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Th

ngy thng

nm 2010

Chng 3 . AMIN , AMINO AXIT , PROTEIN .

Phn 1. Tm tt l thuyt .
Tc nhn Tnh cht ha hc Amin bc 1 R NH2 C6H5 NH2 to dd baz to mui to mui to kt ta --t o hp cht mu tm Amino axit H2N-CH-COOH R to mui to mui protein . . .NH-CH-CO-NH-CH-CO. .. R R to mui hoc b thy phn khi nung nng thy phn khi nung nng

H2O axit HCl Bazo tan(NaOH) Ancol ROH/ HCl + Br2/H2O t0, xt

- v - aminoaxit tham gia phn ng trng ng ng

Cu(OH)2

BI 9. AMIN 1/ Khi nim: Khi thay th nguyn t H trong phn t NH3 bng gc Hirocacbon ta thu c amin. Vd: NH3, CH3NH2, C6H5NH2, CH3-NH-CH3
NH2

xiclohexylamin 2/ ng phn:Amin thng c ng phn v mch Cacbon, v tr ca nhm chc, bc amin. Vd: C4H11NC 8 ng phn : 3/ Phn loi: theo hai cch a. Theo gc horcacbon: amin bo:CH3NH2, C2H5NH2.. v Amin thm: C6H5NH2, b. Theo bc amin: Amin bc 1: R-NH2 , Amin bc 2: R-NH-R1 , Amin bc 3: R- N-R1 4/ Danh php: R3 a. Tn gc chc: Tn gc H-C tng ng + amin Vd: CH3-NH2 Metyl amin , C6H5NH2 phnyl amin b. Tn thay th: Tn H-C + v tr nhm chc+ amin,Nu mch c nhnh gi tn nhnh trc II. Tnh cht vt l Amin c phn t khi nh Mtyl amin, tyl amin l cht kh, mi khai, tan nhiu trong nc Phn t khi cng tng th:-Nhit si tng dn v tan trong nc gim dn 2. Tnh cht ha hc: a. Tnh baz: - Cc amin mch h tan nhiu trong nc v dd lm qu tm ha xanh ( lm hng phenolphtalein ) . - Anilin v cc amin thm khc khng lm i mu qu tm - Tc dng vi axt: CH3NH2 + HCl CH3NH3Cl

C6H5NH2 + HCl C6H5NH3Cl So snh lc baz :

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[PHIU BI TP HA HC]

Th

ngy thng

nm 2010

CH3_NH2 > NH3 >

NH2

b. Phn ng th nhn thm ca anilin

NH2 Br + 3 Br 2 H2O NH2 Br + 3 HBr Br

Phn ng ny dng nhn bit anilin *Ch : Amin no n chc : CnH2n+3N v Amin no n chc , bc 1 : CnH2n+1NH2 BI 10 : AMINO AXIT 1. Khi nim: Amino axit l loi hp cht hu c tp chc, phn t cha ng thi nhm amino (NH2) v nhm cacboxyl (COOH).
CH3 CH NH2 COOH

(2,4,6-tribromanilin)

alanin - Tn amino axit l: Tn axit tng ng c thm tip u ng amino v ch ci Hy Lp , , hoc v tr cha nhm NH2. 1. Cu to phn t: - Phn t amino axit c nhm cacboxyl (COOH) th hin tnh axit v nhm amino (NH2) th hin tnh baz - iu kin thng chng l cht rn kt tinh, d tan trong nc v c nhit nng chy cao 2. Tnh cht ha hc: a/ Tnh cht lng tnh:
HOOC CH2NH2 HCl HOOC CH2 NH3Cl

H2N

CH2COOH NaOH

H2N

CH2

COONa

H2O

b/ Tnh axit-baz ca dung dch amino axit: c/ Phn ng ring ca nhm COOH: phn ng este ha. d/ Phn ng trng ngng:
nH2N [CH2]5 COOH to ( NH [CH2]5 CO )n H2O

axit -aminocaproic policaproamit Lu : cc axit c gc amino gn v tr , , khng cho phn ng trng ngng III. ng dng:- Amino axit dng lm nguyn liu iu ch t nilon-6 Bi 11. I/peptit 1/ khi nim -Peptit l loi hp cht cha t 2 n 50 gc -amino axit lin kt vi nhau bi cc lin kt peptit. - Nhng phn t peptit cha 2, 3, 4, gc -amino axit c gi l i-, tri-, tetrapeptit,Nhng phn t peptit cha nhiu gc -amino axit ( trn 10) c gi l polipeptit Vd: hai ipeptit t alanin v glyxin l : Ala Gly v Gly-Ala . 2/ Tnh cht ho hc a)Phn ng thu phn peptit c th b thy phn hon ton thnh cc -amino axit nh xt : axit hoc baz: Peptit c th b thy phn khng hon ton thnh cc peptit ngn hn b)Phn ng mu biur Trong mi trng kim , peptit p vi Cu(OH)2 cho hp cht mu tm II/PROTEIN 1/khi nim Protein l nhng polipeptit cao phn t c phn t khi t vi chc nghn n vi triu -protein n gin Vd:anbumin,fibroin ca t tm , -protein phc tp Vd:nucleoprotein,lipoprotein cha cht bo 2 V Th Thuy THPT Thi Phin

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Th

ngy thng

nm 2010

2/ Cu to phn t Phn t protein c cu to bi nhiu gc a min oaxit ni vi nhau bng lin kt peptit - NH - CH- C-Ri O n n>50 3/tnh cht : protein c p mu biure vi Cu(OH)2mu tm III/Enzim a)khi nim Enzim l nhng cht hu ht c bn cht protein ,c kh nng xc tc cho cc qu trnh ho hc ,c bit trong c th sinh vt b)c im ca xc tc enzim -Hot ng xt ca ezim c tnh chn lc rt cao : mi enzim ch xt cho mt s chuyn ha nht nh . -Tc p nh xt ezim rt ln , thng ln gp t 109 n 1011 ln tc ca cng phn ng nh xt ha hc . 2/ Axit nucleic a) khi nim Axit nucleic l polieste ca axit photphoric v pentoz . b) C 2 loi quan trng: AND,ARN c) vai tr Axit nucleic c vai tr quan trng bc nht trong cc hot ng sng ca c th , nh s tng hp protein, s chuyn cc thng tin di truyn AND cha cc thng tinh di truyn , m ha cho hot ng sinh trng v pht trin ca cc c th sng . ARN ch yu nm trong t bo cht , tham gia vo qu trnh gii m thng tin di truyn

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