B GIAO THNG VN TI

HC VIN HNG KHNG VIT NAM

BO CO
N IN T CNG SUT
ti: Thit k v thi cng mch kch Thyristor chnh lu hnh tia 1 pha

GVHD : thy NG HONG TNG

Sinh vin thc hin (lp DVK2):
- Nguyn Quang Thin
- Trang Quc Khi
- V Phi Sn
- Nh Thanh Bnh

TP.H Ch Minh, 11/2010

in t cng sut Mch kch thyristor

Mc lc
Chng I: GII THIU S LC V THYRISTOR.............................................5
I. Cu to - nguyn l lm vic ca Thyristor....................................................5
1.Cu to: ...........................................................................................................5
2. Nguyn l lm vic ca thyristor:...................................................................5
II. c tuyn Volt - Ampere ca Thyristor:.......................................................6
III. Cc thng s ch yu ca Thyristor. ............................................................7
1. in p thun cc i (Uth.max):..................................................................7
2. in p ngc cc i (Ung max):...............................................................7
3. in p nh mc (Um): ................................................................................8
4. in p ri trn Thyristor:............................................................................8
5. in p chuyn trng thi (Uch): .................................................................8
6. Dng in nh mc (Im): ...........................................................................8
7. in p v dng in iu khin (Ukmin, Ikmin): ....................................8
8. Thi gian m Thyristor (Ton): ......................................................................8
9. Thi gian kho Thyristor (Toff ): .................................................................8
10. Tc tng in p thun cho php (du/ dt): .............................................8
11. Tc tng dng thun cho php (di/ dt): ...................................................8
IV. M Thyristor: .................................................................................................9
1.Cc bin php m Thyristor:...........................................................................9
2. Kho Thyristor: ..............................................................................................9
Chng II: NGUYN TC IU KHIN THYRISTOR.......................................10
I. Nguyn tc chung iu khin thyristor :.......................................................10
II. Nguyn tc iu khin acrcoss : ...................................................................10
Chng III: THIT K V THI CNG MCH IU KHIN THYRISTOR .....11
I. Mt s yu cu i vi mch iu khin: .....................................................11
1. Yu cu v ln in p v dng iu khin:............................................11
2. Yu cu v rng xung iu khin:............................................................11
3. Yu cu v dc sn trc ca xung: ....................................................11
4. Yu cu v tin cy:...................................................................................11
5. Yu cu v lp rp vn hnh: .......................................................................11
II. Cc khi mch iu khin Thyristor: ..........................................................11
1. Khi ngun: ..................................................................................................12
2. Khi cch ly ng vo v ra: .........................................................................12
3. Khi ng b : ..............................................................................................12
5.Khi to dng xung: ......................................................................................13
III. Tnh ton chn MBA mt pha: ...................................................................13
1. Xc nh tit din thc ca li st ( So): ......................................................13
2. Tnh s vng dy mi volt : W ......................................................................14
3. Xc nh s vng dy ca cun s cp v th cp MBA: W1, W2,W3 ........14
4. Tnh chn ngun chnh lu DC cung cp cho mch iu khin Thyristor: .14
IV. S nguyn l v tnh ton linh kin cho mch iu khin mt pha
dng Thyristor: ...................................................................................................15
1. S nguyn l: ..........................................................................................15

in t cng sut Mch kch thyristor

2. Gii thch s nguyn l :..........................................................................15

3. Dng th m phng s mch bng Proteus:.......................................16
4. Tin hnh lp rp mch: ..............................................................................17
VI. Hng pht trin ca ti: .......................................................................18
VI. Hng pht trin ca ti: .......................................................................19
VII. Ti liu tham kho ......................................................................................19

in t cng sut Mch kch thyristor

Li cm n
ti mch kch thyristor l mt ti kh, i hi nhiu s tm ti v
nghin cu trong qu trnh nhm chng em thc hin. Bn cnh , chng em cng
xin chn thnh cm n thy Ng Hong Tng hng dn, to iu kin cho
nhm c s dng phng th nghim kim tra kt qu mch kch.

in t cng sut Mch kch thyristor

NI DUNG
Chng I: GII THIU S LC V THYRISTOR
I. Cu to - nguyn l lm vic ca Thyristor
1.Cu to:
Thyristor cn gi l SCR (Sillcon Controlled Rectifier) l loi linh kin 4
lp P N t xen k nhau. tin vic phn tch cc lp bn dn ny ngi ta t
l P1, N1, P2, N2, gia cc lp bn dn hnh thnh cc chuyn tip ln lt t trn
xung di l J1, J2, J3.
S cu trc, k hiu, s tng ng v cu to ca thyristor c
trnh by H1

H.I.1a.

H.I.1b

H.I.1c

H.I.1d

A : Ant
K : catt
G : Cc iu khin
J1, J3 : Mt tip gip pht in tch
J2 : Mt tip gip trung gian
H.I.1a : S k hiu ca SCR
H.I.1b : S cu trc bn lp ca SCR
H.I.1c : S m t cu to ca SCR
H.I.1d : S tng ng ca SCR
2. Nguyn l lm vic ca thyristor:
C th m phng mt Thyristor bng hai transistor Q1, Q2 nh H.I.1d.
Transistor Q1 ghp kiu PNP, cn Q2 kiu NPN.
Gi 1, 2 l h s truyn in tch ca Q1v Q2. Khi t in p U ln hai u A
&K ca Thyristor, cc mt tip gip J1 & J3 chuyn dch thun, cn mt tip gip
J2 chuyn dch ngc ( J2 mt tip gip chung ca Q1 & Q2). Do dng chy qua
J2 l IJ2
IJ2 = 1.Ie1 + 2.Ie2 + Io.
Io : L dng in r qua J2
Nhng v Q1 & Q2 ghp thnh mt tng th ta c:

Ie1 = Ie2 = IJ2 = I.

Do IJ2 = I = 1 I + 2 I + Io

in t cng sut Mch kch thyristor

Suy ra => I = Io / [1-( 1 + 2 )]

(1)
Do J2 chuyn dch ngc nn hn ch dng chy qua n, dn n 1, 2
cng iu c gi tr nh, I Io, c hai transistor trng thi ngt.
T biu thc (1) ta thy rng dng in chy qua Thyristor ph thuc vo h s
truyn in tch 1 & 2. Mi quan h gia v dng emiter c trnh by
H.I.2. Nh vy khi 1 + 2 tng dn n 1 th I tng rt nhanh. Theo s tng
ng ca SCR H.I.1d ta c th gii thch nh sau:

1
Ie
0
H.I.2

Dng IC1 chy vo cc B ca Q2 lm cho

Q2 dn v IC2 tng, tc IB1 cng tng (IC2 = IB1)
khin Q1 dn mnh
IC1 tng v c tip din nh
th. Hin tng ny gi l hi tip dng v dng,
to iu kin lm tng trng nhanh dng in chy
qua Thyristor.
Dng Ie1 tng lm cho 1 tng (H.I.2), cn
tng Ie2 lm cho 2 tng. Cui cng thc hin c
iu kin (1 + 2)
1, c hai transistor chuyn
sang trng thi m, lc ny ni tr gia A v K ca

SCR rt nh.
Vy mun lm cho Q1, Q2 t trng thi ngt chuyn sang trng thi bo ho
(hay mun m Thyristor) ch cn lm tng IB2. lm c vic ny ngi ta
thng cho mt dng iu khin Ik chy vo cc cng ca Thyristor, ng theo
chiu IB2 trn H.I.1d.
II. c tuyn Volt - Ampere ca Thyristor:

H.I.3
H.I.3 c tuyn Volt - Ampere ca Thyristor
Ith max : Gi tr cc i dng thun
Uth
: in p thun

in t cng sut Mch kch thyristor

Ung
Udt
Ing
Io
Idt
u

: in p ngc
: in p nh thng
: Dng ngc.
: Dng r qua Thyristor
: Dng duy tr.
: in p ri trn Thyristor

gii thch c ngha vt l ca ng c tuyn Volt - Ampere

Thyristor, ngi ta chia ra lm bn on nh s la m nh H.I. 3b:
- on (I) ng vi trng thi ngt ca Thyristor. Trong on ny (1+2)<1,
c dng r qua Thyristor I Io, vic tng gi tr U t c nh hng n gi tr dng
I. Khi U tng n gi tr Uch (in p chuyn mch) th bt du qu trnh tng
trng nhanh chng ca dng in,Thyristor chuyn sang trang thi m.
- on (II) ng vi giai on chuyn dch thun ca mt tip gip J2 (Q1, Q2
chuyn sang trng thi bo ho). giai on ny, mi mt lng tng nh dng
in ng vi mt lng gim ln ca in p. on ny c gi l on in tr
m.
- on (III) ng vi trng thi m ca Thyristor. Trong on ny c 3 mt
tip gip J1, J2, J3 iu chuyn dch thun, mt gi tr in p nh c th to ra
mt dng in ln. Lc ny dng in thun ch cn b hn ch bi in tr mch
ngoi, in p ri trn Thyristor rt nh. Thyristor c gi trng thi m chng
no dng Ith cn ln hn dng duy tr Idt.
- on (IV) ng vi trng thi ca Thyristor khi ta t mt in p ngc ln
n (cc dng ln catt, cc m ln Anod). Lc ny J1, J3 chuyn dch ngc, cn
J2 chuyn dch thun, v kh nng kho ca J3 rt yu nn nhnh ngc ca c
tnh Volt-Ampere ch yu c quyt nh bng kh nng kho ca mt tip gip
J1, do c dng nhmh ngc ca c tnh diod thng. Dng in Ing c gi tr
rt nh Ing Io. Khi tng Ung n gi tr Ut (in p nh thng) th J1 b chc
thng v Thyristor b ph hng. V vy trnh h hng cho Thyristor ta khng nn
t in p ngc c gi tr gn bng Ut ln Thyristor.
Nu cho nhng gi tr khc nhau ca dng iu khin Ik th s nhn c
mt h ng c tnh Volt-Ampere ca Thyristor (H.I.4). on (I) ca ng c
tnh Volt-Ampere s b rt ngn li v in p Uch cng nh i nu tng dn gi tr
Uk. Khi dng iu khin tng i ln Ik3 (H.I.4) th ng c tnh c nn
gn nh thng ging nh nhnh thun ca c tnh Diod, c th ni vi gi tr ca
Ik nh th (1 + 2) v mt tip gip J2 chuyn dch thun nhanh chng.
III. Cc thng s ch yu ca Thyristor.
1. in p thun cc i (Uth.max):
L gi tr in p ln nht c th t ln Thyristor theo chiu thun m
Thyristor vn trng thi m. Nu vt qu gi tr ny c th lm hng Thyristor.
2. in p ngc cc i (Ung max):
L in p ln nht c th dt ln Thyristor theo chiu ngc m Thyristor
vn khng hng. Di tc ng ca in p ny, dng in ngc c gi tr Ing =

in t cng sut Mch kch thyristor

(10 - 20)mmA. Khi in p ngc t ln Thyristor lu phi gim dng iu

khin (H. I. 5)
Ung Ung.max

(10-20)mA
Ik=0
Ik1=100mA
Ik2=1A Ing
Ik < Ik1 < Ik2
H.I.5

3. in p nh mc (Um):
L gi tr in p cho php c ln trn Thyristor theo chiu thun v ngc.
Thng thng U m = 2/3 Uth max
4. in p ri trn Thyristor:
L gi tr in p trn Thyristor khi Thyristor ang trng thi m.
5. in p chuyn trng thi (Uch):
gi tr in p ny, khng cn c Ik, Thyristor cng chuyn sang trng
thi m.
6. Dng in nh mc (Im):
L dng in c gi tr trung bnh ln nht c php chy qua Thyristor.
7. in p v dng in iu khin (Ukmin, Ikmin):
L gi tr nh nht ca in p iu khin t vo G - K v dng in iu
khin m bo m c Thyristor.
8. Thi gian m Thyristor (Ton):
L khong thi gian tnh t sn trc xung iu khin n thi im dng
in tng n 0,9 Im.
9. Thi gian kho Thyristor (Toff ):
L khong thi gian tnh t thi im I = 0 n thi im li xut hin in
p thun trn Anod m Thyristor khng chuyn sang trng thi m.
10. Tc tng in p thun cho php (du/ dt):
L gi tr ln nht ca tc tng p trn Anod m Thyristor khng chuyn
t trng thi kho sang trng thi m.
11. Tc tng dng thun cho php (di/ dt):
L gi tr ln nht ca tc tng dng trong qu trnh m Thyristor.

in t cng sut Mch kch thyristor

IV. M Thyristor:
1.Cc bin php m Thyristor:
a) Nhit :
Nu nhit Thyristor tng cao, s lng in t t do s tng ln, dn n
dng in r Io tng ln. S tng dng ny lm cho h s truyn in tch 1, 2
tng v Thyristor c m. M Thyristor bng phng php ny khng iu khin
c s chy hn lon ca dng nhit nn thng c loi b.
b) in th cao:
Nu phn cc Thyristor bng mt in th ln hn in p nh thng Ut th
Thyristor m. Tuy nhin phng php ny s lm cho Thyristor b hng nn khng
c p dng.
c) Tc tng in p (du/dt):
Nu tc tng in p thun t ln Anod v Catot th dng in tch ca t in
tip gip c kh nng m Thyristor. Tuy nhin dng in tch ln ny c th ph
hng Thyristor v cc thit b bo v. Thng thng tc tng in p du/dt th do
nh sn xut qui nh.
d) Dng iu khin cc G
Khi Thyristor phn cc thun ta a dng iu khin dng t vo hai cc G &
K th Thyristor dn, dng IG cng tng th Ut cng gim.
2. Kho Thyristor:
Kho Thyristor tc l tr n v trng thi ban u trc khi m vi y
cc tnh cht c th iu khin c n. C hai phung php kho Thyristor :
- Gim dng in thun hoc ct ngun cung cp.
- t in p ngc ln Thyristor.
Qu trnh kho Thyristor:
Khi t in p ngc ln Thyristor (H.I.7a ) tip gip J1, J3 chuyn dch
ngc, cn J2 chuyn dch thun. Do tc dng ca in trng ngoi, cc l trng
trong lp P2 chy qua J3 v Catot v trong lp N1 l trng chy qua J1 v Anod to
nn dng in ngc chy qua ti, giai on ny t to -t1 ( H.I.7b ). Khi cc l trng
b tiu tn ht th J1 & J3 (ch yu J1) ngn cn khng cho in tch tip tc chy
qua, dng ngc bt u gim xung, t t1 - t2 gi l thi gian kho Thyristor.
Thi gian kho ny thng di gp 8 - 10 ln thi gian m.
P1J1 N1
A
Ip

J2P2 J3 N2
In

Ith
K
tm

+
U

R
H.I.7a

t0

t1

t2

H.I.7b

in t cng sut Mch kch thyristor

Chng II: NGUYN TC IU KHIN THYRISTOR

I. Nguyn tc chung iu khin thyristor :
- thyristor ch m cho dng in chy qua khi c in p dng t ln u
anot (UAK > 0) v in p dng t ln cc iu khin (G) tc l UGk >0 .
Sau khi thyristor m th xung iu khin (xung dng) khng cn tc dng ,
dng in chy qua thyristor do cc thng s ca mch ng lc quyt nh
- thyristor ch tt khi : UAK < 0 hoc UG <0
II. Nguyn tc iu khin acrcoss :

Ub
UAK
Uk

Hnh 2. Nguyn tc iu khin arccoss

Hnh 2 ta s dng phng php iu khin thng ng thc hin iu

chnh v tr t xung trong na chu k in p dng t ln thyristor. Theo nguyn
tc ny th khu so snh phi c hai in p vo: in p ng b COS c to ra
khu ng b khi ta cho in p sin vo ( in p sin ny phi cng pha vi in
p t ln hai u thyristor), in p iu khin Uk l in p mt chiu c th
bin i c.
iu khin gc kch trn nguyn tc sau :
in p a vo khu ng b l : Um sin( wt ) sau khi ra khi khu ng b
th in p thu c l Ub = Um cos (wt ).
em in p ng b ny so snh vi in p iu khin Uk ta c thi im
kch m cho thyristor chnh l thi im m Ub = Uk
Khi d = arccoss ( Uk / Um )
Vi Uk = Um th = 0
Vi Uk = 0 th = 90o
Vi Uk = -Um th = 1800

10

in t cng sut Mch kch thyristor

Chng III: THIT K V THI CNG MCH IU KHIN

THYRISTOR
I. Mt s yu cu i vi mch iu khin:
1. Yu cu v ln in p v dng iu khin:
Gi tr ln nht khng vt qu tr s cho php s tay tra cu. Gi tr nh
nht phi m bo m c Thyristor cng loi mi iu kin lm vic. Tn hao
cng sut trung bnh trn cc khin phi nh hn gi tr cho php.
2. Yu cu v rng xung iu khin:
Da vo c tnh Volt - Ampere ca Thyristor ta thy thi gian tn ti xung
iu khin phi m bo cho dng qua Thyristor tng t 0 n Ithmax. Thng
thng rng xung iu khin khng nh hn 5Ms. Nu tng rng xung iu
khin s cho php gim nh bin xung iu khin.
3. Yu cu v dc sn trc ca xung:
dc sn trc ca xung cng cao th vic m Thyristor cng tt v
nng cc b ca Thyristor cng gim, m c bit l trong mch c nhiu Thyristor
mc ni tip hoc song song. Thng thng yu cu dc sn trc ca dy
xung iu khin l : dik/dt >= 0.1 (A/Ms)
4. Yu cu v tin cy:
Mch iu khin phi m bo lm vic tin cy trong mi hon cnh nh:
nhit , ngun tn hiu nhiu tng v.v Do yu cu:
in tr ra ca knh iu khin phi nh Thyristor khng t m khi dng r
tng. Xung iu khin t ph thuc vo dao ng nhit , dao ng in p ngun,
nhiu Cn kh c nhiu cm ng ( cc khu so snh, khi cch ly ng ra )
trnh m nhm.
5. Yu cu v lp rp vn hnh:
Thit b d thay th, d lp rp v iu chnh. Cc khi trong mch c kh
nng lm vic c lp.
II. Cc khi mch iu khin Thyristor:
Ta c s khi nh sau:

11

in t cng sut Mch kch thyristor

1. Khi ngun:
nhim v cung cp ngun nng lng cho khi cch ly ng ra ly t li
in xoay chiu c tn s f = 50 Hz.
2. Khi cch ly ng vo v ra:
Hai khi ny lm nhim v cch ly mch iu khin Thyristor vi phn cng
sut ca mch chnh lu khng dng t phn cng sut chy vo phn iu khin
hay ngc li. Cc khi ny thng c s dng MBA cch ly.
3. Khi ng b :
ng b Cosin:
in p a vo mch tch phn, lm cho dng sng lch i mt gc 90o v
ly in p ny so snh vi in p iu khin. Ta c s dng b Cosin H.IV.1a
v th in p H.IV.1b

H.IV.1a

H.IV.1b
To ng b Cosin trong khong t 0 n 180o,Uk v Ub n tr (ch ct mt
im). Yu cu ng vi mi gi tr ca t th c mt gi tr ca U.
Khi so snh:
4

Ub
3 +

2 11

Uk

+ U1A
12V
V0

- 12V
OP-11

12

in t cng sut Mch kch thyristor

Ta s dng c tnh ca O-P thc hin so snh ca in p u vo cng V+ v

V-, so snh gia in p ng b (coss) vi in p iu khin Uk. Khi Ub=Uk
th O-P s pht ra mt xung vung kch cho thyristor
5.Khi to dng xung:
C nhim v sa dng xung u ra ca b so snh sao cho c rng v
bin thch hp vi Thyristor cn kch. C th chn dng kch ln, in p kch
nh hoc ngc li nhng phi m bo cng sut tiu tn nh hn cng sut cho
php. rng xung c quyt nh bi thi gian dng qua Thyristor t n gi
tr dng ci (tra trong s tay nghin c ng vi loi Thyristor s dng ).
Trong thc t mch to xung thng s dng mch vi phn tn hiu xung
vung t b so snh c a qua b vi phn R-C bin i thnh cc gai vi phn c
rng cn thit. Sau qua diod chn thnh phn gai m. Ta c mch to xung
H.IV.4a v gin xung H.IV.4b

H.IV.4a

H.IV.4b

Gi tx l rng xung : tx = = C ( R1 // R2 )
Chn C = 0.47 - 0.1 MF
Chn R1 v R2 s c rng xung tx thch hp.
III. Tnh ton chn MBA mt pha:
1. Xc nh tit din thc ca li st ( So):
So = ( 0.9 0.93 ) S (mm2)
Vi S = a* b, chn a = 3mm, b = 5mm
Suy ra S = 5*3 = 15 mm2
Vy So = 0.9 * 15 = 13.5 ( mm2)
Cng sut d tnh Pdt i vi kch thc mch t So
Pdt = U2 . I2
Chn U1 = 220 V, f = 50 Hz
U2 = 12 V, I2 = 1A
Vy Pdt = 12 *1 = 12 (VA )

13

in t cng sut Mch kch thyristor

2. Tnh s vng dy mi volt : W

B
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
K
64
56
50
45
Chn B = 0.7 (Tesla), suy ra K = 64
Vy W = 64/13.5 = 4.7 vng /Volt
Chn W = 5 vng/ Volt.

1.1
41

1.2
37.5

1.3
34.5

1.4
32.4

1.5
30

3. Xc nh s vng dy ca cun s cp v th cp MBA: W1, W2,W3

- S vng dy cun s cp
W1 = W* U1 = 5*220 =1100 vng
- S vng dy cun th cp
W3 = W2 = W (U2 + u2)/ 2
u2 l d tr in p tra theo bng sau:
P(VA )
100 200
300
500
750
1000
J(A/mm2)
4.5 4
3.9
3
2.5
2.5
Chn u2 = 4.5% ( la chn tr in ln nht c th )
Vy W3=W2 = 5 * (12 + 4.5%) / 2= 32 vng.

1200
2.5

1500
2,5

>1500
2

Xc nh tit din dy qun:

Tit din dy qun s cp:

P
u

2
1

( mm

Chn hiu sut MBA: = 0.85 0.9

Mt dng J chn theo bn di y:
P ( VA )
0 50
50 100
100 200
200 250
J ( A /mm2)
4
3.5
3
2.5
Chn J = 4 (A / mm2)
Vy S1 = 12 / (0.9*220*4) = 0.015mm2 0.02 (mm2)
+ Tit din dy qun th cp:
S2 = I2/J = 1/4 = 0.25 ( mm2)
+ ng knh dy s cp:
d 1 = 1.13 S1 = 1.13 0.02 = 0.16mm

500 1000
2

+ ng knh dy th cp:

= 1.13 S 2 = 1.13 0.25

4. Tnh chn ngun chnh lu DC cung cp cho mch iu khin Thyristor:

S dng b ngun mt chiu + 12 2 v v 12 2 v cung cp cho Uk

14

in t cng sut Mch kch thyristor

IV. S nguyn l v tnh ton linh kin cho mch iu khin mt pha dng
Thyristor:
1. S nguyn l:
C1
-12V

0.01uF

4
1
5

U1

4
1
5

U11
R1

U11(OP)

330K

100

UA741

UA741

D1
U9(G)

D4

0.1uF

C3

R3

DIODE

R7

R9

4.7k

4.7k

D1(A)

+12V
TR2(S1)

L1

DIODE

TR2
Chinh luu

U9

V5
VSINE

EC113C

RV1

3V
D5

U10

10k

DIODE

EC113C
U10(A)

TR2(S3)

TRAN-2P3S

C2
-12V

Chinh luu

D2
U10(G)

D2(A)

DIODE

0.01uF

U12(OP)

6
3

6
3

330K

R6

4.7k

4.7k

R4
100

C4

D3

0.1uF

DIODE

R2

R5

4
1
5

U2

4
1
5

U12

UA741

UA741

+12V

2. Gii thch s nguyn l :

S nguyn l mch kch thyristor trong chnh lu hnh tia 1 pha.
Do chnh lu hnh tia mt pha nn ta phi dng my bin p c im gia
Trong s trn, iu khin gc kch cho hai na bn k m v dng th ta s
lm hai phn i xng nhau ( khi iu khin gc kch cho pha dng ging pha
m )
Mi phn gm 3 khi chnh:
- khi to xung ng b gm : R1 ,C1,U11 ( o-p 471), khi ny lm nhim
v l to xung ng b t ngun p xoay chiu a vo UAK=Um sin (wt). u ra
V0= UmCos (wt). Phn tch khi ny nh sau :
1
1
Vi * dt

V0= - R1* C1
= - R1* C1* Cos(wt)

vy nu R1 * C1* w = 1 th :
Vi = UmSin(wt) -> V0= UmCos(wt)
Suy ra ta chn R1 = 330k, C1= 0.01 uF, w = 50 Hz

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in t cng sut Mch kch thyristor

- Khi so snh : gm U1, R3, ng vo V- l xung ng b Cos, ng vo V+

l in p iu khin 1 chiu. Chc nng ca khi ny l so snh gia xung ng b
v in p iu khin xc nh thi im to xung m thyristor.
in tr R3 l in tr hn dng iu khin thng thng ta chn 100
- Khi to dng xung: gm C3, D4, D7, R7, R9 . Nhim v ca khi ny l
to ra cc gai kch m vo cng G ca Thyristor. Ty nh sn xut m cc thyristor
c rng xung iu khin trong mt khong nht nh. p iu khin thng t
2v -10v, rng xung iu khin thng l = 20 100 us
rng xung iu khin xc nh nh sau:
=

I dt
di
dt

Trong o: - Idt l dng duy tr ca thyristor

- di/dt tc tng trng ca dng ti
da vo khi ny ta c rng xung =( R7// R9) .C3
Ta chon R7 = R9 = 4,7 k ; C3 = 0,1 uF
Diode D4 ct phn gai m ca xung kch trc khi ta a xung kch vo
thyristor, chn iode c Imax > = 1A v in p nh thng ln hn hoc bwng
12v
chn iode c Imax=1A, Udt = 24v.
Tng t ta tnh ton cho phn bn k m

3. Dng th m phng s mch bng Proteus:

Xung kch bn k dng

16

in t cng sut Mch kch thyristor

Xung kch bn k m

Dng in p chnh lu hai na chu k hnh tia

4. Tin hnh lp rp mch:

Sau khi thc hin cng tc cho mch chy th trn Testboard, chuNn b linh
kin v mch in, cng tc lp rp c tin hnh nh sau:
- Thit k nguyn l v chy Layout bng Orcad.
- In v ngm mch.
- Khoan t linh kin ln mch v hn chn.
- Dng Ohm k kim tra cc ng ni trn mch in.
- Th mch v kim tra cc sai st trong qu trnh lm mch.

17

in t cng sut Mch kch thyristor

- Mch hon chnh:

18

in t cng sut Mch kch thyristor

VI. Hng pht trin ca ti:

- Nghin cu v thit k mch kch 3 pha s dng ng b rng ca.
- Thay khi ng b COS v to xung bng vi iu khin PIC 16F
VII. Ti liu tham kho
- in t cng sut Nguyn Bnh
- n tt nghip ca SV i hc k thut cng ngh TP. HCM
- Internet.

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