NGUYN TC THU PHT HNG NGOI

I/ Khi nim v tia hng ngoi : - nh sng hng ngoi (tia hng ngoi) l nh sng khng th nhn thy c bng mt thng , c bc sng khong t 0.86m n 0.98m . Tia hng ngoi c vn tc truyn bng vn tc nh sng . - Tia hng ngoi c th truyn i c nhiu knh tn hiu. N c ng dng rng ri trong cng nghip.Lng thng tin c th t 3 mega bit /s .Lng thng tin c truyn i vi nh sng hng ngoi ln gp nhiu ln so vi sng in t m ngi ta vn dng . - Tia hng ngoi d b hp th , kh nng xuyn thu km . Trong iu khin t xa bng tia hng ngoi , chm tia hng ngoi pht i hp , c hng , do khi thu phi ng hng . - Sng hng ngoi c nhng c tnh quan trng ging nh nh sng ( s hi t qua thu knh , tiu c ) . nh sng thng v nh sng hng ngoi khc nhau rt r trong s xuyn sut qua vt cht . C nhng vt cht ta thy n di mt mu xm c nhng vi nh sng hng ngoi n tr nn xuyn sut . V vt liu bn dn trong sut i vi nh sng hng ngoi , tia hng ngoi khng b yu i khi n vt qua cc lp bn dn i ra ngoi . II/ Nguyn tc thu pht hng ngoi : 1. Phn pht : a) S khi :

iu ch v pht FM Chn chc nng Cht d liu Chuyn i song song sang ni tip

Thit b pht

M ha

Dao ng c iu kin

b) Gii thch : Khi chn chc nng v khi m ha : Khi ngi s dng bm vo cc phm chc nng pht lnh yu cu ca mnh , m phm chc nng tng ng vi mt s thp phn . Mch m ha s chuyn i thnh m nh phn tng ng di dng m lnh tn hiu s gm cc bt 0 v 1 . S bit trong m lnh nh phn c th l 4 bit hay 8 bit ty theo s lng cc phm chc nng nhiu hay t . Khi dao ng c iu kin : Khi nhn 1 phm chc nng th dng thi khi ng mch dao ng to xung ng h , tn s xung ng h xc nh thi gian chun ca mi bit . Khi cht d liu v khi chuyn i song song ra ni tip : M nh phn ti mch m ha s c cht a vo mch chuyn i d liu song song ra ni tip . Mch chuyn i d liu song song ra ni tip c iu khin bi xung ng h v mch nh thi nhm m bo kt thc ng lc vic chuyn i s bit ca mt m lnh . Khi iu ch v pht FM : m lnh di dng ni tip s c a qua mch iu ch v pht FM ghp m lnh vo sng mang c tn s 38Khz n 100Khz , nh sng mang cao tn tn hiu c truyn i xa hn , ngha l tng c ly pht . Khi thit b pht : l mt LED hng ngoi . Khi m lnh c gi tr bit =1 th LED pht hng ngoi trong khong thi gian T ca bit . Khi m lnh c gi tr bit=0 th LED khng sng . Do bn thu khng nhn c tn hiu xem nh bit = 0 . 2. Phn thu : a) S khi :

Thit b thu

Khuch i v Tch sng

Chuyn i ni tip sang song song

Gii m

Dao ng c iu kin

Mch iu khin

b) Gii thch : Khi thit b thu : Tia hng ngoi t phn pht c tip nhn bi LED thu hng ngoi hay cc linh kin quang khc . Khi khuch i v Tch sng : trc tin khuch i tnh hiu nhn ri a qua mch tch sng nhm trit tiu sng mang v tch ly d liu cn thit l m lnh . Khi chuyn i ni tip sang song song v Khi gii m : m lnh c a vo mch chuyn i ni tip sang song song v a tip qua khi gii m ra thnh s thp phn tng ng di dng mt xung kch ti ng ra tng ng kch m mch iu khin . Tn s sng mang cn c dng so pha vi tn s dao ng bn phn thu gip cho mch thu pht hot ng ng b , m bo cho mch tch sng v mch chuyn i ni tip sang song song hot ng chnh xc .