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THPT V Trng Ton Nguyn Anh Duy

Gio n 11CB

Chng 1.
Bi 1. S IN LI

- Mc tiu bi hc 1. V kin thc Bit c cc khi nim v s in li, cht in li Hiu nguyn nhn v tnh dn in ca dung dch cht in li. Hiu c c ch ca qu trnh in li. 2. V k nng Rn luyn k nng thc hnh : Quan st, so snh. Rn luyn kh nng lp lun logic. 3. V tnh cm thi Rn luyn c tnh cn thn nghim tc trong nghin cu khoa hc. II - Chun b GV : Dng c v ho cht th nghim o dn in. Tranh v (hnh 2.2 SGK v hnh 2.3 SGK) HS : Xem li hin tng dn in c hc trong chng trnh vt l 6

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THPT V Trng Ton Nguyn Anh Duy

Gio n 11CB

III- Cc hot ng dy hc Hot ng ca GV v HS


Hot ng 1 GV: hng dn hs lm th nghim nh sgk NI DUNG KIN THC I Hin tng in li

1. Th nghim(SGK) Dung dch mui, axit, baz dn HS : quan st, nhn xt v rt ra in kt lun. Cc cht rn khan : NaCl, NaOH v mt s dung dch : Ru, ng, Hot ng 2 glixerin khng dn in. GV : Ti sao cc dung dch axit, 2. Nguyn nhn tnh dn in baz, mui dn in? ca cc dung dch axit, baz v HS : Trong dung dch cc cht mui trong nc axit, baz, mui c cc ht mang Cc axit, baz, mui khi tan in tch dng v in tch trong nc phn li thnh cc ion m gi l ion. Cc phn t axit, lm cho dung dch ca chng dn baz, mui khi tan trong nc in c. phn li thnh cc ion . 3. nh ngha: GV kt lun : in li l qu trnh phn li cc cht thnh ion Nhng cht khi tan trong nc GV a ra mt s axit, baz, phn li thnh cc ion c gi l mui quen thuc HS biu cht in li. din s phn li v gi tn cc ion 4.Phng trnh in li: to thnh. Th d : HNO3, Ba(OH)2, HCl H+ + ClFeCl3. NaOH Na+ + OHNaCl Na+ + Cl-

Hot ng 3

GV cn gi dn dt HS m t c nhng c im cu to quan trng ca phn t nc. GV : n gin phn t nc c biu din bng hnh elip : +
Hot ng 4

II. C ch ca qu trnh in li

1. Cu to phn t nc Lin kt gia cc nguyn t trong phn t l lin kt cng ho tr c cc. Phn t c cu to dng gc, do phn t nc phn cc. phn cc ca phn t nc kh
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THPT V Trng Ton Nguyn Anh Duy

Gio n 11CB

GV : gi HS nhc li c im cu to ca tinh th NaCl (hnh 2.3 - SGK). Khi cho cc tinh th NaCl vo nc c hin tng g xy ra ? GV nu hin tng hirat ha
Hot ng 5

GV : c im cu to phn t HCl? Khi cho HCl vo nc c hin tng g xy ra ? HS : quan sat hnh v v tr li GV: Ti sao di tc dng ca phn t phn cc HCl, phn t nc khng phn li thnh H+ v ion OHHot ng 6 S dng bi tp SGK cng c bi hc

ln. 2. S in li ca NaCl trong nc Do tng tc ca cc phn t nc phn cc v s chuyn ng hn lon ca cc pt H2O, cc ion Na+ v Cl tch ra khi tinh th i vo dung dch. NaCl + Na + Cl 3. Qu trnh in li ca phn t HCl trong nc - Phn t HCl lin kt cng ho tr c cc - Do s tng tc gia cc phn t phn cc H2O v HCl phn t HCl . Qu trnh in li c biu din bngin li thnh cc ion H+ v Cl phng trnh: HCl H+ + Cl-

Bi 2 - Phn loi cc cht in li


I - Mc tiu bi hc 1. V kin thc Bit c th no l in li, cn bng in li. Bit c th no l cht in li mnh ? Cht in li yu ? 2. V k nng Vn dng in li bit cht in in li mnh, yu Dng thc nghim nhn bit cht in li mnh, yu, khng in li 3. V tnh cm thi Tin tng vo thc nghim bng thc nghim c th khm ph c th gii vi m. II- Chun b Gio vin : B dng c th nghim v tnh dn in ca dung dch. Dung dch HCl 0,1M v CH3COOH 0,1M. III--Cc hot ng dy hc
Hot ng 1

GV gii thiu dng c v ho cht th nghim Mi 1 HS thao tc th nghim trn bn GV Cc HS khc quan st, nhn xt

I in li

1. Th nghim:(SGK) NX: Vi dung dch HCl bng n sng r hn so vi dung dch CH3COOH iu chng t nng ion
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THPT V Trng Ton Nguyn Anh Duy

Gio n 11CB

v gii thch. Hot ng 2 GV t vn : ch mc phn li ca cht in li ngi ta dng i lng in li. GV vit biu thc in li ln bng v gii thch cc i lng

trong dung dch HCl ln hn trong dung dch CH3COOH. Do HCl phn li mnh hn CH3COOH KL : Cc cht khc nhau c kh nng phn li khc nhau. 2. in li a Khai nim
n

= n vi : in li ; n : o S phn t phn li thnh ion ; GV : Hoc biu din di dng phn n0 : S phn t cht ho tan trm l = 85% in li c th c cc gi Hot ng 3 GV : Yu cu HS nghin cu SGK v tr nm trong khong : 0 1. cho bit : Th no l cht in li b - TD: Ho tan 100 phn t mnh ? cht tan A trong nc c 85 phn t cht phn li thnh Cht in li mnh c in li ion. Hi in li cht bng bao nhiu? bng bao nhiu ? HS : Pht biu nh ngha (SGK) 85 = 100 = 0,85 GV: Cho HS ly cc th d v axit II Cht in li mnh, cht in li mnh, baz mnh, cc mui tan Dng mi tn mt chiu ch chiu yu 1. Cht in li mnh in li v l s in li hon a - /n:(SGK) ton. b-Cc cht in li mnh l : Yu cu HS vit phng trnh in li ca mt Cc axit mnh: HCl, HNO3, H2SO4, s cht in li mnh H2SO4, HClO4... Ba(OH)2, CuSO4
Cc baz mnh : NaOH, KOH,

GV : yu cu HS tnh nng ion trong mt s dung dch : Th d : KNO3 0,1M ; Ba(OH)20,05M Hot ng 4 GV : Yu cu HS nghin cu SGK v cho bit th no l cht in li yu ? Cht in li yu c in li bng bao nhiu ? Nhng cht in li mnh phn li nhiu nc th ch in li mnh nc th nht.

Ba(OH)2Ca(OH)2
Cc mui tan : NaCl, CuSO4,

KNO3... c - PT & cch tnh nng : Tnh nng ion Na+ v CO32trong dung dch Na2CO3 0,1M? Na2CO3 2Na+ + CO32Theo phng trnh in li : n + = 2nNa2CO3 = 2 0,1 = 0,2 Na (mol)

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THPT V Trng Ton Nguyn Anh Duy

Gio n 11CB

GV yu cu vit phng rnh in li ca mt s cht in li yu : H2S, Fe(OH)3 ... GV : S in li ca cht in li yu c y nhng c trng ca qu trnh thun nghch. Vy c trng ca qu trnh thun nghchl g ? Hs: Qu trnh thun nghch s t n trng thi cn bng. l cn bng ng.

CO32

= nNa2CO3 = 0,1 (mol)

2. Cht in li yu a - N:(SGK) in li ca cht in li yu : 0 < < 1 b - TD:Cht in li yu l : Cc axit yu : CH3COOH, H2S, H2CO3... Cc baz yu : Fe(OH)3, Mg(OH)2.. c- PT in li & cn bng in li: CH3COOH CH3COO + H+ Hng s
H+ CH3COO K = CH3COOH] [

Khi pha long dd cc ion cch xa nhau hn, it c c hi va chm to li pt.

Nhc li : K l hng s ph thuc vo nhit S chuyn dch cn bng in li cng tun theo nguyn l L Sa-t-li-e d - S pha long v in li Khi pha longdd qu trnh in li xy ra d dng hn, in li tng.

Bi 3 .Axit, Baz v Mui


I - Mc tiu bi hc 1. V kin thc Bit khi nim axit, baz, theo thuyt A-re-ni-ut v Bron-stet Bit ngha ca hng s phn li axit, hng s phn li baz. Bit mui l g v s in li ca mui. 2. V k nng Vn dng l thuyt axit, baz ca A-re-ni-ut v Bron-stet phn bit c axit, baz, lng tnh v trung tnh. Bit vit phng trnh in li ca cc mui. Da vo hng s phn li axit, hng s phn li baz tnh nng ion H+ v OH trong dung dch. 3. V thi tnh cm
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THPT V Trng Ton Nguyn Anh Duy

Gio n 11CB

C c hiu bit khoa hc ng n v dung dch axit, baz, mui. II - Chun b Dng c : ng nghim Ho cht : Dung dch NaOH, mui km (ZnCl2 hoc ZnSO4), dung dch : HCl, NH3, qu tm. IIICc hot ng dy hc
Hot ng 1

HS c bit khi nim v axit, baz cc lp di v vy GV cho HS nhc li cc khi nim . Ly th d. GV : Cc axit, baz l nhng cht in li hy vit phng trnh in li ca cc axit, baz . GV yu cu 2 HS ln bng mi em vit ba phng trnh in li ca 3 axit hoc 3 baz. GV : Hy nhn xt v cc ion do axit, baz phn li ra.
Hot ng 2

I Axit, baz theo thuyt A-re-ni-ut 1. inh ngha a - TD: HCl H+ + ClCH3COOH H+ + CH3COOKOH K+ + OH Ba(OH)2 Ba+ + 2OH b N(SGK) 2. Axit nhiu nc,baz nhiu nc a - Axit nhiu nc: - Vd: (SGK) HCl, CH3COOH, HNO3..axit mt nc H2S, H2CO3, H2SO3 ...axit nhiu nc H3PO4 H+ + H2PO4 H2PO4 H+ + HPO42 HPO42 H+ + PO43 Tng cng : H3PO4 3H+ + PO43 NX:Axit m mt phn t ch phn li mt nc ra ion H+ l axit mt nchay monoaxit. Axit m mt phn t phn li nhiu nc ra ion H+ l axit nhiu nc.

GV : Da vo phng trnh in li HS vit trn bng, cho HS nhn xt v s ion H+ c phn li ra t mi phn t axit. HS : 1 phn t HCl phn li ra 1 ion H+ 1 phn t H2SO4 phn li ra 2 ion H+ 1 phn t H3PO4 phn li ra 3 ion H+

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THPT V Trng Ton Nguyn Anh Duy

Gio n 11CB

Dn dt HS tng t nh axit
Hot ng 3

GV : lm th nghim, HS quan st v nhn xt. Nh t t tng git dung dch kim vo dung dch mui km cho n khi kt ta khng xut hin thm na. Chia kt ta thnh hai phn hai ng nghim ng th nht cho thm vi git axit. ng th hai tip tc nh kim vo. TIT2 Hot ng 4 GV: nhng mu giy ch th axit-baz vo dd NH3KL dd NH3 c tnh baz Theo Bron-stet khi tan vo nc,phn t NH3 tng tc vi pt nc sinh ra ion OHNH3 nhn H+ --- l baz HCl nhng H+ --- l axit ---> nh ngha. HS nhn xt vai tr ca nc trong 2 trng hp trn l g

b - Baz nhiu nc: - TD(SGK) Ca(OH) ----> Ca(OH)+ + OHCa(OH)+ ----> Ca2+ + OH- NX: 3. Hiroxit lng tnh a - TD: Al(OH)3, Cr(OH)3 Phn li theo kiu baz : Zn(OH)2 Zn2+ + 2OH Phn li theo kiu axit : Zn(OH)2 2H+ + ZnO22 C th vit dng axit ca Zn(OH)2 l : H2ZnO2
b - N: (SGK)

II- Axit,baz theo Bron-stet 1-N * VD NH3 + H2O <--- > + NH4 + OHHCl + H2O > H3O + Cl+

< --< --

H CO3- + H2O > H3O+ + CO32-

HS nghin cu SGK

HCO3- + H2O < -- > H2CO3+ OH*N: SGK *NX: PT nc tu trng hp c th ng vai tr axit hay baz Axit,baz c th l phn t hoc ion 2. u im ca thuyt Bronstet
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THPT V Trng Ton Nguyn Anh Duy

Gio n 11CB

Nhng cht l axit,baz theouAreniut th theo Bron-stet vn l axit,baz Thuyt axit,baz ca Bronstet tng quat hn.

Hot ng 5

III. Hng s phn li axit v baz

GV : Yu cu HS vit phng trnh in li ca axit yu : CH3COOH v vit biu thc hng s phn li ca CH3COOH. HS :

1. Hng s phn li axit CH3COOH H+ + CH3COO


H+ CH3COO Ka = [ CH3COH]

Ka l hng s phn li axit, ch ph thuc vo nhit . Ka cng nh lc axit cng yu. 2. Hng s phn li baz NH3 + H2O NH4+ + OH
NH4+ OH Kc = [ NH3 ] [ H2O] NH4+ OH =K Kc[H2O] = b [ NH3 ]

GV :Bng cch tng t hy vit hng s phn li baz ca cn bng : GV : Do dung dich long, [ H2O] coi nh khng i nn t : Kb = Kc.[H2O] gi l hng s phn li baz

Kt lun :Ka, Kb l hng s ph thuc vo nhit . Ka cng nh lc axit cng yu, Kb cng b lc baz cng yu. IV - Mui 1. nh ngha Mui l hp cht khi tan trong nc phn li thnh cation kim loi

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THPT V Trng Ton Nguyn Anh Duy

Gio n 11CB

Hot ng 6 GV : Nghin cu SGK hy cho bit mui l g ? Hy k tn mt s mui thng gp ? Cho bit tnh cht ch yu ca mui. Tnh cht ch yu ca mui : Tnh tan, tnh phn li. (GV nn lu rng nhng mui t tan hay c coi l khng tan th thc t vn tan. Mt phn tan rt nh in li).
Hot ng 7

hoc cation NH4+ v anion gc axit Mui thng gp : + Mui trung ho + Mui axit + Mui phc tp (mui kp, mui phc) 2. S in li ca mui trong nc (SGK)

GV: chn mt s bi tp hoc mt s trong bi tp (SGK) cng c bi hc.

bI 4: s IN LI CUA NC ; ph ; cht ch th axit baz I. Mc tiu bi hc: 1. Kin thc: - Bit c s in ly ca nc. Bit tch s ion ca nc v ngha ca ai lng ny. Bit c khi nim v pH v cht ch th axit - baz 2. K nng: Vn dng tch s ion ca nc xc nh nng H+ v OH- trong dung dch. Bit nh gi axit, baz, ca dung dch da vo nng H+; OH-; pH; pOH. Bit s dng mt s cht ch th axit, baz xc nh tnh axit, kim ca dung dch. II. Chun b: Dung dch axit long (HCl hoc H2SO4), dung dch baz long (NaOH hoc Ca(OH)2), phenol phtalein, giy ch th axit - baz vn nng. Tranh v, nh chp, my o pH. III. Cc hot ng dy hc:

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THPT V Trng Ton Nguyn Anh Duy

Gio n 11CB I s in ly ca nc

Hot ng 1: - Bng thc nghim xc nh nc l cht in li rt yu. - Vit phng trnh in ly ca nc theo A-re-ni-ut v theo thuyt Bron-stet? - 2 cch vit cho h qu ging nhau v n gin chn cch vit 1. Hot ng 2: - Vit biu thc tnh hng s cn bng ca cn bng (1)? - Nc phn li rt yu nn [H2O] trong biu thc K c coi l khng i v K. [H2O]=const=K H2O v gi l tch s ion ca H2O. - Da vo KH2O hy tnh [OH+]v [OH-] ? - Nc l mi trng trung tnh, nn mi trng c [OH+] = 10-7 mol/l l mi trng trung tnh. - Tnh s ion ca nc l 1 hng s i vi c dung dch cc cht v vy nu bit [H+] trong dung dch th s bit [OH-] v ngc li. - Tnh [H+] v [OH-] ca dung dch HCl 0,01M v so snh 2 gi tr trong dung dch (mi trng axit)? - Tnh [H+] v [OH-] ca dung dch NaOH 0,01M v so snh 2 gi tr trong dung dch (mi trng baz)?

1. Nc l cht in rt yu Theo Are-ni-ut: H2O < -- > H++ OH(1) Theo Bron-stet: H2O+H2O < -- > H3O++ OH(2) 2. Tch s ion ca nc: * H2O < -- > H++ OH(1)
K = [ H + ][ OH ] [ H 2 O]

H2O

= K. [H2O] = [H+]. [OH-]

Tch s ion ca nc KH2O =10-14 (to = 25oC) * [H+]= [OH-]= 10 14 =10-7mol/l * Mi trng trung tnh l mi trng c [H+]=[OH-]=10-7mol/l 3. ngha tch s ion ca nc: a. Mi trng axit: [H+] 10-7mol/l b. Mi trng trung tnht: [H+]= 107 mol/l c. Mi trng kim: [H+] 10-7mol/l

Hot ng 4: - Yu cu hc sinh nghin cu SGK v cho bit pH l g? Cho bit dung dch axit, kim, trung

II. Khi nim v pH- cht ch th axitbaz:

1.Khi nim v pH: * [H+]= 10-PHM


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THPT V Trng Ton Nguyn Anh Duy

Gio n 11CB

tnh c pH bng bao nhiu? - xc nh mi trng ca dung dch ngi ta thng dng cht ch th nh qu, phenol phtalein. - Dng cht ch th axit - baz nhn bit cc cht trong 3 ng nghim ng: H2O. HCl, NaOH. - Trn ln 1 s cht ch th c khong PH i mu k tip nhau c hn hp cht ch th axit-baz vn nng. - Dng cht ch th ch xc nh pH 1 cch gn ng cn t chnh xc th phi dng my o pH. Hot ng 5: - nhc li chnh-lm bi tp 5

* Thang pH: 0 14 Mi trng =1010-7M 7M pH 7 =7

107 M 7

2. Cht ch th axit-baz: Mi trng Axit Cht ch th Qu Phenolphtal Khn ein g mu Trun g tnh Tm Khn g mu Ki m Xan h Hn g

Bi 5. Luyn tp axit - baz v mui I. Mc tiu bi hc: 1. Kin thc: Cng c khi nim axit, baz theo thuyt A-re-ni-ut v thuyt Bronstet. Cng c cc khi nim v cht lng tnh, mui. ngha ca hng s phn ly axit, hng s phn ly baz, KH2O 2. K nng: Rn luyn k nng tnh pH ca dung dch ba z, axit. Vn dng thuyt axit, baz ca A-re-ni-ut v tuyt Bron-stet xc nh tnh axit, baz hay lng tnh. Vn dng biu thc hng s phn ly axit, hng s phn ly baz tch s ion ca nc tnh [H+], pH. S dng cht ch th axit, baz xc nh mi trng ca dung dch cc cht. II. Cc hot ng dy hc: Hot ng 1: - HS nhc li khi nim v axit,baz,mui v cht lng tnh I. Kin thc cn nh: 1. K/n v axit, baz v mui,cht lng tnh
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THPT V Trng Ton Nguyn Anh Duy

Gio n 11CB

-cc i lng c trng cho it v baz -Tch s ion ca nc

Hot ng 2: - Cha bi tp SGK. - Bi tp b sung: Bi 1: 8.1, 8.2 (SBT) Bi 2: 8.4 (SBT) Bi 3: 8.6 (SBT)

-Axit l cht khi tan trong nc phn li ra H+ hoc l cht nhng proton -Baz l cht khi tan trong nc phn li ra OH- hoc l cht nhn proton -Cht lng tnh l cht va c kh nng th hin tnh axit va c kh nng th hin tnh baz - Mui l cht khi tan trong nc phn li ra cation KL(hoc NH4+)v anion gc axit 2. Ka,Kbl nhng i lng c trng cho lc axit v lc baz ca axit yu v baz yu trong nc 3. Tch s ion ca nc KH2O= [H+] [OH-]=10-14 4- [H+]; pH c trng cho mi trng 5- Cht ch th. II. Bi tp

Bi 6

Phn ng trao i trong dung dch cc cht in ly

I. Mc tiu bi hc: 1. Kin thc: Hiu c iu kin xy ra phn ng trao i ion trong dung dch cht in ly. Hiu c phn ng thu phn mui. 2. K nng: Vit phng trnh ion rt gn ca phn ng. Da vo iu kin xay ra phn ng trao i trong dung dch cht in ly bit c phn ng xy ra hay khng xy ra. V tnh cm thi : -Rn luyn tnh cn thn, t m I. Chun b: - Chun b cho mi nhm hc sinh 4 ng nghim, gi ng nghim. - Dung dch: NaCl, AgNO3, NH3, NaCH3COO, Al2(SO4)3, Giy qu tm. II. Cc hot ng dy hc:

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THPT V Trng Ton Nguyn Anh Duy

Gio n 11CB I. k xy ra phn ng trao i trong dung dch cht in ly:

Hot ng 1: - Hng dn HS lm t/ngia Na2SO4 v BaCl2,vit pt phn ng dui dng ion v chi ra thc cht ca phn ng l s phn ng gia 2 ion Ba2+ v SO42- to thnh kt ta. - Tng t: Vit phung trnh phn t, ion v rt gn ca phn ng CuSO4 v NaOH. Hot ng 2: - Vit pt phn t,ion v ion rt gn ca phn ng gia 2 dung dch NaOH v HCl? - gia Mg(OH)2 vi axit mnh HCl? -t/n: dung dnh HCl vo cc ng NaCH3COO, thy c mi gim chua. - Hy gii thch hin tng v vit phng trnh phn t ng di dng phn t, ion v ion rt gn. Hot ng 3: - HS lm t/n: Nh vi git dd AgNO3 vo dung dch NaCl. Gn ly kt ta AgCl. Nh dd NH3 vo kt ta AgCl cho n khi tan ht (to ion phc in ly yu). Hot ng 4: - HS lm t/n,vit pt phn ng di dng phn t, ion v ion rt gn khi cho dung dch HCl tc dng vi dung dch Na2CO3? - tng t vi dung dch HCl v kt ta CaCO3.

1. Phn ng to thnh cht kt ta: VD1: Na2SO4+BaCl2 ---> BaSO4+2NaCl Phng trnh ion: 2Na++SO42-+Ba2++2Cl---- > BaSO4+2Na++2ClPhng trnh ion rt gn: Ba2+ + SO42- --- > BaSO4 VD2: CuSO4 + NaOH * Ch : Cht d tan v in ly mnh vit thnh ion. - Cht kh, kt ta, in ly yu nguyn dng phn t. 2. Phn ng to thnh cht in ly yu: a. Phn ng to thnh nc: VD1: NaOH + HCl --- > NaCl + H2O Na+ + OH- + H+ + Cl- --- > Na+ + Cl- + H2O H+ + OH- --- > H2O VD2: Mg(OH)2+ HCl --- > b. Phn ng to thnh axit yu: VD1: NaCH3COO + HCl c. Phn ng to thnh ion phc: VD: Phng trnh phn t: AgCl + 2NH3 --- > [Ag(NH3)2]+Cl(ion phc)

3. Phn ng to thnh cht kh: VD1: H++Cl-+2Na++CO32--- > 2Na++2Cl+CO2+H2O 2H++ CO32- CO2+H2O VD2: CaCO3 + HCl Kt lun: - Phn ng trao i trong dung
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THPT V Trng Ton Nguyn Anh Duy

Gio n 11CB

TIT 2 Hot ng 6: T/n :nhng qu tm vo 4 dd : + ng 1: Nc ct + ng 2: Dung dch NaCH3COO + ng 3: Dung dch Al2(SO4)3 + ng 4: Dung dch NaCl - Nhn xt v kt lun mi trng ca dd - Khi ho tan mt s mui vo nc xy ra phn ng trao i ion gia mui v nc lm pH bin i. Hot ng 7: - T t/n bit dung dch NaCH3COO c pH 7..., phn ng ny lm tng [OH-] nn mi trng c pH 7. - Nhn xt thnh phn mui NaCH3COO? - Sp gia axit v baz no? mnh hay yu? - Mui tao bi axit yu v baz mnh khi thu phn cho mi trng kim. - T t/n bit dung dch Al2(SO4)3 c pH7... - Nhn xt thnh phn muiAl2(SO4)3? sn phm gia axit v baz no?, mnh hay yu? - Mui axit khi ho tan trong nc phn ly ra cc ion lng

dch cht in ly thc cht l phn ng gia cc ion. - Phn ng trao i trong dung dch cht in ly ch xy ra khi c t nht mt trong cc iu kin sau: + To thnh cht kt ta. + tothnh cht kh. + To thnh cht in ly yu
II. Phn ng thu phn ca mui:

1. Khi nim s thu phn ca mui: * Phn ng trao i ion gia mui ho tan v nc lm cho pH bin i l phn ng thu phn ca mui. 2. Phn ng thu phn ca mui: *Mui to b axv yu v baz mnh -- >dd c mi trng kim. VD1: Dung dch NaCH3COO c pH > 7 NaCH3COO+H2O < -- > CH3COOH+OH(HOH) [OH ] -- > pH > 7 *mui to bi axmnh, baz yu-- > dd c mi trng axit VD2: dung dchAl2(SO4)3 cpH <7 Gii thch:Al2(SO4)3 -- > 2Al3+ +3SO42Al3++HOH -- > Al(OH)2++H+ [H+] -- > pH <7 *dd mui ca ax yuv baz yu mi trng ph thuc vo s thu phn ca 2 ion VD3: Dung dch Fe(CH3COO)3 Fe(CH3COO)3 -- >Fe3++3CH3COO*dd mui axit mi trng ph thuc bn cht anion VD4: Dung dch NaHCO3 NaHCO3 -- > Na++HCO3*dd mui c ax mnh ,baz mnh - 14 -

THPT V Trng Ton Nguyn Anh Duy

Gio n 11CB

tnh th mi trng ca dung dch tu thuc bn cht anion. - Mui to bi axit mnh v baz mnh khi tan trong nc khng b thu phn. Hot ng 8: Ch dng qu tm nhn bit cc dd sau: HCl ; NaOH ; Na2CO3 ; Ba(NO3)2

>trung tnh VD5: Dung dch NaCl NaCl -- > Na++ClKt lun: SGK

Bi 7 I- Muc tiu bi hc

luyn tp

1-V kin thc -Cng c kin thc v phn ng trao i trong dd cht in li. 2 V k nng Rn k nng vit phng trnh phn ng di dng ion v ion rt gn II-Cc hot ng dy hc A Kin thc cn nh: 1-iu kin xy ra phn ng trao i trong dd cht in li 2-Phn ng thu phn ca mui l g?Nhng trng hp no xy ra phn ng thu phn? 3- phng trnh ion rt gn c ngha g ? B Bi tp 1- a) Khng xy ra b) Pb2+ + H2S -- > PbS + 2H+ c) Pb(OH)2 + 2OH- -- > PbO22- + 2H2O d) SO32-+ H2O < -- > HSO3- + OHe) Cu2+ + H2O < -- > Cu(OH)+ + H+ g)AgBr + 2S2O32- -- > [Ag(S2O3)2 2++ Brh) SO32- + 2H+ --> H2O + SO2 i) HCO3- + H+ -- > H2O + CO2 2-B; C 3- SO32- + H2O2 -- > SO42- + H2O SO42- + Ba2+ -- > BaSO4 4- Ho tan cc ho cht vo nc c cc dd - dng CaCO3 nhn bit gim -dng NaOH nhn bit bt n v phn : NH4HCO3 + NaOH --> NaHCO3 ++ H2O + NH3 (mi khai )

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THPT V Trng Ton Nguyn Anh Duy

Gio n 11CB

Al2(SO4)3 + 2NaOH --> Na2SO4 + Al(OH)3 (kt ta trng) Al(OH)3 + NaOH --> NaAlO2 + H2O (tan kt ta) - dng H2O2 v h tinh bt nhn bit mui iot : 2I- + H2O2 --> I2 + 2OH(I2 lm h tinh bt c mu xanh) 5- MCO3 + 2HCl --> MCl2 + H2O + CO2 (1) NaOH + HCl --> NaCl + H2O (2) nHCl = 0,02 x 0,08 = 0,0016 mol nNaOH =0,00 564 x 0,1 = 0,000564 nHCl p (1) = 0,0016 -- 0,000564 = 0,001036 mol nMCO3 = 1/2 nHCl = 0,000518 mol MMCO3 = 0,1022 : 0,000518 = 197 MM = 137 ---> M l Ba

BAI 8 Bi thc hnh s 1 Tnh axit-baz ; phn ng trong dd cht in li

I - Mc tiu 1-V kin thc Cng c cc kin thc v axit-baz v iu kin xy ra phn ng trao i ion trong dung dch cc cht in li. 2-V k nng. Rn luyn k nng tin hnh th nghim vi lng nh ha cht. II Chun b dng c th nghim v ho cht cho mi nhm thc hnh. Dng c th nghim. - a thu tinh - ng nghim. - ng ht nh git - Tha xc ha cht. - B gi th nghim. 2 Ho cht. SGK III. Gi t chc hot ng thc hnh ca hc sinh. Th nghim 1: Tnh axit baz. a) Chun b v tin hnh th nghim. HS tin hnh nh SGK. b) Quan st hin tng xy ra v gii thch. - HS: Quan st v ghi chp cc hin tng phn ng xy ra. - HS: Gii thch cc hin tng . Th nghim 2: Phn ng trao i ion trong dung dch cht in li. a) Chun b v tin hnh th nghim. HS tin hnh nh SGK. b) Quan st hin tng xy ra v gii thch.
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THPT V Trng Ton Nguyn Anh Duy

Gio n 11CB

- HS: Quan st v ghi chp cc hin tng phn ng xy ra. - HS: Gii thch cc hin tng . IV. Ni dung tng trnh th nghim. Tn HS.Lp Tn bi thc hnh. Ni dung tng trnh. Trnh by cch tin hnh th nghim, m t hin tng quan st c, gii thch v vit phng trnh ho hc(nu c) cc th nghim sau: Th nghim 1: Tnh axit baz. Th nghim 2: Phn ng trao i ion trong dung dch cht in li.

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