Chu trnh Cacbon trong t nhin

Mi trng t, nc v khng kh c lin kt thng qua chu trnh Cacbon (C) nh qu trnh quang hp, gp phn lm gim hm lng CO2 trong kh quyn. Cc qu trnh chnh trong chu trnh tun hon C gm qu trnh quang hp, qu trnh phn hy cc sn phm bi tit. Ngoi ra cn c qu trnh h hp, qu trnh khuych tn kh CO2 trong kh quyn. Vng tun hon Cacbon trong t nhin Kh quyn l ngun cung cp C chnh trong chu trnh tun hon C (ch yu di dng CO2). CO2 i vo h sinh thi nh qu trnh quang hp v tr li kh quyn nh qu trnh h hp v qu trnh t chy. Thc vt ly kh cacbonic (CO2) t khng kh di tc dng ca nh sng mt tri to ra cht hu c.

Chu trnh cacbon trong t nhin

Qu trnh phong ha v phn hy cht hu c to ra C trong t v chy vo cc sng sui khi ma xung to nn chu trnh C trong nc, sau mt lot cc

phn ng kh phc tp gia CO2 v vi CaCO3 v nc. CO2 c s dng cho cc qu trnh h hp ca thc vt thy sinh v qu trnh quang hp ca nc. CO2 cng vi nc tham gia tng hp cht hu c, l cht m gi pH mi trng nc trung tnh. Cc nghin cu cho thy, cc h sinh thi thy vc k c sng sui, h ao, bin c v i dng c vai tr rt ln trong chu trnh C ton cu. C c th tn ti thi gian di cc dng v c nh CO2 (ha tan v dng kh); H2CO3 (ha tan), CaCO3 cacbonat calciumhoc dng hu c nh glucose, acid acetic, than, du, kh. Hi ha v n nh Tt c cc thnh phn kh quyn, a quyn, thy quynu c T nhin iu chnh trng thi hi ha, ph hp vi tp tnh ca cc c th sng. V vai tr ca CO2 trong s sng cng vy, n tun hon mt cch hi ha trong chu trnh cacbon, m bo s sng cho sinh vt trn tri t. Hm lng CO2 c duy tr va to nn hiu ng nh knh gi m cho tri t; CaCO3 c tch ly trong v nhuyn th, to ph du sn xut dimetyl sunfit cung cp cho qu trnh to ma trong kh quyn, tuyn tit mui gip cho cy mm sng trong mi trng nc bin mnTt c u hi ha. Ch khi con ngi ph hy n gy ra s suy gim v c bit l s o ln, i khi gy ra hu qu khng th lng trc c do chnh s thiu hiu bit ca con ngi. Khi chu trnh b ph v Cc hot ng kinh t ca con ngi ang lm o ln chu trnh C, gy ra s qu ti hm lng CO2 trong t nhin dn n hin tng hiu ng nh knh lm cho tri t nng ln. l vic s dng qu nhiu nhin liu ha thch nh than , du m, kh t trong giao thng vn ti, pht trin cng nghip, sinh hot i sng lm tng CO2 trong kh quyn. Vic cht ph rng cng lm tng hm lng CO2 do khng cn thc vt hp th CO2 trong kh quyn na. Vic tng kh CO2 v mt s cht nhim khc nh Nox, SOx, gy ma acid (pH<4,0), lm c cht, thay i pH ca t, nh hng n cy trng v nng nghip. S nng ln ton cu gy ra bin i kh hu, nh hng n nng nghip, v rt nhiu mt trong cuc sng ca con ngi.
CHU TRNH NIT Chu trnh m l chu trnh trong khng kh l kho d tr ng thI l van bo him ca h thng. Gia chu trnh v khng kh c s trao i thng xuyn: m phn t chuyn thnh m kt hp qua cc qu trnh c nh m sinh hc, do tc dng ca in v c nh quang hc. Phn Nitrate l qu trnh ngc li. Ngun nit tng hp cc amino acid v protein c ly t t v nc bi cy dng nitrate. C th thc vt c ng vt n v chng dng cc amino acid t cc protein ca thc vt tng hp nn amino acid, protein, nucleic acid v cc hp cht nit khc ca ring mnh. Nhng vi khun hoi sinh

s bin i nhng hp cht nit thnh amoniac khi cc ng vt hoc thc vt cht. Cc ng vt cng thi ra nhiu loi cht thi cha ure, acid uric, creatinin v amoniac. Cc vi khun phn hy bin i acid uric v ure thnh amoniac. Nhng amoniac ny c bin i bi cc vi khun nitrite sang nitrite v tip tc bin i thnh nitrate nh cc vi khun nitrate. Mt s cc amoniac c bin i sang Nit khng kh bi cc thnh phn vi khun kh nitrate. Mt s cc amoniac c bin i sang Nit khng kh bi cc thnh phn vi khun kh nitrate. Nit khng kh n lt mnh c th c bin i sang amino acid v cc hp cht nit hu c khc bi mt s to v vi khun t. Mt s loi vi khun khc thuc ging rhizobium mc d t mnh khng c nh c nit khng kh, nhng li c kh nng lm c vic ny nh hp tc vi t bo ca r cy h u hay mt vi loi rau c khc. Vi khun xm nhp vo r cy v kch thch cy h u hnh thnh cc nt sn r. S hp tc ca t bo cy h u v t bo vi khun c kh nng c nh m l mt qu trnh khng th thc hin c mt mnh. V vy cc cy h u thng c trng phc hi ph nhiu ca t sau khi loi cy khc c trng nhiu v. Nhng nt sn vi khun c kh nng c nh c trn 150kg N/ha/nm, gp nhiu ln s c nh N ca vi khun t (18kg/ha/nm). Nit kh quyn cng cn c c nh nh nng lng in hoc sm st t nhin. Mc d nit chim 4/5 kh ca kh quyn, nhng ch c mt vi loi thc vt c kh nng dng c nit phn t. Khi cc c th ca vi khun c nh nit cht, cc amino acid c ng ha thnh amoniac v sau c bin i sang nitrite v nitrate nh cc vi khun nitrite v nitrate ha. CHU TRNH PHOSPHOR Chu trnh s dng phosphor v cc nguyn t khc cng c vch ra. Ln v cc nguyn t khc quan h vi t nhiu hn l m. Ngoi s trao i ln gia cc vt sng v t, qu trnh ra tri ra bin lm gim lng ln lc a. C ng vt v thc vt s dng phosphate v c v bin i chng sang dng phosphate hu c vi vai tr trung gian s ng ha cc glucid, nucleic acid v lipid. Cc phosphate c th ng vt v thc vt cht v cc cht thi hu c c mang ti cc trm tch y bin nhanh hn v chng c a tr li mt t nh tc dng ca chim v c bin. Chim bin c vai tr quan trng trong chu trnh phosphorus v phn thi ca chng giu phosphate. Con ngi v cc ng vt khc nh bt v n c cng ly li phosphorus t bin. M c khai thc t trm tch y bin v c s dng li mt ln na nh nhng vn ng a cht a ln tng mt hoc thnh cc m.