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DCT Definition

Bin i cosin ri rc (DCT) i din cho mt hnh nh nh l mt tng hp ca xoang khc nhau ln v tn s. Cc dct2 chc nng tnh ton chiu hai bin i cosin ri rc (DCT) ca mt hnh nh. DCT c ti sn , mt hnh nh tiu biu, hu ht cc thng tin trc quan ng k v hnh nh l tp trung ch trong mt vi h s ca cc DCT. V l do ny, DCT l thng c s dng trong cc ng dng nn hnh nh. V d, DCT l trung tm ca cc thut ton tiu chun quc t tn hao nn hnh nh c bit n di dng JPEG. (Tn n t nhm lm vic pht trin cc tiu chun: Joint Photographic Experts Group) DCT hai chiu ca M-by-N ma trn A c nh ngha nh sau.

Cc gi tr B pq c gi l h s DCT ca A . (Lu rng ch s ca ma trn trong MATLAB lun lun bt u t 1 ch khng phi l 0, do , cc yu t MATLAB ma trn (1,1 ) v B (1,1 ) tng ng vi s lng ton hc A 00 , B 00, tng ng ) DCT l mt bin i nghch v nghch o ca n c cho bi

Phng trnh DCT nghch o c th c gii thch nh c ngha rng bt k ma trn M-by- N c th c vit nh mt tng hp ca MN chc nng ca biu mu

Cc chc nng ny c gi l cc chc nng c s ca DCT. Pq DCT h s B , sau c th c coi l trng lng p dng cho tng chc nng c s . i vi 8-8 ma trn, cc chc nng c s 64 c minh ha bng hnh nh ny. 64 Cn c chc nng ca 8-8-Matrix

Tn s ngang tng t tri sang phi, v tng tn s dc t trn xung di. C s chc nng c gi tr khng i pha trn bn tri l thng c gi l c s chc nng DC, v DCT tng ng h s B 00 thng c gi l h s DC . Quay li

Chuyn i ma trn DCT

C hai cch tnh ton DCT s dng phn mm Hp cng c x l nh. Cc phng php u tin l s dng chc nng dct2 . dct2 s dng mt thut ton da trn FFT tnh ton nhanh chng vi u vo ln . Phng php th hai l s dng DCT bin i ma trn , c tr li chc nng dctmtx v c th c hiu qu hn cho cc u vo vung nh, chng hn nh 8-8 hoc 16by-16 . M-by-M bin i ma trn T c cho bi

i vi mt ma trn A M-by- M , T * A l mt ma trn M-by-M c ct cha DCT mt chiu ca cc ct ca A . DCT hai chiu ca A c th c tnh l B = T * A * T ' . K t khi T l mt ma trn trc giao thc t, nghch o ca n l tng t nh chuyn ca n. Do , DCT hai chiu ngc ca B c a ra bi T '* B * T . Quay li

DCT v nn hnh nh

Trong cc thut ton nn hnh nh JPEG, hnh nh u vo c chia thnh 8-by-8 hoc 16-16 khi, v DCT hai chiu c tnh ton cho mi khi. Cc h s DCT lng t ha, m ha, v truyn. Cc nhn JPEG (hoc c file JPEG) gii m lng t h s DCT, tnh DCT hai chiu ngc ca mi khi, v sau t cc khi li vi nhau thnh mt hnh nh duy nht. i vi hnh nh in hnh, nhiu ca cc h s DCT c gi tr gn bng khng, cc h s ny c th c loi b m khng nh hng nghim trng n cht lng ca hnh nh ti to. M v d di y tnh DCT hai chiu ca 8-8 khi trong hnh nh u vo, loi b (b bng khng) tt c, nhng 10 trong s 64 h s DCT trong mi khi, v sau dng li hnh nh bng cch s dng hai chiu ngc DCT ca mi khi. Phng php tnh ton ma trn bin i c s dng.

= Imread ( 'cameraman.tif' ); I = im2double (I); T = dctmtx (8); DCT = @ (block_struct) T * block_struct.data * T '; B = blockproc (I, [8 8], DCT); mask = [1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0]; B2 = blockproc (B, [8 8], (block_struct) mt n .* block_struct.data); invdct = (block_struct) T * block_struct.data * T; I2 = blockproc (B2, [8 8], invdct); imshow (I), con s, imshow (I2)

Mc d c mt s tn tht v cht lng hnh nh ti to, r rng l nhn bit, mc d gn nh 85% cc h s DCT c loi b.

Chuyn i ma trn DCT

C hai cch tnh ton DCT s dng phn mm Hp cng c x l nh. Cc phng php u tin l s dng chc nng dct2 . dct2 s dng mt thut ton da trn FFT tnh ton nhanh chng vi u vo ln . Phng php th hai l s dng DCT bin i ma trn , c tr li chc nng dctmtx v c th c hiu qu hn cho cc u vo vung nh, chng hn nh 8-8 hoc 16by-16 . M-by-M bin i ma trn T c cho bi

i vi mt ma trn A M-by- M , T * A l mt ma trn M-by-M c ct cha DCT mt chiu ca cc ct ca A . DCT hai chiu ca A c th c tnh l B = T * A * T ' . K t khi T l mt ma trn trc giao thc t, nghch o ca n l tng t nh chuyn ca n. Do , DCT hai chiu ngc ca B c a ra bi T '* B * T . Quay li

DCT v nn hnh nh

Trong cc thut ton nn hnh nh JPEG, hnh nh u vo c chia thnh 8-by-8 hoc 16-16 khi, v DCT hai chiu c tnh ton cho mi khi. Cc h s DCT lng t ha, m ha, v truyn. Cc nhn JPEG (hoc c file JPEG) gii m lng t h s DCT, tnh DCT hai chiu ngc ca mi khi, v sau t cc khi li vi nhau thnh mt hnh nh duy nht. i vi hnh nh in hnh, nhiu ca cc h s DCT c gi tr gn bng khng, cc h s ny c th c loi b m khng nh hng nghim trng n cht lng ca hnh nh ti to. M v d di y tnh DCT hai chiu ca 8-8 khi trong hnh nh u vo, loi b (b bng khng) tt c, nhng 10 trong s 64 h s DCT trong mi khi, v sau dng li hnh nh bng cch s dng hai chiu ngc DCT ca mi khi. Phng php tnh ton ma trn bin i c s dng.

= Imread ( 'cameraman.tif' ); I = im2double (I); T = dctmtx (8); DCT = @ (block_struct) T * block_struct.data * T '; B = blockproc (I, [8 8], DCT); mask = [1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0]; B2 = blockproc (B, [8 8], (block_struct) mt n .* block_struct.data); invdct = (block_struct) T * block_struct.data * T; I2 = blockproc (B2, [8 8], invdct); imshow (I), con s, imshow (I2)

Mc d c mt s tn tht v cht lng hnh nh ti to, r rng l nhn bit, mc d gn nh 85% cc h s DCT c loi b.

http://www.mathworks.com/help/toolbox/images/f21-16366.html#f21-16149

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