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H K THUT CNG NGH TPHCM

KHOA CNG NGH THC PHM


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BO CO THC TP TT NGHIP

Tn ti:

TM HIU QUY TRNH CNG


NGH SN XUT KO

Tn n v thc tp: CNG

TY TNHH VINA MIN T NGT

GVGD: Chu Th Bch Phng


SVTH: Nguyn Th Bch Thu
MSSV: 09B1100441; Lp: 09HTP7
Ngnh: Cng Ngh Thc Phm

Tp. H Ch Minh, thng 04 nm 2011

CNG HO X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM


c lp T do Hnh phc
Tp. H Ch Minh, ngy........ thng..... nm 2011

PHIU XC NHN SINH VIN THC TP


N V: CNG TY TNHH VINA MIN T NGT
Xc nhn sinh vin: Nguyn Th Bch Thu, Sinh ngy: 18/07/1985
MSSV: 09B1100441; Lp: 09HTP07
Trng: i Hc K Thut Cng Ngh Si Gn
Thc tp ti: Phng Qun L Cht Lng
T ngy .././ n ngy .././
1. V tinh thn, thi , thc t chc k lut:
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2. V nhng cng vic c giao:
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3. Kt qu t c:
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XC NHN CA LNH O N V THC TP

NHN XT CA GIO VIN HNG DN


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TP.HCM, Ngy thng nm 2011


H tn v ch k

Chu Th Bch Phng

LI CAM N
Qua 6 tuan thc hien bao cao tot nghiep thc tap tai cong ty, di s
hng dan va giang day cua tat ca cac thay co, cung vi long nhiet tnh cua
can bo va nhan vien cong ty, ben canh o la s ong vien, giup sau sac t
gia nh, ban be va thay co, cuoi cung la s no lc cua ban than a giup toi
hoan thanh bao cao nay. Li cam n nay ch la mot thong iep ngan ngui,
nhng toi xin chan thanh cam n en tat ca moi ngi.
Toi tran trong gi li cam n en tat ca cac thay co giao trong khoa Cong
Nghe Thc Pham cua trng ai Hoc K Thuat Cong Nghe Sai Gon a
truyen at kien thc va kinh nghiem cho chung toi trong thi gian qua.
Xin chan thanh cam n Ban lanh ao va toan the can bo nhan vien cua
Cong ty TNHH Vina Mien at Ngot a tao ieu kien va cung cap nhieu tai
lieu co gia tr giup toi hoan thanh tot bao cao nay.
Xin chan thanh cam n en cha, me, gia nh va ban be a co vu, ong
vien va giup toi trong suot thi gian qua.
Va ac biet xin gi li cam n sau sac en co Chu Th Bch Phng va
Tap the can bo Phong Quan ly chat lng cua Cong ty TNHH Vina Mien
at Ngot a het long dan dat va ch day tng bc trong tien trnh thc hien
bao cao nay.
Mac du a co gang hoan thanh bai bao cao nhng chac chan kho tranh
khoi nhng thieu sot. Toi rat mong nhan c nhng y kien ong gop cua quy
thay co va cac ban sinh vien e noi dung bao cao nay c hoan thien hn.
Cuoi cung xin gi en thay co, gia nh va ban be li cam n chan thanh
nhat va li chuc sc khoe va thanh cong.
Sinh vien thc hien

Nguyen Th Bch Thuy

LI M U
Thc phm l nhu cu khng th thiu ca con ngi v n cung cp nng
lng cho mi hot ng sng nh: lao ng, hc tp...hng ngy. Nhng nm gn
y, kinh t ca t nc pht trin nn nhu cu dinh dng cng c coi trng. V
th, thc phm l ngnh kinh t ang pht trin v c tim nng pht trin rt ln. V
c mt th trng gn 80 triu ngi v c kh nng xut khu ra nc ngoi. Do
nh nc lun ch trng pht trin ngnh kinh t quan trng ny. Thc phm khng
ch l tht, c, trng, sa,...m cn cc loi bnh ko cng l ngun thc phm cn
thit.
Trong nhng nm gn y xut hin rt nhiu cng ty tham gia sn xut bnh
ko nh: Kinh , Hi H, c Pht... v cc cng ty lin doanh nc ngoi khc
na. Song song cc cng ty l s ra i ca cng ty sn xut bnh ko VINA MIN
T NGT. Cng ty ny cng ang trn ng pht trin cng vi s vng mnh v
cht lng cng nh thng hiu trn th trng. Cng ty TNHH VINA MIN T
NGT l mt cng ty sn xut nhiu mc hng trang tr,v c bit l sn phm bnh
ko vi nhiu hnh dng khc nhau gip cho sn phm ca cng ty thm a dng v
phong ph. Bn cnh vic sn xut m bo an ton v sinh thc phm th cng ty
cng rt ch trng n vic m bo an ton lao ng trong sn xut v v sinh mi
trng sn xut. Vi kinh nghim lu nm v s vng mnh v thng hiu a
cc sn phm ca cng ty n gn vi ngi tiu dng trong v ngoi nc.
Vi s a dng v cc sn phm ca cng ty chng em chn sn phm ko
tm hiu su hn v quy trnh sn xut.V Tm Hiu Quy Trnh Cng Ngh Sn
Xut Ko ti cng ty l ti thc tp ca chng em trong thi gian qua.
Sau thi gian tm hiu trong cng ty em hon thnh bo co ny. Mong
c s ng gp kin ca cng ty, qu Thy C v cc bn.

MC LC
Chng I: TNG QUAN V CNG TY TNHH VINA MIN T NGT..................... 1
I.1. Lch s hnh thnh v pht trin ca cng ty ................................................................... 1
I.2. V tr a l ....................................................................................................................... 1
I.3. C cu t chc ca cng ty .............................................................................................. 2
I.3.1. C cu t chc ca cng ty c b tr theo s sau: ............................................ 2
I.3.2. S mt bng cng ty ............................................................................................. 3
I.4. An ton lao ng, phng chy cha chy v v sinh cng nghip .................................. 3
I.4.1. An ton lao ng ....................................................................................................... 3
I.4.2. Phng chy cha chy ............................................................................................... 4
I.4.3. V sinh cng nghip .................................................................................................. 4
I.5. X l cht thi ph phm v nc thi............................................................................. 4
I.5.1. X l ph phm cht thi .......................................................................................... 4
I.5.2. X l nc thi .......................................................................................................... 5
I.5.2.1. S quy trnh x l nc thi .......................................................................... 5
I.5.2.2. Thuyt minh quy trnh ........................................................................................ 5
I.5.2.3. Tiu chun nc thi c php thi ra sau khi x l ....................................... 6
Chng II: NGUYN LIU SN XUT KO .................................................................... 7
II.1. Saccharose....................................................................................................................... 7
II.1.1. Gii thiu ................................................................................................................. 7
II.1.2. Vai tr ...................................................................................................................... 7
II.1.3. Ch tiu cht lng ................................................................................................... 7
II.2. Mch nha ......................................................................................................................... 7
II.2.1. Gii thiu ................................................................................................................. 7
II.2.2. Vai tr ...................................................................................................................... 7
II.2.3. Bng ch tiu cht lng .......................................................................................... 8
II.3. Shortening ....................................................................................................................... 8
II.3.1. Gii thiu ................................................................................................................. 8
II.3.2. Vai tr ...................................................................................................................... 8
II.3.3. Ch tiu cht lng ca Shortening.......................................................................... 8
II.4. B .................................................................................................................................... 9
II.4.1. Gii thiu ................................................................................................................. 9
II.4.2. Vai tr ...................................................................................................................... 9
II.4.3. Ch tiu cht lng ca b ....................................................................................... 9
II.5. Sa .................................................................................................................................. 9
II.5.1. Vai tr ...................................................................................................................... 9
II.5.2. Ch tiu cht lng ca Sa ..................................................................................... 9
II.6. Gelatin ........................................................................................................................... 10
II.6.1. Gii thiu ............................................................................................................... 10
II.6.2. Vai tr .................................................................................................................... 10
II.6.3. Ch tiu cht lng ca Gelatin ............................................................................. 10
II.7. Gum Arabic ................................................................................................................... 10
II.7.1. Gii thiu ............................................................................................................... 10
II.7.2. Vai tr .................................................................................................................... 10
II.8. Tc nhn to xp ........................................................................................................... 11
II.8.1. Gii thiu ............................................................................................................... 11
II.8.2. Vai tr .................................................................................................................... 11
II.8.3. Ch tiu cht lng ca Palsgaard.......................................................................... 11
II.8.3.1. To xp (1009) ................................................................................................ 11
i

II.8.3.2. Chng dnh (0090) .......................................................................................... 11


II.9. Acid citric...................................................................................................................... 12
II.9.1. Gii thiu ............................................................................................................... 12
II.9.2. Vai tr .................................................................................................................... 12
II.9.3. Ch tiu cht lng ca acid citric ......................................................................... 12
II.10. Tinh du ...................................................................................................................... 12
II.10.1. Gii thiu ............................................................................................................. 12
II.10.2. Vai tr .................................................................................................................. 13
II.10.3. Ch tiu cht lng ............................................................................................... 13
II.11. Vanilin ........................................................................................................................ 13
II.11.1. Gii thiu ............................................................................................................. 13
II.11.2. Ch tiu cht lng ca vanilin ............................................................................ 13
II.12. Cht mu thc phm ................................................................................................... 13
II.12.1. Gii thiu ............................................................................................................. 13
II.12.2. Vai tr .................................................................................................................. 14
II.12.3. Ch tiu cht lng ca cht mu thc phm ....................................................... 14
II.13. Cht nh ha ............................................................................................................... 14
II.13.1. Gii thiu ............................................................................................................. 14
II.13.2. Vai tr .................................................................................................................. 14
II.13.3. Ch tiu cht lng ca lecithin ........................................................................... 14
Chng III: QUY TRNH CNG NGH SN XUT ...................................................... 15
III.1. Qui trnh cng ngh sn xut ko cng ....................................................................... 15
III.2. Thuyt minh cng ngh sn xut ko cng ................................................................. 16
III.2.1. Ha tan .................................................................................................................. 16
III.2.1.1. Cch tin hnh ............................................................................................... 16
III.2.1.2. Cc yu t nh hng .................................................................................... 16
III.2.1.3. Yu cu .......................................................................................................... 16
III.2.2. Nu ....................................................................................................................... 16
III.2.2.1. Mc ch ........................................................................................................ 16
III.2.2.2. Cch tin hnh ............................................................................................... 16
III.2.2.3. Cc bin i trong qu trnh nu ................................................................... 17
III.2.2.4. Cc yu t nh hng .................................................................................... 17
III.2.2.5. Yu cu .......................................................................................................... 18
III.2.3. Phi trn ............................................................................................................... 18
III.2.3.1. Mc ch ........................................................................................................ 18
III.2.3.2. Cch tin hnh ............................................................................................... 18
III.2.3.3. Cc yu t nh hng .................................................................................... 18
III.2.3.4. Yu cu ......................................................................................................... 18
III.2.4. Lm ngui 1 .......................................................................................................... 18
III.2.4.2. Cch tin hnh ............................................................................................... 18
III.2.4.3. Cc yu t nh hng .................................................................................... 18
III.2.4.4. Yu cu .......................................................................................................... 19
III.2.5. Ln cn, vut, to hnh ......................................................................................... 19
III.2.5.1. Mc ch ........................................................................................................ 19
III.2.5.2. Cch tin hnh ............................................................................................... 19
III.2.5.3. Cc yu t nh hng .................................................................................... 19
III.2.6. Lm ngui 2 .......................................................................................................... 19
III.2.6.1. Mc ch ........................................................................................................ 19
III.2.6.2. Cch tin hnh ............................................................................................... 19
III.2.6.3. Yu t nh hng .......................................................................................... 19
ii

III.2.6.4. Yu cu .......................................................................................................... 20
III.2.7. Phn loi 1 ............................................................................................................ 20
III.2.7.1. Mc ch ........................................................................................................ 20
III.2.7.2. Cch tin hnh ............................................................................................... 20
III.2.7.3. Yu cu .......................................................................................................... 20
III.2.8. Bao gi .................................................................................................................. 20
III.2.8.1. Mc ch ........................................................................................................ 20
III.2.8.2. Cch tin hnh ............................................................................................... 20
III.2.8.3. Yu t nh hng .......................................................................................... 20
III.2.8.4. Yu cu .......................................................................................................... 20
III.2.9. Phn loi 2 ............................................................................................................ 20
III.2.9.1. Cch tin hnh ............................................................................................... 20
III.2.9.2. Yu cu .......................................................................................................... 20
III.2.10. ng ti .............................................................................................................. 21
III.2.10.1. Mc ch ...................................................................................................... 21
III.2.10.3. Yu cu ........................................................................................................ 21
III.2.11. ng thng ......................................................................................................... 21
III.2.11.1. Mc ch ...................................................................................................... 21
III.2.11.2. Cch tin hnh ............................................................................................. 21
III.2.11.3. Yu cu ........................................................................................................ 21
III.3. Quy trnh cng ngh sn xut ko mm ...................................................................... 22
III.4. Thuyt minh quy trnh cng ngh sn xut ko mm.................................................. 23
III.4.1. Ha tan .................................................................................................................. 23
III.4.2. Nu ko ................................................................................................................. 23
III.4.3. nh trn .............................................................................................................. 23
III.4.3.1. Mc ch ........................................................................................................ 23
III.4.3.2. Cch tin hnh ............................................................................................... 23
III.4.3.3. Cc yu t nh hng .................................................................................... 23
III.4.3.4. Yu cu .......................................................................................................... 23
III.4.4. Lm ngui 1 .......................................................................................................... 23
III.4.5. Qut ...................................................................................................................... 23
III.4.5.1. Mc ch ........................................................................................................ 23
III.4.5.2. Cch tin hnh ............................................................................................... 23
III.4.5.3. Nhng bin i ca khi ko trong qu trnh qut ........................................ 23
III.4.5.4 Cc yu t nh hng ..................................................................................... 24
III.4.5.5. Yu cu .......................................................................................................... 24
III.4.6. Lm ngui 2 .......................................................................................................... 24
III.4.6.1 Mc ch ......................................................................................................... 24
III.4.6.2 Cch tin hnh ................................................................................................ 24
III.4.6.3 Cc yu t nh hng ..................................................................................... 24
III.4.6.4 Yu cu ........................................................................................................... 24
III.4.7. Ln cn, vut, nh hnh, bao gi ......................................................................... 24
III.4.8. Lm ngui 3 .......................................................................................................... 25
III.4.8.1 Mc ch ......................................................................................................... 25
III.4.8.2 Cch tin hnh ................................................................................................ 25
III.4.9. ng ti, ng thng ........................................................................................... 25
III.5. Cc s c v cng ngh v cch khc phc ................................................................. 25
III.6. Mt s thit b dng trong sn xut ko ...................................................................... 27
III.6.1. Thng khuy sa .................................................................................................. 27
III.6.2. Ni nu ko lin tc .............................................................................................. 27
iii

III.6.2.1. Cu to ........................................................................................................... 27
III.6.2.2 Nguyn l hot ng ....................................................................................... 28
III.6.3. My ln cn .......................................................................................................... 29
III.6.3.1. Cu to ........................................................................................................... 29
III.6.3.2. Nguyn l hot ng ..................................................................................... 29
III.6.4. My vut ............................................................................................................... 30
III.6.4.1. Cu to ........................................................................................................... 30
III.6.4.2. Nguyn l hot ng ..................................................................................... 30
III.6.5. My bao gi .......................................................................................................... 31
III.6.6. Cc s c thit b v cch khc phc .................................................................... 32
Chng IV: MT S SN PHM CA CNG TY ......................................................... 35
IV.1. Cc sn phm chnh, ph v ph phm ....................................................................... 35
IV.2. Phng php kim tra sn phm ................................................................................. 35
IV.2.1. Phng php kim tra sn phm ko cng .......................................................... 35
IV.2.2. Phng php kim tra sn phm ko mm .......................................................... 36
Chng V: KT LUN ......................................................................................................... 37
TI LIU THAM KHO...................................................................................................... 38

iv

DANH SCH CC HNH NH


Hnh 1: S t chc ca cng ty ............................................................................................. 2
Hnh 2: S mt bng cng ty ................................................................................................. 3
Hnh 3: S quy trnh x l nc thi ..................................................................................... 5
Hnh 4: Qui trnh cng ngh sn xut ko cng ....................................................................... 15
Hnh 5: Quy trnh cng ngh sn xut ko mm ...................................................................... 22
Hnh 6: Cu to ni nu lin tc ............................................................................................... 28
Hnh 7: My ln cn ................................................................................................................. 29
Hnh 8: My vut ...................................................................................................................... 30
Hnh 9: My bao gi ................................................................................................................. 31

DANH SCH CC BNG BIU


Bng 1: Tiu chun nc thi ..................................................................................................... 6
Bng 2: Ch tiu cht lng ca saccharose dng sn xut ko ............................................ 7
Bng 3: Ch tiu cht lng ca mch nha dng sn xut ko ................................................... 8
Bng 4: Ch tiu cht lng ca Shortening ............................................................................... 8
Bng 5: Ch tiu cht lng ca b ............................................................................................ 9
Bng 6: Ch tiu cht lng ca Sa .......................................................................................... 9
Bng 7: Ch tiu cht lng ca Gelatin .................................................................................. 10
Bng 8: Ch tiu cht lng ca Palsgaard ............................................................................... 11
Bng 9: Ch tiu cht lng ca acid citric dng sn xut ko nh sau: .................................. 12
Bng 10: Ch tiu cht lng ca vanilin dng trong sn xut ko .......................................... 13
Bng 11: Ch tiu cht lng ca dng sn xut ko ............................................................... 14
Bng 12: Thnh phn chnh ca lecithin .................................................................................. 14
Bng 13: Ch tiu cht lng ca lecithin ................................................................................ 14
Bng 14: Cc s c v cng ngh v cch khc phc .............................................................. 25
Bng 15: Cc s c thit b v cch khc phc ........................................................................ 32
Bng 16: Ch tiu cm quan ..................................................................................................... 35
Bng 17: Ch tiu vi sinh .......................................................................................................... 35
Bng 18: Ch tiu ha l ........................................................................................................... 36
Bng 19: Ch tiu cm quan ..................................................................................................... 36
Bng 20: Ch tiu vi sinh .......................................................................................................... 36
Bng 21: Ch tiu ha l ........................................................................................................... 36

Trng H K Thut Cng Ngh TPHCM


Khoa Cng Ngh Thc phm

Bo co thc tp tt nghip
vtt: Cng Ty TNHH Vina Min t Ngt

Chng I:
TNG QUAN V CNG TY TNHH VINA MIN T NGT
I.1. Lch s hnh thnh v pht trin ca cng ty
c thnh lp t nm 1996, cng ty Vina Min t Ngt khi u l phn
xng sn xut nh ti ng N Trang Long qun Bnh Thnh vi tng s vn u t
khong 2 t VND v lng cng nhn vin khong 50 ngi. Lc by gi cng ty c
chc nng sn xut v kinh doanh cc mt hng trang tr bnh kem l ch yu,l nhng
sn phm mi m i vi ngi tiu dng.
Nm 2002-2003 l ct mt nh du s trng thnh ca cng ty qua vic
thnh cng trong sn xut, kinh doanh cc mt hng trang tr, th trng lc ny ch
yu l 2 thnh ph ln ca Nht l Toto va Osaka. Qua qu trnh nghin cu kho
st nhu cu th trng, ban gim c cng ty quyt nh tng vn php nh ln 10
t VND, nhp dy chuyn sn xut bnh Cookies vi cng ngh ca Nht Bn tr gi
trn 250.000 USD. Vic sn xut v tung ra cc sn phm bnh Cookies vi gi thnh
hp l, mi v c trng ph hp vi th hiu c ngi tiu dng trong v ngoi
nc(ch yu l ngoi nc) tr thnh bc m quan trng cho s pht trin
khng ngng ca cng ty Vina min t ngt sau ny.
Cui nm 2005, dy chuyn sn xut ko CANDY c a vo s dng vi
tng u t khong 100.000USD. Sn phm ko CANDY ch yu c xut khu v
n rt c a chung th trng Nht Bn.
Cng trong nm 2002-2003 cng ty m rng mi quan h bun bn vi th
trng Hn Quc,ch yu l Seoul.
Cng vi s pht trin mnh m ca cng ty th ngun nhn lc tng ln
ng k vi lung cng nhn hin ti l 250 ngi.
Nm 2007 c xc nh l nm xut khu mnh ca cng ty Vina Min t
Ngt. v cng ty i tn thnh BELL FOOD nh du cho bc ngot ln lao
ny.
Cng ty quyt tm y mnh hn na vic xut khu cc mt hng ra th trng
nc ngoi nh: Nht, Hn Quc, Mtm thm th trng mi thng qua vic pht
huy ni lc, nghin cu th trng nc ngoi, tham gia cc hi ch quc t v thc
phm ti Singapore, M nng cao cht lng, khu v, bao b, mu m ph hp
vi tng th trng.
I.2. V tr a l
a im: Cng ty TNHH ViNa Min t Ngt
a ch: 12/40/13 L Vn Khng, p 5, ng Thnh, Hc Mn, TP.HCM
Mt bng cng ty: 1500m2

GVHD: Chu Th Bch Phng

SVTH: Nguyn Th Bch Thy

Trng H K Thut Cng Ngh TPHCM


Khoa Cng Ngh Thc phm

Bo co thc tp tt nghip
vtt: Cng Ty TNHH Vina Min t Ngt

I.3. C cu t chc ca cng ty


Hin nay cng ty c khong 250 nhn vin trong bao gm 1 gim c qun
l ton b mi hot ng ca cng ty, 1 ph gim c qun l cc mt hng xut nhp
khu, 1 trng phng kinh doanh, 1 k ton qun l v lng v m bo c thu
mua cc nguyn liu ca cng ty, 2 nhn vin k thut, 1 bo v, 1 qun c qun l
cc nhn vin trong cng ty. V mi t c mt t trng qun l cc t vin trong t.
I.3.1. C cu t chc ca cng ty c b tr theo s sau:
Gim c

Ph Gim c

Kinh doanh

K Thut

T trng 1

T trng 2

Qun c

T trng 3

K Ton

T trng 4

T trng 5

T Vin

Hnh 1: S t chc ca cng ty

GVHD: Chu Th Bch Phng

SVTH: Nguyn Th Bch Thy

Trng H K Thut Cng Ngh TPHCM


Khoa Cng Ngh Thc phm

Bo co thc tp tt nghip
vtt: Cng Ty TNHH Vina Min t Ngt

I.3.2. S mt bng cng ty

WC

WC

Kho cha bao b

T mm

T ng gi

Kho cha nguyn liu

T bng

Phng
ngh
tra

Cn tin

Phng
ngh
tra

T bt

Phng sy bt
(bt khun)

Phng
nng bnh

Khu vn phng
Khu vc xe

Cng vo

Hnh 2: S mt bng cng ty


I.4. An ton lao ng, phng chy cha chy v v sinh cng nghip
I.4.1. An ton lao ng
nng cao nng sut sn xut, Ban lnh o cng ty rt quan tm n mi
trng lm vic ca cng nhn vin trong cng ty. Mt mi trung thun li v hp l
cho vic lao ng sn xut s gp phn nng nng sut v cht lng sn phm. V vy
cng ty lun to ra ni lm vic c nhit v m thch hp, thong mt, thng gi
v c y nh sang, cng nh duy tr khun vin c mu xanh to bmg mt,
gim ting n, lc khng kh, gim s nhim mi trng.
i vi nhng khu vc lm vic nguy him d xy ra tai nn nh hng ti sc
khe ngi lao ng th c trang b bin bo, dng c bo h lao ng thch hp
cho tng c nhn, tng cng vic. ngoi ra, cng ty cn duy tr ch bi dng cho
GVHD: Chu Th Bch Phng

SVTH: Nguyn Th Bch Thy

Trng H K Thut Cng Ngh TPHCM


Khoa Cng Ngh Thc phm

Bo co thc tp tt nghip
vtt: Cng Ty TNHH Vina Min t Ngt

nhng nhn vin lm vic tip xc vi ha cht, nguy him bng vic hng tun bi
dng bnh v sa.
Trong cc dy chuyn sn xut cc nhn vin c trang b cc dng c bo h
lao ng nh: qun o, giy, dp, m bao tc, khu trang, bao tay, ym.
I.4.2. Phng chy cha chy
Thc hin ngh nh ca nh nc v phng chy cha chy, cng ty lun ch
trng n an ton chy n trong cng ty. Do cng ty ra cc quy nh v phng
chy cha chy trong cc phn xng cng nh trong tan cng ty:
Trnh tip xc gia chtt chy n vi oxi khng kh.
H thng in phi c bc cch in, chu nhit n mn trnh chp mch gy
ha hon.
Khu vc cha vt t d chy nh kho bi phi c b tr xa khu vc cha cc ha
cht d chy n.
Tt c cc phn xng phi lp t h thng cha chy, bnh cha chy.
Cng nhn vin phi tri qua lp hun luyn v phng chy cha chy.
Trong trng hp c chy phi tp trung cha chy v bo ngay cho bo v m
ci bo ng.
I.4.3. V sinh cng nghip
nh k phn xng phi v sinh ton b mt bng sn xut, qut dn, v sinh dng
c my mc sn xut
Sau mi ca sn xut phi lau dn sn nh trong xng
Cc phng tin v sinh phi lun c gi sch s v m bo trong tnh trng
hot ng tt.
Sn bi v li i li khu vc ph cn, ni lu tr nguyn liu sn xut ca phn
xng phi lun sch s.
I.5. X l cht thi ph phm v nc thi
I.5.1. X l ph phm cht thi
Ph phm phi c bo qun khng nh hng ti sn phm v sau mi ca sn
xut phi vn chuyn ra khi khu vc ch bin.
Cht thi phi cha trong dng c thch hp, c np y cn thn, m bo khng
ly nhim n thc phm v sau mi ca sn xut phi vn chuyn ra ni tp kt ch x
l bng con ng ring khng i qua ni ch bin.
Cc dng c cha ph phm v cht thi phi uc lm sch sau mi ln s dng.
dung c nhn ca cng nhn vin phi c ct gi ngoi khu vc x l thnh
phm.

GVHD: Chu Th Bch Phng

SVTH: Nguyn Th Bch Thy

Trng H K Thut Cng Ngh TPHCM


Khoa Cng Ngh Thc phm

Bo co thc tp tt nghip
vtt: Cng Ty TNHH Vina Min t Ngt

I.5.2. X l nc thi
Nc thi ca cc phn xng phi c thu gom v h thng nc thi chung ca
cng ty v c a x l ti h thng x l nc thi ca cng ty trc khi thi ra
mi trng bn ngoi.
I.5.2.1. S quy trnh x l nc thi
Nc thi

Tch bo

Cn bng pH

Sc kh

Ti tun hon bn
Bn tha

X l vi sinh

Hi bn

Phi bn

Lng bn
Bn kh
Lm ni bn

Nc sinh
hot

Hnh 3: S quy trnh x l nc thi


I.5.2.2. Thuyt minh quy trnh
Nc thi gm 2 ngun l t nh my v cng rnh. Nc thi ch yu cha
cc thnh phn nh: cht bo sa, cht m, ng saccharose, du c v thnh
phn v c nh: cht kim v acid trong nhng dung dch ra. H thng x l
nc thi lp t ti nh my theo phng php x l vi sinh hiu kh.

GVHD: Chu Th Bch Phng

SVTH: Nguyn Th Bch Thy

Trng H K Thut Cng Ngh TPHCM


Khoa Cng Ngh Thc phm

Bo co thc tp tt nghip
vtt: Cng Ty TNHH Vina Min t Ngt

Nc sn xut v nc sinh hot t nh my chy tp trung vo h nc thi.


H ny c o su di t nn nc s t cc ni theo ng cng ngm t
vo h, khng cn s dng bm. Ti h nc thi c cc tm li gi li cc
phn t c kch thc > 1mm. T , nc thi s qua bn cn bng. Do bn
cn bng cng c o su xung lng t nn cn dng bm bm nc
gia hai bn. Ti bn cn bng c thit b t ng ly mu kim tra pH. Vo
nhng ngy cui tun, lng thit b c v sinh thng rt nhiu, cc ha
cht ty ra c th lm pH ca nc thi thay i t ngt, khng tt cho s
pht trin ca vi sinh vt. Do , ngi ta c th thm acid hoc baz vo
trung ha nc trc khi bm i, trong bn cn bng c cnh khuy khuy
trn v c 3 bm bm nc qua b trung gian.
Trong b trung gian, nc v bn (sinh khi vi sinh vt phn tn trong nc)
c vo ng thi theo 2 ng st cnh nhau, ngoi ra cn c nhng ng
nha di dn kh sc t y bn ln, va nhm mc ch cung cp khng kh
cho s pht trin vi sinh vt, va nhm khuy trn ng u nc thi v bn
trc khi qua b x l.
T b trung gian, nc t chy qua b x l thng qua cng chy trn. B x l
c th tch 1500 m3. Trong b c 2 cnh khuy trn lin tc cung cp O2 cho
s pht trin ca vi sinh vt. Bn cnh cn c b x l vi th tch nh hn 700 m3 vi h thng thi kh sc t di ln cung cp O2 cho vi sinh vt,
nhng b ny ch c s dng khi b ln khng x l kp.
Khi x l xong s chy qua b lng cng qua ng chy trn. B lng ny c
thanh co quay trn lin tc co bn v pha y hnh nn. y mt phn
bn (tc sinh khi vi sinh vt) c hi lu v b trung gian tip tc chu
trnh mi, phn cn li s c x l thi b nu lng bn tng qu nhanh
do vi sinh vt pht trin qu nhanh. Nc thot ra t b lng s c lc ln
cui trc khi thot ra knh.
I.5.2.3. Tiu chun nc thi c php thi ra sau khi x l
Bng 1: Tiu chun nc thi
Thng s
pH
COD (mg/l)
SS (mg/l)
Coliform (khun lc/100ml)

Tiu chun
5.5 9.0
100
100
5000

X l bn: t b lng, bn c dn qua cc b phi bn (bn chuyn t mu


nu sang mu xanh v nt n thnh tmg mng l t yu cu) hoc a vo my p
bn (trong trng hp b khng x l ht hoc vo ma ma khng th phi kh bn).
Nu dng my p bn phi trn vi keo poly (poly electrolyte) kt dnh. Tuy nhin
keo ny rt t tin nn phng php dng my p bn khng c s dng nhiu.
Bn kh s c cng ty mi trng ly i.

GVHD: Chu Th Bch Phng

SVTH: Nguyn Th Bch Thy

Trng H K Thut Cng Ngh TPHCM


Khoa Cng Ngh Thc phm

Bo co thc tp tt nghip
vtt: Cng Ty TNHH Vina Min t Ngt

Chng II:
NGUYN LIU SN XUT KO
II.1. Saccharose
II.1.1. Gii thiu
Sacharose l cht ngt thng dng nht trong sn xut ko, thng gi l
ng knh, sn xut t ma hoc c ci ng.
Sacharose l mt cacbon hydrat, cng thc phn t l C12H22O11, l
disaccharide do 2 monosaccharide l D-glucose v D-fructose to thnh.
II.1.2. Vai tr
N c tc dng to v ngt cho qu trnh sn xut ko.
II.1.3. Ch tiu cht lng
Bng 2: Ch tiu cht lng ca saccharose dng sn xut ko
Ch tiu cht lng
Saccharose
Nc
Tro
ng kh
pH
Mu sc

n v (%)
99,7%
0,15%
0,15%
0,15%
7
Trng tinh

II.2. Mch nha


II.2.1. Gii thiu
Mch nha l mt nguyn liu quan trng lm ko. N l sn phm trung gian
ca qu trnh thu phn tinh bt bng acid, hoc enzyme.
Mch nha dng lm ko phi l dung dch khng mu (hoc hi vng), trong sut,
snh v c v ngt m du.
Thnh phn ch yu ca mch nha l glucoza, mantoza, dextrin v fructoza. Tu
theo mc thu phn tinh bt m hm lng ca bn thnh phn ny c khc nhau
v t cng quyt nh tnh cht v gi tr s dng ca mch nha.
II.2.2. Vai tr
Trong sn xut ko, nha c s dng rt rng ri, khng nhng dng lm cht
chng kt tinh, m cn l cht n l tng i vi hu ht cc loi ko.

GVHD: Chu Th Bch Phng

SVTH: Nguyn Th Bch Thy

Trng H K Thut Cng Ngh TPHCM


Khoa Cng Ngh Thc phm

Bo co thc tp tt nghip
vtt: Cng Ty TNHH Vina Min t Ngt

II.2.3. Bng ch tiu cht lng


Bng 3: Ch tiu cht lng ca mch nha dng sn xut ko
Thng s
kh
ng kh
Tro
Kim loi nng
pH
Nhit chy sm
Tinh bt v acid t do
Mui NaCl
Mi v
Tp cht

Cht lng
80 85%
35 40%
<=0,6%
<=0,001%
4,8 5,5
140 148oC
Khng c
Khng mu hoc vng nht
Khng c mi v l
Khng c tp cht c hc

II.3. Shortening
II.3.1. Gii thiu
L este ca glycerin v acid bo
Shortening l cht bo c hydro ha, qu trnh hydro ha l qu trnh lm
cho cht bo cha no th lng qua tc dng ca hydro tr thnh cht bo no th
rn.
Hin nay, shortening c s dng nhiu trong ch bin ko ni ring v cc
ngnh ch bin thc phm ni chung. Vic s dng cc loi cht bo ng vt c nguy
c gy bnh x va ng mch cho ngi s dng do trong cht bo ng vt c nhiu
cholesterol, mt khc s dng shortening c gi thnh r so cht bo ng vt ng
thi shortening d bo qun t b i do b oxy ha.
II.3.2. Vai tr
Nng cao dinh dng ca sn phm
Tng tnh mm mi v to v bo cho sn phm
Hn ch to bt trong giai on nu
Gi c hng v bn vng
Gim dnh v lm bng b mt ko
II.3.3. Ch tiu cht lng ca Shortening
Bng 4: Ch tiu cht lng ca Shortening
Ch tiu cm quan
Trng thi: Rn, xp, bng mn
Mu: Trng hoc vng nht
Mi: khng c mi i du

Ch tiu ho l
Ch s acid ( mg KOH/g): 0,5
Ch s peroxyt (meq/kg): 2
Nhit nng chy cho bnh, ko: 3842oC

Tp cht: khng c tp cht c hc


GVHD: Chu Th Bch Phng

SVTH: Nguyn Th Bch Thy

Trng H K Thut Cng Ngh TPHCM


Khoa Cng Ngh Thc phm

Bo co thc tp tt nghip
vtt: Cng Ty TNHH Vina Min t Ngt

II.4. B
II.4.1. Gii thiu
B l sn phm thu c t vng sa bng phng php phn ly. B l dng nh
tng cng trng thi 2 pha : pha bo v pha protid nc.
B c nhiu loi, thng gp 2 loi sau: b mn v b lt. B mn c hm lng
mui khong 1,5 %, d bo qun hn b lt. Mui khng ch c tc dng lm tng
hng v b m cn lm gim kh nng h hng do mc trn b mt.
II.4.2. Vai tr
B lm ko s gi c hnh th hon chnh v t chc cn c ca ko.
II.4.3. Ch tiu cht lng ca b
Bng 5: Ch tiu cht lng ca b
Ch tiu cm quan
Ch s acid
Ch s peroxid
Nhit nng chy
Mu

Cht lng
< 1 (mg KOH/g)
<1 (meq/kg)
37 42 oC
Sng, khng i

II.5. Sa
II.5.1. Vai tr
Ci thin mi thm ca ko, lm cho ko mm mi, mn xp, n hi
Nng cao gi tr dinh dng ca ko.
II.5.2. Ch tiu cht lng ca Sa
Bng 6: Ch tiu cht lng ca Sa
Ch tiu cm quan
Ch tiu ho l
Bt mn, mu trng - m (%): 5
hoc ng, ng u khng
b vn cc, mi thm, v
ngt, khng c mi v l,
ho tan trong nc thnh - Tro (%): 9
nh tng ng u, bn,
khng lng cn.

Ch tiu vi sinh
- Tng vi khun hiu kh
(vk/g): 100000
Coliform (con/g): khng
c

- Prtin (%): 31

GVHD: Chu Th Bch Phng

SVTH: Nguyn Th Bch Thy

Trng H K Thut Cng Ngh TPHCM


Khoa Cng Ngh Thc phm

Bo co thc tp tt nghip
vtt: Cng Ty TNHH Vina Min t Ngt

II.6. Gelatin
II.6.1. Gii thiu
Gelatin l loi protein thu c t cht keo sng ca xng, da, gn hoc mng
ca cc ng vt. Gelatin c nhiu acid amin cn thit cho c th con ngi nh
tyroxin, xystinin, glixin, histidin, glutamin, tryptophan
II.6.2. Vai tr
Lm cho khi ko mm, n nh, n hi, c th chu c ti trng tng i
ln m khng bin dng.
Hin nay phn xng ang s dng cc loi gelatin sau: 100, 125, 250
II.6.3. Ch tiu cht lng ca Gelatin
Bng 7: Ch tiu cht lng ca Gelatin
Ch tiu cm quan
Dng ht mn, c mu
kem nht, khng c ln
tp cht.

Ch tiu ho l
m (%): 13

Ch tiu vi sinh
Tng vi khun hiu kh
(vk/g):1000
Coliform (con/g): 10

Tro(%): 2

II.7. Gum Arabic


II.7.1. Gii thiu
L mt loi nha cy, v cu to l mt polymer a phn t bao gm nhiu loi
monome khc nhau (galactose, arabinoza, acid gluconic, acid metyl glucorunic,..).
Dung dch gum arabic c nht nh hn nhiu so vi cc loi keo khc, iu
ny l do phn t gum arabic c cu trc hnh cu. Trng lng phn t ca gum
arabic gn 600.000 dvC.
Gum arabic tan kh tt trong nc (c th to ra dung dch gum 50% khi
lng). Dung dch gum arabic tt th khng mu, khng mi, khng v (cht lng xu
dn n dung dch c mi kh chu). Gum arabic khng tan trong cn v phn ln cc
dung mi hu c. Dung dch gum arabic c tnh acid nh trong khong pH = 4,5 5,5.
nht ca dung dch gum arabic tng i thp (dung dch 30% c nht 200
cps). nht ca dung dch cc i pH = 6-7, trong khong pH = 5-10, nht thay
i t. nht dung dch t l thun vi nng v t l nghch vi nhit .
II.7.2. Vai tr
Trong cng nghip sn xut ko, gum arabic c dng nh cht to gel ng
thi c kh nng ngn cn s kt tinh.

GVHD: Chu Th Bch Phng

10

SVTH: Nguyn Th Bch Thy

Trng H K Thut Cng Ngh TPHCM


Khoa Cng Ngh Thc phm

Bo co thc tp tt nghip
vtt: Cng Ty TNHH Vina Min t Ngt

II.8. Tc nhn to xp
II.8.1. Gii thiu
Palsgaard l polycerol ester ca acid bo thc phm, c dng lm cht to
xp trong sn xut bnh ko c cha nhiu margarine v shorteing, n cng l mt
cht nh ho tt do trong cu trc phn t c c cc nhm ca nc v nhm k
nc.
Thnh phn ch yu ca palsgaard l mono glyceride c tc dng nh mt cht
nh ha lm trung gian cho vic phn tn cc cht lng kh (to xp) v lng- lng
(phn tn u hai cht khng ha tan vo nhau).
II.8.2. Vai tr
Gi c kh trong sn phm
To ra s phn tn bt kh ng u trong ko dn n gim khi lng ring
t trng thi yu cu.
II.8.3. Ch tiu cht lng ca Palsgaard
Bng 8: Ch tiu cht lng ca Palsgaard
Ch tiu cht lng
Ch s x phng ho

Palsgaard 1009
0 160

Palsgaard 0090

Acid bo t do

2,5 %

1,5 %

Ch s Iod

2%

2%

im nng chy

58oC

70oC

Mu sc

Cream

Trng

Hin ti phn xng ang s dng hai loi : 1009, 0090


Ch tiu cht lng ca tng loi nh sau:
II.8.3.1. To xp (1009)
Cm quan: Mu trng ng, ht mn, khng b ng cc thnh tng.
Ho l: Ch s acid (mg KOH/g): 11,5
II.8.3.2. Chng dnh (0090)
Cm quan: Mu trng ng, ht mn, khng b ng cc thnh tng.
Ho l: Acid bo t do theo palmitic (%): 1,5

GVHD: Chu Th Bch Phng

11

SVTH: Nguyn Th Bch Thy

Trng H K Thut Cng Ngh TPHCM


Khoa Cng Ngh Thc phm

Bo co thc tp tt nghip
vtt: Cng Ty TNHH Vina Min t Ngt

II.9. Acid citric


II.9.1. Gii thiu
y l loi acid hu c c dng rng ri nht trong ko.
Acid citric c dng tinh th ngm mt phn t nc, rt d tan trong nc hoc
cn, kh tan trong etylen. Acid citric c nhiu trong hoa qu t nhin, nhiu nht l
trong chanh, chim khong 6 8 % khi lng. Lng acid citric dng cho ko cng
thng 0,4 1,4%. Acid citric phi cha trong thng g, ni kh ro phng vn
cc, bin mu. Nu tinh th qu ln phi nghin nh trc khi dng.
II.9.2. Vai tr
Cc loi ko hoa qu thng dng acid hu c lm cht iu v.
II.9.3. Ch tiu cht lng ca acid citric
Bng 9: Ch tiu cht lng ca acid citric dng sn xut ko nh sau:
Thng s
Acid citric
m
Tro
Kim loi nng
Tp cht
Mu sc
Cm quan

Ho l

Cht lng
88%
9%
0,1%
50 ppm
khng c
trng tinh
Mu trng tinh, khng c tp cht, ho
tan trong nc ct phi trong sut,
khng mi.
m (%): 9
Hm lng acid khan (%): 88

II.10. Tinh du
II.10.1. Gii thiu
Tinh du thuc nhm hp cht bay hi, c mi thm. Tinh du khng tan trong
nc, nhng tan trong cc dung mi hu c.
V bn cht ho hc, tinh du l mt hn hp ca nhiu cht khc nhau. Tuy
nhin, thnh phn chnh v quan trng nht l tecpen v cc dn xut oxyt ca tecpen (
tecpen l hydrocacbon i c vng hoc khng vng, cng thc chung l (C10H16)n).
Trong sn xut ko thng dng cc tinh du sau:
Tinh du cam: L cht lng mu vng, c mi cam, v ngt, hi cay, si
175 180oC.
Tinh du qut: L cht lng mu vng, c mi thm rt d chu. Thnh phn
ch yu ca tinh du qut l limonen. Mi thm d chu ca tinh du qut l
este metilic ca acid metilantronilic gy nn.

GVHD: Chu Th Bch Phng

12

SVTH: Nguyn Th Bch Thy

Trng H K Thut Cng Ngh TPHCM


Khoa Cng Ngh Thc phm

Bo co thc tp tt nghip
vtt: Cng Ty TNHH Vina Min t Ngt

Tinh du chanh: L cht lng mu vng ng, c mi thm mt du ca


chanh. Trong tinh du chanh c 90 % l limonen, nhng mi thm d chu
l do xytral gy nn.
Tinh du da: L cht lng mu vng, snh c mi thm ca da. Tinh du
da c mi thm c trng, l do trong thnh phn ca butirat pentil. Nhit
si khong 170 175oC.
II.10.2. Vai tr
To mi thm cho ko.
II.10.3. Ch tiu cht lng
C mi thm c trng.
Thm vi giy t chy c.
Th hin trung tnh hay acid yu vi giy qu.
Kim loi nng 10 ppm.
II.11. Vanilin
II.11.1. Gii thiu
Vanilin c dng tinh th hnh kim hoc dng bt, khng mu, c mi thm c
trng, tan trong ru etylic.
II.11.2. Ch tiu cht lng ca vanilin
Bng 10: Ch tiu cht lng ca vanilin dng trong sn xut ko
Thng s
Nhit nng chy
Nc
Tro
Kim loi nng

Cht lng
81 83oC
0,5 %
0,05 %
10 ppm

II.12. Cht mu thc phm


II.12.1. Gii thiu
Mu ca thc phm thng c to nn t: mu sc t nhin ca nguyn liu
thc phm
Cht mu thch hp cho sn xut ko phi: Nm trong danh mc s dng cho php
Khng b nh hng bi SO2, ng kh, acid thc phm
Bn vi nhit v nh sng
Theo qui nh, khi lng mu a vo ko nhiu nht l 0,01% khi lng ko.

GVHD: Chu Th Bch Phng

13

SVTH: Nguyn Th Bch Thy

Trng H K Thut Cng Ngh TPHCM


Khoa Cng Ngh Thc phm

Bo co thc tp tt nghip
vtt: Cng Ty TNHH Vina Min t Ngt

II.12.2. Vai tr
II.12.3. Ch tiu cht lng ca cht mu thc phm
Bng 11: Ch tiu cht lng ca dng sn xut ko
Thng s
Cht bay hi ( 135oC )
Cht khng tan trong nc
Arsen ( tnh ra As2O3 )
Ch

Cht lng
10 %
0,5 %
1,4 ppm
10 ppm

II.13. Cht nh ha
II.13.1. Gii thiu
Cht nh ha dng nhiu nht trong sn xut ko l cc photphatide, khng qu
0,5% khi lng ko. Glyxerit diacid cng thng c s dng, lng dng khng
qu 5%.
Lecithine: cht lng st, vng sm, mi rt kh chu. C nhiu trong lng trng
(8 10%) v u nnh (2,5%), lecithine thng phm thng trch t u nnh.
Lecithne gm nhiu cht khc nhau v thng cha du u nnh.
Hm lng lecithine dng trong ko khong 0,5 - 1%.
Bng 12: Thnh phn chnh ca lecithin
Thnh phn
Du u nnh
Phosphatictyl choline
Phosphatictyl ethrollamine
Insitol phosphatid
Nhng phospholipid v cht bo khc

n v (%)
35%
8%
15%
12%
9%

II.13.2. Vai tr
II.13.3. Ch tiu cht lng ca lecithin
Bng 13: Ch tiu cht lng ca lecithin
Cm quan

Ho l
- m (%): 1

Dng lng, mu nu vng

- Ch s acid (mg KOH/g): 28


- Peroxyt (meq/kg): 5

GVHD: Chu Th Bch Phng

14

SVTH: Nguyn Th Bch Thy

28

Trng H K Thut Cng Ngh TPHCM


Khoa Cng Ngh Thc phm

Bo co thc tp tt nghip
vtt: Cng Ty TNHH Vina Min t Ngt

Chng III:
QUY TRNH CNG NGH SN XUT
III.1. Qui trnh cng ngh sn xut ko cng
Shortening,
lecithine

Nc, ng,
nha

Nc, Sa

Ha tan
Ha tan
Hng liu,
ph gia

Nu
Phi trn
Lm ngui 1

Chun b nhn
To hnh

Lm ngui 2
Phn loi 1

Ph phm

Bao gi

Nhn

Phn loi 2
Ti

ng ti

Thng

ng thng

Ph phm

Thnh phm

Hnh 4: Qui trnh cng ngh sn xut ko cng


GVHD: Chu Th Bch Phng

15

SVTH: Nguyn Th Bch Thy

Trng H K Thut Cng Ngh TPHCM


Khoa Cng Ngh Thc phm

Bo co thc tp tt nghip
vtt: Cng Ty TNHH Vina Min t Ngt

III.2. Thuyt minh cng ngh sn xut ko cng


III.2.1. Ha tan
Mc ch: Lm cho cht ha tan c tan hon ton, to dung dch ng nht.
III.2.1.1. Cch tin hnh
Qu trnh ha tan c thc hin trong ni quy syr, thc hin theo th t sau:
Ha tan ng: ng, mui, mui m (nu c) ha tan vi lng nc theo
cng thc ko tnh sn.thng thng lng nc ha tan dng l khong 1/3 so
vi lng ng. Bt u gia nhit v khuy ln nhit 1000C ha tan trit
ton b cc ht ng. Shortening, lecithine (i vi ko sa) cng cho vo trong giai
on ny. Mui c cho vo c tinh iu v, lm gim ngt gc ca ng. Mui
m lm tng tnh ha tan ca ng trong dung dch, nhm ha tan hon ton khng
st li mm tinh th gy hi ng. Lng mui v mui m cho vo theo cng
thc phi liu.
Phi trn nha: mch nha c cho vo phi trn chung sir ng gia nhit.
Hm lng ng kh trong nha trc khi a vo c DE=42, hm lng cht kh
Bx:75-80, thng sau khi c c hm lng ng kh trong khi ko tng khong
1%. Lng ng kh tng thm ny l do ng saccharose trong qu trnh ha tan
trong mi trng c ion H+ mt phn s chuyn ha thnh loi ng kh glucose v
fructose.
Phi dung dch sa (i vi ko sa). Quy sa trong thng, lng nc v sa
theo t l 1:1, thi gian ha tan khong 30 pht. Sa phi c ha tan hon ton , nu
sa b vn cc phi lc qua li loc trc khi a vo phi trn.
p lc hi: 6 kg/cm2.
Thi gian ha tan: 8-10 pht.
III.2.1.2. Cc yu t nh hng
p lc hi.
Thi gian ho tan.
III.2.1.3. Yu cu
cht ha tan phi tan hon ton, dung dch ng nht, khng vn cc, chy v
chuyn mu.
III.2.2. Nu
III.2.2.1. Mc ch
Bc hi nc trong dch ko n m yu cu.
III.2.2.2. Cch tin hnh
Qu trnh nu ko cng c tin hnh trong ni nu lin tc, chia lm hai giai
on lin tip nhau:

GVHD: Chu Th Bch Phng

16

SVTH: Nguyn Th Bch Thy

Trng H K Thut Cng Ngh TPHCM


Khoa Cng Ngh Thc phm

Bo co thc tp tt nghip
vtt: Cng Ty TNHH Vina Min t Ngt

Nu p sut thng: dung dch c gia nhit n 130 136oC ti bung gia
nhit, bc hi mnh lit v c c c n hm lng cht kh t 97% - 98% p
sut kh quyn.
C c chn khng: Ko sau khi nu p sut thng, c rt xung bung c
c chn khng. Ti bung chn khng khi ko tip tc c gia nhit (bung 2 v)
nhit l t 119-1200c, ni chn khng l ni 2 v duy tr nhit , hn ch tnh
trng ko dnh ti ni khi x. Khi lng ko trong bung chn khng ti mc qui nh
th x ko v kt thc qu trnh nu.Hm lng cht kh sau khi c c chn khng l
Bx:98,5-100%
p lc hi: 6 kg/cm2.
chn khng: 600-650 mmHg.
III.2.2.3. Cc bin i trong qu trnh nu
Bin i ha l: qu trnh bc hi nc :nc trong sir nhn nhit t hi t ri
chuyn sang trng thi hi, tch khi dung dch. Lng nc trong sir gim
dn.Trong dung dch cn li ng saccharose v cc cht chng kt tinh: glucose,
fructose, maltose, dextrin... Do s c mt ca cc cht chng kt tinh ny vi lng
kh ln m ng saccharose khng kt tinh c mc d chng trng thi qu bo
ha rt ln. ng saccharose trng thi ny khng phi dng tinh th ta gi n l
trng thi v nh hnh hay trng thi phi tinh.
Bin i ha hc: S thy phn ng saccharose:Khi nu ko, nhit ca sir
tng cao n 1350C, mi trng ca sir l acid yu (pH=6.5-6.7). Do vy c xy ra
phn ng thy phn ng saccharose thnh glucose v fructose hay cn gi l ng
chuyn ha.Sau khi nu ko ng kh tng khong 1% so vi trc khi nu.
Bin i vi sinh: Trong qu trnh nu ko di tc dng ca nhit cao, nn hu
ht cc vi sinh vt: nm men, nm mc, vi khun... u b tiu dit. ng thi nng
ng kh cao nn cng gp phn tiu dit vi sinh vt gip cho ko bo qun c lu
hn.
III.2.2.4. Cc yu t nh hng
Nhit : thp: ko non.

Nhit : cao: ko gi.

chn khng thp (p lc hi khng i): ko non, nh hng ti mu sc


ko.

chn khng cao (p lc hi khng i): ko c m thp, ko gi.


Lu lng bm pistng: thp: ko gi v c th b chy.

Lu lng bm pistng: cao: ko non.

Bx ca syrup: thp: ko non.


Bx ca syrup: cao: ko gi.
Nhit syrup: thp: ko non.
GVHD: Chu Th Bch Phng

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SVTH: Nguyn Th Bch Thy

Trng H K Thut Cng Ngh TPHCM


Khoa Cng Ngh Thc phm

Bo co thc tp tt nghip
vtt: Cng Ty TNHH Vina Min t Ngt

Nhit syrup: cao: ko gi.


III.2.2.5. Yu cu
Ko tinh cng dn. m 11.5 %. Ko trong sut khng c vt c biu hin
ca s hi ng, mu sc vng ti, hm lng ng kh trc khi c c l t 1719%, sau khi c c l 18-20%.
III.2.3. Phi trn
III.2.3.1. Mc ch
Trn u cc cht ph gia, to dung dch ng nht.
III.2.3.2. Cch tin hnh
Thc hin qu trnh phi trn hng liu, ph gia vo ko tinh bng my nh
trn, n khi phn tn u cc cht ny.
III.2.3.3. Cc yu t nh hng
Tc nh trn: to bt khi nh trn vi tc cao.
Thi gian phi trn: c kh nng hi nu khng c lm ngui nhanh, c th
xy ra phn ng chuyn ha (ko c acid).
III.2.3.4. Yu cu
Hng liu ph gia c phi trn phi ng nht.
III.2.4. Lm ngui 1
III.2.4.1. Mc ch
H nhit gim linh ng ca khi ko, khi ko t nhit thch hp.
III.2.4.2. Cch tin hnh
Khi ko cng sau khi phi trn, vn cn nhit tng i cao, nht
thp nn ng saccharose vn c th kt tinh li d dng, v vy phi nhanh chng
lm ngui khi ko. Qa trnh lm ngui gm 2 phn:
Lm ngui ti bn lm ngui: lm ngui khi ko bng bn lm ngui, gii
nhit bng nc lnh, nhit nc lnh khong 20oC ti thng cha.
Lm ngui bng my kneading: thc hin lm ngui bng my kneading, mc
ch chnh ca kneading l lm ng u khi ko. Tc nhn gii nhit l nc
lnh.
III.2.4.3. Cc yu t nh hng
Nhit nc lm ngui:khng nn h nhit qu thp dn n hin tng
ng sng trn b mt khi ko.
Lu lng nc lm lnh.
Thi gian khng c qu di v s xy ra hin tng hi ng.

GVHD: Chu Th Bch Phng

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SVTH: Nguyn Th Bch Thy

Trng H K Thut Cng Ngh TPHCM


Khoa Cng Ngh Thc phm

Bo co thc tp tt nghip
vtt: Cng Ty TNHH Vina Min t Ngt

III.2.4.4. Yu cu
Lm ngui nhanh khi ko, ko sau khi lm ngui phi t trng thi do ph
hp nh hnh, nhit khong 70 80oC.
III.2.5. Ln cn, vut, to hnh
III.2.5.1. Mc ch
nh hnh v bao gi vin ko. Cch ly ko vi mi trng bn ngoi, tng thi
gian bo qun ko, to cho vin ko c v b ngoi hp dn, gip cho vic tiu th sn
phm c thun li.
III.2.5.2. Cch tin hnh
Qu trnh to hnh c thc hin trn cc dy chuyn to hnh ko cng. Khi
ko ln lt c ln cn thnh khi ko hnh cn, vut nh cc cp bnh vut (k
hiu ln lt l A, B, C, D, E, G), v dp vin to hnh cho ko.
III.2.5.3. Cc yu t nh hng
cao cam trn bn trong.
Khe h gia cc cp bnh vut, c bit l vut G.
Tnh ng b v tc .
Trng thi ko.
III.2.5.4. Yu cu
Ko sau khi to hnh c kch thc, hnh dng, khi lng vin ko ng u,
ph hp. Nu l ko c nhn th cn cn phi iu chnh t l nhn/ko hp l. T l
nhn/ko qu thp s khng phn nh y tnh cht ca ko thnh phm, ngc li
t l nhn/ko qu cao s lm ko d v nhn trong qu trnh ch bin v bo qun.
III.2.6. Lm ngui 2
III.2.6.1. Mc ch
Lm cho ko t ngui cn thit : khng bin dng, khng dnh.
III.2.6.2. Cch tin hnh
Qu trnh lm ngui 2 c tin hnh nh bng ti lm ngui, bng ti lm
ngui ko c c trong phng lnh nhit khong: 25 oC, m tng i: 55%.
III.2.6.3. Yu t nh hng
Nhit gi lm ngui.
Lu lng gi.
Nhit ko.
Lng ko.
Tc bng ti.
Bin ri ko.
GVHD: Chu Th Bch Phng

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SVTH: Nguyn Th Bch Thy

Trng H K Thut Cng Ngh TPHCM


Khoa Cng Ngh Thc phm

Bo co thc tp tt nghip
vtt: Cng Ty TNHH Vina Min t Ngt

III.2.6.4. Yu cu
Ko t ngui cn thit : khng bin dng, khng dnh.
III.2.7. Phn loi 1
III.2.7.1. Mc ch
H nhit gim linh ng ca khi ko, khi ko t nhit thch hp.
III.2.7.2. Cch tin hnh
Phn loi ko bng phng php th cng, tch ring nhng vin ko khng t
cht lng ch x l ring. Ko t cht lng c cho vo nhng bao nha PE ch
ng gi.
III.2.7.3. Yu cu
Ko trn sau cng on lm ngui 2 phi ng u v cht lng cm quan,
hnh dng v kch thc vin ko.
III.2.8. Bao gi
III.2.8.1. Mc ch
Cch ly ko vi mi trng bn ngoi, hn ch s ht m.
III.2.8.2. Cch tin hnh
Ko c bao gi bng cc my gi ko.
III.2.8.3. Yu t nh hng
Nhit dn.
Tc dn.
p lc dn.
Profile.
Ring vi u dao( crimper): cao dao v tht cng nh hng n kn
chc.
III.2.8.4. Yu cu
Ko phi c bao gi kn, chc, ng bc ct, ng v tr ct, hnh dng cn
i, cc ng dn r nt v khng b chy, ko phi c ct ri.
III.2.9. Phn loi 2
III.2.9.1. Cch tin hnh
Phn loi ko bng phng php th cng, tch ring nhng vin ko khng
t cht lng ch x l ring (phi trn hoc ti ch). Ko t cht lng c cn
nh lng v cho vo cc r ng ko ch ng ti.
III.2.9.2. Yu cu
Ko sau khi phn loi phi t v ng u v cht lng bao gi.

GVHD: Chu Th Bch Phng

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SVTH: Nguyn Th Bch Thy

Trng H K Thut Cng Ngh TPHCM


Khoa Cng Ngh Thc phm

Bo co thc tp tt nghip
vtt: Cng Ty TNHH Vina Min t Ngt

III.2.10. ng ti
III.2.10.1. Mc ch
Ngn cch ko vi mi trng, hn ch s ht m. Phn chia sn phm thnh
nhng n v sn phm thun li cho qu trnh phn phi.
III.2.10.2. Cch tin hnh
Ko c ng ti bng cc my ng ti hoc ng ti th cng.
III.2.10.3. Yu cu
Ti ko phi kn (kn cc ng dn, khng b rch v khng b l mt), c
hi, ng khi lng tnh in trn ti.
III.2.11. ng thng
III.2.11.1. Mc ch
Mt ln na ngn cch ko vi mi trng, to mt n v sn phm ln hn
thun li cho qu trnh vn chuyn, sp xp, bo qun, bc d v phn phi.
III.2.11.2. Cch tin hnh
Ti ko c cho vo cc thng carton, sp xp cc ti ko trong thng v ng
thng bng th cng.
III.2.11.3. Yu cu
ng thng ng s ti/thng theo quy nh, cch sp xp, b tr cc ti ko
trong thng phi ng theo quy nh.

GVHD: Chu Th Bch Phng

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SVTH: Nguyn Th Bch Thy

Trng H K Thut Cng Ngh TPHCM


Khoa Cng Ngh Thc phm

Bo co thc tp tt nghip
vtt: Cng Ty TNHH Vina Min t Ngt

III.3. Quy trnh cng ngh sn xut ko mm


ng, mui, nha

Shortening,lecithin

Ha tan
Ko ph phm ti ch
tch)
Nu
fondant, cht
to gel,
hng liu,

Phi trn
Ko ph phm dng phi
trn u ui
Lm ngui 1

Qut

Lm ngui 2

To hnh v
bao gi
Ko ph phm

Lm ngui 3

ng gi

ng thng

Thnh Phm

m ngh sn xut ko mm
Hnh 5: Quy trnh cng

GVHD: Chu Th Bch Phng

22

SVTH: Nguyn Th Bch Thy

Trng H K Thut Cng Ngh TPHCM


Khoa Cng Ngh Thc phm

Bo co thc tp tt nghip
vtt: Cng Ty TNHH Vina Min t Ngt

III.4. Thuyt minh quy trnh cng ngh sn xut ko mm.


III.4.1. Ha tan
Tng t nh ko cng.
III.4.2. Nu ko
Tng t nh ko cng.
III.4.3. nh trn
III.4.3.1. Mc ch
Trn u cc cht ph gia.
To khung gelatine lm cho khi ko c cu trc n nh, xp v dai.
III.4.3.2. Cch tin hnh
Qu trnh nh trn ko mm c thc hin bng my nh trn hnh tinh.
III.4.3.3. Cc yu t nh hng
Thi gian nh trn: khng nn nh trn thi gian qu di hoc qu ngn,
nu qu di c th lm cho hi ng. Nu thi gian qu ngn th cc hng liu ph
gia cha trn u.
III.4.3.4. Yu cu
Phn tn u cc cht ph gia.
III.4.4. Lm ngui 1
Tng t nh ko cng
III.4.5. Qut
III.4.5.1. Mc ch
Pht trin c nh hng cu trc ca b khung gelatine.
To cho khi ko c mu sc sng hn,thay i trng thi khi ko,lm cho
khi ko c mn mng, xp thch hp, cu trc khi ko n nh.
III.4.5.2. Cch tin hnh
Qut ko trn my qut theo ng khong thi gian quy nh.
Thit b qut ko gm hai tay qut quay ngc chiu nhau hot ng nh mt
ng c in .khi ko c t vo mt trong hai tay qut . Bm nt my hot
ng, thng tc quay ca tay qut l 300vng/pht. Khi ko c qut thnh
bng di ri gp li ri li qut c th trong vng 1-2 pht.
III.4.5.3. Nhng bin i ca khi ko trong qu trnh qut
Trong thi gian qut ko, khi ko tip xc trc tip vi khng kh nhiu v
u s lm xut hin cc lp khng kh v cc ng mao qun mng bn trong. Tnh
cht ha l ca khi ko thay i m nguyn nhn chnh l do khi ko hp th khng
kh v c thc hin nhng im sau:

GVHD: Chu Th Bch Phng

23

SVTH: Nguyn Th Bch Thy

Trng H K Thut Cng Ngh TPHCM


Khoa Cng Ngh Thc phm

Bo co thc tp tt nghip
vtt: Cng Ty TNHH Vina Min t Ngt

C c cu xp mao qun.
Khi hp th khng kh m khi ko tng 1%, nhng nu qut qu 7 pht th
m gim t t n m ban u(v khi c cu xp mao qun b ph v).
Kh nng hp th m ca khi ko tng v b mt khi ko tip xc vi
khng kh ln.
Ko lm ra t dnh hn v sau khi qut n c kh nng di chuyn m tt t b
mt vo bn trong,nh khi bo qun ko t b bin dng hn khi ko khng
qut.
Khi ko c mu sc sng hn v sau khi qut kh nng hp th nh sng km
cn kh nng phn x nh sng cao nn khi nhn vo khi ko s c mu sc
sng hn khi ko trc khi qut.
III.4.5.4 Cc yu t nh hng
Thi gian qut l yu t nh hng rt ln n ko. Nu thi gian qut cho
cng mt loi ko m khc nhau th nh hng n s lng vin ko trong 200g. i
vi ko xp nu thi gian di th dn n ph cu trc xp, lm t gy khung gelatine
ko lm ra s mt i dai do. Nu thi gian ngn th s pht trin cu trc cha
hon thin.
III.4.5.5. Yu cu
Kim sot ng thi gian qut ko thng l 1-2 pht.
III.4.6. Lm ngui 2
III.4.6.1 Mc ch
Lm cho khi ko c nhit ng u, do thch hp chun b cho qu
trnh nh hnh.
III.4.6.2 Cch tin hnh
Lm ngui khi ko bng my.
III.4.6.3 Cc yu t nh hng
Thi gian, nhit nc lm ngui.
i vi ko hi: phi c trong thi gian nht nh cho hi.
III.4.6.4 Yu cu
Khi ko c nhit ng u (khong 50 60oC), do thch hp
III.4.7. Ln cn, vut, nh hnh, bao gi
Tng t nh ko cng

GVHD: Chu Th Bch Phng

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SVTH: Nguyn Th Bch Thy

Trng H K Thut Cng Ngh TPHCM


Khoa Cng Ngh Thc phm

Bo co thc tp tt nghip
vtt: Cng Ty TNHH Vina Min t Ngt

III.4.8. Lm ngui 3
III.4.8.1 Mc ch
Lm ngui vin ko trong phng lnh xung nhit phng n nh trng
thi vin ko trc khi ng ti v a ra th trng.
III.4.8.2 Cch tin hnh
ko ngui t nhin.
III.4.9. ng ti, ng thng
Tng t nh ko cng
III.5. Cc s c v cng ngh v cch khc phc
Bng 14: Cc s c v cng ngh v cch khc phc
Tn s c

Ko hi

Nguyn nhn
Cch khc phc
+ Thi gian gia nhit trong giai + Gia nhit khng c ko di
on ho tan qu di lm nng thi gian, ch cho ng tan hon
dung dch ng tng gy hi ton l c.
ng.
+ Nhn vin vn hnh phi phi
+ Do phi liu khng ng, lng liu chnh xc.
nha a vo qu t lm cho lng
ng kh a vo qu t khng + Ho tan ng sao cho tan hon
ngn cn qu trnh kt tinh ton cc tinh th ng.
saccarose gy ra hin tng hi
+ Sau khi nu ko xong phi thc
ko.
hin v sinh ni nu k.
+ Do ho tan ng lc nu syr
khng ht, cn li nhng tinh th + Qu trnh lm ngui phi c
nh to mm gy nn hin tng thc hin nhanh, nu thy ko trn
kt tinh ng trong qu trnh nu bn lm ngui qu nhiu th phi
x ko gim li trnh tnh trng
ko.
thi gian lu khi ko qu di.
+ Do v sinh ni nu khng k,
cn st li nhng ht tinh th + Khng c phi liu ko u
ui b hi, ko ny nu ti
ng.
ch.
+ Ko khng c lm ngui
nhanh lm cho saccarose kt tinh.
+ Do phi liu ko u ui b
hi.
+ Do ko nng qu lu hay do
my h, hay do x ko qu nhiu.

GVHD: Chu Th Bch Phng

25

SVTH: Nguyn Th Bch Thy

Trng H K Thut Cng Ngh TPHCM


Khoa Cng Ngh Thc phm

Tn s c

Bo co thc tp tt nghip
vtt: Cng Ty TNHH Vina Min t Ngt

Nguyn nhn
Cch khc phc
+Tc lm ngui 1 qu chm do
nc nng, do mt nc hay do
bn lm ngui khng nng - Hn ch x nhiu, nng lu.
sut.
- Khc phc bng cch thng
+ Do RS ko thp, c mm hi, nght, tng tc dng nc vo v
dng nc ra, tng din tch trao
ng tng qu cao.
i nhit.
- Nu hi qu nhanh ta phi nu
- Ko b cng cc b: Do khng li cn nu hi chm ta u tin
chp hnh ng nguyn tc lm chy trc.
ngui, do lu, do khng kh c
- Khc phc, ta phi lt gp nhiu
nhit thp hay gi nhiu.
ln khi ko, hn ch ko tip xc
khng kh lnh.
- Sy r chun b nu ko c Bx - Ho tan sy r c Bx thch hp,
qu thp do nc ho tan ng phi ng thi gian, p lc hi,
nhiu hoc Bx nha thp.
Bx nha phi t yu cu.

Ko non

- Lng sy r np vo ng xon
qu nhiu, p lc hi t v p
sut chn khng khng kh - Lng sy r np vo ng xon
nng bc hi ht lng nc rut g va phi.
c trong syr t hm m
mong mun.
- p lc hi thp v chn khng - iu chnh chn khng cho
thch hp.
thp:
+ p lc hi thp khng nhit
cung cp nng nhit sy r ln
trong bung t, nhit thp lm
sy r khi qua bung bc khng
bc hi nc ht lm cho ko b
non.

+ chn khng thp lm cho


hi nc lm cho hi nc
bung bc hi chn khng bc ra
t, m cui ca ko cao.
Ko b gi, - Ko gi: do nu nhit qu - Ko gi: chia nh phi liu
ko b chy cao hay nu nhit thp rong
GVHD: Chu Th Bch Phng

26

SVTH: Nguyn Th Bch Thy

Trng H K Thut Cng Ngh TPHCM


Khoa Cng Ngh Thc phm

Tn s c

Bo co thc tp tt nghip
vtt: Cng Ty TNHH Vina Min t Ngt

Nguyn nhn
thi gian di.

Cch khc phc


nh ko u ui.
- Ko chy th phi loi b.

m ko
cao

- Ko chy: do ra ni khng
sch, nu nhit qu cao v
thi gian lu.
+ m ko cao: Ko qu mm
d dnh bn lm ngui, dnh my
v hnh thi vin ko d b dp,
ng thi do tnh linh ng cao
nn ko d b hi ng.

m qu
thp

+ m qu thp: ko chng
ngui nn ko u ui cho vo s
khng tan ht, gy kh khn chy
my to nhiu u ui.

+ Nu m ko cao th nu li
hay trn vi ko c m thp
trc khi qut cho ko c m
thch hp v u, c th p
dng i vi ko c m qu
thp.
+ i vi ko c m thp ta
khng nn x qu nhiu m tranh
th lm ngui nhit cao hn
i vi ko c m thng v
cho my gi chy trc.

III.6. Mt s thit b dng trong sn xut ko


III.6.1. Thng khuy sa
C cu to tng i n gin, gm: mt thng hnh tr v mt cnh khuy dng
chong chng v mt ng c.
Sa bt sau khi c khuy vi nc tan hon ton s c bm ln thng lng
lng vo ni si r i vi ko c sa.
III.6.2. Ni nu ko lin tc
III.6.2.1. Cu to
Ni nu lin tc gm cc phn:
Bung hi gia nhit.
ng xon rut g bng ng, t trong bung hi gia nhit.
Bung bc hi t nhin.
Van cn iu chnh lng ko xung bung chn khng.
Bung bc hi chn khng c gia nhit dng 2 v.
Bm cp liu: bm piston, lu lng bm c th thay i c bng cch thay
i bin hnh trnh ca piston.
H thng to chn khng: bm chn khng (bm vng nuc), ct ngng t. T
van hi chnh, ng ng hi cp cho ni theo 2 nhnh: ng hi th 1 i qua

GVHD: Chu Th Bch Phng

27

SVTH: Nguyn Th Bch Thy

Trng H K Thut Cng Ngh TPHCM


Khoa Cng Ngh Thc phm

Bo co thc tp tt nghip
vtt: Cng Ty TNHH Vina Min t Ngt

b phn hm nng van cn trc sau c dn vo bung gia nhit c ng


xon, ng hi cn li cp cho bung 2 v ( bung chn khng ).

Hnh 6: Cu to ni nu lin tc
III.6.2.2 Nguyn l hot ng
Dung dch Sir t bn cha c bm cp liu bm lin tc vo ng xon v
c gia nhit n nhit si trong qu trnh di chuyn trong ng. Ty thuc vo lu
lng bm c th iu chnh p lc hi t nhit thch hp. Sau khi ra khi ng
xon, siro trng thi si s bc hi mt phn ti bung bc hi t nhin v dch ko
tip tc chy xung bung bc hi chn khng thng qua van cn. m van cn c
th iu chnh c, vic iu chnh ph thuc vo lu lng np liu, phi m bo
lun lun c 1 lp dch ko lp kn van cn ngn cch bung chn khng v bung
bc hi t nhin. Nh n nhit, khi xung bung chn khng dch ko tip tc si 1
cch mnh lit v bc hi n m cui. Ti bung chn khng khi ko tip tc
c gia nhit (bung 2 v) duy tr nhit , hn ch tnh trng ko dnh ti ni khi
x. Khi lng ko trong bung chn khng tng i nhiu th x ko v kt thc qu
trnh nu.

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28

SVTH: Nguyn Th Bch Thy

Trng H K Thut Cng Ngh TPHCM


Khoa Cng Ngh Thc phm

Bo co thc tp tt nghip
vtt: Cng Ty TNHH Vina Min t Ngt

III.6.3. My ln cn

Hnh 7: My ln cn
III.6.3.1. Cu to
a. Thn my
b. Cc trc cn: my c 4 trc cn c lp i xng nhau, khng gian gia
cc trc ny to thnh khi hnh cn. B mt nhng khi cn ny c nhng
kha ni tng ma st gia trc v khi ko.
c. ng c v b phn nng h cc trc cn
d. H thng truyn ng cho cc trc cn
e. V lng iu chnh m u ra ca cc trc cn
III.6.3.2. Nguyn l hot ng
My ln cn c xem nh l mt thit b cha v to hnh dng thch
hp cho khi ko trc khi vo my vut. Khi my hot ng cc trc cn xoay
trn cng chiu v c o chiu quay lin tc trnh cho khi ko khng b
xon.
Khi ko sau khi lm ngui c a ln my, di tc ng xoay trn
ca cc trc cn cng vi dc ca cm trc cn khi ko c se thnh hnh
khi cn v di chuyn gn v pha cui my. ng knh khi ko ra khi my
khong 60 80 mm. ng knh ny c th thay i c bng cch iu chnh
v lng u ra ca my. Lng ko thot ra khi my tu thuc vo lng ko
trn my, dc ca cc trc cn v rng u ra ca my.

GVHD: Chu Th Bch Phng

29

SVTH: Nguyn Th Bch Thy

Trng H K Thut Cng Ngh TPHCM


Khoa Cng Ngh Thc phm

Bo co thc tp tt nghip
vtt: Cng Ty TNHH Vina Min t Ngt

III.6.4. My vut

Hnh 8: My vut
III.6.4.1. Cu to

Thn my

ng c truyn ng

B truyn v cp

Cm bnh rng truyn ng cho cc bnh vut

B truyn xch truyn (dn ng t b truyn v cp sang cm bnh rng


truyn ng cho cc bnh vut)
Bin t iu chnh b truyn v cp
Nm cp bnh vut theo th t c k hiu: E, A, B, C, D, G. Cp vut E
l cp vut tip ni vi u ra ca ln cn, trc vut song song vi mt t. Cc
cp vut cn li c trc t vung gc vi cp E. Cp vut G l cp vut ni
tip vi u vo ca my dp vin, khe h ca cp bnh vut G quyt nh kch
thc phi ko vo my dp vin, khe h ny c th diu chnh c. Khe h
gia cc cp bnh vut gim dn, tc di ca cc cp vut c thit k tng
tng ng vi s gim kch thc dy ko.Trc cc bnh vut pha ngoi c
lp trong c c cu lch tm c th thay i khong cch trc gia cc cp
vut.

Cc cn gt iu chnh khe h ca vut (thay i khong cch trc)

Mng dn ko trung gian ni my vut v my dp vin.

III.6.4.2. Nguyn l hot ng


Khi ko ra khi ln cn c ng knh t 60-80 mm.

GVHD: Chu Th Bch Phng

30

SVTH: Nguyn Th Bch Thy

Trng H K Thut Cng Ngh TPHCM


Khoa Cng Ngh Thc phm

Bo co thc tp tt nghip
vtt: Cng Ty TNHH Vina Min t Ngt

III.6.5. My bao gi
My gi ko cng: My Pack: 700 vin/ pht
My khc: 900 vin/ pht.

Hnh 9: My bao gi
Nguyn l lm vic ca my gi ko
Ko vin sau khi lm ngui v phn loi c cp vo phu ng ko ca my
gi. Ko t phu c a vo mm phn phi nh mng rung. Lng ko trong mm
phn phi c th iu chnh c bng cch thay i chiu cao ca u d tn hiu
c gn pha trn mm phn phi.
Mm phn phi thng thng bao gm hai a bng kim loi: mt a c gia
cng cc l cha ko, mt a c hnh cn. Hai a ny c tc quay khc nhau,
cng vi h thng chi qut ko s in y vo l ny.
Ko t cc l trn mm phn phi c xch ti ko ti n hp gp giy ( xch
ti ko ng tc vi mm phn phi). Nhn gi t cc cun nhn qua h thng trc
hm, ru l, thng( m bo nhn c ko u) c a n hp gp giy v bao
ly vin ko. Ti y c u d photocell v b phn iu chnh m bo vin ko
khi gi khng b lch hnh. Nhn gi v ko c a qua cc cp bnh dn dc c
gia nhit dn bng vin ko, sau dy ko s c a sang cp bnh dn ngang
c c gia nhit dn hai u vin ko v ct thnh vin ko ri.

GVHD: Chu Th Bch Phng

31

SVTH: Nguyn Th Bch Thy

Trng H K Thut Cng Ngh TPHCM


Khoa Cng Ngh Thc phm

Bo co thc tp tt nghip
vtt: Cng Ty TNHH Vina Min t Ngt

III.6.6. Cc s c thit b v cch khc phc


Bng 15: Cc s c thit b v cch khc phc
Tn s c

Nguyn nhn
- Chn khng thp lm nhit
khi ko tng cao, thi gian nu
ko di lm cho ng saccarose
b phn gii thnh cc cht to
mu v ng kh, do ko tinh
c mu sm, RS cao c th b
chy sm. Nu ko di khi ko se
hi ng v khi ko tr thnh
ph phm.

Mt chn khng

Cch khc phc


- X van kh khng ngng,
ng van hi cp ni.
- ng ng nc ngng b
nght, ta thng nght.
- Do bm chn khng khng
hot ng, kim tra cc cng
tc hay kim tra bm kp
thi sa.

- Nu ct ngng t qu nng
- Ko tin c Bx rt thp do qu th c th bc b nght ta
trnh bc hi c c khng xy ra cho sang ni khc nu tip
ri v sinh.
trit .
- Nc ngng c th trn vo ni.

- ang thc hin qu trnh nu


nu mt in t ngt th rt d b
h ng rut g. Do trong ng rut
g c ng knh nh v dch ko
c nht ln nn nu mt in
Ni nu lin tc
th rt d xy ra hin tng ko
ng c li trong ng rut g v
rt kh y ra ngoi lc gia nhit
d b chy ng rut g rt tn v
kinh ph.
Mt s thit b ti phn xng c
dng gi khi gp s c hoc trong
lc hot ng v vy cn ch
n hot ng ca my nn gi.
Cc s c v gi

- Nu cc trng hp bnh
thng th kim tra xem
nc sng c cung cp
khng.
- M van 3 chiu cho
nc thu cc vo y dch
ko ra v lc ny vn cn
lng hi tn nn d y ra
v thu hi ho vo sy r.

- Cc ni nu ko mm dng nn
gi t ng ng van ng
thng ca hi th vi ct ngng
t baromet khi mt in trnh
tnh trng nc lm ngui trn
vo ni ko. V vy khi mt gi - Cn ch kim tra gi.
th ch hin tng trn ng

GVHD: Chu Th Bch Phng

32

SVTH: Nguyn Th Bch Thy

Trng H K Thut Cng Ngh TPHCM


Khoa Cng Ngh Thc phm

Tn s c

Bo co thc tp tt nghip
vtt: Cng Ty TNHH Vina Min t Ngt

Nguyn nhn
van x nc lm ngui cho kp
thi.

Cch khc phc

- Cc my gi pack 300 ko cng


u dng gi p bng, v vy
khi khng c gi th cc my ny
ngng hot ng nn ch n
nng sut sn xut.
- Ngoi ra cc my ng ti cng
dng gi nn, vi my ng ti
ko cng hu nh dng ton b
gi chy.
- ng dn dc khng kn:
+ Khc phc: iu chnh li
nhit bnh dn, iu
+Do nhit bnh dn qu thp, lc chnh li lc p ca bnh
p ca bnh dn khng ph hp, dn, thay nhn c cht lng
cht lng mng km, lch profile tt hn, iu chnh li chiu
bnh dn.
cao bnh dn.
- ng dn ngang khng kn:

+ Khc phc: iu chnh li


nhit dn ngang, iu
+ Do nhit dn ngang thp, lc p chnh li lc p l xo ca
ca u dao khng ph hp.
cm u dao.
Cc li v my
gi

- ng dn ngang b bung:
+ Do Lch profile u dao, cht + Khc phc: Canh chnh
lng nhn km.
li u dao, thay nhn c
cht lng tt hn.
- Mt trong cc ng dn ngang
khng kn:
+ Khc phc: Canh chnh
li dao.
+ Do vin ko cha nhiu khng
kh thng thng chy vi vn tc
cao, canh dao qu cao.
- Dn ngang khng tt
+ Kim tra li cc hm dn,
lm sch cc hm dn.

Cc li v my
ng ti

+ Kim tra ng ng v p
sut gi nn.
+ Kim tra nhit ca 2

GVHD: Chu Th Bch Phng

33

SVTH: Nguyn Th Bch Thy

Trng H K Thut Cng Ngh TPHCM


Khoa Cng Ngh Thc phm

Tn s c

Bo co thc tp tt nghip
vtt: Cng Ty TNHH Vina Min t Ngt

Cch khc phc

Nguyn nhn
hm.

+ Kim tra gia thanh h v


vai ng nh dng ti thiu
l 5 mm.
+ Kim tra v iu chnh
nhit cho ph hp.
+ Kim ta tra p sut gi
nn.

- Dn dc khng tt

- Li dao khng ct

+ Kim tra ddao v li dao


c sch v c dnh sn phm
hay khng.
+ Kim tra dao c hng hay
khng.
+ Kim tra thanh y li
dao ct.

- Bao b dnh vo hm dn

- Mng khng ko trn phng

+ Kim tra b phn p bao


b c b mn hay khng.

+ Kim tra nhit hm dn


v thi gian dn cho ph
hp tng loi bao b
+ Kim tra cp dy ai ko
bao b c sch hay khng
+ Kim tra p lc cp dy
ai ko bao b. Kim tra
nhit dn dc v thi
gian dn.

GVHD: Chu Th Bch Phng

34

SVTH: Nguyn Th Bch Thy

Trng H K Thut Cng Ngh TPHCM


Khoa Cng Ngh Thc phm

Bo co thc tp tt nghip
vtt: Cng Ty TNHH Vina Min t Ngt

Chng IV:
MT S SN PHM CA CNG TY
IV.1. Cc sn phm chnh, ph v ph phm
Cc sn phm chnh: ko cng, ko mm v bnh cookies.
Cc sn phm ph: bnh biscuit, ko do.
Sn phm ph phm: ko hi, ko non, ko u ui, ko gi, ko chy, ko
b chy, ko b li do my ng ti
IV.2. Phng php kim tra sn phm
nh gi cht lng ko bng phng php cm quan
IV.2.1. Phng php kim tra sn phm ko cng
Bng 16: Ch tiu cm quan
Ch tiu cm quan
Mu sc
Hnh dng bn ngoi
Mi v
T l nhn

Yu cu
C mu sc c trng theo tn go.
Vin ko c hoa vn r, hnh dng nguyn vn
Mi v c trng theo tn gi tng loi ko, khng
c mi v l.
T l nhn va p mt, khng c x nhn.
Bng 17: Ch tiu vi sinh

Ch tiu vi sinh
Tng s vi khun hiu kh (vi khun/ g)
Coliforms ( vi khun/ g)
Eschirichia Coli
Staphylococcus aureus
Clostridium perfringens
Salmonella
Tng s bo t nm men, nm mc (bo t/ g)
Cht ngt tng hp (saccarine, sorbitol)

GVHD: Chu Th Bch Phng

35

Yu cu
1000
10
Khng c
Khng c
Khng c
Khng c
100
Khng c

SVTH: Nguyn Th Bch Thy

Trng H K Thut Cng Ngh TPHCM


Khoa Cng Ngh Thc phm

Bo co thc tp tt nghip
vtt: Cng Ty TNHH Vina Min t Ngt

Bng 18: Ch tiu ha l


ng
kh
(Glucose
%)

Tn ko

m
(%)

ng tng
(saccharose)

Ko me, to, cng


xp

Tro
(khng
tan trong
HCl
10%) %

0,81,2

Ko Da gang
Ko bc h, gng,
me gng

acid
(acid
citric
%)

2227
2025

1.5
1.5

6575
65-75

0,1
0,1

11,4
0,2

IV.2.2. Phng php kim tra sn phm ko mm


Bng 19: Ch tiu cm quan
Tn ch tiu
1. Mu sc
2. Mi v

Yu cu
Mu sc ng u thch hp vi tn ko
Mi v c trng theo tn gi tng loi ko, ko khng c mi l
Bng 20: Ch tiu vi sinh

Tn ch tiu
Tng s vi khun hiu kh (vi khun/ g)
Coliforms ( vi khun/ g)
Eschirichia Coli
Staphylococcus aureus
Clostridium perfringens
Salmonella
Tng s bo t nm men, nm mc (bo t/ g)
Cht ngt tng hp (saccarine, sorbitol)

Yu cu
1000
10
Khng c
Khng c
Khng c
Khng c
100
Khng c

Bng 21: Ch tiu ha l


Tn ko
Chocolate bc h,
cc loi ko sa,
chocolate sa, c
ph sa
Ko cam, du, i,
vi, ko sa tri
cy hn hp, ko
chui, da gang

ng kh
(Glucose%)

1322

GVHD: Chu Th Bch Phng

m
(%)

ng tng
(saccharose)

4,56,5

4670

47

4670

36

acid
(acid
citric %)
Ghi nhn
s liu
thc t

Tro (khng
tan trong
HCl 10%)%
0,1

0,6

0,1

SVTH: Nguyn Th Bch Thy

Trng H K Thut Cng Ngh TPHCM


Khoa Cng Ngh Thc phm

Bo co thc tp tt nghip
vtt: Cng Ty TNHH Vina Min t Ngt

Chng V:
KT LUN
Trong sut qu trnh tm hiu v hc tp ca em lun c s gip ca cn
b cng nhn vin v gio vin hng dn ht sc tn tnh gip v ch dn c
th hon thnh t thc tp ny. Nhm chng em chn thnh cm n s gip ca
mi ngi.
Qua thi gian thc tp ti cng ty nhm chng em hc hi c rt nhiu v
quy trnh sn xut, mi vic u c tin hnh rt hon chnh c c sn phm
tt nht c cht lng cao nht v m bo mi quy nh v an ton v sinh thc phm
cung cp cho th trng tiu dng. Cng ngh sn xut hin i, i ng cng nhn
lnh ngh v i ng kim nghim vin c kinh nghim c b tr cng vic hp l
kim tra cht lng sn phm. Tt c nhng iu kin cng nhm p ng chnh
sch cht lng ca cng ty ra. Chnh nhng iu ny gii thch c s ln mnh
khng ngng ca thng hiu BELL FOOD trn th trng tiu dng bnh ko.
Chng em ngh rng cng ty BELL FOOD s cn pht trin v m rng hn
na trong tng lai v cng ty lun ch trng n mi mt ca sn xut cng nh lun
tm cch nng cao cht lng sn phm lm ra. Cng ty cn quan tm n i ng
nhn s trong cng ty, lun o to tay ngh cho cng nhn v nng cao nghip v cho
cc cn b qun l cng ty lun i ng hng pht trin.
Thi gian 6 tun khng nhm chng em tm hiu ht mi cng vic trong
phn xng ko nhng n cng gip chng em rt ra c rt nhiu kinh nghim thc
t trong sn xut. Qua , nhm chng em tng hp kin thc mnh hc v b
sung nhng thc t sn xut v phn no nm c ni dung cng thc tp ca
gio vin ra. Tuy vy, trong qu trnh tm hiu khng trnh nhng sai st, thiu st
nn bi bo co thc tp ny c th c nhiu iu sai st. Mong c s thng cm,
gp ca cng ty, Gio vin v cc bn. Chn thnh cm n!

GVHD: Chu Th Bch Phng

37

SVTH: Nguyn Th Bch Thy

TI LIU THAM KHO


1. Qu Hai, 2004. Gio trnh Ha sinh i cng. Ti liu lu hnh ni b
Trng HKH Hu.
2. Hong Quc Tun, 2009. Bi ging Cng ngh sn xut bnh ko. i Hc Lc
Hng.
3. http://www.haihaco.com.vn
4. http://community.h2vn.com/index.php?topic=748.0
5. http://tailieu.vn/xem-tai-lieu/cong-nghe-san-xuat-duong-banh-keo.208517.html
6. L Ngc T (ch bin), L Vn Ch, ng Th Thu, Phm Quc Thng
Nguyn Th Thnh, Bi c Hi, Lu Dun, L Don Din, 2000. Ha sinh
Cng nghip. Nxb KH&KT, H Ni.
7. Trn Mnh Hng, 2000. Gio trnh cng ngh sn xut ng ma. NXB Nng
Nghip, H Ni.
8. Trng Th Minh Hnh, 2010. Gio trnh Cng ngh sn xut ng, bnh,
ko.
9. V Th Kim Hnh, L Vn Vit Mn, 2007. Bc u nghin cu thu phn
lin tc Saccharose bng enzyme invertase c nh trong gel alginate. Tp ch
Pht trin KH & CN, tp 10, s 11.

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