14,6
13,9
2,0
0,0

64

Ph lc 2 Bng 9 Tc tng trng chiu cao nng 6

Tc tng trng chiu cao cc NSC ca 6
STT Tn ging
13 - 23 NSC 23 - 33NSC
33 - 43 NSC
43-53NSC
Pokkali
1
26,9
3,0
20,0
5,0
IR 29
2
-40,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
A69-1
3
10,5
8,5
7,8
0,0
OM 5166-S2
4
19,5
14,5
14,2
1,5
OM 5199 B
5
12,1
11,7
2,9
2,0
OM
5451
6
9,5
8,3
5,4
3,8
OM 5453
7
11,3
11,3
2,5
0,0
OM 5464
8
13,4
13,3
7,0
0,0
OM 5490
9
12,7
9,8
0,3
0,0
A69-1 NCM
10
16,6
3,2
4,0
4,0
OM 6976
11
14,7
9,4
5,8
0,0
12
OM 9584-2
10,5
10,1
7,2
0,0
13
OM 9585
16,3
12,3
1,1
0,0
14
OM 9916
17,6
6,5
4,3
0,0
15
OM 9605
9,2
15,0
2,9
0,0
Ph lc 2 Bng 10 Tc nhnh nng 0
Tc nhnh nng 0
STT
Tn ging
13 - 23 NSC 23 - 33 NSC 33 - 43 NSC 43 - 53 NSC
Pokkali
1
2,2
-1,2
-1,3
-0,2
IR 29
2
1,2
-2,7
-0,6
0,0
A69-1
3
2,4
-4,8
0,0
0,0
OM 5166-S2
4
0,9
-2,2
-0,3
0,0
OM 5199 B
5
0,0
-1,4
-1,8
0,0
OM 5451
6
2,8
-2,8
-2,4
0,0
OM
5453
7
0,7
-2,0
0,0
0,0
OM 5464
8
1,2
-1,4
-0,2
0,0
OM 5490
9
3,0
-3,0
-1,0
0,0
A69-1
NCM
10
1,2
-1,4
-0,5
0,0
OM 6976
11
0,8
-0,6
-1,1
0,0
12
OM9584-2
0,8
-0,8
-2,2
0,0
13
OM9585
1,1
-0,7
-1,9
0,0
14
OM 9916
1,7
-0,8
-1,9
0,0
15
OM9605
1,2
-0,8
-1,0
0,0

65

Ph lc 1 Bng 11 Tc nhnh nng 4

Tc nhnh nng 4
STT Tn ging
13 - 23 NSC 23 - 33 NSC 33 - 43 NSC 43 - 53 NSC
Pokkali
1
1,9
-1,0
-2,0
-1,0
IR 29
2
-5,4
0,0
0,0
0,0
A69-1
3
1,1
-2,4
-2,4
0,0
OM 5166-S2
4
-0,3
-0,6
-1,0
0,0
OM 5199 B
5
-1,0
-3,4
-3,0
0,0
OM
5451
6
2,0
1,0
-3,0
0,0
OM 5453
7
0,5
-1,0
-1,0
0,0
OM 5464
8
1,0
0,5
-1,0
0,0
OM
5490
9
2,5
0,8
-2,0
0,0
A69-1 NCM
10
1,0
0,8
-1,0
0,0
OM 6976
11
0,5
0,5
-2,0
0,0
12
OM 9584-2
0,4
-1,0
-3,0
0,0
13
OM 9585
1,0
-3,5
-3,5
0,0
14
OM 9916
0,7
0,4
-2,5
0,0
15
OM 9605
1,0
0,5
-2,0
0,0
Ph lc 1 Bng 12 Tc nhnh nng 6
Tc nhnh nng 6
STT
Tn ging
13-23 NSC 23-33 NSC 33-43 NSC 43-53 NSC
Pokkali
1
1,8
0,0
-1,0
0,0
IR
29
2
-5,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
A69-1
3
1,6
-2,6
-1,0
0,0
OM 5166-S2
4
1,2
-1,0
-1,4
0,0
OM 5199 B
5
0,6
0,0
-2,6
0,0
OM 5451
6
0,5
1,0
-2,1
-1,0
OM 5453
7
1,2
0,0
-0,8
0,0
OM 5464
8
2,8
-1,8
-2,0
0,0
OM 5490
9
3,0
-1,7
-1,3
0,0
A69-1 NCM
10
0,6
-1,4
-1,0
0,0
OM
6976
11
2,0
0,0
-1,5
0,0
12
OM 9584-2
0,7
-0,8
-1,5
0,0
13
OM 9585
-2,6
0,2
-1,0
0,0
14
OM 9916
1,1
-2,7
0,0
0,0
15
OM 9605
2,8
-3,9
0,0
0,0

66

Ph lc 3: S liu x l thng k v ti liu lin quan

Ph lc 3 Bng 1: Nng sut thc thu nng mui 0
STT

Tn ging

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15

Pokkali
IR 29
A69-1
OM 5166-S2
OM 5199 B
OM 5451
OM 5453
OM 5464
OM 5490
A69-1 NCM
OM 6976
OM9584-2
OM9585
OM 9916
OM9605

Nng sut thc thu mui 0

Rep 1
Rep 2
Rep 3
Trung bnh
17,9
18,2
17,1
17,7
7,5
8,0
7,5
7,7
10,4
10,0
10,6
10,3
9,0
8,5
8,5
8,0
11,2
11,0
10,5
10,9
13,4
13,0
12,8
13,1
8,0
9,0
8,0
8,3
18,3
18,5
19,0
18,6
20,0
19,0
19,8
19,6
12,3
11,0
12,0
11,8
11,4
10,5
12,0
11,3
11,7
11,5
11,0
11,4
10,0
10,7
11,0
10,6
9,1
10,5
10,0
9,9
9,0
9,8
9,0
9,3

67

Dng Kim Lin

Bng Anova nng sut thc thu (gram/bi) ca 15 ging la nng mui

Data file:
Title:

0
Function: ANOVA-1
Data case no. 1 to 45
One way ANOVA grouped over variable 1 (NT)
with values from 1 to 15.
Variable 2 (NS)
A N A L Y S I S
O F
V A R I A N C E
T A B L E
Degrees of
Sum of
Mean
Freedom
Squares
Square
F-value
Prob.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------Between
14
596.068
42.576
165.452
0.0000
Within
30
7.720
0.257
--------------------------------------------------------------------------Total
44
603.788
Coefficient of Variation = 4.25%
Var.
V A R I A B L E
No. 2
1
Number
Sum
Average
SD
SE
-----------------------------------------------------------------1
3.00
53.200
17.733
0.57
0.29
2
3.00
23.000
7.667
0.29
0.29
3
3.00
31.000
10.333
0.31
0.29
4
3.00
25.500
8.500
0.50
0.29
5
3.00
32.700
10.900
0.36
0.29
6
3.00
39.200
13.067
0.31
0.29
7
3.00
25.000
8.333
0.58
0.29
8
3.00
55.800
18.600
0.36
0.29
9
3.00
58.800
19.600
0.53
0.29
10
3.00
35.300
11.767
0.68
0.29
11
3.00
33.900
11.300
0.75
0.29
12
3.00
34.200
11.400
0.36
0.29
13
3.00
31.700
10.567
0.51
0.29
14
3.00
29.600
9.867
0.71
0.29
15
3.00
27.800
9.267
0.46
0.29
-----------------------------------------------------------------Total
45.00
536.700
11.927
3.70
0.55
Within
0.51
Bartlett's test
--------------Chi-square = 4.707
Number of Degrees of Freedom = 14
Approximate significance = 0.989

Dng Kim Lin

Title : Trc nghim phn hng nng sut thc thu (gram/bi) ca 15 ging la nng
mui 0
Data File :

Case Range : 48 - 62
Variable 2 : NS
Function : RANGE

68

Error Mean Square = 0.2570

Error Degrees of Freedom = 30
No. of observations to calculate a mean = 3
Least Significant Difference Test
LSD value = 1.138
at alpha = 0.010
Original Order
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

17.73
7.667
10.33
8.500
10.90
13.07
8.333
18.60
19.60
11.77
11.30
11.40
10.57
9.867
9.267

Ranked Order
B

EFG
HI
DEF
C
HI
AB
A
D
DE
DE
EF
FG
GH

Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean

9
8
1
6
10
12
11
5
13
3
14
15
4
7
2

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

19.60
18.60
17.73
13.07
11.77
11.40
11.30
10.90
10.57
10.33
9.867
9.267
8.500
8.333
7.667

A
AB
B
C
D
DE
DE
DEF
EF
EFG
FG
GH
HI
HI
I

Ph lc 3 Bng 2: Nng sut thc thu nng mui 4

STT

Tn ging

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15

Pokkali
IR 29
A69-1
OM 5166-S2
OM 5199 B
OM 5451
OM 5453
OM 5464
OM 5490
A69-1 NCM
OM 6976
OM9584-2
OM9585
OM 9916
OM9605

Nng sut thc thu nng mui 4

Rep 1
Rep 2
Rep 3
Trung bnh
12,6
10,3
11,9
11,6
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
9,7
9,0
9,3
9,3
6,5
6,8
7,3
6,9
8,7
7,9
8,2
8,3
9,0
8,5
8,0
8,5
6,7
6,0
6,3
6,3
9,3
8,5
8,7
8,8
6,9
6,0
6,4
6,4
10,0
9,3
9,5
9,6
8,5
8,0
7,8
8,1
8,7
8,0
7,5
8,1
8,0
7,5
8,4
8,0
6,0
6,4
6,0
6,1
6,0
5,5
6,3
5,9

69

Dng Kim Lin

Bng Anova nng sut thc thu (gram/bi) ca 15 ging la nng mui

Data file:
Title:

4
Function: ANOVA-1
Data case no. 1 to 45
One way ANOVA grouped over variable 1 (NT)
with values from 1 to 15.
Variable 2 (NS)
A N A L Y S I S
O F
V A R I A N C E
T A B L E
Degrees of
Sum of
Mean
Freedom
Squares
Square
F-value
Prob.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------Between
14
256.646
18.332
49.575
0.0000
Within
30
11.093
0.370
--------------------------------------------------------------------------Total
44
267.739
Coefficient of Variation = 8.46%
Var.
V A R I A B L E
No. 2
1
Number
Sum
Average
SD
SE
-----------------------------------------------------------------1
3.00
34.800
11.600
1.18
0.35
2
3.00
0.000
0.000
0.00
0.35
3
3.00
25.600
8.533
0.91
0.35
4
3.00
20.600
6.867
0.40
0.35
5
3.00
24.800
8.267
0.40
0.35
6
3.00
23.500
7.833
0.76
0.35
7
3.00
19.000
6.333
0.35
0.35
8
3.00
26.500
8.833
0.42
0.35
9
3.00
19.300
6.433
0.45
0.35
10
3.00
27.000
9.000
0.50
0.35
11
3.00
24.300
8.100
0.36
0.35
12
3.00
20.200
6.733
0.25
0.35
13
3.00
18.200
6.067
0.60
0.35
14
3.00
21.400
7.133
1.03
0.35
15
3.00
18.100
6.033
0.25
0.35
-----------------------------------------------------------------Total
45.00
323.300
7.184
2.47
0.37
Within
0.61
Bartlett's test
--------------Chi-square = 31.016
Number of Degrees of Freedom = 14
Approximate significance = 0.006
WARNING: One or more factor levels have a variance of zero.
This will cause a large Chi-Square value.

70

Dng Kim Lin

Title : Trc nghim phn hng nng sut thc thu (gram/bi) ca 15 ging la nng
mui 4
Data File :

Case Range : 52 - 66
Variable 2 : NS
Function : RANGE
Error Mean Square = 0.3700
Error Degrees of Freedom = 30
No. of observations to calculate a mean = 3
Least Significant Difference Test
LSD value = 1.366
at alpha = 0.010
Original Order
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

11.60
0.0000
8.533
6.867
8.267
7.833
6.333
8.833
6.433
9.000
8.100
6.733
6.067
7.133
6.033

Ranked Order
A
B

DEF
BC
BCDE
F
B
F
B
BCD
EF
F
CDEF
F

Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean

1
10
8
3
5
11
6
14
4
12
9
7
13
15
2

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

11.60
9.000
8.833
8.533
8.267
8.100
7.833
7.133
6.867
6.733
6.433
6.333
6.067
6.033
0.0000

A
B
B
B
BC
BCD
BCDE
CDEF
DEF
EF
F
F
F
F
G

71

Ph lc 2 Bng 3: Nng sut thc thu nng mui 6

Nng sut thc thu nng mui 6
STT
Tn ging
Rep 1
Rep 2
Rep 3
Trung bnh
Pokkali
6,5
1
6,7
6,0
6,4
IR 29
0,0
2
0,0
0,0
0,0
A69-1
4,0
3
4,3
3,7
4,0
OM
5166-S2
4
3,0
2,7
2,5
2,7
OM 5199 B
3,0
5
2,5
2,0
2,5
OM 5451
4,0
6
4,9
4,2
4,4
OM 5453
3,0
7
3,2
2,8
3,0
OM 5464
3,9
8
4,3
4,0
4,1
OM 5490
2,8
9
3,0
3,5
3,1
A69-1 NCM
3,7
10
4,0
3,0
3,6
OM
6976
4,0
11
4,5
4,7
4,4
3,0
12
OM 9584-2
3,0
3,3
3,1
3,0
13
OM 9585
2,5
2,0
2,5
2,0
14
OM 9916
2,6
2,2
2,3
2,0
15
OM9605
2,0
2,1
2,0

72

Dng Kim Lin

Bng Anova nng sut thc thu (gram/bi) ca 15 ging la nng

Data file:
Title:

mui 6
Function: ANOVA-1
Data case no. 1 to 45
One way ANOVA grouped over variable 1 (NT)
with values from 1 to 15.
Variable 2 (NS)
A N A L Y S I S
O F
V A R I A N C E
T A B L E
Degrees of
Sum of
Mean
Freedom
Squares
Square
F-value
Prob.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------Between
14
84.890
6.064
52.272
0.0000
Within
30
3.480
0.116
--------------------------------------------------------------------------Total
44
88.370
Coefficient of Variation = 10.64%
Var.
V A R I A B L E
No. 2
1
Number
Sum
Average
SD
SE
-----------------------------------------------------------------1
3.00
19.200
6.400
0.36
0.20
2
3.00
0.000
0.000
0.00
0.20
3
3.00
12.000
4.000
0.30
0.20
4
3.00
8.200
2.733
0.25
0.20
5
3.00
7.500
2.500
0.50
0.20
6
3.00
13.100
4.367
0.47
0.20
7
3.00
9.000
3.000
0.20
0.20
8
3.00
12.200
4.067
0.21
0.20
9
3.00
9.300
3.100
0.36
0.20
10
3.00
10.700
3.567
0.51
0.20
11
3.00
13.200
4.400
0.36
0.20
12
3.00
9.300
3.100
0.17
0.20
13
3.00
7.500
2.500
0.50
0.20
14
3.00
6.800
2.267
0.31
0.20
15
3.00
6.100
2.033
0.06
0.20
-----------------------------------------------------------------Total
45.00
144.100
3.202
1.42
0.21
Within
0.34
Bartlett's test
--------------Chi-square = 27.741
Number of Degrees of Freedom = 14
Approximate significance = 0.015
WARNING: One or more factor levels have a variance of zero.
This will cause a large Chi-Square value.

73

Dng Kim Lin

Title : Trc nghim phn hng nng sut thc thu (gram/bi) ca 15 ging la nng
mui 6
Data File :

Case Range : 53 - 67
Variable 2 : NS
Function : RANGE
Error Mean Square = 0.1160
Error Degrees of Freedom = 30
No. of observations to calculate a mean = 3
Least Significant Difference Test
LSD value = 0.7647
at alpha = 0.010
Original Order
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

6.400
0.0000
4.000
2.733
2.500
4.367
3.000
4.067
3.100
3.567
4.400
3.100
2.500
2.267
2.033

Ranked Order
A
BC
B

H
EFG
EFG

DEF
BC
DE
CD
B
DE
EFG
FG
G

Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean

1
11
6
8
3
10
9
12
7
4
5
13
14
15
2

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

6.400
4.400
4.367
4.067
4.000
3.567
3.100
3.100
3.000
2.733
2.500
2.500
2.267
2.033
0.0000

A
B
B
BC
BC
CD
DE
DE
DEF
EFG
EFG
EFG
FG
G
H

74

Ph lc 4: 8 ging la mi thch nghi vi bin i kh hu do Vin La ng Bng

Sng Cu Long va lai to thnh cng.
1. Ging OM 6976
Ngun

gc:

Ging

la

OM

6976

chn

hp

lai

IR68144/OM997/OM2718, y l ging c hm lng vi cht dinh dng st trong go

kh cao. Ging OM 6976 l ging la trin vng mi c gii thiu trong v H thu
2009.
c tnh:
- Thi gian sinh trng: 95 100 ngy.
- Chiu cao cy: 95 - 100cm,
dng hnh p, rt cng cy, nhnh
t, bng to chm, ng ht dy.
- Chng chu Ry nu v bnh
o n tt, chng chu bnh vng ln
- ln xon l kh.
- Nng sut trung bnh v
ng xun: 7 - 9 tn/ha, H thu: 5,0 - 6,0 tn/ha.
- Trng lng 1.000 ht: 25 - 26g.
- Ht go di trung bnh, trong, t bc bng, cm vn cn hi mm khi ngui.
- Ging thuc nhm la bng to, thch nghi rng trn nhiu loi t, t ph sa
ngt n phn nng.
- Tim nng nng sut OM 6976 cao v n nh trong c 2 v ng xun v H
thu. Nng dn canh tc ging OM 6976 cn c bin php bn phn hoc phun thuc
nui ht tng t l ht chc.

75

2. Ging OM 5464
Ngun gc: Ging la OM 5464 c chn t t hp lai OM 3242/OM2490.
y l ging la trin vng mi c nng dn a thch v c canh tc kh nhiu
trong mt vi v gn y ti
BSCL.
c tnh:
- Thi gian sinh trng:
85 - 90 ngy.
- Chiu cao cy: 80 - 90
cm, dng hnh p, nhnh kh,
bng ng ht trung bnh, t l
chc cao.
- Chng chu Ry nu v
bnh o n tt, chng chu bnh
vng ln - ln xon l kh.
- Nng sut trung bnh: v ng xun: 6 - 8 tn/ha, v H thu : 5 - 6 tn/ha. Tim
nng nng sut ca ging la ny kh cao v n nh trong c 2 v ng xun v H
thu.
- Trng lng 1.000 ht trung bnh: 25 - 26g.
- Ht go di, trong, t bc bng, cm kh khi ngui.
- y l ging la d canh tc, thch hp trn nhiu loi t, chng chu iu kin
nhim mn khong 0,3 - 0,4%.
3. Ging OM 6904
c chn t t hp lai OM5464/OM5472. Ging la ny c thi gian sinh
trng t 85 - 90 ngy, chiu cao cy 94 99 cm; trng lng 1.000 ht l 27 gam. Ht
di 7mm, nng sut trung bnh 6 - 7 tn/ha. Hi khng ry nu, hi khng o n, t
nhim bnh vang ln ln xon l; thch nghi vng t phn mn.

76

4. Ging OM 6377
Ngun gc: Ging la OM 6377 do Vin La BSCL to chn, c ngun gc t
t hp lai IR64/TYPE3-123, t dng trin vng c chn bng marker. y l
ging la trin vng mi c gii thiu.
c tnh:
- Thi gian sinh trng: 95 -100 ngy.
- Chiu cao cy : 85 - 90 cm. Cng cy,
nhnh kh; l c trung bnh, thng; bng di,
hi khoe bng.
- Nhim Ry nu (cp 4 - 3), hi khng
chy l, khng vng ln.
- Nng sut trung bnh v ng Xun: 68 tn/ ha, H Thu: 4,0 - 5,0 tn/ ha.
- Trng lng 1000 ht: 28-29 g.
- Ht di 7,1 mm; hm lng amylose
24,3%. Ht go di, trong, t bc bng; t l ht
chc cao, go p.
- Thch nghi c 2 v ng Xun v H Thu
5. Ging OM 6932
c chn t t hp lai OM 4088/OM 5472 vi thi gian sinh trng 90 ngy;
chiu cao cy 100-108cm; trng lng 1.000 ht 28 gam. Ht di 7mm, nng sut 6-7
tn/ha; hi khng ry nu (cp 5), hi nhim o n (cp 5); t nhim bnh vng ln
ln xon l; thch nghi vng t phn mn.

77

6. Ging OM 6677
Ngun gc: Ging la OM 6677 c chn t t hp lai M22/AS996 do Vin
La ng Bng Sng Cu Long va lai to thnh cng, thch nghi cho vng t phn mn
c tnh:
- Thi gian sinh trng 90 - 95
ngy.
- Chiu cao cy 107 - 116 cm
- Hi khng Ry nu (cp 5) v
o n (cp 5), t nhim bnh vng ln ln xon l
- Nng sut trung bnh 6 - 7 tn/ha
- Trng lng 1.000 ht: 27gam.
- Ht di 7mm, go p mm cm, hm lng amylose 24,8%.
7. Ging OM 8923
c chn t t hp lai NCM/OM4059; thi gian sinh trng 90-95 ngy, chiu
cao cy 102-107cm; trng lng ht: 25,9 gam. Ht di 7mm, go p, mm cm,
Amylose 23%; nng sut 7 - 8 tn/ha; hi khng ry nu (cp 5), hi khng o n (cp
3), t nhim bnh vng ln ln xon l; thch nghi cho vng t phn mn.
8. Ging OM 5981
c chn t t hp lai IR28/AS996; thi gian sinh trng 95-98 ngy, chiu cao
cy 100-103cm; trng lng 1.000 ht: 27,5 gam. Ht di 7mm, go p, mm cm,
Amylose 24,8%, nng sut 5-7 tn/ha; hi khng ry nu (cp 3), hi khng o n (cp
5), t nhim bnh vng ln ln xon l, thch nghi vi vng t phn mn.