O NG

(Inversions)
Thng thng, mt cu k (cu trn thut) bao gi cng bt u bng ch ng v tip theo sau l mt ng t. Tuy nhin, trt t ca cu nh trn c th b thay i khi ngi ni mun nhn mnh. Lc xut hin hin tng "o ng" o ng c th hin cc dng sau:

1. Not until + phrase/clause...

Ex.: Not until 10 p.m. yesterday did he come home.

Not until I left home did I realize what he had meant. 2. Neither, nor v c dng din t ngi hay s vt ny tng t nh ngi, vt hay s vt khc (kia):

Ex: a/ Tom is ill today.

So is Tom.. b/ I cant understand Spainish.

Nor can I. 3. Seldom, rarely v never c nhn mnh vi nhn mnh vi mc ch so snh:

Ex.: Seldom had I seen such a terrible thing 4. Only, not only, not until c nhn mnh v t u cu

Ex.: Only learning hard can you pass the exam. 5. Hardly. When, scarcelywhen v no sooner than c dng din t mt hnh ng xy ran ngay sau mt hnh ng khc.

Ex.: Hardly had I arrived when I heard a terrible explosion.

No sooner had I left than it started to rain. 6. Cc cm gii t ch ni chn c nhn mnh.

Ex.: Near the old pagoda is a red flower tree. Notes: Khi khng mun nhn mnh, chng ta c th dt cc cm trng t, gii t c ni n 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 v 6 trn theo trt t thng thng.

III.7. Cu o ng Trong mt s trng hp cc ph t khng ng v tr bnh thng ca n m o ln ng u cu nhm nhn mnh vo hnh ng ca ch ng. ngi ta gi l cu o ng. Trong trng hp ng php s thay i, ng sau ph t ng u cu l tr ng t ri mi n ch ng v ng t chnh: V d:

Little did I know that he was a compulsive liar. At no time (= never) did I say I would accept late homework. 1. Cu o ng c cha trng t ph nh: Nhn chung, cu o ng thng c dng nhn mnh tnh c bit ca mt s kin no v thng c m u bng mt ph nh t.

Nhm t: never (khng BAo gi), rarely (him khi), seldom (him khi).

Cu o ng cha nhng trng t ny thng c dng vi ng t dng hon thnh hay ng t khuyt thiu v c th cha so snh hn. V d: Never have I been more insulted! (Cha BAo gi ti b lng m hn th). Never in her life had she experienced this exhilarating emotion. Seldom has he seen anything stranger. (Him khi anh y nhn thy mt ci g k l hn th). Seldom have I seen him looking so miserable.

Nhm t: hardly (hu nh khng), BArely (ch va , va vn), no sooner (va mi), or scarcely (ch mi, va vn).

Cu o ng cha trng ng ny thng c dng din t mt chui cc s kin xy ra trong qu kh. V d:

Scarcely had I got out of bed when the doorbell rang. (Him khi chung ca reo m ti thc dy). No sooner had he finished dinner than she walked in the door. (Khi anh y va mi n ti xong th ch ta bc vo ca). 2. Nhm t kt hp sau Only nh: only After, only when, only then Only AFter/only when/only then/only if + tr ng t + S + V Only by + noun/V-ing + tr ng t/ ng t khuyt thiu + S + V.: ch bng cch lm g V d: Only then did I understand the problem. (Ch sau lc ti mi hiu ra c vn ). Only by hard work will we be able to accomplish this great task. Only by studying hard can you pass this exam. Ch : nu trong cu c hai mnh , chng ta dng o ng mnh th hai: Only when you grow up, can you understand it. Only if you tell me the truth, can I forgive you. Only AFter the film started did I realise that I'd seen it before. 3. Nhm t: So, Such Cu o ng c cha So mang cu trc nh sau: So + tnh t + to be + Danh t V d: So strange was the situation that I couldn't sleep. (Tnh hung ny k l khin ti khng th ng c).

So difficult is the test that students need three months to prepare. (Bi kim tra kh ti mc m cc sinh vin cn 3 thng chun b). Cu o ng c cha Such mang cu trc nh sau: Such + to be + Danh t + V d: Such is the moment that all greats traverse. (Tht l thi khc tr ngi ln lao). Such is the stuff of dreams. (Tht l mt gic m v ngha). 4. Not only.but also..:khng nhng.m cn.. Not only + tr ng t + S +V + but also + S + V V d: Not only does he study well, but also he sings well. 5. Mt s cu trc khc In/ Under no circumstances: D trong bt c hon cnh no cng khng. Under no circumstances should you lend him the money. On no account: D bt c l do g cng khng On no accout must this switch be touched. Only in this way: Ch bng cch ny Only in this way could the problem be solved In no way: Khng sao c th In no way could I agree with you. By no means: Hon ton khng

By no means does he intend to criticize your idea. Negative ..., nor + auxiliary + S + V He had no money, nor did he know anybody from whom he could borrow. Khi mt mnh m u bng cc thnh ng ch ni chn hoc trt t th ng t chnh c th o ln ch ng nhng tuyt i khng c s dng tr ng t trong trng hp ny. Clause of place/ order + main verb + S (no auxiliary) In front of the museum is a statue. First came the ambulance, then came the police. (Thot u l xe cu thng chy n, tip sau l cnh st.) Khi mt ng gii t lm ph t ch a im hoc phng hng ng u cu, cc ni ng t t ln trc ch ng nhng tuyt i khng c s dng tr ng t trong loi cu ny. N rt ph bin trong vn m t khi mun din t mt ch ng khng xc nh: Under the tree was lying one of the biggest men I had ever seen. Directly in front of them stood a great castle. On the grass sat an enormous frog. Along the road came a strange procession. Tn ng mang tnh nhn mnh cng c th o ln u cu: Not a single word did he say. Cc ph t away ( = off ), down, in, off, out, over, round, up... c th theo sau l mt ng t chuyn ng v sau l mt danh t lm ch ng: Away/down/in/off/out/over/round/up...+ motion verb + noun/noun phrase as a subject. Away went the runners. Down fell a dozen of apples...

 Nhng nu mt i t nhn xng lm ch ng th ng t phi sau ch ng: Away they went. Round and round it flew. Trong ting Anh vit (written English) cc ng gii t m u bng cc gii t down, from, in, on, over, out of, round, up... c th c theo sau ngay bi ng t ch v tr (crouch, hang, lie, sit, stand...) hoc cc dng ng t ch chuyn ng, cc ng t nh be born/ die/ live v mt s dng ng t khc. From the rAFters hung strings of onions. In the doorway stood a man with a gun. On a perch beside him sat a blue parrot. Over the wall came a shower of stones.

*Ch : cc v d trn c th din t bng mt V-ing m u cho cu v ng t to be o ln trn ch ng: Hanging from the rafters were strings of onion. Standing in the doorway was a man with a gun. Sitting on a perch beside him was a blue parrot.