S GD & T VNH PHC CHNH THC

K THI CHN HC SINH GII LP 11 NM HC 2010-2011 THI MN: HO HC (Dnh cho hc sinh THPT ) (Thi gian lm bi: 180 pht, khng k thi gian giao )

Cu 1 (1,0 im). Trong mi chn s A, B, C ng mt mui nitrat. Trong B, C l mui nitrat ca kim loi ha tr 2. Nung cc chn s nhit cao ngoi khng kh ti phn ng hon ton, sau lm ngui ngi ta thy: - Trong chn A khng cn du vt g. - Cho dung dch HCl vo chn B thy thot ra mt kh khng mu, ho nu ngoi khng kh. - Trong chn C cn li cht rn mu nu . Xc nh cc cht A, B, C v vit phng trnh minh ha. Cu 2 (1,5 im). Ho tan hon ton 0,775g n cht A trong dung dch HNO3 c thu c mt hn hp X gm hai kh (tn ti trong iu kin thch hp) c khi lng l 5,75g v mt dung dch gm 2 axit c oxi vi hm lng oxi ln nht. trung ho hai axit ny cn dng va ht 0,1 mol NaOH. 1. Xc nh thnh phn % theo s mol ca mi cht trong hn hp X. Bit d(X/H2)= 38,3. 2. Xc nh n cht A. 3. Tnh t l s mol 2 axit c trong dung dch sau phn ng. Cu 3 (2,0 im). 1. Hn hp A gm ba ankin M, N, P c tng s mol l 0,05 mol, s nguyn t cc bon trong mi cht u ln hn 2. Cho 0,05 mol A tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 0,12M trong NH3 thy dng ht 250 ml v thu c 4,55g kt ta. Nu t chy 0,05 mol A th thu c 0,13 mol H2O. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca M, N, P. Bit ankin c khi lng phn t nh nht chim 40% s mol ca A. 2. Cho cc hydrocacbon mch h A, B, X, Y u c t khi hi so vi H 2 bng 28. Hy xc nh cng thc cu to v tn gi ca A, B, X, Y? Bit: - Cho A, B tc dng vi Br2/CCl4 u cho cng mt sn phm hu c. - Cho X tc dng vi axit HBr cho 2 sn phm hu c. - Cho Y cho phn ng H2 (xc tc Ni, nung nng) thu c mt ankan c mch phn nhnh. Cu 4 (1,5 im) 1. Hy nhn bit cc cht kh ring bit sau bng phng php ha hc: Xiclopropan, propan, propen. 2. Cho hn hp A gm 3 hydrocacbon X, Y, Z thuc 3 dy ng ng khc nhau v hn hp B gm O2 v O3. Trn A v B theo t l th tch tng ng l 1,5 : 3,2 ri t chy hon ton thu c hn hp ch gm CO2 v hi H2O theo t l th tch l 1,3 : 1,2. Tnh d(A/H2)? Bit d(B/H2) = 19. Cu 5 (1,0 im). Hon thnh cc phng trnh phn ng sau. 1) Ba(H2PO3)2 + NaOH C + D + E 2) Al + NO3 + OH + H2O F + G 3) FeCl3 + K2CO3 + H2O H + I + K t 0C 4) CuO + NH4Cl M + N + L + H2O Cu 6 (2,0 im). Cho dung dch X : K+, NH4+, CO32-, SO42-. Chia dung dch X lm 2 phn bng nhau. Cho phn 1 tc dng vi dung dch Ba(OH)2 d, un nng thy tch ra 6,45 gam kt ta v thot ra 672 ml (ktc) kh. Cho phn 2 tc dng vi axit HNO3 d th thy c 336 ml (ktc) kh bay ra. 1. Tnh tng lng mui tan trong dung dch X. 2. Sc 224ml (ktc) kh SO2 vo mt na dung dch X trn th thu c dung dch Y. Trn Y vi dung dch BaCl2 d s tch ra bao nhiu gam kt ta ? Cu 7 (1,0 im). Cho 0,1 mol Fe vo dung dch HNO3, sau khi phn ng hon ton thu c kh NO v dung dch A, c cn dung dch A thu c 22,34 gam cht rn khan B (B khng cha mui amoni). 1. Tnh s mol HNO3 phn ng v th tch kh NO (ktc) thu c. 2. Nhit phn hon ton B thu c bao nhiu gam cht rn. Th sinh c s dng bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc.Cn b coi thi khng gii thch g thm. H v tn th sinh: S bo danh: Ht

S GD & T VNH PHC

K THI CHN HC SINH GII LP 11 NM HC 2010-2011 HNG DN CHM MN: HO HC (Dnh cho hc sinh THPT )

Cu Ni dung Cu 1 Chn A khng cn du vt chng t mui nhit phn chuyn ht thnh th hi v kh,do (1,0) mui l Hg(NO3)2 , NH4NO3,.. t 0C Hg(NO3)2 Hg + 2NO2 + O2 t 0C Hoc NH4NO3 N2O + 2H2O Sn phm sau nhit phn mui ca chn B tc dng vi HCl cho kh khng mu chng t mui ban u l mui nitrat ca kim loi Ba(NO3)2, Ca(NO3)2 t 0C Ca(NO3)2 Ca(NO2)2 + O2 t 0C Hoc Ba(NO3)2 Ba(NO2)2 + O2 Ca(NO2)2 + 2HCl CaCl2 + 2HNO2 Hoc Ba(NO2)2 + 2HCl BaCl2 + 2HNO2 3HNO2 HNO3 + 2NO + H2O C cha mui nitrat ca st II: Fe(NO3)2 4Fe(NO3)2 2Fe2O3(Nu) + 8 NO + O2 Cu 2 1. Xc nh % tng kh. (1,5) M 2kh = 38,3.2 = 76,6; Kh c M < 76,6 l NO2(v HNO3 c), kh c M > 76,6 l N2O4. Gi x, y l s mol ca NO2 v N2O4: Tnh s mol NO2 v N2O4:
46x + 92y = 5,75 x = 0,025 => y = 0,05 => % NO2 = 33,33% % N2O4 = 66,67%

im

0,5

0,5

46x + 92y x 15,4 = 76,6 = . x+y y 30,6

2.Xc nh n cht A. Gi s mol A l a mol A ne An+ mol a na N+5 + 1e N+4 (trong NO2) mol 0,025 0,025 +5 2N + 2e 2N+4 (trong N2O4) mol 0,1 0,1 => S mol e nhn =0,125 Theo nh lut bo ton e ta c: na = 0,125 a = 0,125/n A.a = 0,775 A = 6,2.n; 1 n < 8. Xt n (nguyn) = 5 l tho mn A = 31 => A l pht pho (P) 3. Tnh t l 2 axit: P + HNO3 H3PO4 +... 0,025 mol 0,025 - Hai axit sau phn ng: H3PO4 v HNO3 d. Tc dng vi NaOH (0,1 mol) H3PO4 + 3NaOH Na3PO4 +3H2O HNO3 + NaOH NaNO3 +H2O => S mol HNO3 sau p = 0,1-3.0,025= 0,025 mol => nHNO3 : nH3 PO4 = 0, 025 : 0, 025 = 1:1 Cu 3 1.Xc nh ankin (2,0) Gi s M l ankin c KLPT nh nht => nM = 0,4.0,05 = 0,02(mol) n(AgNO3) = 0,25.0,12 = 0,03 (mol) < 0,05 (mol) => trong ba ankin c hai ankin c xy ra phn ng vi AgNO3/NH3 v mt ankin khng c phn ng. Gi cng thc chung ca hai ankin l CnH2n 2 Pt: CnH2n 2 + AgNO3 + NH3 CnH2n 3Ag + NH4NO3 4,55 = 151, 667 => n = 3,33 CnH2n 3Ag = 0, 03 S nguyn t cacbon mi ankin u ln hn 2 => c mt ankin nh nht l C3H4 Gi cng thc ca ankin c phn ng cn li l CaH2a 2 0, 02.3 + 0, 01.a 10 = =n

x 15,4 = y 30,6

0,5

0,5

0,5

0,5

Ghi ch: Th sinh c cch gii khc,ng vn cho im ti a. -----Ht----