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Bi tp kinh t vi m

BI TP KINH T VI M - BT KINH T VI M
Mt hng sn xut c hm cu l:Q=130-10P
a) Khi gi bn P=9 th doanh thu l bao nhiu?Tnh co gin ca cu theo gi ti
mc gi ny v cho nhn xt.
b) Hng ang bn vi gi P=8,5 hng quyt nh gim gi tng doanh thu.quyt
nh ny ca hng ng hay sai?V sao?
c) Nu cho hm cung Qs=80, hy tnh gi v lng cn bng?Tnh co gin ca
cu theo gi ti mc gi cn bng v cho nhn xt.
A) THAY p=9 vao ham cau ta duoc q=40 khi ta suy ra R=P.Q= 9.40=360
Ep=(-10).9/ 40= -2,25
nhan xet; ham cau co dan vi Ep=2,25
B)cung tuong tu nhu tren ta thay vao ham cau ta duoc q=45 nen khi do ta suy ra doanh thu
luc bay gio la R2=45.8,5=382,5 > 360 nen khi ta ha gia thi tong doanh thu se tang nen
cach lua chon nay dung
C)vi tai vi tri can bang thi th trng se ; ham cau = ham cung nen:
Qs=Qd =>p=5
Ep=(-10).5/ 80= -0,625
nhan xet: ham cau it co dan
Mt hng cnh tranh hon ho c hm tng chi ph la TC=Qbnh+Q+169 trong
Q l sn lng sn phm con TC o bng $
a. hy cho bit FC,VC,AVC,ATC,v MC
b. nu gi th trng l 55$,hy xc nh li nhun ti a hng c th thu c
c. xc nh sn lng ha vn ca hng
d. khi no hng phi ng c sn xut
e. xc nh ng cung ca hng
f. gi s chnh ph nh thu 5$/n v sp th iu g s xy ra?
g. khi mc gi trn thi trng l 30$ th hng c tip tc sn xut ko v sn lng
l bao nhiu?
a/ FC:chi ph c nh, l chi ph khi Q= 0, FC = 169
VC l chi ph bin i, = TC - FC = Q bnh + Q
AVC:chi ph bin i trung bnh, = VC/Q = Q+1
ATC: chi ph trung bnh = AVC+AFC hay = TC/Q = Q+1+169/Q
MC: chi ph bin, = (TC)' = 2Q+1
b/ Gi P = 55, ti a ha li nhun, MC=P
=> Q = 27 v TR-TC = 55x27 - 27x27-27-169 = 560
c/Ha vn khi TC=TR <=> PQ=TC
55P= Q bnh +Q+169 => Q= 50,66 hay Q = 3,33
d/ Hng ng ca khi P< ATC min
M ATC = Q+1+169/ Q
Ly o hm ca ATC = 1 - 169/Q bnh
=> Q= 13 => ATC min = 27
Vy khi gi < hay = 27, hng s ng ca sn xut
e/ng cung ca hng l ng MC, bt u t im ng ca P=27 tr ln.
f/ Nu CP nh thu 5$ th chi ph sn xut mi mc s tng ln 5$. ng cung dch ln
trn, im ng ca dch ln thnh 32.
g/Khi gi l 30, nu nh sau khi nh thu th s khng sn xut v n di im ng

ca l 32.
Cn trc khi nh thu gi l 32 th vn s sn xut.
NSX s sn xut sao cho MC=P
<=> 2Q+1 = 32 => Q= 15,5
hm cu v hm s cung ca mt sn phm c cho doi y
cu: P=-1/2Q+100; cung: P=Q+10 (P: ng, Q:kg)
1.Hy tm im cn bng ca th trng
2.Hy tnh co gin ca cung v cu theo gi ti im cn baengf cu th trng
3.Hy tnh thng d sn xut, thng d tiu dng, thng d ton x hi. Gi s
chnh ph nh thu 5ng/vsp.Tn tht x hi do thu gy ra l bao nhiu? v
sao li c khon tn tht ?
4.Nu nh nc p t mc gi trn cho sn phm l 50 ng, hy tnh khon tn
tht v ch ca phc li x hi v hy gii thch ti sao li c khoan tn tht ny?
a) Ti im cn bng: PE=PS=PD, QE=QS=QD=> Gii pt cung cu c: PE=70 V QE=60
b) Ed= Q'd*P/Q= - 2,33, Es= Q's*P/Q= 1,167
c) v hnh ra c : CS= 900, PS=1800=> NSB=CS+PS=2700
G/S CP nh thu vo ngi sn xut l : t= 5=> PS=Q+15
im cn bng mi: PE'=71.67, QE'=56,67
gi m ngi tiu dng phi tr: PD= Gi cn bng sau thu= 71,67
gi m ngi sn xut phi tr: PS= 71,67- T=66,67
CS=802,73, PS= 1605,74=> NSB= 2408,47
Phn mt khng l: 291,53
d)PC= 50 => QD=100,QS=40=> DWL= 300
Trong cnh tranh c quyn:nu chnh ph nh thu a ngn ng/sn phm, th
sn lng ti u, gi bn v li nhun ca doanh nghip thay i nh th no?
Gi s hm tng chi ph trc thu l TC th MC= TC'
Khi chnh ph nh thu a ng/sp Th hm tng chi ph mi l
TC1= TC+a*Q nn MC1=TC1'=TC'+(a*Q)'=MC+a
C li nhun ti a th MR=MC1
Gii ra tm c P v Q lc
v tnh c li nhun ti a
khi chnh ph nh thuc ngn ng/ sn phm th gnh nng thu kha ny ai l
ngi phi gnh chu? c th l bao nhiu?
Khi chnh ph nh thu thng thng c nh sn xut ln ngi tiu dng u phi chu
thu
theo cng thc nh sn xut phi chu 1 khon thu bng (Ed*t)/(Es-Ed) cn ngi tiu
dng chu (Es*t)/(Es-Ed) . Do vy khi Ed>Es th ngi sn xut phi chu phn ln thu v
ngc li khi Es>Ed th gnh nng thu dn vo ngi tiu dng
Khi Ed=Es th thu c phn b u cho c hai bn
Ngoi ra khi Ep<1 th khi gi hng ha tng th tng doanh thu s tng v ngc li
khi khng c h s co gin th ta c th dng h s gc trong phng trnh cung v cu
tnh t trng phan b thu
Nh l (Ed*t)/(Es-Ed)=(Ad*t)/(As-Ad) vi As v Ad ln lt l h s gc ca ng cung v
ng cu
Mt hng cnh tranh hon ho c hm tng chi ph la TC=Qbnh+Q+169 trong
Q l sn lng sn phm con TC o bng $
a. hy cho bit FC,VC,AVC,ATC,v MC
b. nu gi th trng l 55$,hy xc nh li nhun ti a hng c th thu c
c. xc nh sn lng ha vn ca hng
d. khi no hng phi ng c sn xut
e. xc nh ng cung ca hng
f. gi s chnh ph nh thu 5$/n v sp th iu g s xy ra?

g. khi mc gi trn thi trng l 30$ th hng c tip tc sn xut ko v sn lng


l bao nhiu?
a.
FC = TCq=0 = 169
VC = TC FC = Q2 + Q
AVC = TC/Q = Q + 1 + 169/Q
MC = (TC) = 2Q + 1
b. Khi P = 55 $
DDK ti a ho li nhun P = MC
55 = 2Q + 1
=> Q = 27
Li nhun ti a:
TR TC = 55*27 (272 + 27 + 169) = 560
c. Hng ho vn khi P = ATC min
ATC = Q + 1 +169/Q
ATCmin (ATC) = 0
Q = 13
d. Hng ng ca sn xut khi: P = AVCmin
AVC = Q + 1 => AVCmin = 1
Vy khi P = 1 hng ng ca sn xut
e. ng cung ca hng l ng MC bt du t im P > AVCmin
P = 2Q + 1 (vi P > 1)
f. Nu Chnh Ph anh thu 5$/n v sn phm khi :
TC = Q2 + Q + 169 + 5Q = Q2 + 6Q + 169
MC = 2Q + 6
AVCmin = 6, hng ng ca sn xut khi P = 6
ng cung ca hng P = 2Q + 6
g. Khi mc gi trn th trng P = 30 $
ATCmin = 27, ta thy ATCmin > P
hng tip tc sn xut
Sn lng khi : Q = 14.5
Chu y :Q2 = Qbinh
Mt bi gii khc: xin cc bn cho kin
a/ FC:chi ph c nh, l chi ph khi Q= 0, FC = 169
VC l chi ph bin i, = TC - FC = Q bnh + Q
AVC:chi ph bin i trung bnh, = VC/Q = Q+1
ATC: chi ph trung bnh = AVC+AFC hay = TC/Q = Q+1+169/Q
MC: chi ph bin, = (TC)' = 2Q+1
b/ Gi P = 55, ti a ha li nhun, MC=P
=> Q = 27 v TR-TC = 55x27 - 27x27-27-169 = 560
c/Ha vn khi TC=TR <=> PQ=TC
55P= Q bnh +Q+169 => Q= 50,66 hay Q = 3,33
d/ Hng ng ca khi P< ATC min
M ATC = Q+1+169/ Q
Ly o hm ca ATC = 1 - 169/Q bnh
=> Q= 13 => ATC min = 27
Vy khi gi < hay = 27, hng s ng ca sn xut
e/ng cung ca hng l ng MC, bt u t im ng ca P=27 tr ln.
f/ Nu CP nh thu 5$ th chi ph sn xut mi mc s tng ln 5$. ng cung dch ln
trn, im ng ca dch ln thnh 32.
g/Khi gi l 30, nu nh sau khi nh thu th s khng sn xut v n di im ng
ca l 32.
Cn trc khi nh thu gi l 32 th vn s sn xut.

NSX s sn xut sao cho MC=P


<=> 2Q+1 = 32 => Q= 15,5
1 doanh nghip trong thj trng cnh tranh hon ho c hm AVC = 2Q + 10 trong
do AVC n v l USD . Q l n v 1000 sn phm.
a) vit phng trnh biu din ng cung ca doanh nghip
b)khi gia bn ca sn phm la 22 USD th doanh nghip ha vn . Tnh chi ph c
nh ca doanh nghip nu doanh nghip tit kim c 1000 usd chi ph c nh
th li nhun ca doanh nghip l bao nhiu
c)nu chnh ph tr cp 2 usd trn mt n v sn phm bn ra th doanh nghip
s la chn mc sn lng no tnh li nhun thu c
a. Ta c:
VC = AVC.Q = 2Qbnh + 10Q
MC = (VC)' = 4Q + 10
Do y l doanh nghip cnh tranh hon ho => Ps= MC = 4Q + 10.
Vy ng cung ca doanh nghip c phng trnh l Ps = 4Q + 10.
b. Doanh nghip ha vn =>> TR = TC <=> P.Q = VC + FC.
<=> 22.Q = 2Qbnh + 10Q + FC
<=> FC = 12Q - 2Qbnh
T cu a, ta c Ps = 4Q + 10 => Q = (P - 10)/4 = (22 - 10)/4 = 3
Thay Q = 3 vo ta c:
FC = 12.3 - 2.3bnh = 18 (nghn USD)
Ta c: TC = VC + FC = 2Qbnh + 10Q + 18
Li nhun doanh nghip thu c:
TP = TR - TC = P.Q - (2Qbnh + 10Q + 18) (1)
Khi doanh nghip tit kim c 1000USD chi ph c nh:
TP = TR - TC2 = P.Q - (2Qbnh + 10Q + 17) (2)
T (1) v (2) suy ra, khi doanh nghip tit kim c 1000USD chi ph c nh th li nhun
ca doanh nghip s tng thm 1000USD. Trc khi tit kim, doanh nghip ha vn, vy
sau khi tit kim, tng doanh thu ca doanh nghip l 1000USD.
c. Khi chnh ph tr cp cho doanh nghip 2$/ 1 sn phm:
MCe = MC - e = 4Q + 10 - 2
=> MCe = 4Q + 8.
Trc khi c tr cp th doanh nghip ang ha vn. La chn sn xut ca doanh nghip
lun nhm ti a ha li nhun, do :
P = MCe => 22 = 4Q + 8 => Q = 3,5 (nghn sn phm)
Li nhun m doanh nghip thu c:
TP = TR - TC = P.Q - (2Qbnh + 10Q + 18 - 2Q)
= 22.3,5- (2.3,5bnh + 10.35 + 18 - 2.3,5) = 6,5 (nghn $)
Mt ngi tiu dng c hm li ch : U = 1/2 X.Y v ng ta c khon thu nhp
480$. mua X, Y vi Px = 1$, Py= 3$.
a. ti a ho li nhun vi thu nhp cho, ng ta s mua bao nhiu sn phm
X? bao nhiu Y?. Tnh li ch thu c
b. Gi nh thu nhp ng ta gim ch cn 360$, kt hp X, Y c mua l bao nhiu
li ch ti a. Tm li ch .
c. Gi nh rng gi ca Y khng i, gi X tng thm 50% th k hp X, Y c
chn l bao nhiu li ch ti a ho vi I = 360$.
a,ta c:I=X.Px+Y.Py =>480=1X+3Y (1)
ng thi th iu kin ti a ha li nhunh th:
(MUx/Px)=(MUy/Py) =>(0,5Y/1)=(0,5X/3) (2)
t (1) v(2) ta c: X=210 v Y=80
li ch l:TU=0,5.210.80=8400
b,khi thu nhp gim cn 360 th
360=1X+3Y (1'')

t (1'') v (2) ta c h pt =>gii ra ta c tng t


c,v gi hng ha X tng ln 50% nn Px''=1,5
h pt: 360=1,5X+3Y
v (0,5Y/1,5)=(0,5X/3)
suy ra X=120 ,Y=60
1 doanh nghip cnh tranh hon ho c hm chi ph bin i bnh qun: AVC
=2Q+4 (USD)
a, Vit phng trnh biu din chi ph bin v xc nh mc gi m doanh nghip
phi ng ca sn xut.
b, Khi P= 24 USD th doanh nghip b l 150 USD. Tm mc gi v sn lng ha
vn.
c, doanh nghip sn xut bao nhiu sn phm ti a ha li nhun nu gi bn
P= 84 USD
tnh Q ti u? li nhun max?
a,theo ra ta c:AVC=2Q+4 suy ra MC=VC'(Q)=TC'(Q)
vi VC=AVC*Q=2Q^2+4Q ==> MC=4Q+4
mt khc y l th trng cnh tranh hon ho nn Ps=4Q+4 (Q>0)
doanh nghip ng ca sn xut khi P=AVCmin vi AVCmin=4 ==> P=4
b,khi P=24 doanh nghip thua l 150 do ta s thy l :TR-TC=-150
==> 24*Q-(2Q^2+4Q)-FC=-150 ==>FC=20Q-2Q^2+150 (1)
m khi p=24 th Q=(24-4)/4=5 thay vo 1 ta c FC=200
nh vy th TC=VC+FC= 2Q^2+4Q+200 (2)
=>ATC=2Q+4+200/Q
Khi doanh nghip ha vn th P=ATCmin
vi ATCmin <=> ATC'=0 <=> 2-(200/Q^2) =0 =>Q=10
Thay vo Ps ta c: P= (4*10)+4=44
c, vi gi P=84 th doanh nghip ti a ha li nhun khi P*=MC
=> 84=4Q+4=> Q*=20
TPmax= 20*84- 2*20^2+4*20+200=1680-1080=600
01doanh nghip c hm s cu :P= 16-Q+24/Q ;
v TC = 43+4Q
a. hy vit hm s chi ph bin, doanh thu, chi ph bin, chi ph bin i, li nhun
b. Hy xc nh sn lng, tng doanh thu, tng li nhun, gi th trng trong cc
trng hp :
+ Khi DN theo ui mc tiu ti a ha li nhun
+Khi DN theo ui mc tiu ti a ha s lng bn vi iu kin khng l
+ Khi DN theo ui mc tiu ti a ha doanh thu khng km theo iu kin rng
buc
+ Khi DN theo ui mc tiu tng li nhun =16
+ Khi DN theo ui mc tiu t li nhun nh mc trn chi ph bnh qun 20%
a/ MC=(TC)'=4
TR=P*Q=Q*(16-Q+24/Q)
=16Q-Q^2+24
Khi Q=0 th FC=TC=43
=> VC=TC-FC=4Q
LN=TR-TC=12Q-Q^2-19
b/
+. LN max <=> MC=MR => 4=16-2Q => Q=6,P=14 => TR=84, TC=67, LN=17
+. LN>=0 <=> 12Q-Q^2-19>=0 => 1,8<Q<10,1 => Q=10 =>P=8.4 ,TR=84 ,LN=1
TR max <=> TR'=0 =>16-2Q=0 =>Q=8,P=11,TR=88,LN=13
+. LN=16 <=> 12Q-Q^2-19=16 => '+ Q=5=>P=15.8,TR=79
'+ Q=7 =>P=12.43,TR=87
=. LN=120%TC/Q <=> 12Q-Q^2-19=1,2*(43/Q+4) => + Q=8.5=>P=4.67,
TR=87.75,LN=10.75
+ Q=4.8=>P=16.2, TR=77.76,LN=15.56

bi 1 xt th trng cnh tranh hon ho. Hm s cu v hm s cung nh sau:


Qd=3280 - 8p
Qs = 282 + 2p
a/ Xc nh sn lng v gi c cn bng. Tnh h s co gin gia cu v cung ti
thi im cn bng. Nu chnh ph nh thu sn lng th ai chu thu nhiu hn?
ti sao ?
b/ Chnh ph nh thu sn lng l 30. Xc nh hm cung mi. Tnh sn lng
v gi c cn bng trong th trng ny.
c/ Nu chnh ph n nh mc gi sn Pr = 350 th lng d tha l bao nhiu.
trong trng hp chnh ph mua ht lng d tha: xc nh doanh thu ca nh sx
trc v sau khi chnh ph p dng gi sn, xc nh chnh ph phi chi ra cho
chnh sch ny
a/ Khi can bang thi Qs=Qd => 3280-8P=282+2P => P=300 =>Q=880
Ed=Qd'*P/Q=-8*300/880=-2.73
Es=Qs'*P/Q=2*300/880=0.75
b/Ban co the noi ro hon cau nay uoc ko? chinh phu anh thue vao tung san pham hay
anh thue tong cong la 30?
c/ Neu chinh phu at gia san P=350 thi Qs=982 va Qd=480 => luong du thua la DT=502
Truoc khi at gia san thi doanh thu cua nha SX la: TR1=P*Q=264000
Sau khi at gia san :TR2=350*982=343700
Chinh Phu phai chi ra mot khoan T=(982-480)*350=175700
xt th trng c quyn hon ton. h s cu: P = 1240-2Q. hm tng chi ph ca
doanh nghip: TC = 3Q2 + 240Q + 35000
a/ xc nh hm s: TFC, TVC, AFC, AVC, ATC, MC ca doanh nghip.
b/ xc nh sn lng v gi ti a ha li nhun? tnh li nhun ca doanh
nghip?
c/ Tnh h s lerner v cho bit quyn lc c quyn ca doanh nghip cao hay
thp?
d/ nu th trng cnh tranh hon ho th gi bn v sn lng bao nhiu?
e/ nu chnh ph nh gi trn Pc = 980 th doanh nghip s sx bao nhiu? lng
thiu ht l bao nhiu
a/ Ta c khi Q=0 Th FC=TC => FC=35000
=> AFC=FC/Q=35000/Q
VC=TC-FC=3Q^2+340Q
=> AVC=VC/Q=3Q+340
=>ATC=TC/Q=3Q+340+35000/Q
MC=VC'=6Q+340
b/ Ta c TR=P*Q=1240Q-2Q^2
=> MR=TR'=1240-4Q
ti a ha li nhun <=> MC=MR <=>1240-4Q=6Q+340 =>Q=90
=>P=1060 =>LN=TR-TC=14500
c/ H s Lener : L=(P-MC)/P=(1060-880)/1060=0.17
=> Quyn lc c quyn ca doanh nghip thp
d/ Nu th trng l cnh tranh hon ho th MR=P
=> ti a ha li nhun <=> MC=P <=> 1240-2Q=6Q+340 =>Q=112.5 =>P=1015
e/ Nu Chnh Ph t gi trn P=980 th XN s SX lng sn phm Q=107 trong khi luong
cau la Q=130 => luong thieu hut =23
hm cung v hm cu ca loi bnh AFC trn th trng nm 2007 nh sau
hm cung : Qs = 12P - 15
hm cu : Qd = -8P + 45
(Q : ngn hp, P : ngn ng / hp)
a/ gi v sn lng cn bnng trn trng ca bnh AFC nm 2007 l bao nhiu ?
b/ do nhu loi bnh mi xut hin trn th trng, cu v bnh AFC nam 2008
gim 10%. hy tnh tc ng ca vic gim cu ny i vi gi v sn lng bnh
AFC u nam 2008 ?
c/ tnh co gin ca cung v cu bnh AFC theo gi ti im cn bng nm 2007
v 2008 ?

a/ Th trng cn bng <=> Qs=Qd => 12P-15=-8P+45 =>P=3 =>Q=21


b/Do c tc ng nn lng cu gim 10% =>Qd*=90%Qd=-7.2P+40.5
=>Khi th trng cn bng th gi v lng sn phm u nm 2008 : Qd*=Qs =>
-7.2P+40.5=12P-15
=> P=2.9 =>Q=19.7
c/ Nm 2007
Ti im cn bng: Ed=Qd'*P/Q=-8*3/21=-1.143
Es=Qs'*P/Q=12*3/21=1.174
Nm 2008
Ti im cn bng: Ed=(Qd*)'*P/Q=-7.2*2.9/19.7=-1.06
Es=Qs'*P/Q=12*2.9/19.7=1.766
hm cung v cu th trng ca sn phm X c cho nh sau
Qd = -2P + 100
Qs = 2P-20
(P: ngn ng/ sn phm, Q : ngn sn phm)
a/ xc nh gi v sn lng cn bng trn th trng. Tnh thng d tiu dng,
thng d sn xut v tng thng d x hi
b/ nu chnh ph nh gi trn cho sn phm X l 25. Hy tnh lng thiu ht
c/ nu chnh ph nh gi cho sn phm X l 35. tnh lng d tha
d/ nu chnh ph nh thu 5 ngn ng / sp. hy tnh gi v sn lng cn bng
trn th trng, khon thu trn mi sn phm m ngi tiu dng v ngi sn
xut phi chu, khon thu m nh nc thu c
a/ Khi th trng t cn bng <=> Qs=Qd => -2P+100=2P-20 =>P=30 =>Q=40
P=-Qd/2+50
P=Qs/2+10
Thng d tiu dng: CS=1/2*(50-30)*40=400
Thng d sn xut: PS=1/2*(30-10)P40=400
=> Tng thng d x hi: =PS+CS=800
(My ci ny v hnh th tnh ton s d dng hn )
b/ Nu chnh ph t gi trn l 25 th lc lng cu v lng cung ca th trng l:
Qd=50,Qs=30
=> Lng thiu ht l TH=50-30=20
c/ Nu chnh ph t gi sn l 35 th:
Qs=30,Qd=50=> Lng d tha: DT=50-30=20
Mt hng sn xut c hm cu l:Q=130-10P
a) Khi gi bn P=9 th doanh thu l bao nhiu?Tnh co gin ca cu theo gi ti
mc gi ny v cho nhn xt.
b) Hng ang bn vi gi P=8,5 hng quyt nh gim gi tng doanh thu.quyt
nh ny ca hng ng hay sai?V sao?
c) Nu cho hm cung Qs=80, hy tnh gi v lng cn bng?Tnh co gin ca
cu theo gi ti mc gi cn bng v cho nhn xt.
a) Ta c: P=9 thay vo pt ng cu ta c: Q=130-10x9=40.
Ta li c TR=PxQ= 9x40= 360
Vy khi gi bn l P=9 th doanh thu l TR= 360.
Ta c: Q= 130-10P => (Q)`= -10
co gin ca ng cu = (Q)`x P\Q= -10x9\40= -2,25
Vy khi gi thay i 1% th lng cu thay i 2,25%
b) Khi gi l P= 8,5 th lc lng cu s l Q=130-10x8,5=45
Lc doanh thu s l TR= 8,5x45=382,5
Vy khi hng quyt nh gim gi th doanh thu t c ln hn. Quyt nh ca hng l
ng.
c) Ti v tr cn bng ta c: Qd=Qs
<=> 130-10P=80
<=>10P=50
<=>P =5
=>Pe=5.

Qe=Qs=80.
Vy mc gi cn bng l P=5, mc sn lng cn bng l Q=80
co gin ca dong cu= -10x5/80= -0,625.
Vy khi gi thay i 1% th lng s thay i 0,625%
Cho bit h s co gin cu v xe my i vi gi ca n l 1,7.H s co gin v xe
my i vi gi xng l 0,6.H s co gin cu v xe my vi thu nhp l 1.D bo
trong nm ti gi xng tng 10%, thu nhp tng 10%. Hy xc nh u ca cc
h s co gin trn. gi nguyn lng cu v xe my trong nm ti bng nm
nay th nn thay i gi xe my theo chiu hng no v thay i bao nhiu %?
do gi tng thi luong cau ve xe may giam nn Ep = -1.7
tuong tu: do gi xng tng ngi ta s mua t xe my i nn Ek = -0,6
Ei = 1 vi thu nhap tang ngui tiu dng giu c hn nn mua nhiu hon
gia xang tang 10 % thi luong tieu dung tang -6 %
thu nhap tang 10 % thi .............................10%
luong tieu dung tng 4%.suy ra d luong tieu dung trong nm ti ko i th nn tang gi xe
my d luong cau giam -4% =>gia tang 4:1.7=.....%
Mt ngi tiu dng c thu nhp l I -1,5triu/thng mau hai hng ha X v Y.
Gi ca hng ha X l 15,000ng/kg v hng ha Y l 5000 ng/kg Hm tng
li ch c hco bi TU = 2XY
A. Xc nh kt hp tiu dng ti u? Li nhun ha ti a thu c bao nhiu.?
B. Nu thu nhp tng ln gp i th kt hp tiu dng ti u mi l bao nhiu?
C. Nu thu nhp ca ng tiu dng vn l 1,5 triu/thng nhng gi ca hng ha X
gim cn 10,000ng/kg, Xc nh kt hp tiu dng ti u mi.
a/Ta c: MUx=2Y, MUy=2X
=> kt hp tiu dng ti u th X,Y phi tha mn h phng trnh:
15000X+5000Y=1500000
MUx/MUy=Px/Py
=>X=50,Y=150 =>li nhun ti a thu c l: TU=2*50*150=15000
b/ Nu thu nhp tng ln gp i m gi cc hng ha khng thay i th kt hp tiu dng
ti u l : Xo=2X=100 , Yo=2Y=300 (ta cng c th dng cch gii nh cu a gii phn
ny)
c/Nu gia hng ha X gin cn 10000 th kt hp ti u th X*,Y* phi tha mn h sau
10000X*+5000Y*=1500000
MUx/MUy=Px/Py
=> X*=75,Y*=150
mt hng c quyn c ng cu Q=120-P tng chi ph ngn hn TC=2Q(lp
phng)-6Q(bnh)-31Q+120
a, vit phng trnh biu din cc chi ph ngn hn
hng s sn xut ban nhiu sn phm ti a ha li nhun.khi gia bn,tng
doanh thu,tng chi ph v li nhun ca hng l bao nhiu?xc dnh mc sn lng
hng ti a ha doanh thu.khi gi bn, tng doanh thu,tng chi ph v li
nhun ca hng l bao nhiu?
d,gi s chnh ph dnh thu l 30 ng/1 n v sn phm .khi gi bn, doanh
thu,li nhun s thay i nh th no?
a/ Ta c:
khi Q= 0 th FC=TC =>FC=120 =>VC = 2Q^3 - 6Q^2 - 31Q
MC= TC'=6Q^2 - 12Q - 31
TR=P*Q=Q*(120 -Q)=120Q -Q^2
=> MR=TR'=120 - 2Q
ti a ha li nhun th MC=MR
=> 6Q^2 -12Q -31=120 -2Q => Q=5.9 =>P= 114.1
=> TR=673.2, TC= 139, LN=534.2
ti a ha doanh thu th MR=0
=> 120 -2Q=0 =>Q=60 =>P=60, TR=3600, TC=214260 ,LN= -210660 (l)

b/ nu chnh ph nh thu 30/sp th chi ph cn bin s thay i


MCo=120 -2Q +30=150-2Q
ti a ha doanh thu th MR=MCo
=> 6Q^2 - 12Q - 31=150 - 2Q => Q=4.7 ,P=115.3 ,TR=541.9 ,TC= 190.4 (lc ny hm
tng chi ph l : TC= 2Q^3 - 6Q^2 -31Q +120 + 30Q)
=> LN=351.5
cu v sn phm X l P=90-Q.th trng ny do 1 hng c quyn khng ch.chi
ph ca hng c quyn C=480+q^2+4q
a, hy xc nh gi v sn lng cn bng cho hng c quyn ny
b, hng tao ra bao nhiu li nhun v thng d tiu dng?nu hng mun ti a
ha doanh thu th phi chn mc gi v sn lng l bao nhiu?khi li nhun
thu c l bao nhiu?
c, gi s chnh ph t gi trn l 60 th hng sn xut bao nhiu t c li
nhun ln nht?luc thng d tiu dng l nh th no?
a/ Gi v sn lng cn bng khi v ch khi Ed = Qp'*P/Q = - 1
=> -1*(90 -Q)/Q =-1 => Q=45, P=45
b/ Ti im cn bng : TC= 2685, TR= P*Q= 2025 => LN= -660 (l)
Thng d tiu dng: CS= 1/2*(90-45)*45 = 1012.5
(ci ny bn v hnh th tnh ton s d dng hn)
TR= P*Q =90Q - Q^2 => MR= 90 - 2Q
ti a ha doanh thu th MR=0 => P= Q = 45
=> LN= -660 (nh trn)
Bn cng c th ni lun rng khi gi v sn lng cn bng thi doanh thu t ti a
c/ Nu chnh ph t gi trn l 60 th luc
TR =60* Q, TC= 480 + Q^2 + 4Q => LN= TR - TC = 56Q - Q^2 - 480
li nhun t ti a <=> Q= 28 => LN = 304
Lc CS= 420 (ci ny bn phi v hnh thi)
mt hng c quyn c ng cu Q=50-P; AVC=Q-6; FC=40
a, gi v sn lng ti a ha li nhun ca hng l bao nhiu?tnh li nhun ti a
?
b, xc nh h s co dn ca cu ti im ti a ha li nhun
c, nu chnh ph t gi trn l 25/1 on v sn phm th nh c quyn s sn
xut bao nhiu?li nhun ca n s l bao nhiu?
d, gi s chnh ph tr cp 6 ng/1 n v sn phm v t mc gi sao cho nh
c quyn sn xut mc sn lng cao nht th chnh ph phi chn mc gi
no?
a/ Ta c:
TR=Q*P=50Q-Q^2 => MR=50-2Q
VC= AVC*Q=Q^2 - 6Q => MC= 2Q - 6
ti a ha li nhun th MC=MR => 4Q= 56 =>Q=14, P=36
=> LN= TR - TC =TR - VC -FC = 352
b/Ti im ti a ha li nhun th: Ed= Qp'*P/Q = -2.57
c/Nu chnh ph t gi trn l 25/1vsp th
P= 50 -Q = 25, TR= 625, TC= VC + FC = 515 => LN = 110
th trng sn phm A coi l canh tranh hm cu v hm cung c cho bi sau
y:
Pd=100-Q
Ps=10+Q
a, xc nh mc gi v sn lng cn bng ?
b,tnh thng d tiu dng v thng d sn xut
c, nu chnh ph n nh mc gi P=50 th iu g s xy ra?
d, nu chnh ph nh thu 10 /1 sn phm bn ra th im cn bng ca th
trng s thay i nh th no?
a/ Ti im cn bng th:

Ps=Pd => 100-Q=10+Q =>Q=45 ,P=55


b/ Thng d tiu dng; CS=1/2*45*(100-55)=1012.5
Thng d sn xut: PS=1/2*45*(55-10)=1012.5
c/ Nu chnh ph n nh mc gi l P=50 th lng cu l Qd=60 trong khi lng cung
l Qs=40 => thiu ht
d/ Nu chnh ph nh thu 10$/1sp th nh sn xut s ng bn sn phm vi mc gi
Ps'= 20+Qs
=> im cn bng mi Pd=Ps' =>20+Q=100-Q
=> Q=40,P=60
mt hng canh tranh hon ho c AVC=3Q+4
a, xc inh cung sn phm ca hng
b,nu gi bn l 55 th hng l l 120 hy xc inh gi v sn lng ha vn ca
hng khi chi ph c nh ca hng l bao nhiu?
c, nu gi bn ca th trng l 60 hy xc inh mc sn lng ti a ha li
nhun ca hng.khi doanh thu v li nhun ca hng l bao nhiu?
d, hy xc nh thng d sn xut ti im ti a ha li nhun?
a/ Ta c: VC=AVC*Q=3Q^2+4Q => MC=VC'=6Q+4
Do y l th trng cnh tranh hon ho nn ng cung ngn hn ca hng chnh l
ng chi ph cn bin nm pha trn AVC min
hay P= 6Qs +4 (vi Q>=0)
b/ TC=VC+FC=3Q^2 +4Q +FC
Khi P=55 =MR (Do cnh tranh hon ho)=> Q=8.5
=> TR=P*Q=55Q,TC=250.75+FC
Ta li c TR-TC=-120 => 467.5-250.75-FC=-120 => FC=336.75
=> TC=3Q^2+4Q+336.75 => ATC=3Q+4+336.75/Q >= 67.5
Ti im ha vn P=ATCmin=67.5
c/ Nu P=60 =>MR=60
ti a ha li nhun th MC=MR =>Q=28/3=9.3
=>TR=560,LN=-75.4
d/ Ti a ha li nhun trong cu ny ng vi P=? vy hay l dng P cu trn
1 doanh nghip c quyn mua vi biu cu:
P 50 40 30 20 10
Q 5 10 15 20 25
T cho s liu hp l hm AE?
Xc nh sn lng doanh nghip ti a ha li nhun?
Xc nh Ps (thng d sn xut) m ngi bn b mt?
Chnh ph nn quy nh gi no ti a ha tng thng d?
1.hm AE chnh l hm cung ca doanh nghip c quyn mua .bn ch cn cho hm
h s gc dng l c.
hm cu ca doanh nghip c quyn mua tnh c l P=60-2Q.m hm cu ca doanh
nghip trng vi hm MV=>MV=60-2Q.ta cho hm AE=Q+20=>S=Q+20 v ME=2Q+20.
ti a ha li nhun th MV=ME <=>60-2Q=2Q+20 <=>Q=10 =>P=30
2.V hnh ta thy MV=Ps=>Q*=40/3=>P*=100/3
PS*=1/2(100/3-20).40/3=800/9
PS=1/2(30-20).10=50
=>PS-PS*=350/9
3.Chnh ph s quy nh gi ti P* khong b mt khng hay tng thng d l ti a
Mt doanh nghip sn xut vi AC=300 + 96500/Q v ng cu P=1000-Q
a, quyt nh ca doanh nghip ti a ha li nhun l bao nhiu?tnh li nhun
ln nhy ?
b, doanh nghip s t gi no ti a ha doanh thu
c, xc nh mc gi v sn lng doanh nghip bn c nhiu sn phm nht
m khng b l?
d, mc sn lng ti u cho xa hi l bao nhiu? v li nhun ca doanh nghip l
bao nhiu?

y l doanh nghip c quyn t nhin do AC=300+96500/Q


=>TC=300Q+96500=>MC=300.M MR=1000-2Q
ti a ha li nhun th:MR=MC<=>10002Q*=300=>Q*=350,P*=650,TR=227500,TPmax=26000
b>ti a ha doanh thu:MR=0<=>Q=500,P=500,TRmax=250000,TP=3500
c> la chn sn lng ln nht m ko b l th TR=TC<=>(1000Q).Q=300Q+96500<=>Q=511,26 V Q=188,75(Loi)=>P=488,74
d>do l doanh nghip c quyn t nhin nn sn lng ti u ca x hi chnh l
Q=511,26 v hnh ta thy ngay.TP=0.Do gi v sn lng lm trn nhiu qu nn tnh ko ra
TP=0.Bn ly s c th nha
biu sau y vi ng cu ca sn phm Y.vi chi ph binh qun khng i l
14USD
GI(ng/sp) 24 21 18 15 12 9
LNG(1000d/sp) 0 700 1400 2100 2800 3500
a, hy xc nh gi v sn lng ti a ha li nhun cho nh c quyn ?khi
doanh thu v li nhun l bao nhiu?
b, hy xc nh h s co dn ca cu v tnh thng d tiu dng ti mc gi ti a
ha li nhun
c, hy xc nh h s sc mnh c quyn v phn mt khng?
d, gi s chnh ph nh thu c nh T=1000 vo nh c quyn khi gi v sn
lng thay i nh th no?
e, gi s chnh phr nh thu l 2USD/1sp bn ra khi gi,sn lng,doanh thu
v li nhun thay i nh th no?
f, x hi c li g nu nh c quyn sn xut im cn bng cnh tranh ?ai
c li v ai b thit?
gii h pt ta c:P=24-3/700.Q.MC=AC=14,MR=24-3/350Q
MR=MC<=>Q*=3500/3,P*=19,TR=66500/3,TP=17500/3
b>E=-700/3.19.3/3500=-19/5
CS=1/2.(24-19).3500/3=17500/6
c>L=-1/E=5/19,PS=(19-14).3500/3=17500/3
d>nh thu c nh th ko nh hng n mc sn lng v gi nhng TPm=TP-1000
e>MCt=MC+2=16.MR=MC<=>243/350Q=16=>Qt=2800/3,Pt=20,TRt=56000/3,TPt=11200/3
f>lc ny x hi ko c mt ko v ngi c li l tiu dng do CS Tng v ko c li l doanh
nghip v PS gim?
Mt hng c quyn c ng cu v sn phm l P= 30-0.5Q , hm tng chi ph
ca nh c quyn nu l TC= 14Q
1, Tnh gi v sn lng ti a ha li nhun . Tnh gi tr thng d tiu dng v
thng d sn xut ti mc gi v sn lng ti u ny .
2, Tnh ch s o lng sc mnh ca nh c quyn v phn mt khng do nh
dc quyn gy ra .
3, Khi chnh ph thu thu l 1/ n v sn phm th gi v sn lng ti u cng
nh li nhun ca nh c quyn thay i nh th no ?
4 , V th minh ha
1.TR=P*Q=30Q-0.5Q^2
=>MR=30-Q
MC=TC'=14
Ti a ha li nhun <=> MR=MC => Q=16
=> P=22
Thng d tiu dng: CS=1/2*(30-22)*16=64
Thng d sn xut: PS=TR-VC=128
2. Ch s sc mnh : L=(P-MC)/P=0.27
Nu l th trng hon ho th:
Tng ch li x hi = PS*+CS*= 240
=> Phn mt khng do th trng c quyn gy ra:
DL=PS*+CS*-PS-CS=48
3. Khi chnh ph nh thu 1/1sp th hm chi ph cn bin lc ny l:

MC*=15
ti a ha li nhun th: MR=MC* => Q=15,P=15
LN= TR-TC=0
Gi nh hm s cung v hm s cu th trng go ca Vit Nam l:
Qs=20P-100 v Qd=80-10P
a) Hy xc nh gi c cn bng,s lng cn bng v m t bng th?
b) h tr cho ngi tiu dng,nh nc n nh gi ti a P=5.5 ,hi lng
thiu ht trn th trng l bao nhiu?
c) gii quyt lng thiu ht ,nh nc nhp khu go vi gi quy i l 6.5
,trng hp ny ngn sch nh nc phi b l s tin l bao nhiu ?L ngi tiu
dng bn c li g khi nh nc thc hin nhp khu thay v phn phi theo nh
lng /?
a) cn bng th trng <=>Qs= Qd<=>20P-100=80-10P <=> P*=6 => Q*=20
(bn v ng cung ng cu ln th th im m 2 ng y ct nhau chnh l im
cn bng, gi cn bng =6 v lng cn bng = 20)
b) khi chnh ph p t gi P=5,5$ < P*
khi Qs=20*5,5-100=10 v Qd=80-10*5,5=25
=> Qd>Qs=> thiu ht th trng = Qd-Qs= 25-10=15
c) gii quyt lng thiu ht, nh nc phi nhp khu vi gi 6,5$ =>vi lng thiu
ht l 15( n v g ) th s ngn sch nh nc phi chi = 15*6,5=97,5($)
* l ngi tiu dng,khi chnh ph phi nhp go b phn thiu ht do chnh ph p t
gi trn < gi cn bng, th chng ta- nhng ngi tiu dng s mua c sn phm vi gi
r hn, nn s mua nhiu hn;)
Th trng sn phm X c hm cung v cu c dng=60-1/3Qd ,p=1/2Qs-15
a)Gi s chnh ph nh thu l gim sn lng cn bng xung v bng 84.Xc
nh mc thu chnh ph nh vo mi sn phm la bao nhiu?
b) tin thuu m ngi tiu dng phi chu trn mi sn phm?
c)S thay i trong thng d tiu dng v thng d sn xut khi chnh ph nh
thu?
d) tn tht v ch xy ra khi chnh ph nh thu
a)* Cn bng cung cu khi chnh ph cha nh thu
<=> 60-(1/3)*Q=(1/2)*Q-15<=>Q*=90=>P*=30
v khi c thu, sn lng cn bng gim=> thu nh vo cu( gia tng=> cu gim)
* Gi s chnh ph nh thu mi sn phm l t($)
khi hm cumi l Pd'= Ps+t=(1/2)*Q-15+t
=>cn bng cung cu mi l <=> 60-(1/3)*Q=(1/2)*Q-15+t
m lng cn bng mi l 84, thay vo phng trnh cn bng cung cu mi => t=......
vy chnh ph nh vo mi sn phm l......$
B)Gi cn bng sau khi c thu l P=......=> so vi gi cn bng lc u th ngi tiu dng
s c mua dt hn... /1 sn phm=> ngi tiu dng phi chu...../1 sn phm
c)cu c v d, bn ch cn v hnh ra l s thy
khi cha c thu, thng d sn xut l phn din tch nm di ng gi cn bng,trn
ng cung,thng d tiu dng l phn din tch nm trn ng gi cn bng, di ng
cu
**** Khi c thu, th thng d sn xut l phn din tch nm trn dng cung, di ng
gi cn bng mi, v c ging ln t lng cu Q=84 na( b chn y), thng d tiu
dng l phn din tch di ng cu, trn ng gi cn bng mi, v cng b chn bi
ng thng ging t 84 thng ng ln
Cho hm s cung v cu ca sn phn X c dng P= Q+ 20 v P= -2Q+ 140. Nu
chnh ph nh thu mi Click here
l 9vt, th gi cn bng mi l bao nhiu?
nu ko i th th ny nh:
Nu chnh ph nh thu mi sn phm l 9dvt ==> Hm cung mi nh :
P=Q + 20 + 9 = Q + 29 (1)

Hm cu gi nguyn : P= -2Q + 140 (2)


Gi bn gii h 2 ptrinh (1) v (2) l c gi v lng cn bng mi. ( P*, Q*)
Cho cc thng tin sau v th trng sn phm A: Ga th trng t do ca sn phm
l 10 nghn ng/n v, sn lng trao i l 20 nghn n v. Co gin ca cu
theo gi hin hnh l -1, co gin cung mc gi l 1.
a. Hy vit ptrnh ng cng v ng cu ca th trng v sn phm ny, bit
rng chng l ng thng.
b. V th ng cung v ng cu va tnh c
c. Tnh thng d tiu dng, thng d sn xut v li ch rng x hi mc gi cn
bng th trng.
d. mc gi v sn lng ny tng doanh thu bng bao nhiu v t ti a
cha?
a)
Gi s phng trnh ng cu l Q=aP+b (a<0)
Theo gi thit co dn ca cu bng -1 <=> (dQ/dP)*(P/Q)=-1<=> a*10/20=-1<=>a=-2
thay a=-2, P=10, Q=20 vo phng trnh ng cu ta c:
20=-2*10+b <=>b=40
vy phng trnh ng cu l: Q=-2P+40 (1)
Tng t, gi s phng trnh cung l Q=cP+d
co dn ca cung bng 1 <=> (dQ/dP)*(P/Q)=1<=>c*10/20=1<=>c=2
Thay c=2 , P=10, Q=20 vo phng trnh hm cung ta c:
20=2*10+d <=>d=0
vy phng trnh hm cung l Q=2P
b) v hnh th bn t v nh
c) theo bi ra, cn bng th trng ti im P*=10 v Q*=20
v khng c hnh v nn mnh ni cch tnh thui bn nh
* thng d tiu dung(CS) l phn din tch nm trn ng gi, di ng cu ( ng gi
l ng //0x k t 10 ra, ng cu bn v ra nh tnh c th s tnh c CS)
* thng d sn xut l phn din tch nm trn ng cung, di ng gi( ng cung l
ng tnh cu a, ng gi vn nh trn)
d)ti P*=10, Q*=20 ta c TR=P*Q=10*20=200
vy doanh thu ca hng l 200$
t phong trnh hm cu Q=-2P+40 <=> P=-0,5Q+20 <=>TR=P*Q=-0,5Q^2+20Q<=>
MR=-Q+20
hng ti a ho doanh thu<=> MR=0<=> Q=20 <=>P=10vaayj ti mc gi v sn lng
cn bng th hng ti a ha doanh thu
Mt hng cnh tranh hon ho in hnh c tng chi ph ngn hn: TC= 100+ 7Q +
Q.Q v TC= 4Q + Q.Q
a) Tm sn lng ti u ca hng gi 35$/ v? Li nhun ti a thu c?
b) Mc gi cn bng ca th trng di hn? Khi gi th trng gim xun 25$/ v
th hng nn ng ca sn xut khng? ti sao/
c) Xc nh ng cung ngn hn, di hn ci hng?
Mc gi cn bng di hn xc nh bi im y ca ng LAC
ta c P=LAC min=4
c- Gi ha vn P=27$ bng cch gii pt MC=AC
Gi ng ca Po=7$ bng cch gii pt MC=AVC
mc gi Po=7$<P=25$<27$ nn hng cn tip tc sn xut b li mt phn chi ph c
nh.
d- ng cung ngn hn P=2q+7
ng cung di hn P=2q+4
Updated:
a vn cha gi c phn a sao?
Sn lng ti u Q=14 bng cch gii pt MC=7+2Q=35
Li nhun ti u l 14.35-(100+14.7+14.14)=96$

mt hng cnh tranh hon ho c hm tng chi ph oc cho bi


. TC= 5+2q+0,2q^2 . gi th trng l 6
a/sn lng ti a ha li nhun ca hng l bao nhiu?tnh li nhun m hng
thu c
b/tnh gi v sn lng ha vn ca hng,gi thp nht m hng c th sn xut
trong ngn hn l mc no
a) T TC= 5+2Q+0,2Q^2, ta tnh c MC=(TC)'= 2+0,4Q
Trong cnh tranh hon ho ti a ha li nhun hng sn xut theo nguyn tc MC=P
( vi P l gi th trng)
Tng ng vi <=> 2+ 0,4Q= 6 <=> Q*=10
*vy sn lng ti a ha li nhun ca hng l 10
li nhun= TR- TC = P*Q- (5+2Q+0,2Q^2) = 6*10-(5+2*10+0,2*10^2)=25
b)Trong ngn hn
ATC=TC/Q= 5/Q+2+0,2Q
ATCmin<=>Q=5( tm min ca ATC vi Q l bin nh ton hc)
vi Q=5 => ATC=4
Ta c im ha vn ca hng l ti P=ATCmin=4 v sn lng Q=5
* FC=TC(Q=0)=5 => VC= 2Q+0,2Q^2=> AVC= 2+0,2Q>=2
m ta c hng s ng ca sn xut ti im m P=AVC min= 2
Vy gi nh nht m hng c th tip tc sn xut nm >2
1). Mt hng CTHH c hm chi ph bin i bnh qun nh sau: AVC = 2Q+4 ($)
1.Khi gi bn cu sn phm l 24$ th hng b thua l l 150$.Tm mc gi v sn
lng ha vn ca hng?
2. Hy xc nh ng cung ca hng v thng d sn xut ti mc gi 84$?
2 ) K hiu ca mn hc ny tht nhiu, v hay nhm na khng bit anh c cch
no phn bit chng v d nh khng a?nhiu cng thc na ch?V d
SAC,ATC,AVC,SMC,LAC....hu.
1) AVC = VC/Q=> VC= AVCxQ= 2Q^2+4Q
MC= VC'= 4Q+4
Doanh nghip ha vn => P=MC; P= AC (1)
Ta c li nhun pi = TR - TC= Q(P-AC) khi p= 24$ th hng b thua l 150$<=> Q(24-AC)=
-150 (2)
Kt hp 1 v 2 gii c P= AC= 40,4 ;Q= 9,1
2) ng cung S=MC
3) bn ch cn phn bit A: bnh qun, M: cn bin ; S: ngn hn; L: di hn; C: chi ph; T:
tng
vd: SAC l chi ph bnh qun ngn hn
mt hng c hm sx l Q=5KL hng s dng 2 u vo l vn K v lao ng L. gi
ca u vo tng ng l 2$/1 v vn; w=4$/1 v lao ng
1. gi s hng c mc chi ph l TC =$50000, khi hng s la chn mc u vo
ti u no ti a ha sn lng?
2. gi s gi ca vn tng ln 2 ln gi lao ng khng thay i hy tnh li cu 1?
Q=5KL =>MUk= Q'k=5L ; MUl=Q'l= 5K
r=2; w=4; TC=50 000 => 2K + 4L=50000(1)
iu kin ti a ha sn lng: MUk/r =MUl/w
=> L/2=K/4 hay L=2K
Th vo (1): 10K=50 000 => K=5000 =>L= 10000
cu 2 lm tng t vi r=4 nh!
Mt DN c quyn c chi ph cn bin ko i l 300$. Doanh thu bin = 1000 - 2Q.
Khi DN sn xut ra 500 sp th chi ph cho mi n v sp l 365$. Yu cu:
1, Nu c ton quyn hnh ng th DN s sn xut mc gi v sn lng no
ti a ha li nhun v ti a ha doanh thu.

2, DN nn t gi bao nhiu bn c nhiu sp nht m ko b thua l khi mi bc


vo th trng.
3, Gi s chnh ph quy nh mc thu t/v sp bn ra khi gi bn sn lng v
li nhun ca DN theo ui s thay i ntn? Xc nh t chnh ph thu c tin cao
nht.
1)ti a ha li nhun TP: cho MR=MC (MR l doanh thu bin nh.MC l chi ph cn bin
nh)=>Q*=350.
by gi ta tnh TP max.trc tin tm pt g cu D of dn.
TR (doanh thu) l ng hm of MR=>MR=1000Q-Q'2'
=>pt g cu D l P=TR/Q=1000-Q
Q*=350 th P*=650
.tm TC nhe(TC l tng chi ph ca dn).
(TC)'=(FC+VC)'=(VC)'=MC.=>VC l ng hm of MC=>VC=300*Q.(FC l chi ph c dnh
nh,VC l chi ph bin i)
chi ph cho xs 500sp l 500*365
=>500*365=VC+FC=300*500+FC
=>FC=32500.
t =>TC=300Q+32500=137500
TR=P*Q=227500
=>TP=90000

ti a ha doanh thu TR: th cho MR=0=>P,Q nh.

2)hng t gi P=ATC(ATC l tng chi ph bing qun)


m P=TR/Q
ATC=TC/Q
=>TR=TC hay 1000Q-Q'2=300Q+32500.gii ra nha.
3)c thu th MCt=MC+t=300+t
cho MR=MCt rt ra c Q=350-t/2
ttongr s thu cphu thu c l T=t*Q =>T=350t-t'2/2
Tmax khi T'=0 suy ra t=350 nha.
t tnh c Q,P,TP khi c thu nha.vy Q gim,P tng,li nhun b m
cn tng hay gim c th bao nhiu th bn t lam php tr nh
C hm cung v cu nh sau:
Qs = 12 + 2P
Qd = 40 - 5P
a) Tnh sn lng v gi cn bng.
b) Tnh co gin ca cu v cung theo mc gi cn bng
c) tng tng doanh thu cng ty nn tng hay gim gi nu hin ti cng ty ang
bn mc gi P = 6?
d) Tng doanh thu ca cng ty ln nht mc gi no?
a,ta c im cn bng Qs=Qd vy P=4; Q=20
b, co gin ca cung l Esp=2.4/20=0,4
co gin cua cu l:Edp=5.4/20=1
c, tng doanh thu th cog ty phi gim gi bn v hin ti cg tty ang bn vi ga cao
hn v tr cn bng do lm lng ngi mua t i
d, doanh nghip t tng doanh thu ln nht
ta co tng doangh thju nh sau:TR=P.Q=P(40-5P)
ta thy rng TR l hm bc hai vy TRmax khi o hm TRmin hay ni cch khc l hm
bc hai c b lm quay ln pha trn

40-10P=0 vy P=4
vy P=4 th tng doanh thu ln nht
Mt ngi tiu dng c thu nhp l I = 1.5triu ng/thng mua hai hng ha
X v Y.Gi ca hng ha X l 15.000 ng/kg v hng ha Y l 5000 ng/kg.Hm
tng li ch c cho bi TU=2XY.
a.Xc nh kt hp tiu dung ti u?Li ch ti a thu c l bao nhiu?
b.nu thu nhp tng ln gp i th kt hp tiu dng ti u mi l bao nhiu?
c.Nu thu nhp ca ngi tiu dng vn l 1.5 triu ng/thng nhng gi ca
hng ha X gim xung cn 10.000 ng/kg.Xc nh kt hp tieu dng ti u
mi.
Ta c Mux/Px= 2y/15000, Muy/py=2x/5000 v X.Px + Y.Py = I <==>15000X + 5000Y =
1.5tr
kt hp 2 phng trnh Mux/Px = Muy/py v X.Px + Y.Py = I
gii pt ra tm X, Y l xc nh c cch kt hp tiu dng ti u
C X, Y thay z TU = 2XY l tm c li ch ti a
My cu di tng t thi;)
Cho biu thc xc nh sn phm bin ca lao ng l (14 - 0,08L) vi L s lng
lao ng .
a.Hy tm biu thc m t cu v lao ng vi tin cng danh ngha W v mc gi
P.
b.Xc nh cu v lao ng khi tin cng danh ngha bng 4 nghn , 3 nghn , 1
nghn ng vi mc gi bng 1 .
c.V th ng cu lao ng .

Gi s l tin lng tt c cc cng nhn l nh nhau W.


Khi DN thu thm 1 cng nhn th h phi b ra W tin
H thu v (14-0,08L) sn phm v bn vi gi P
Nh vy h thu v t 1 cng nhn l (14-0,08L)P
Tin lng W l khng i, P khng i , m (14-0,08) gim dn. Do cng thu nhiu th
li nhun bin cng gim dn. DN s ti a ha li nhun khi ln nhun tng thm bin =
tin lng tr cho cng nhn thu thm. Theo :
W=(14-0,08L)P
Chuyn v tnh ton ta s c L= 175 - 12.5w/p (ging ch duyhien)
Nh vy l c biu thc v cu lao ng ri .
b/ Ch cn thay s tnh ton .
P=1000, W=4000, L=125
P=1000,W=3000, L=137.5
Cc Bn t tnh tip nha;)
V th, v ng thng L = 175 -12.5w/p : trc honh l w/p, trc tung l L, ng
thng i xung
1. ng thc no di y ch ra s ti a ha li ch i vi hai hng ha X1 v
X2:
a. MUx1 = MUx2 b. MUx1/MUx2 = Px1/Px2 c. MUx1/Px1 = MUx2/Px2 d. C b v c
2. Th trng cho hm cung cu sau Q = P-6 v Q= 22-P. Thng d tiu dng v
thng d sn xut ti im cn bng l:
a. CS =32:PS=23 b. CS=23;PS=23
c. CS=32 ; PS=32 d. Khng kt qu no ng.
3. Mt doanh nghip c TR = 1000Q - 10Q v VC=100Q+5Q
a. X nh Gi v sn lng khi doanh nghip theo ui mc tiu ti a ha li
nhun.?
b. Xc nh gi v sn lng khi doanh nghip theo ui mc tiu ti ha doanh
thu.
c. Nu nh thu t=10/sp xc nh gi v sn lng ti a ha li nhun sau thu?
d. V th minh ha cc kt qu.

1. ng thc no di y ch ra s ti a ha li ch i vi hai hng ha X1 v X2:


a. MUx1 = MUx2 b. MUx1/MUx2 = Px1/Px2 c. MUx1/Px1 = MUx2/Px2 d. C b v c
2. Th trng cho hm cung cu sau Q = P-6 v Q= 22-P. Thng d tiu dng v thng d
sn xut ti im cn bng l:
a. CS =32:PS=23 b. CS=23;PS=23
c. CS=32 ; PS=32 d. Khng kt qu no ng.
3. Mt doanh nghip c TR = 1000Q - 10Q v VC=100Q+5Q
a. X nh Gi v sn lng khi doanh nghip theo ui mc tiu ti a ha li nhun.?
ti a ha li nhun th MR=MC =>> P=700,Q=30
b. Xc nh gi v sn lng khi doanh nghip theo ui mc tiu ti ha doanh thu.
TI A HA DOANH THU TH MC=0 =>>P=500, Q = 50
c. Nu nh thu t=10/sp xc nh gi v sn lng ti a ha li nhun sau thu?
NU NH THU TH MCt= MC+10 =>> MCt=MR
d. V th minh ha cc kt qu.
Bi 1:
Mt nn kinh t ng c thu ph thuc vo thu nhp. T=tY, chi tiu h gia nh
C=100+0.8Yd u t d kin I =225, chi tiu chnh ph G=325
a. xc nh thu sut m bo ngn sch cn bng tai mc sn lng cn bng
b. Nu thu sut t= 0.4 hy xc nh mc sn lng cn bng v cn cn ngn
sch ti mc sn lng .
c. Nu chi tiu chnh ph gim xung 1 lng l 52 v thu sut l 0.4 th sn
lng cn bng mi thay i ntn?
Bi 2
Mt nn kinh t c cc thng s sau : C=100+0.8 Yd, I=40+0.16Y,T=50+0.2Y,
G=200,X=100,IM=25+0.05Y
a. Xc nh mc sn lng cn bng c nhn xt g v tnh trng ngn sch v cn
cn thng mai.
b. Nu xut khu tng thm l 17.5 tnh mc sn lng cn bng mi. Cn cn
thng mi thay i theo chiu hng no?
V nguyn tc ta c cng thc tng qut sau :
Y = C + I + G + NX (net export)
trong :
- NX (xut khu rng) = xut khu - nhp khu = X- Im
- C thng l mt hm tuyn tnh ca Yd; Yd (Y kh dng ) = thu nhp - thu = Y- T
- Cch tnh T nh th no, u bi s cho, thng thng T t l vi Y : T= tY
T cng thc trn ngi ta cho nhiu d liu phc tp, v d nh bi 2 , cng ch lm ri
mt mnh m thi.
Bi 1:
cu a: chu !Cha gp cu ny bao gi.
cu b: phng trnh trn trong bi ny s l :
Y = 100 + Yd + 225 + 325 (do kinh t ng nn k c NX)
= 100 + (1-t)Y + 225 + 325
vi t= 0.4 th Y = 1625
ngn sch thu vo 1625*0.4 =650. Trong khi chi tiu chnh ph ch c 325, vy thng
d 650-325 =325 (ci ny ch c trong l thuyt thi, he he)
c, chi tiu chnh ph gim 52 th G=325-52= 273.
Tnh tng t phn a, ta c Y=1495.
Hoc n gin hn l ly 1625 ban u tr i 52/0.4

Bi 2 : phng trnh trn tr thnh :


Y= C + I+ G + NX
Y= C + I+ G + X - Im
Y= 100+0.8 Yd + 40+0.16Y + 200 +100 - 25-0.05Y
C Yd = Y-T => Y = 100 + 0.8 (Y- 50-0.2Y) + 40 +0.16Y + 200 + 100 - 25 - 0.05Y
Y = 375 +0.75Y
= > Y = 1500
Ngn sch thu bng thu l 350, chi tiu chnh ph l 200, vy ngn sch thng d 150
Nhp khu t 100, vy thng mi cn bng.
b, khi X= 117.5 => Y = 1570
Im=103.5 => thng d thng mi 14
Mt hng bit c hm cu v sn phamcuar mnh l: P=100-0.01Qd; trong Q
l sn lng tnh bng n v. Hm tng chi ph c hng l:TC=50Q+30000
1.Vit phng trnh biu din tng doanh thu, doanh thu bin, chi ph bin
2.Xc nh sn lng ti u hng c th ti a ha li nhun.
3.Nu hng phi chu thu t=10vtt/n v sn phm th sn lng, gi c l bao
nhiu hng ny c th ti a ha li nhun?
P=100-0.01Qd, TC= 50Q+30000
1. TR= P*Q= 100Q- 0.01Q2
MR= TR'=100- 0.02Q , MC= TC'= 50
2. ti da ha li nhun: pi max<=> MR=MC<=>100-0.02Q= 50=> Q= 2500
3. TC= 50Q+30000+10Q=60Q+30000
Pi max <=>MR=MC<=>60 = 100-0.02Q<=>Q=2000=> P= 80
01doanh nghip c hm s cu :P= 16-Q+24/Q ;
v TC = 43+4Q
a. hy vit hm s chi ph bin, doanh thu, chi ph bin, chi ph bin i, li nhun
b. Hy xc nh sn lng, tng doanh thu, tng li nhun, gi th trng trong cc
trng hp :
+ Khi DN theo ui mc tiu ti a ha li nhun
+Khi DN theo ui mc tiu ti a ha s lng bn vi iu kin khng l
+ Khi DN theo ui mc tiu ti a ha doanh thu khng km theo iu kin rng
buc
+ Khi DN theo ui mc tiu tng li nhun =16
+ Khi DN theo ui mc tiu t li nhun nh mc trn chi ph bnh qun 20%
a. chi ph bin : MC = TC'=4
doanh thu TR= P*Q=16Q- Q2+24
chi ph bin i VC= 4Q
li nhun pi = TR-TC=12Q-Q2-19
B. khi DN theo ui mc tiu ti ha li nhun : pi max khi MR=MC
MR = TR'= 16- 2Q=>16-2Q=4=>Q=6, P= 14, TR= 84, TC= 67, pi = 84 -67 = 17
khi DN theo ui mc tiu ti a ha doanh thu : TR m khi MR = 0=>16-2Q = 0=>Q=8,
P=11, TR= 88, TC= 75, pi
Updated:
= 13
khi DN theo uui mc tiu tng li nhun =16=> pi= 16=>12Q- Q2-19=16=>Q212Q+35=0=> Q=7 , Q=5
Khi doanh nghip theo tui mc tiu t l li nhun inh mc trn chi ph bnh qun =
20%=>pi : AC= 1/5 <=>(12Q-Q2-19)Q/TC= 1/5 <=>(12Q2-Q3-19Q)*5 = 43+4Q
5Q3-60Q2+99Q+43=0
Khi doanh ngip theo uui ti a ha sn lng bn vi iiu kin khng l
pi =0=>12Q -Q2 -19=0
Gi s 1 ngi tiu dng co thu nhp I =60.000 mua hai hng ho X v Y vi
gi tng ng Px = 1.300 v Py= 1.000. Bit hm li ch ca ngi tiu dng l

TU (x,y) =X.Y
1, Vit phng trnh ngn sch ngi tiu dng v minh ho trn th?
2, tnh M,MUy v t l thay th cn bin gia hai hng ho ny?
3, ti a ha li ch, ngi tiu dng nn mua baoa nhiu hng ho X v Y? tnh
tng lic ch ti a ? Minh ho ln th?
4, Gi s hai hng ho khng i nhng thu nhp ca ngi tiu dng l 90.000.
Hy xc nh im tiu dng ti u mi ca ngi tiu dng? dng th minh
ho?
5, Nu thu nhp ca ngi tiu dng v gi hng ho X khng thay i cn gi
hng ho Y l 3.000 thi im tiu dng ti u mi thay i nh th no? Thit lp
biu cu hng ho Y v minh ho trn th?
pt g ns I=1300X+1000Y=60000 =>Y=60-13/10X
MUx=(TUx)'=Y
MUy=X
MRS=MUx/MUy=Y/X
ti a ha li ch tha mn h sau MUx/Px=MUy/Py V 1300X+1000Y=60000
=>X=300/13
Y=30
TU max=X*Y=300/13*30=900/13
Khi I=90000 pt dg ns mi l Y=90-13/10X
tng t nh trn nh.im tiu dng ti u chnh l im m ti ti ha li ch.sau
a li tm TU max
khi I=90000 Px ko thay i ,Py=3000,cng lp h tng t nhe'
biu cu l P=1000 3000
Q 45 15
bai 1.Cho hm cung,cu SP X: Qd= 40-P , Qs=10+2p
Tm gi v sn lng cn bng trn th trng.
bi 2.Th trng sn phm X dang cn bng mc gi P=15 vaQ=20.ti im cn
bng ny,h s ca cu co dn theo gi v ca cung theo gi ln lt l -1/2v
1/2.Gi d hm s cung v ham so cu l hm tuyn tnh.Xc nh hm s cung v
hm s cu th trng.
bi 3 Vo nm 2006,do xut khu c go nn cu v go tng.Hm cu go by
gi la: Qd1=110-10P.Xc nh gi v sn lng cn bng mi.
cu 1: cung cu cn bng nn ta c Qd=Qs=>40-P =10 + 2P
gii pt trn ta c : p=10, Q = 30.
cu 2: pt TQ cu Qd = a +bP, Qs= a1+b1P, p=15,Q=20
co gin cu theo gi ta c: Ep = (dQ/dP)P/Q)=-1/2
=> (15b/20)=-1/2
=>b=-4/3
=>thay vo pt t c a=40
vy pt cu :Qd= 40-4P/3
tng t: ta cng c Qs = 4P/3
cu 3:cng gii ging cu 1, Qd1=Qs
<=>10+2P=110-10p
<=>P=8.3
=>Q = 17.
Mt nh c quyn c hm tng chi ph: TC = Q2 + 6Q + 120. Sn phm ca nh
c quyn ny c bn trn th trng c hm cu l: P = 50 - 0,1Q.
1.Xc nh gi c v sn lng ti a ha li nhun ca nh c quyn.
2. Nu mc tiu l ti a ha doanh thu th quyt nh ca nh c quyn s nh
th no? Khi li nhun l bao nhiu?
3.Nu chnh ph nh thu c nh 1 ln T=100 th gi c, sn lng v li nhun
thay i nh th no?
a)iu kin ti a ha li nhun ca nh c quyn : MR=MC
MC=TC'=2Q+6 v MR=TR'=(P*Q)'=(50Q-0,1Q2)=50-0,2Q

=>2Q+6=50-0,2Q=>Q=20 , P=48
b) ti a ha doanh thu TR max khi MR=0=>50-0,2Q= 0<=>Q=250 , P=25 Khi : pi=
TR- TC= - 57870=> Doanh nghip b l
c) T= 100=> TC= Q2+6Q+220
P= 48, Q= 20 nhng pi = TR- TC= 960-740= 220
gi la nm va qua l 2000$/kg; sn lng cn bng l 5000 tn. nm nay do hn
hn nn nhng ngi nng dn trng la b mt ma. h s co dn ca cu v la
theo gi c l - 0.6
-thu nhp ca ngi trng la nm nay l tng hay gim so vi nm trc?
- gi la nam nay tng ln 2500$/kg, sn lng la can bng nm nay l bao
nhiu?
- thu nhp ngi nng dn trng la thay i bao nh?
- thu nhp ca ngi trng la nm nay tng hay gim so vi nm trc?
tra li:
h s co dn ca cu v la theo gi c l|- 0.6|<1
Cu co gin t nn P& TR ng bin. Khi gi ca th trng gim th thu nhp ca nng dn
gim xung so vi trc.
-gi la nam nay tng ln 2500$/kg, sn lng la can bng nm nay l bao nhiu?
Ta c: Ed=P/Q*(Q2-Q1)/(P2-P1)=>Q(nam nay)=2500*1.5/|-0.6|=6250(tn)
-thu nhp nm nay=2500*6250*10^3=15625*10^6 triu ng
thu nhp nm ngoi=2000*5000*10^3=10000*10^6 triu ng
Phn trm thu nhp nm ngoi=10000*10^6/(15625*10^6+10000*10^6)=~ 10%
Phn trm thu nhp nm nay=15625*10^6/(15625*10^6+10000*10^6)=~90%
Vy thu nhp ca ngi nng dn nm nay tng hn 9 ln so nm ngoi.

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