Chuong 4-ds11cb

CHNG IV: GII HN
TIT 49-52: GII HN CA DY S

Ngy son:
A/. Mc tiu: Thng qua ni dung bi hc, gip hc nm c:
1. Kin thc:
nh ngha gii hn hu hn ca dy s.
Mt s gii hn c bit ca dy s.
Mt s nh l v gii hn ca dy s v cng thc tnh tng ca CSN li v hn.
nh ngha gii hn ti v cc.
2. K nng:
Tm gii hn ca mt s dy s n gin.
Tm c tng ca mt cp s nhn li v hn.
3. Thi : Rn luyn tnh nghim tc khoa hc, tnh cn c, chu kh.
B/. Phng php dy hc: Gi m + Nu v gii quyt vn + Hot ng nhm
C/. Chun b:
1. GV: Gio n, cc v d mu.
2. HS: Sgk, chun b trc bi mi.
D/. Thit k bi dy:
TIT 49 Ngy dy:
I/. n nh lp: S s.......Vng:.......
II/. Kim tra bi c: (Xen vo bi mi)
III/. Ni dung bi mi:
1. t vn :
2. Trin khai bi:
HOT NG CA THY HOT NG CA TR
Hot ng 1: (nh ngha gii hn ca dy s)
HTP1: (Dy s c gii hn 0)
Gv: Cho dy ( )
n
u
vi
1
n
u
n
.
- Vit dy ( )
n
u
di dng khai trin v biu
din chng trn trc s?.
- Tnh khong cch t
1 2 3 100
, , , u u u u
n 0 v nu
nhn xt v cc khong cch ?.
- Bt u t s hng u
n
no ca dy s th
khong cch t u
n
n 0 ( )
n
u
nh hn 0,01;
0,001?
Gv: Nh vy,
n
u
nh bao nhiu cng c
min l chn n ln. Khi ta ni dy (u
n
) c
gii hn l 0 khi n dn ti dng v cc.
Gv: Vy, dy (u
n
) c gii hn l 0 khi n dn ti
dng v cc khi no?.
Gv hng dn hc sinh lm v d 1 Sgk.
(Lu : (u
n
) c th l dy khng n iu v c
I/. Gii hn hu hn ca dy s.
1. nh ngha:
V d1:
- Dng khai trin:
1 1 1 1
1, , , ,...., ,...
2 3 4 100
- Biu din trn trc s:
-Cc khong cch nh dn v 0.
- K t s hng u
101
, u
1001
.
nh ngha 1: (Sgk)
K hiu:
lim 0
n
n
u
+
hay
0
n
u
khi
n +

V d 2: (Sgk)
79
0
u
100
u4 u3 u2 u1
1/4
1/2
CHNG IV: GII HN
th dn v 0 t bn tri hoc bn phi hoc t
c hai pha).
HTP2: Dy s c gii hn a.
Gv cho hc sinh pht biu nh ngha 2 (Sgk)
Gv: Nu cch gii V d 2 trang 114 Sgk?.
Gv gi hc sinh ln bng thc hin.
HTP3: Mt vi dy s c gii hn c bit
Gv: yu cu hc sinh c mt vi gii hn c
bit Sgk
Ch :
lim
n
n
u a
+
ta c th vit tt
lim
n
u a
nh ngha 2:
( ) lim lim 0
n n
n n
v a v a
+ +

hay
n
u a
khi
n +
V d 3: Cho dy (v
n
) vi
2 1
n
n
v
n
+
. Chng
minh
lim 2
n
n
v
+
Ta c: ( )
2 1 1
lim 2 lim 2 lim 0
n
n n n
n
v
n n
+ + +
+ _

,
Vy,
lim 2
n
n
v
+
2. Mt vi gii hn c bit.
1 1
lim 0; lim 0,
k
n n
k N
n n

+

lim 0, 1
n
n
q q
<
lim , ( )
n
C C C Const
+

IV/. Cng c:
Em hy cho bit nhng ni dung chnh hc trong tit hc ny?.
Hy pht biu mt vi gii hn c bit.
Chia hc sinh thnh 4 nhm cng lm bi tp 1 trang 121 Sgk.
Nhm 1 trnh by cu a:
Nhn xt:
1 2 3
1 1 1
, ,
2 4 8
u u u
. D on:
1
2
n
n
u
(V nh chng minh)
Nhm 2 trnh by cu b:
1
lim lim 0
2
n
n
n n
u

Nhm 3, 4 trnh by cu c:Ta c:
6 9
1 1
10 10
g kg
.
9
9
1 1
2 10
2 10
n
n
< >
. Ly n = 36.
Vy sau chu k th 36 tc l 864.000 nm th khng cn c hi vi con ngi.
V/. Dn d:
Nm vng l thuyt.
Lm bi tp 2 trang 121 Sgk. Xem trc cc mc cn li.
TIT 50 Ngy dy:
I/. n nh lp: S s.......Vng:.......
II/. Kim tra bi c: Cho dy s (u
n
) vi
2
2
3 1
n
n
u
n
+
. Chng minh rng
lim 3
n
n
u
+

1. t vn :
2. Trin khai bi:
Hot ng 1: (Dn dt khi nim)
Gv t chc cho hc sinh c hiu ni dung nh
l 1 trang 114 Sgk
II/. nh l v gii hn hu hn
nh l 1:
Nu
lim ; lim
n n
u a v b
th:
80
CHNG IV: GII HN
Gv: Vn dng nh l tm gii hn ca cc
dy s.
Gv: Tm
2
2
3
lim ?
1
n n
n
+
Gi : Chia c t v mu cho n c s m cao
nht nhm p dng c cc gii hn c bit.
Gv: Tm
2
1 4
lim
1 2
n
n
+
Gv yu cu hc sinh ln bng thc hin.

Hot ng 2: (Dn dt khi nim)
Gv: Cho cp s nhn (u
n
) v (v
n
) vi
1
; 3
2
n
n n
n
u v
. Tm cng bi v tnh tng n s
hng u ca CSN .
Gv nhc li mt s kin thc v cp s nhn
hc sinh thc hin.
Gv: Cp s nhn (u
n
) gi l cp s nhn li v
hn cn cp s nhn (v
n
) th khng. T gv
nu nh ngha CSN li v hn.
Gv: Hy cho mt vi cp s nhn li v hn?.
Gv: Vn l liu c tm c tng ca mt
cp s nhn li v hn hay khng?.
Gv: Hy tnh tng n s hng u ca u
n
?.
Gv: Hy tm limS
n
?. Gii thch ti sao?.
Gv: Gii hn ny c gi l tng ca cp s
nhn li v hn v k hiu
1 2
... ...
n
S u u u + + + +
Gv: Tnh
1 1 1
... ...
3 9 3
n
S + + + +
Gv: tm c S ta cn tm u
1
v q. T
hy tnh S?.
( ) ( ) lim ; lim
n n n n
u v a b u v a b + +
( ) lim . ; lim ( 0)
n
n n
n
u a
u v a b b
v b

0
0
lim lim
n
n n
a
u n
u a u a

' '

V d 1:
2
2
2 2 2
1
1 1
lim 3
3 lim 3 lim
3
lim lim 3
1 1 1 1
1 lim lim1 lim 1
n n n
n n
n
n n n
_
,

+ _
+ + +

,
V d 2:
2
2
1
4
1 4 2
lim lim 1
1
1 2 2
2
n
n
n
n
+
+

III/. Tng ca cp s nhn li v hn

V d 3:
Vi (u
n
) ta c:
1
2
q
v
1 1
1
2 2
1
1
1
2
1
2
n
n
n
S
1
_
1

,
1
_ ]

,
Vi (v
n
) ta c:
3 q
v
( )
( )
3 1 3
3
1 3
1 3 2
n
n
n
S

Cp s nhn v hn (u
n
) vi cng bi
1 q <

c gi l cp s nhn li v hn.
Cho CSN li v hn (u
n
) vi cng bi q.
1 1 1
1 2 3
(1 )
...
1 1 1
n
n
n n
u q u u
S u u u u q
q q q
+ + + +

Suy ra:
1 1 1
lim lim
1 1 1
n
n
u u u
S q
q q q
_

,
Vy: ( )
1
1
1
u
S q
q
<
V d 4: Tnh tng
a) Xt dy:
1 1 1 1
, , ,..., ,...
3 9 27 3
n
l mt CSN li v
hn vi
1
1 1
&
3 3
u q
. Vy:
81
CHNG IV: GII HN
Gv: Tnh
1
1 1 1 1
1 ... ...
2 4 8 2
n
S

_
+ + + +

,
- Xt cc s hng ca dy c phi l CSN li v
hn khng. Nu phi th tm u
1
v q sau p
dng cng thc tnh.
- Hc sinh thc hin.
1
1 1 1 1
3
... ...
1
3 9 2 3
1
3
n
S + + + +
b) Xt dy:
1
1 1 1 1
1, , , ,... ,...
2 4 8 2
n
_

,
l mt cp
s nhn li v hn vi
1
1
& 1
2
q u
. Vy:
1
1 1 1 1 1 2
1 ... ...
1 2 4 8 2 3
1
2
n
S

_
+ + + +

_ ,

,
IV/. Cng c:
Hy nu cc nh l v gii hn?.
Nu cng thc tnh tng ca mt cp s nhn li v hn.
Bi tp trc nghim: (Hc sinh lm theo nhm)
Tng ca cp s nhn li v hn
( ) 1
1 1 1
, , ,..., ,...
4 16 64 4
n
n

bng:
A.
1
5
B.
1
3
C.
1
5
D.
5
16
V/. Dn d:
Nm vng cc nh l v gii hn hu hn v cng thc tnh tng ca cp s nhn li v hn.
Bi tp v nh: 3,4,5,6,7 trang 121 v 122 Sgk.
Tham kho trc mc IV cn li.
TIT 51-52 Ngy dy:
I/. n nh lp: S s.......Vng:.......
II/. Kim tra bi c: Tnh:
2
2
6 1 3 2 1
) lim ; ) lim
3 2 4
n n n
a b
n n
+
+
1. t vn :
2. Trin khai bi:
Hot ng 1: (Hnh thnh khi nim gii hn
v cc)
Gv: Cho dy s vi
2
n
u n
.
- Nu nhn xt v gi tr ca u
n
khi n tng ln
v hn?.
- Vi n nh th no th u
n
> 10.000?.
Gv: Ngha l u
n
c th ln hn mt s dg bt
k k t mt s hng no tr i. Lc ta
IV/. Gii hn v cc
1. nh ngha:
V d 1: Cho dy s vi
2
n
u n
.
- Gi tr ca u
n
cng ln khi n tng ln v hn.
- Ta c:
2
10000 10000 100
n
u n n > > >
82
CHNG IV: GII HN
ni, dy (u
n
) dn ti dng v cc khi
n +
Gv: Hy nu nh ngha gii hn v cc?.
Gv: ( ) lim lim ?
n n
u u +
Gv nu ch v mt s gii hn c bit
Hot ng 2: (gii thi nh l 2)
Gv: Yu cu hc sinh c hiu nh l 2 Sgk.
Gv kim tra s c hiu ca hc sinh.
Gv: Tm
2 5
lim
.3
n
n
n
+
Gi : Chia c t v mu cho n.
Hc sinh ln bng thc hin.
Gv: Tm ( )
2
lim 2 1 n n
Gi : t n
2
lm nhn t chung. Sau p
dng nh l 2.
Ta ni dy s
( )
n
u
c gii hn
+
khi
n +
nu u
n
c th ln hn mt s dng bt
k k t mt s hng no tr i.
K hiu:
lim
n
n
u
+
+
hay
n
u +
khi
n +
Dy s
( )
n
u
c gii hn
khi
n +
nu
( ) lim
n
n
u
+
+
K hiu:
lim
n
n
u
+

hay
n
u
khi
n +
Ch :
lim ,
k
n k N
lim 1
n
q khiq + >
2. nh l 2:
lim ; lim lim 0

n
n n
n
u
u a v
v
t
lim 0; lim 0, 0 lim

n
n n n
n
u
u a v v n
v
> > +
( ) lim ; lim 0 lim .

n n n n
u v a u v + > +
V d 2: Ta c:
5
5
lim 2
2
2 5
lim lim 0
.3 3 lim3
n n n
n n
n
n
_
+
+

+
,

V d 3: Ta c:
( )
2 2 2
2 2
2 1 2 1
l i m 2 1 l i m 1 l i m . l i m 1 n n n n
n n n n
_ _
+

, ,
IV/. Cng c:
nh ngha gii hn v cc.
nh l 2.
V/. Dn d:
Hc k cc khi nim, nh l v gii hn ca dy s.
Hon thnh cc bi tp trang 121 - 122 Sgk. Tit sau luyn tp.
TIT 52: LUYN TP
Ngy son: Ngy dy
A/. Mc tiu: Thng qua ni dung bi hc, gip hc cng c v rn luyn:
1. Kin thc:
nh ngha gii hn hu hn ca dy s.
Mt s gii hn c bit ca dy s.
Mt s nh l v gii hn ca dy s v cng thc tnh tng ca CSN li v hn.
83
CHNG IV: GII HN
nh ngha gii hn ti v cc.
2. K nng:
Tm gii hn ca dy s.
Tm c tng ca mt cp s nhn li v hn.
B/. Phng php dy hc: Gi m + Nu v gii quyt vn
C/. Chun b:
1. GV: Gio n, bi tp Sgk
2. HS: Sgk, Bi tp Sgk.
D/. Thit k bi dy:
I/. n nh lp: S s.......Vng:.......
1. t vn :
2. Trin khai bi:
Hot ng 1: (Cng c kin thc v gii hn
ca dy s)
Gv:
3
1
lim 0
n

nn theo nh ngha 1 ta c
3
1
n
nh th no?.
Gv: Mt khc
3 3
1 1
1
n
u n
n n
<
nn em c
kt lun g?. V sao?. C ngha l g?.
Gv: Lm bi tp 3 trang 121.
Gi : Ap dng cc nh l v gii hn.
Gv gi 2 hc sinh ln bng thc hin.
C lp cng lm v nhn xt kt qu
Gv: Lm bi tp 4 trang 122 Sgk.
Gv cho hc sinh tm u
1
; u
2
; u
3
;...;u
n
.
Gv: Dy s u
1
; u
2
; u
3
;...;u
n
; ... c phi l mt cp
s nhn li v hn khng?. V sao?. Nu phi
hy ch ra u
1
v q=?.
Gv: Hy tm tng trn?.
Gv: Tnh
2 1
1 1 ( 1)
1 ... ...
10 10 10
n
n
S

+ + + +
LM BI TP
Bi 1:
V
3
1
lim 0
n

nn
3
1
n
c th nh hn mt s
dng b tu , k t mt s hng no tr i.
Mt khc:
3 3
1 1
1
n
u n
n n
<
.
Suy ra:
1
n
u
c th nh hn mt s dng tu
k t mt s hng no tr i, ngha l
( ) lim 1 0 lim 1
n n
u u
Bi 2: Tm gii hn
a)
3 3
5 lim lim5
3 5.4 4 4
lim lim 5
4 2
1 1
1 lim1 lim
2 2
n n
n n
n n n n
_ _
+ +

+
, ,

+
_ _
+ +

, ,
b)
2
2
1 1
9
9 1 3
lim lim
2
4 2 4
4
n n
n n
n
n
+
+

Bi 3: a)
1 2 3
1 1 1 1
; ; ,...,
4 16 64 4
n
n
u u u u
b) Xt dy: u
1
; u
2
; u
3
;...;u
n
; ... l mt cp s nhn
li v hn vi
1
1
4
u
v
1
4
q
. Vy:
84
CHNG IV: GII HN
Gv: Cho a=1,02020202...Hy vit a di dng
phn s?.
Gi :
1, 0202020202. .. 1 0, 02 0, 0002 0, 000002 ... + + + +
2
2 2 2
1 ... ...
100 100 100
n
+ + + + +
Xt dy:
2
2 2 2
, ,..., ,...
100 100 100
n
l mt CSN li
v hn do ta tnh c S.
Gv: Lm bi tp 7 Sgk.
Gi : Ap dng gii hn v cc.
Gv gi 4 hc sinh ln bng thc hin.
Ch :
1
lim 0,
k
k N
n

Bit
lim 3; lim
n n
u v +
1
1
1
4
lim
1
1 3
1
4
n
u
S
q

Bi 4:
2 1
1 1 ( 1) 1 10
1 ... ...
1
10 11 10 10
1
10
n
n
S

+ + + +
+
Bi 5: Ta c:
2
2 2 2
1, 02020202... 1 ... ..
100 100 100
n
a + + + + +

2
2 101
100
1 1
1
99 99
1
100
+ +
Bi 6: Tnh cc gii hn:

a) ( )
3 2 3
2 3
2 1 1
lim 2 1 lim 1 n n n n
n n n
_
+ + + + +

,
b) ( )
2 2
2
5 2
lim 5 2 lim 1 n n n
n n
_
+ +

,
c)
( )
2
2
1 1
lim lim lim
2
1
1 1
n
n n n
n n n
n

+
+
d)
( )
2
lim n n n + +
Bi 7:
a)
( ) 3lim lim1 3 1 9 1
lim 2
1 lim lim1 3 1
n n
n n
u u
u u

+ + +
b)
2
2
lim 0
1
n
n
v
v
+
IV/. Cng c:
Cc nh l v gii hn. Cng thc tnh tng ca cp s nhn li v hn.
nh ngha dy s c gii hn 0, c gii hn a. Gii hn v cc.
Ch :
+ + +
. Cn
( ) + +
khng xc nh.
V/. Dn d:
Hc thuc cc nh l, nh ngha v gii hn ca dy s.
Xem li tt c cc bi tp c hng dn.
Tham kho trc bi mi: GII HN CA HM S.
TIT 53-57: GII HN CA HM S
Ngy son:
A/. Mc tiu: Thng qua ni dung bi hc, gip hc sinh nm c:
1. Kin thc:
nh ngha gii hn ca hm s ti mt im.
85
CHNG IV: GII HN
nh l v gii hn hu hn. nh ngha gii hn mt bn.
nh ngha gii hn hu hn ca hm s ti v cc.
nh ngha gii hn v cc ca hm s v mt vi quy tc v gii hn v cc.
2. K nng:
Tm gii hn ca hm s ti mt im v ti v cc.
Tm gii hn mt bn.
C/. Chun b:
D/. Thit k bi dy:
TIT 53 Ngy dy:
I/. n nh lp: S s.......Vng:.......
1. t vn :
2. Trin khai bi:
Hot ng 1: (Gii hn ca hm s ti 1 im)
Gv t vn v gii hn hu hn bng cch
xt bi ton nh trong sch gio khoa.
Gv: Cmr ( )
2 2
2
n n
n
f x x
n
+

Ch :
1 1
n n
x x
Gv: Tm ( ) lim ?
n
f x
Gv: Cmr ( ) ( ) lim 1 1
n n n
f x x x
Gv: Ta thy vi mi dy s (x
n
) bt k sao cho
1
n
x
th f(x
n
) 2 . Ta ni hm s f(x) c gii
hn l 2 khi x dn ti 1. T gv cho hc sinh
pht biu nh ngha 1 Sgk.
Gv: Khong K c th l: ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ; , ; , ; , ; a b b a + +
Gv hng dn hc sinh lm VD1 trang 124 Sgk
Gv: Theo yu cu ca bi ton ta cn Cm iu
g?. V sao?.
Gi : S dng nh ngha 1 chng minh.
Ch : ( )
2
4
2
n
n
n
x
f x
x

+
. Hm s khng xc nh
ti im x
0
nhng li c gii hn ti x
0
.
Gv vin gi mt hc sinh gii nu nhn xt.
Hot ng 2: (nh l v gii hn hu hn)
1. Gii hn hu hn ca hm s ti 1 im.
1.1. nh ngha:
Xt hm s: ( )
2
2 2
1
x x
f x
x

.
a) Ta c: ( ) ( )
2
2 2 2 2
2 1
1
n n
n n n
n
x x n
f x x x
x n
+

(pcm)
b) ( )
2 2 2
lim lim lim 2 2
n
n
f x
n n
+ _
+

,
c) Ta c: ( ) ( )
2
2 2
lim lim li m 2 2 1
1
n n
n n n
n
x x
f x x x
x

nh ngha 1:
( ) ( ) { } ( )
0
0 0
lim \ : lim lim
n n n
x x
f x L x K x x x f x L

V d 1:
Gi s (x
n
) l dy s bt k tho mn
2; 2
n n
x x
khi
n +
. Ta c:
( ) ( )
2
4
lim lim lim 2 4
2
n
n n
n
x
f x x
x

+
Vy,
2
2
4
lim 4
2
x
x
x

+
Nhn xt:
0 0
0
lim ; lim
x x x x
C C x x

86
CHNG IV: GII HN
Gv cho hc sinh c hiu cc nh l v gii
hn hu hn nh l 1 Sgk trang 125.
Gv: Tnh
2
3
1
lim ?
2
x
x
x

Gv gi hc sinh ln bng thc hin v c lp
nhn xt.
Gv: Tm
2
1
2
lim ?
1
x
x x
x
Gv: Ta p dng nh l 1 ngay c c khng?.

V sao?. Vy phi lm g p dng c?.
(Rt gn trc khi p dng nh l 1)
Gv: Tm
2
3
1
lim
1
x
x
x
+
?
Gv: Ap dng c nh l 1 ngay. V sao?.
1.2. nh l v gii hn hu hn
nh l 1: (Sgk)
V d 2:
( )
( )
2 2
2
3 3 3
3
3 3
3
lim 1 lim lim1
1
lim
2 lim2.lim lim 2
x x x
x
x x
x
x x
x
x x x

+ +
+

3 3 3
3 3
lim .lim lim1
3.3 1 5
lim2. lim 2. 3 3
x x x
x x
x x
x

+
+

V d 3: Ta c:

( ) ( )
( )
2
1 1 1
1 2
2
lim lim lim 2 3
1 1
x x x
x x
x x
x
x x

+
+
+

V d 4:
( )
( )
2 2
2
3 3 3
3
3 3 3
lim 1 lim lim 1
1 9 1
lim 4
1 lim 1 lim lim 1 3 1
x x x
x
x x x
x x
x
x x x

+ + + +
IV/. Cng c:
nh ngha gii hn ca hm s ti mt im v k hiu.
nh l v gii hn hu hn ca hm s.
Ap dng: Dng nh ngha, hy tm
4
1
lim
3 2
x
x
x
Gi s (x
n
) l mt dy s bt k sao cho
4, 4
n n
x x
. Ta c:
( )
1 1
lim 1 1
1 1
lim lim lim
2
3 2 3
2
3
lim 3
n n n
n
n
n
n
x x x
f x
x
x
x
_
+ +

+
,

_

,
. Vy,
4
1 1
lim
3 2 3
x
x
x
V/. Dn d:
Nm vng nh ngha gii hn ca hm s ti mt im v cc nh l v gii hn cu hm s
Bi tp v nh: Bi 2, Bi 3(a,b,c) trang 132 Sgk. Xem trc cc phn cn li.
TIT 54 Ngy dy:
I/. n nh lp: S s.......Vng:.......
II/. Kim tra bi c: Tm
2
2
4
lim
2
x
x
x
+
1. t vn : Trong nh ngha 1 v gii hn ca hm s khi
0
x x
, ta xt dy s (x
n
) bt k,
( ) { }
0 0
; \ ,
n n
x a b x x x
. Gi tr x
n
ny c th ln hn hay nh hn x
0
. Nu ta xt dy (x
n
) m
x
n
>x
0
hoc x
n
<x
0
th ta c nh ngha gii hn mt bn.
2. Trin khai bi:
Hot ng 1: (Gii hn mt bn)
T vic t vn GV nu nh ngha gii hn
1.3. Gii hn mt bn
nh ngha 2:
87
CHNG IV: GII HN
mt bn ca hm s.
Gv: T nh ngha ta tha nhn nh l sau:
Gv yu cu hc sinh lm v d 4 trang 127 Sgk
Gv: Tm
( ) ( )
1 1
lim ?; lim ?
x x
f x f x
+

Ch : 1 ( 1); 1 ( 1) x x x x
+
< >
Gv: C tn ti hay khng
( )
1
lim
x
f x
?. V sao?.
Hot ng 2: (Gii hn ca hm s ti v cc)
Gv t vn nh H3 Sgk. T nu nh
ngha gii hn ca hm s ti v cc ngha l
khi
x t
.
Gv yu cu hc sinh c hiu v d 5 trang 128
Gv nu ch Sgk trang 129 Sgk
Gv: Tm
2
2
3 2
lim
1
x
x x
x
+
+
Gv yu cu hs p dng nh l 1 tm gii hn
ca hm s trn.
Cho hm s y = f(x) xc nh trn (x
0
; b).
( ) ( ) ( )
0
0 0
lim , : lim
n n n n
x x
f x L x x x b x x f x L
+
< <
Cho hm s y = f(x) xc nh trn (a; x
0
).
( ) ( ) ( )
0
0 0
li m , : li m
n n n n
x x
f x L x a x x x x f x L
< <
nh l:
( ) ( ) ( )
0 0 0
lim lim lim
x x x x x x
f x L f x f x L
+

V d 1: Ta c:
( ) ( )
2
1 1
lim lim 3 2
x x
f x x

( ) ( )
1 1
lim lim 5 2 7
x x
f x x
+ +

+
Ta thy:
( ) ( )
1 1
lim lim
x x
f x f x
+

( )
1
lim
x
f x
2. Gii hn hu hn ca hm s ti v cc
nh ngha 3:
Cho hm s y = f(x) xc nh trn
( ) ; a +
Ta ni y= f(x) c gii hn l L khi
x +
nu
vi dy s (x
n
) bt k, x
n
> a v
n
x +
ta c
( )
n
f x L
. K hiu:
( ) lim
x
f x L
+
.
Cho hm s y = f(x) xc nh trn
( ) ; a
Ta ni y= f(x) c gii hn l L khi
x
nu
vi dy s (x
n
) bt k, x
n
< a v
n
x
ta c
( )
n
f x L
. K hiu:
( ) lim
x
f x L
.
V d 2: (Sgk)
Ch :
( )
lim ; lim 0 ,
k
x x
C
C C C const k N
x

t t

nh l 1 trang 125 vn cn ng khi
x t
V d 3:
2
2
2
2
3
3 2
lim lim 3
1
1
1
x x
x x
x
x
x
+ +

+
+
IV/. Cng c: Thng qua ni dung tit dy cc em cn nm:
nh ngha gii hn mt bn v nh ngha gii hn hu hn ca hm s ti v cc
Cc nh l v gii hn hu hn ca hm s khi 0
x x
V/. Dn d:
Lm bi tp 3(d,e,f); Bi 4, 5 trang 132, 133 Sgk.
Tham kho trc mc III cn li.
88
CHNG IV: GII HN
TIT 55 Ngy dy:
I/. n nh lp: S s.......Vng:.......
II/. Kim tra bi c: Pht biu nh ngha gii hn mt bn. Ap dng: Tm
( 2) ( 2)
2 4 2 4
lim ; lim
2 2
x x
x x
x x
+

+ +
1. t vn :
2. Trin khai bi:
Hot ng 1: (Khi nim gii hn v cc)
Gv: Tng t nh ngha 1, 2, 3 hy nu nh
ngha gii hn v cc ca hm s y = f(x) khi x
dn ti dng v cc?.
Gv:
lim ( ) lim( ( )) ?
x x
f x f x
+ +
+
Gv nu mt vi gii hn c bit v cho hc
sinh nhn xt s ng n ca cc gii hn .
Gv: Cho
( )
0 0
lim ( ) 0; lim ( )
x x x x
f x L g x

+
Gv cho hc sinh tm gii hn
0
lim ( ). ( )
x x
f x g x
Gv t vn v cho hc sinh tm gii hn ca

thng
( )
( )
f x
g x
.
Ch : Cc quy tc trn vn cn ng khi
0 0
, ; ; x x x x x x
+
+
Gv cho hc sinh p dng.
Gv: Tm
( )
3
lim 2 ?
x
x x

Gv: Tm
1 1
2 3 2 3
lim ?; lim ?
1 1
x x
x x
x x
+

Gv: Tm
2
2 3 5
lim ?
2
x
x x
x
+
+
+
3. Gii hn v cc ca hm s
3.1. Gii hn v cc:
Cho hm s y = f(x) xc nh trn khong ( ) ; a +
( ) ( ) l i m ( ) , : l i m l i m
n n n n
x n n
f x x x a x f x
+ + +
+ > + +
( ) ( ) l i m ( ) , : l i m l i m
n n n n
x n n
f x x x a x f x
+ + +
> +
Nhn xt:
lim ( ) lim( ( ))
x x
f x f x
+ +
+
3.2. Mt vi gii hn c bit:
lim ,
k
x
x k N
+
+
lim , 2 1
k
x
x k n
lim , 2
k
x
x k n
+
3.3. Mt vi quy tc v gii hn v cc.
a) Gii hn ca tch
( ). ( ) f x g x
0
lim ( )
x x
f x
0
lim ( )
x x
g x
0
lim ( ). ( )
x x
f x g x
L>0
+ +

L<0
+
+
b) Gii hn ca thng
( )
( )
f x
g x
0
lim ( )
x x
f x
0
lim ( )
x x
g x
Du g(x)
0
( )
lim
( )
x x
f x
g x
L
t
Tu 0
L>0
0
+
+
-

L<0
+

-
+
V d : Tm gii hn
a) ( )
3 3
2
2
lim 2 lim 1
x x
x x x
x

_

,
b)
1 1
2 3 2 3
lim ; lim
1 1
x x
x x
x x
+

+

89
CHNG IV: GII HN
c)
2
2
2
3 5
2
2 3 5
lim lim
2 1
2
x x
x x
x x
x
x x
+ +
+
+
+
+
+
IV/. Cng c:
Gii hn hu hn ca hm s ti mt im.
Khi nim gii hn mt bn.
Khi nim gii hn hu hn ca hm s ti v cc.
Khi nim gii hn v cc ca hm s v quy tc tm gii hn ca mt thng, mt tch.
Ap dng: Lm bi tp trc nghim:
Cu 1:
1
3 1
lim
1
x
x
x
bng:
a) -1 b)
c) -3 d)
+
Cu 2:
2
1
lim
x
x
x
bng:
a)
+
b) 1 c)
D) -1
V/. Dn d:
Nm vng cc nh ngha cc nh l tm gii hn ca hm s.
Bi tp v nh: Trang 132, 133 Sgk. Tit sau luyn tp v lm bi kim tra 15 pht.
TIT 56: LUYN TP
Ngy son: Ngy dy:
A/. Mc tiu: Thng qua ni dung lm bi tp, gip hc sinh cng c v rn luyn:
1. Kin thc:
nh ngha gii hn ca hm s ti mt im.
nh l v gii hn hu hn. nh ngha gii hn mt bn.
nh ngha gii hn hu hn ca hm s ti v cc.
nh ngha gii hn v cc ca hm s v mt vi quy tc v gii hn v cc.
2. K nng:
Vn dng c l thuyt v gii hn tm gii hn ca hm s.
C/. Chun b:
1. GV: Gio n, cc bi tp sch gio khoa
2. HS: Sgk, chun b trc bi tp nh.
D/. Thit k bi dy:
I/. n nh lp: S s.......Vng:.......
II/. Kim tra bi c: (Lm bi kim tra 15 pht )
1. t vn :
2. Trin khai bi:
Hot ng 1: (Cng c cc khi nim v gii
hn ca hm s)
Lm bi tp
90
CHNG IV: GII HN
- Hy tm limu
n
v limv
n
?.
- Hy tm ( ) ( ) lim ; lim ?
n n
f u f v
Gv: T (1) v (3) em c kt lun g?. Ti sao?
T (2) v (4) em c kt lun g?. Ti sao?.
Gv: T em c kt lun g v gii hn ca
hm s khi x dn ti 0?.
Gv: Tm
2
3
1
lim ?
1
x
x
x
+
Ch : Ta c th p dng c nh l v khi x
dn ti -3 th c t v mu dn v s khc 0
Gv: Tm
2
2
4
lim ?
2
x
x
x
+
Ch : Khi 2 x th c t v mu u dn
ti 0 do ta khng p dng c nh l m
phi rt gn trc khi p dng nh l.
Gv: Tm
6
3 3
lim
6
x
x
x
Gi : Nhn vi c t v mu vi 3 3 x + +
Gv: Tm
2 6
lim ?
4
x
x
x
+
Gv: Tm
2
2 1
lim ?
3
x
x x
x
+
+
+
Nhn xt: T dn v -2 < 0, Mu dn v 0 m
du ca 3 + x >0.
Gv: Tm
( )
2
2
3 5
lim ?
2
x
x
x
Ap dng quy tc tm gii hn.

Gv: Tm
( )
4 2
lim 1 ?
x
x x x
+
+
Gv: Tm
( )
3 2
lim 2 3 5 ?
x
x x

+
Gv: Tm
2
lim 2 5 ?
x
x x
+
Ch :
2
; 0
; 0
x x
x x
x x

<
Gv: Tm
2
1
lim ?
5 2
x
x x
x
+
+ +
Bi 1: Ta c:
( ) ( )
1 1
lim lim 0 1 ; lim lim 0 2
n n
u v
n n
_

,
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 2
lim lim 1 1 3 ; lim lim 0 4
n n
f u f v
n n
_
_
+

,
,
T (1) v (3) suy ra:
( )
0
lim 1
x
f x
+
T (2) v (4) suy ra:

( )
0
lim 0
x
f x
Do
( ) ( )
0 0
lim lim
x x
f x f x
+

nn hm s khng c
gii hn khi x dn v 0.
Bi 2:
a)
( )
( )
2
2
3
3
3
lim 1
1
lim 4
1 lim 1
x
x
x
x
x
x x

+ +
b) ( )
2
2 2
4
lim lim 2 4
2
x x
x
x
x

+
c)
( )
( )
6 6 6
3 3 6 1 1
lim li m lim
6 6
3 3
6 3 3
x x x
x x
x
x
x x

+

+ +
+ +
d)
6
2
2 6
lim lim 2
4
4
1
x x
x
x
x
x
+ +
e)
2
2
2
1 1
2
2 1
lim lim
3 1
3
x x
x x
x x
x
x x
+ +
+
+

+
+
Bi 3: Tm gii hn
a)
( )
2
2
3 5
lim
2
x
x
x
b) ( )
4 2 4
2 3 4
1 1 1
lim 1 lim 1
x x
x x x x
x x x
+ +
_
+ + +

,
c) ( )
3 2 3
3
3 5
lim 2 3 5 lim 2
x x
x x x
x x

_
+ + +

,
d)
2 2
2 2
2 5 2 5
li m 2 5 li m 1 li m 1
x x x
x x x x
x x x x

_
+ + +

,
( )
2
2 5
lim lim 1
x x
x
x x

+ +
91
CHNG IV: GII HN
Gv: Tm
1
2 7
lim ?
1
x
x
x
1
2 7
lim ?
1
x
x
x
+
Ch : 1 1 1 0 x x x
< <
1 1 1 0 x x x
+
> >
e)
2
2
1
1
1
lim lim
5 2 5 2
x x
x x
x x
x
x x
+ +
+ +
+ +

2
1
1 1
lim 1
5
2
x
x
x
+
+ +

f)
1
2 7
lim
1
x
x
x
g)
1
2 7
lim
1
x
x
x
+
IV/. Cng c: Qua ni dung lm bi tp cc em cn nh:

Cc nh l v gii hn ca hm s v mt s quy tc tm gii hn ca mt tch, thng
cc hm s.
Cch tm gii hn hm s ti v cc v ti mt im.
Cch tm gii hn ca hm s c cha du cn bc hai, cn bc ba.
V/. Dn d:
T nghin cu li cc bi tp c hng dn.
Lm bi tp v nh: Bi 7 trang 133. Tham kho trc ni dung bi: Hm s lin tc.
Bi 1: Cho hm s
2
2
2
; 1
( ) 1
1; 1
x x
x
f x x
x x x
+
>

'
+ + <
. Tnh
( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 1
lim ; lim ; lim
x x x
f x f x f x
+

Bi 2: Tnh:
( )
3
2
0
1 1
/ . lim 4 ; / .lim
3
x x
x
a x x x b
x
+

TIT 58-59: HM S LIN TC
Ngy son:
A/. Mc tiu: Thng qua ni dung bi hc, gip hc sinh nm c:
1. Kin thc:
nh ngha hm s lin tc ti, gin on ti mt im x
0
.
nh ngha hm s lin tc trn mt khong, trn mt on.
Phng php chng minh s tn ti nghim ca phng trnh.
2. K nng:
Xt tnh lin tc hoc gin on ca hm s ti mt im.
Xt tnh lin tc ca hm s trn mt khong.
Chng minh s tn ti nghim ca phng trnh.
C/. Chun b:
92
CHNG IV: GII HN
D/. Thit k bi dy:
TIT 57 Ngy dy:
I/. n nh lp: S s.......Vng:.......
1. t vn :
2. Trin khai bi:
Hot ng 1: (Khi nim hm s lin tc ti
mt im)
Gv cho hc sinh quan st th ca hm s
( )
2
f x x
v ( )
2
2
2; 1
2; 1 1
2; 1
x x
g x x
x x
+
< <
'
Gv: Tnh gi tr ca mi hm s ti x = 1 v so
snh vi gii hn (nu c) ca hm s khi
1 x ?.
Gv: Lc ta ni hm s y = f(x) lin tc ti
im x =1, cn hm s y = g(x) khng lin tc
ti im x = 1. T gio vin cho hc sinh
nm nh ngha Sgk.
Gv: Xt tnh lin tc ca hm s ( )
2
x
f x
x

ti x
0
= 3.
Hot ng 2: (Khi nim hm s lin tc trn
mt khong).
Gv cho hc sinh nu nh ngha nh ssk.
Gv: Em c nhn xt g v th ca mt hm
s lin tc v khng lin tc trn mt khong?
1. Hm s lin tc ti mt im
Ta thy:
( )
1
lim (1)
x
f x f
cn
( )
1
lim
x
g x
khng tn ti.
th ca hm s f(x) l mt ng lin nt;
th hm g(x) t on ti im x =1.
nh ngha 1: Cho hm s y = f(x) xc nh
trn khong K v
0
x K
.
Hm s f(x) lin tc ti x
0
( ) ( )
0
0
lim
x x
f x f x

Nu hm s f(x) khng lin tc ti im x
0
th
c gi l gin on ti im .
V d: Hm s xc nh ti im x
0
= 3.
Ta c: ( )
3 3
lim lim 3 (3)
2
x x
x
f x f
x

Vy, hm s lin tc ti im x
0
= 3.
2. Hm s lin tc trn mt khong
2.1. nh ngha:
Hm s f(x) gi l lin tc trn mt
khong nu n lin tc ti mi im thuc
khong
Hm s f(x) gi l lin tc trn
[ ] ; a b
nu
n lin tc trn khong (a;b) v lin tc phi
ti im a, lin tc tri ti im b.
2.2. Nhn xt: (sgk)
IV/. Cng c:
nh ngha hm s lin tc ti mt im v lin tc trn mt khong.
th ca hm s lin tc.
Ap dng:
93
x
y
O
1
1
O
y
x
1
2
1 -1
CHNG IV: GII HN
1) Xt tnh lin tc ca hm s ( )
3
2 1 f x x x +
ti im x = 3.
Ta c:
( ) ( ) ( )
3
3 3
lim lim 2 1 32 3
x x
f x x x f

+
. Vy, hm s cho lin tc ti im x = 3.
V/. Dn d:
Nm vng khi nim lin tc ca hm s.
Bi tp v nh: 2, 3 trang 141 Sgk. Tham kho trc ni dung bi mi.
TIT 58 Ngy dy:
I/. n nh lp: S s.......Vng:.......
II/. Kim tra bi c: Nu nh ngha hm s lin tc ti mt im. Ap dng: Xt tnh lin tc ca
hm s f(x) = 2x
2
-3x + 4 ti im x = 2.
1. t vn :
2. Trin khai bi:
Hot ng 1: (Mt s nh l).
Gv cho hc sinh t nghin cu nh l 1,2 trang
137 Sgk.
Gv: Cho hm s ( )
2
2 2
; 1
1
5; 1
x x
x
f x
x
x

'
Hy xt tnh lin tc ca hm s trn TX?.

Gv: Hy xt tnh lin tc ca hm s vi 1 x ?
Gv: Hy xt tnh lin tc ca hm s vi x = 1?
Gv: Ta thy
( ) ( )
1
lim 1
x
f x f
. T , hy kt
lun v tnh lin tc ca hm s cho?.
Gv: Gi s, y = f(x) l hm s lin tc trn
[ ] ; a b
v f(a).f(b) < 0. Hi th ca hm s c
ct trc Ox ti t nht mt im thuc (a; b)
khng?.
Gv: Vy, nu y = f(x) l hm s lin tc trn
[ ] ; a b
v f(a).f(b) < 0 th phng trnh f(x) = 0
c tnh cht g?.
Gv: Cmr:
3
2 5 0 x x + c t nht mt nghim.
Gi : Tm hai s a, b sao cho f(a).f(b) < 0. Sau
xt tnh lin tc ca f(x) trn [ ] ; a b
3. Mt s nh l c bn
3.1. nh l 1: (Sgk)
3.2. nh l 2: (Sgk)
V d:
Vi
1 x
, ta c ( )
2
2 2
1
x x
f x
x

. Suy ra,
f(x) lin tc trn ( ) ( ) ;1 1; + U
.
Vi x = 1, ta c: f(1) = 5 v
( )
2
1 1 1
2 2
lim lim lim2 2
1
x x x
x x
f x x
x

V
( ) ( )
1
lim 1
x
f x f
nn f(x) khng lin tc ti

x=1. Vy, hm s lin tc trn ( ) ( ) ;1 1; + U

v gin on ti im x = 1.
3.3. nh l 3
[ ]
( )
( ) / ;
; : ( ) 0
( ). ( ) 0
f x lientuc a b
c a b f c
f a f b

;
<
Suy ra:
Nu y = f(x) l hm s lin tc
trn [ ] ; a b
v f(a).f(b) < 0 th phng trnh
f(x) = 0 c t nht mt nghim thuc khong
(a;b).
V d: t
3
( ) 2 5 f x x x +
Ta c: ( ) ( ) 0 5 0; 2 7 0 f f < >
Suy ra: ( ) ( ) 0 . 2 0 f f <
Mt khc: f(x) lin tc trn R nn lin tc trn
[ ] 0; 2
. Vy, phng trnh
3
2 5 0 x x + lun c
t nht mt nghim thuc khong (0; 2).
94
O
c
x
y
f(a)
f(b)
b
a
CHNG IV: GII HN
IV/. Cng c:
nh ngha hm s lin tc ti mt im, lin tc trn mt khong, on.
Mt s nh l c bn v hm s lin tc.
S dng tnh lin tc ca hm s chng minh s tn ti nghim ca phng trnh.
Ap dng: Chng minh rng phng trnh
4 2
4 2 3 0 x x x + c t nht hai nghim phn bit
thuc khong (-1;1).
Hng dn: t
4 2
( ) 4 2 3 f x x x x + . Ta c: f(-1)>0; f(0) < 0; f(1) > 0
V/. Dn d:
Nm vng cc khi nim lin quan n hm s lin tc.
Bi tp v nh: T bi 1 n bi 6 trang 141 Sgk. Tit sau luyn tp.
TIT 59: LUYN TP
Ngy son: Ngy dy:
A/. Mc tiu: Thng qua ni dung lm bi tp, gip hc sinh cng c:
1. Kin thc:
nh ngha hm s lin tc ti, gin on ti mt im x
0
.
nh ngha hm s lin tc trn mt khong, trn mt on.
Phng php chng minh s tn ti nghim ca phng trnh.
2. K nng:
Xt tnh lin tc hoc gin on ca hm s ti mt im.
Xt tnh lin tc ca hm s trn mt khong.
Chng minh s tn ti nghim ca phng trnh.
C/. Chun b:
1. GV: Gio n, bi tp 1 n 6 Sgk trang 141.
D/. Thit k bi dy:
I/. n nh lp: S s.......Vng:.......
II/. Kim tra bi c: Xt tnh lin tc ca hm s ( )
2
1
6
x
f x
x x
+
+
1. t vn :
2. Trin khai bi:
Hot ng 1: (Cng c cc kin thc v hm
s lin tc)
Gv: Xt tnh lin tc ca hm s
3
8
; 2
( )
2
5; 2
x
x
g x
x
x

'
ti im x = 2?.
Gi : s dng nh ngha hm s lin tc.
LM BI TP
Bi 1:
a) Ta c: ( ) ( )
3
2
2 2 2
8
lim lim lim 2 4 12
2
x x x
x
g x x x
x

+ +
mt khc: g(2) = 5.
Ta thy:
( )
2
lim (2)
x
g x g
. Suy ra, hm s g(x)

95
CHNG IV: GII HN
Gv: Vy, mun cho g(x) lin tc ti x = 2 th
thay s 5 bi s no?. V sao?.
Gv: Cho hm s ( )
2
3 2; 1
1; 1
x x
f x
x x
+ <
'

Hy v th ca hm s f(x)?.
Gv yu cu hc sinh ln bng thc hin
Gv: T th, hy nu nhn xt tnh lin tc
ca hm s trn tp xc nh ca n?.
Gv: Hy chng minh khng nh trn.
Gi : Tm
( )
( )
( )
( )
1
1 1
lim ; lim lim ( )
x
x x
f x f x f x
+
- Ta thy
( )
1
lim
x
f x
khng tn ti. Vy, ta c kt

lun g?. V sao?.
Gv: Nu hm s y =f(x) lin tc ti im x
0
cn
hm s y = g(x) khng lin tc ti im x
0
th
hm s y = f(x) + g(x) khng lin tc ti x
0
.
Khng nh trn ng hay sai?.
Hng dn: Chng minh bng phn chng.
Gv: Chng minh rng
3
2 6 1 0 x x + c t nht
hai nghim.
Hng dn: Tm hai khong sao cho tch cc
gi tr ca hm s ti cc im u mt ca n
nhn gi tr m.
Gv: Chng minh rng cosx = x c t nht 1
nghim.
Ch : cos1< 1.
khng lin tc ti im x = 2.
b) Thay s 5 bi s 12. V lc
( )
2
lim (2)
x
g x g
.
Bi 2:
a) V th:
Hm s lin tc trn khong ( ) ( ) ; 1 1; + U
b) Ta c:
( )
( ) ( )
( 1) 1
lim lim 3 2 5
x x
f x x

+
( )
( ) ( )
2
( 1) 1
lim lim 1 0
x x
f x x
+ +

Suy ra
( )
1
lim
x
f x
khng tn ti. Vy, hm s

khng lin tc ti im x = - 1.
Bi 3:
Gi s y = f(x) + g(x) lin tc ti im x
0
. t,
h(x) = f(x) + g(x)
( ) ( ) ( ) g x h x f x
. V h(x),
f(x) l hai hm s lin tc ti x
0
. Suy ra: g(x)
cng lin tc ti x
0
. Tri vi gi thit. Vy,
khng nh trn l ng.
Bi 4:
a) t
3
( ) 2 6 1 f x x x + . Ta c:
( 2) 3 0; (0) 1 0, (1) 3 0 f f f < > <
( 2). (0) 0; (0). (1) 0 f f f f < <
Mt khc: f(x) l hm s lin tc trn R nn lin
tc trn [ ] [ ] 2; 0 , 0;1
Vy, phng trnh f(x) = 0 c t nht hai nghim
thuc khong (-2; 0) v (0; 1).
b) t
( ) cos f x x x
. Ta c:
f(0) = 1 >0; f(1) =cos1 - 1 < 0
(0) (1) 0 f f <
Mt khc: f(x) l hm s lin tc trn R nn lin
tc trn [ ] 0;1
.
IV/. Cng c:
nh ngha hm s lin tc v cc tnh cht ca hm s lin tc.
V/. Dn d:
Nm vng ni dung l thuyt v nghin cu li cc bi c hng dn.
Lm bi tp n tp chng IV.
96
O
1
x
y
1
-1
CHNG IV: GII HN
TIT 60-61: N TP CHNG IV
Ngy son:
1. Kin thc:
Gii hn ca dy s v cc nh l lin quan.
Gii hn ca hm s v cc kin thc lin quan.
Hm s lin tc v cc kin thc lin quan n hm s lin tc.
2. K nng:
Tm gii hn ca dy s, tnh tng ca cp s nhn li v hn.
Tm gii hn ca hm s.
Xt tnh lin tc ca hm s v cc bi ton v s tn ti nghim ca phng trnh.
C/. Chun b:
1. GV: Gio n, bi tp 1 n 6 Sgk trang 141.
D/. Thit k bi dy:
TIT 60 Ngy dy:
I/. n nh lp: S s.......Vng:.......
II/. Kim tra bi c: Tm
2 1
lim
3 2
n
n
+
+
1. t vn :
2. Trin khai bi:
ca dy s)
Gv: Tm
3
3 2
4 5 3
lim
2 1
n n
n n
+
+
?
Gi : Chia c t v mu cho n
3
.
Gv: Tm
3 5.4
lim
1 4
n n
n
?
Gi : Chia c t v mu cho 4
n
v p dng tnh
cht
lim 0, 1
n
q q <
Gv: Tm
( )
2
lim3 3 1 ? n n n + +
Gi : Nhn v chia vi lng lin hp.
LM BI TP
Bi 1: Tm gii hn ca cc dy s
a)
3
3 2
3 2
3
4 5
3
4 5 3
lim lim 3
2 1
2 1
1
n n
n n
n n
n n
+
+

+
+
b)
3
5
3 5.4 4
lim lim 5
1
1 4
1
4
n
n n
n
n
_
c) ( )
2
2
3 1
lim3 3 1 lim3
3 1
n
n n n
n n n
+
+ +
+ + +
2 2
1
1
3
3
9
lim3. lim3.
2
3 1 3 1
1 1 1 1
n
n
n
n
n n n n
_
+
+

,

_
+ + + + + +

,
Bi 2: Tm gii hn ca cc hm s:
97
CHNG IV: GII HN
ca hm s)
Gv: Tm
2
2
3
lim
4
x
x
x x
+
+ +
?
Ch : C dng phn thc nhng mu thc
khc 0 khi x dn v 2.
Gv: Tm
2
2
3
5 6
lim
3
x
x x
x x
+ +
+
?
Ch : Gii hn c dng
0
0
_

,
. Phn tch t v
mu v dng tch ri rt gn .
Gv: Tm
( )
3 2
lim 2 1
x
x x x
+
+ +
?.
Gv: Tm
2
2 4
lim
3 1
x
x x x
x
?
Ch :
Khi
x x x
. Sau phn tch t v
mu v dng
1
k
x
.
Gv: Tm
2
2 4
lim
3 1
x
x x x
x
+
+
?.
Ch : Khi
x x x +
a)
2
2
3 5 1
lim
10 2 4
x
x
x x
+

+ +
b)
( ) ( )
( )
2
2
3 3
2 3
5 6
lim lim
3 3
x x
x x
x x
x x x x

+ +
+ +

+ +
3
2 1
lim
3
x
x
x
+

c) ( )
3 2 3
2 3
1 2 1
lim 2 1 li m 1
x x
x x x x
x x x
+
_
+ + + +

,
d)
2
2
2 4
1
2 4
lim lim
1 3 1
3
x x
x x
x x x
x x
x
x
x

+
+

,
2
2 4
1 1
2
lim
1
3
3
x
x x
x
e)
2
2
2 4
1
2 4
lim lim
1 3 1
3
x x
x x
x x x
x x
x
x
x
+ +
+
+

,
2
2 4
1 1
lim 0
1
3
x
x x
x
+
+

IV/. Cng c:
Gii hn ca dy s v gii hn ca hm s cng cc kin thc lin quan.
Phng php tm gii hn c dng v nh.
V/. Dn d:
T nghin cu li cc bi tp c hng dn.
Lm bi tp 7, 8 trang 142, 143 Sgk tit sau tip tc n tp.
TIT 61 Ngy dy:
I/. n nh lp: S s.......Vng:.......
II/. Kim tra bi c: (xen vo bi mi)
1. t vn :
2. Trin khai bi:
98
CHNG IV: GII HN
Hot ng 1: (Cng c kin thc v hm s
lin tc)
Hng dn:
- Xt tnh lin tc ca hm s khi x > 2, x < 2.
- Xt tnh lin tc ca hm s ti x = 2.
Gv: Tnh
( ) ( )
2 2
lim ; lim
x x
f x f x
+

so snh v kt
lun.
Gv: Hm s lin tc ti x = 2, vy ta c kt lun
g v tnh lin tc ca hm s trn R?.
Gv: Cho hm s ( )
2
2
2 3
; 1, 1
1
1
; 1
4
x
x x
x
f x
x
'
Xt tnh lin tc ca hm s ti x = 1.
Gv: Hy tm
( )
1
lim , (1)
x
f x f
. Sau so snh hai

gi tr v kt lun bi ton.
gv yu cu hc sinh ln bng thc hin.
Gv: Cho hm s ( )
2 3; 1
1; 1
x x
f x
mx x
+
'
>
Tm m hm s lin tc ti x = -1.
Gv: hm s lin tc ti im x = - 1 khi no?.
V sao?.
Gi : Tm
( 1) ( 1)
lim ( ); lim ( ); ( 1).
x x
f x f x f
+

Hm s lin tc ti x = -1 khi v ch khi:

( 1) ( 1)
lim ( ) lim ( ) ( 1).
x x
f x f x f
+

Gv: Lm bi tp 8 trang 143 Sgk
Hng dn:
Xt du f(0), f(1), f(2), f(3).
Xt tnh lin tc ca hm s trn cc on
[ ] [ ] [ ] 0;1 ; 1; 2 ; 2;3
ri kt lun.
Gv yu cu hc sinh ln bng trnh by.
LM BI TP
Bi 1:
Khi
2 ( ) x f x >
lin tc trn
( ) 2; +
Khi
2 ( ) x f x <
lin tc trn
( ) ; 2
Khi x = 2, ta c:
(2) 5 2 3 f
Mt khc:
( )
2
2 2 2
2
lim ( ) lim lim 1 3
2
x x x
x x
f x x
x
+ + +

+
( )
2
2 2 2
2
lim ( ) lim lim 1 3
2
x x x
x x
f x x
x

+
Ta thy
( ) ( )
2 2
lim lim
x x
f x f x
+

. Suy ra, hm s
lin tc ti x = 2.
Vy, hm s f(x) lin tc trn R.
Bi 2:
Ta c:
( )
( )
( )
( )
2
2
2
1 1 1 2 2
1
2 3
lim li m li m
1
1 2 3
x x x
x
x
f x
x
x x

+

+ +
2 1
1 1
lim
4
2 3
x
x

+ +
Mt khc: ( )
1
1
4
f
.
Ta thy: ( ) ( )
1
1
lim 1
4
x
f x f

Vy, hm s lin tc ti im x = 1.
Bi 3:
Ta c:
( )
( )
( )
( )
1 1
lim lim 2 3 1
x x
f x x
+ +

+
( )
( )
( )
( )
1 1
lim lim 1 1
x x
f x mx m

Mt khc: f(-1) = - m - 1.
Hm s lin tc ti im x = -1 khi v ch khi
1 1 2 m m
Bi 4: t f(x) = x
5
- 3x
4
+ 5x - 2. Ta c:
(0) 2 0; (1) 1 0; (2) 8 0; (3) 13 0 f f f f < > < >
Suy ra:
(0). (1) 0; (1). (2) 0; (2). (3) 0 f f f f f f < < <
Mt khc: Hm s f(x) lin tc trn R nn lin
tc trn cc on [ ] [ ] [ ] 0;1 ; 1; 2 ; 2;3
Vy, phng trnh x
5
- 3x
4
+ 5x - 2 = 0 c t
nht 3 nghim nm trong khong (-2; 5).
IV/. Cng c:
99
CHNG IV: GII HN
Khi nim hm s lin tc ti mt im, ch nh l 1, 2, 3 Sgk.
Bi tp trc nghim:
Gv pht trc nghim cho hc sinh thc hin.
Cu 1: Dy s no sau y c gii hn bng 0?.
a)
5
2
n
_

,
b)
4
3
n
_

,
c)
3
4
n
_

,
d)
4
3
n
_

,
Cu 2: ( )
2
lim 3 5 3 n n +
bng:
a) 3 b)
c)
+
d) 0
Cu 3:
3 5
4 2
1
2
lim
3
x
x x
x x x
+
bng:
a) 0 b)
1
3
c)
1
3
d) -3
Cu 4:
2
1
4 3
lim
1
x
x x
x
bng:
a) 4 b) 3 c) 2 d)
+
Cu 5:
2 5
4
4
lim
2
x
x x
x x
+
+ +
bng:
a) 1 b) 0 c) 4 d)
V/. Dn d:
Cc kin thc lin quan n gii hn ca dy s, ca hm s.
Chun b tt kin thc chng 4 tit sau lm bi kim tra 1 tit.

TIT 62: KIM TRA 1 TIT
Ngy son: Ngy dy:
1. Kin thc:
Gii hn ca dy s v cc nh l lin quan.
Gii hn ca hm s v cc kin thc lin quan.
Hm s lin tc v cc kin thc lin quan n hm s lin tc.
2. K nng:
Tm gii hn ca dy s, tnh tng ca cp s nhn li v hn.
Tm gii hn ca hm s.
Xt tnh lin tc ca hm s v cc bi ton v s tn ti nghim ca phng trnh.
C/. Chun b:
1. GV: kim tra.
2. HS: Ni dung kin thc chng IV, cc dng c hc tp.
D/. Thit k bi dy:
100
CHNG IV: GII HN
I/. n nh lp: S s.......Vng:.......
II/. Kim tra bi c: Khng
BI
A/. PHN TRC NGHIM (5,0 im).
1/. Mt cp s cng c u
1
= 3 v cng sai d = 7 th s hng th 18 ca cp s cng l:
a) 119 b) 129 c) 136 d) 122
2/. Mt cp s nhn c 1
4 u
v
2 q
th tng ca 8 s hng u tin ca cp s nhn l:
a) 1024 b) 340 c) 1020 d) 256
3/. Tng ca cp s nhn li v hn vi
1
1
3
u
v
1
3
q
l:
a)
2
3
b) 2 c) d)
1
2
4/. Cho dy
( )
n
u
bit
3
n
n
u
. S hng u
2n
bng:
a) 2.3
n
b) 9
n
c)
1
3
n+
d) 6n
5/.
2 1
lim
4
n
n
+
bng:
a)
1
2
b) 1 c) 4 d)
1
4
6/. Dy no sau y khng c gii hn?
a) ( ) 0, 999
n
b) ( ) 0, 988
n
c) ( ) 1
n
d) ( ) 0, 98
n
7/. Dy s no sau y c gii hn bng 0?.

a)
5
4
n
_

,
b)
1
4
n
_

,
c)
3
2
n
_

,
d)
4
3
n
_

,
8/.
3 2.5
lim
4 5
n n
n n
+
+
bng:
a) 1 b)
3
4
c) 2 d)
2
5
9/. ( )
4
lim 2 15 n n +
bng:
a)
b) 1 c) -15 d)
+
10/.
2 3
3 4
2 2
lim
6 9
n n
n n

bng:
a)
+
b)
1
3
c) 0 d)
2
9
11/.
2
1
2 5
lim
2 2
x
x
x
+
bng:
a) 1 b)
+
c)
0
d)
12/.
( )
3 2
1
lim 3 1
x
x x x
+
bng:
a) 0 b) 2 c) 4 d)
6
13/.
2
1
4 3
lim
1
x
x x
x
bng:
101
CHNG IV: GII HN
a) 4 b) 3 c) 2 d)
+
14/.
( )
3 2
lim 3 2 1
x
x x x
+ +
bng:
a)
b) 1 c) 1 d)
+
15/.
2 5
4
4
lim
2
x
x x
x x
+
+ +
bng:
a) 1 b)
+
c)
d) 0
16/. ( )
2
lim 1
x
x x
+
bng:
a) 0 b)
+
c)
d)
1
2
17/. Cho hm s ( )
3
3 3
4
x
f x
x x
. Kt lun no sau y l ng?

a) Hm s f(x) lin tc ti im 2 x b) Hm s f(x) lin tc ti im 0 x
c) Hm s f(x) lin tc ti im 1 x d) Hm s f(x) lin tc ti im 2 x
18/. Cho hm s ( )
2
4
, 0
7
x x
f x x
x
. Phi gn gi tr f(0) bng bao nhiu th hm s lin tc

trn R?.
a)
4
7
b) 0 c)
1
7
d)
4
7
19/. Cho phng trnh
5
1 0 x x + (1). Trong cc kt lun sau, kt lun no sai?.
a) (1) c nghim trn khong
( ) 1;1
b) (1) c nghim trn khong
( ) 0;1
c) (1) c nghim trn R d) (1) v nghim
20/. Cho hm s
( )
2 3; 1
; 1
x x
f x
mx x
+
'
>
. Vi gi tr no ca m th hm s lin tc ti
1 x
?
a) 1 m b) 1 m c) 0 m d) 2 m
B/. PHN T LUN (5,0 im)
Bi 1: Tm
3
6 3
lim
2 3
x
x
x x
+
+
Bi 2: Cho hm s
( )
2
7 3
6
x
f x
x

+ '
. Chng minh hm s f(x) lin tc ti

2 x
Bi 3: Tnh tng
1 1 1 1
... ...
6 18 54 2.3
n
S + + + + +
The end
P N V THANG IM
A/. Phn trc nghim: (5,0 im)- Mi cu ng c 0,25 im
Cu 1
D
Cu 2
B
Cu 3
D
Cu 4
B
Cu 5
A
Cu 6
C
Cu 7
B
Cu 8
C
Cu 9
D
Cu 10
C
Cu 11
B
Cu 12
A
Cu 13
C
Cu 14
D
Cu 15
C
Cu 16
B
Cu 17
C
Cu 18
D
Cu 19
D
Cu 20
A
B/. Phn t lun: (5,0 im)
102
nu 2 x
nu 2 x
CHNG IV: GII HN
Bi p n im
1. 2,0 im
Ta c:
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
3 3
6 3 6 3 2 3
6 3
lim lim
2 3 2 3 2 3 6 3
x x
x x x x
x
x x x x x x x

+ + + + +
+
+ + + + + +
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
2 3 3
3 2 3 3 2 3
lim lim
2 3 6 3 1 3 6 3
x x
x x x x x x
x x x x x x

+ + + +

+ + + + +
( )
( )
3
2 3 3 9 1
lim
4
(2 1)( 9 3) 1 6 3
x
x x
x x
+ + +

+ + + + +
0,5
1,0
0,5
2. 2,0 im
Ta c:
( )
( )
( )
2 2 2
2 7 3
2
lim lim lim 7 3 6
7 9
7 3
x x x
x x
x
x
x
x

+ +
+ +
+
+
Mt khc: f(2) = - 6.
Suy ra:
( )
2
lim (2)
x
f x f
. Vy, hm s lin tc ti im x = 2.
1,0
1,0
3. (1,0 im)
Ta c: Cc s hng ca tng lp thnh mt cp s nhn li v hn vi
1
1 1
;
6 3
u q
. Vy,
1
1
1 1 1 1 1
6
... ...
1
6 18 54 1 4 2.3
1
3
n
u
S
q
+ + + + +
0,5
0,5
IV/. Cng c: Thu bi.
V/. Dn d:
T nghin cu li bi gii ca mnh.
Tham kho trc ni dung bi mi: NH NGHA V NGHA CA O HM
103

Chuong 4-ds11cb

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Chuong 4-ds11cb

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

CHNG IV: GII HN

TIT 49-52: GII HN CA DY S

III/. Ni dung bi mi:

Gv yu cu hc sinh ln bng thc hin.

III/. Tng ca cp s nhn li v hn

lim ; lim lim 0

lim 0; lim 0, 0 lim

( ) lim ; lim 0 lim .

Bi 6: Tnh cc gii hn:

Gi : Ap dng cc nh l v gii hn.

Gv: Ta p dng nh l 1 ngay c c khng?.

Gv t vn v cho hc sinh tm gii hn ca

Ap dng quy tc tm gii hn.

T (2) v (4) suy ra:

IV/. Cng c: Qua ni dung lm bi tp cc em cn nh:

Hy xt tnh lin tc ca hm s trn TX?.

nn f(x) khng lin tc ti

. Suy ra, hm s g(x)

khng tn ti. Vy, ta c kt

khng tn ti. Vy, hm s

. Sau so snh hai

Hm s lin tc ti x = -1 khi v ch khi:

7/. Dy s no sau y c gii hn bng 0?.

. Kt lun no sau y l ng?

. Phi gn gi tr f(0) bng bao nhiu th hm s lin tc

. Chng minh hm s f(x) lin tc ti

You might also like