Kin thc cn nm:

H s t lng chnh l h s cn bng ti gin. Bc ca mt phn ng : Phn ng ch c 1 giai on: Bc = tng h s t lng ca cc cht ban u. Phn ng c nhiu giai on: Bc = tng h s t lng cc cht ban u ca phn ng giai on chm.

Cc phn ng c h s t lng v bc phn ng ging nhau

 NaOH + HCl NaCl + H2O

Bc=Tng HSTL ca cc cht ban u= 2

Phn ng phng x

14C 6

14N 7

0e -1

Bc=Tng HSTL ca cc cht ban u= 1

Phn ng phn hy C2H6 C2H4 + H2

Bc= Tng HSTL ca cc cht ban u = 1

 NO2 + CO CO2 + NO G1: 2NO2 NO3 + NO (CHM) G2: NO3 + CO CO2 + NO2 (NHANH) Bc = tng HSTL cc cht ban u ca G chm (G1) Bc=Tng HSTL ca cc cht ban u= 2

SO2 + 2H2S 2H2O + 3S

Bc= Tng HSTL ca cc cht ban u= 3

Cc phn ng c h s t lng v bc phn ng khc nhau

2N2O5 4NO2 + O2 G1: N2O5 N2O3 + O2 (CHM) G2: N2O5 + N2O3 4NO2 (NHANH)
Bc = tng HSTL cc cht ban u ca G chm (G1) Bc= 1 Tng HSTL ca cc cht ban u= 2

2NO + Cl2 2NOCl G1: NO + Cl2 NOCl2 (NHANH) G2: NOCl2 + NO 2NOCl (CHM)
Bc = tng HSTL cc cht ban u ca G chm (G2) Bc= 2 Tng HSTL ca cc cht ban u= 3

2O3 3O2 G1: O3 O2 + O. (CHM) G2: 2O. O2 (NHANH)

Bc = tng HSTL cc cht ban u ca G chm (G1) Bc= 1 Tng HSTL ca cc cht ban u= 2

H2O2 + 2HI 2H2O + I2 G1: H2O2 + HI HIO + H2O (CHM) G2: HIO + HI I2 + H2O (NHANH)
Bc = tng HSTL cc cht ban u ca G chm (G1) Bc= 2 Tng HSTL ca cc cht ban u= 3

2ICl + H2 2HCl + I2 G1: ICl + H2 HI + HCl (NHANH) G2: ICl + HI HCl + I2 (CHM)
Bc = tng HSTL cc cht ban u ca G chm (G2) Bc= 2 Tng HSTL ca cc cht ban u= 3

Phn ng thy phn terbutyl clorur C4H9Cl + H2O C4H9OH + HCl

Chm, to cht trung gian carbonium

Nhanh, l phn ng ca carbonium vi -OH to sp cui cng.

Bc = tng HSTL cc cht ban u ca G chm (G1) Bc= 1 Tng HSTL ca cc cht ban u= 2