ng dng cng ngh x l cht thi y t

Xem tin gc QND - 19 thng trc 314 lt xem X l cht thi y t l mt trong nhng vn quan tm ca cc bnh vin qun i hin nay. Trong 5 nm qua, B Quc phng ch o cc c quan, n v tp trung nghin cu, kho st, nh gi tc ng mi trng cc bnh vin v u t xy dng cc cng trnh, mua sm trang, thit b cng ngh x l cht thi y t. Tuy nhin, s lng cc cng trnh v cng ngh x l cht thi y t c trin khai ng dng cha nhiu, trong khi nhu cu ca cc bnh vin, c s y t ca qun i ngy cng cao. iu khin vic nghin cu, phi hp trin khai ng dng cng ngh x l cht thi y t, bo m v sinh mi trng gia cc c quan, n v ngy cng cp thit. Facebook Twitter 0 bnh chn Vit bnh lun Lu bi ny Cc c quan chc nng, vin nghin cu v cc n v tin hnh nghin cu, kho st, nh gi tc ng mi trng, lp nhiu d n xy dng cng trnh x l cht thi y t v c B Quc phng ph duyt, a vo danh sch cc c s gy nhim mi trng nghim trng theo Quyt nh ca Th tng Chnh ph. Cc Vin Qun y 110 (Qun khu 1), Vin Qun y 7 (Qun khu 3) v Vin Qun y 4 (Qun khu 4) trin khai cc d n u t xy dng cc cng trnh cng ngh x l cht thi y t. Vin Qun y 110 phi hp vi Cng ty TNHH Thin Phc xy dng l t Mediburn x l rc thi y t vi cng sut 20kg cht thi sinh, bnh phm cho mi ln t. Vin cng phi hp vi Cng ty Thi Sn (Trung tm Nhit i Vit-Nga) xy dng, lp t thit b cng ngh cho h thng x l rc thi, nc thi y t vi quy m x l ton b nc thi bnh vin, cng sut 150m3/ngy-m, nc sau khi x l t tiu chun thi ra mi trng. Cng ty Thi Sn cng xy dng, lp t h thng x l nc thi bnh vin vi cng sut 100m3/ngy-m ti Vin Qun y 87 (Tng cc Hu cn). Cc Qun y u t xy dng l t cht thi rn y t Mediburn cng sut t mi ln 20kg v l t cht thi rn y t Model A200 CU cng sut t mi ln 30kg cho cc Vin Qun y 87, 105 v 354. Vin Qun y 4 c u t xy dng, lp t h thng thit b cng ngh x l cht thi bnh vin t cng sut 30kg cht thi mi gi do Cng ty TNHH Thin Phc cung cp thit b. Sau khi a vo vn hnh, cc cng trnh cng ngh x l cht thi bnh vin hot ng tt, c hiu qu. Tuy nhin, vic duy tr bo dng, kinh ph cho cc h thng hot ng ang l vn kh khn i vi cc bnh vin. Thnh ng Cng ngh x l cht thi rn y t khng t - Xu th mi thn thin vi mi trng 4/11/2011 11:00 PM

Cht thi rn pht sinh t cc c s y t trong qu trnh hot ng chuyn mn cha nhiu yu t nguy hi. Theo nghin cu ca t chc Y t th gii (WHO), thnh phn nguy hi trong cht thi rn y t chim t 10 - 25%, bao gm cc cht thi ly nhim, dc cht, cht ha hc, phng x, kim loi nng, cht d chy, n... Cn li 75 - 90%, gm cc cht thi thng thng, tng t nh cht thi sinh hot, trong c nhiu thnh phn khng cha yu t nguy hi nh nha, thy tnh, kim loi, giy... c th ti ch. x l v tiu huy cht thi y t, mi nhm v loi cht thi c phng php ring. Trong phm vi bi vit ny ch cp n cng ngh x l cht thi ly nhim, mt thnh phn ch yu ca cht thi rn y t nguy hi c trong cht thi y t. Cc cht thi thuc nhm khc nh ha hc, phng x, kim loi nng... c x l tng t nh cc phng php x l cht thi cng nghip khc. T trc n nay, ti Vit Nam hu nh mi ch bit n l t cht thi rn y t nguy hi, bao gm l t 2 bung nhp khu t cc nc pht trin nh t Thy S, M, B, Php, Italia, Nht Bn, Hn Quc, Nam Phi... v mt s l t sn xut trong nc. n nay, c nc c khong trn 500 l t x l cho khong hn 70% cht thi ly nhim pht sinh t cc bnh vin v c s y t. Ngoi ra, mt s bnh vin cn s dng l t th cng t xy hoc thit k n gin x l cht thi ly nhim. Hin nay, Vit Nam cha c l quay x l cht thi rn y t. B Khoa hc v Cng ngh cng ban hnh cc tiu chun c lin quan n l t nh: TCVN 6560 - 2005: "Kh thi l t cht thi rn y t - Gii hn cho php v mt s tiu chun khc v cc phng php xc nh cc cht nhim trong kh thi, thay th cho cc tiu chun ban hnh nm 2004". Tuy vy, vic kim sot kh thi l t v nhit bung t cn gp nhiu kh khn do c mt s ch tiu hin nay nh o nng dioxin phi gi mu ra nc ngoi vi chi ph rt cao (khong 2 nghn USD/mu xt nghim dioxin). L t cht thi y t l ngun chnh pht sinh ra dioxin v thy ngn trong cc hot ng dn s hin nay. Vi mc tiu bo v mi trng (BVMT) v bo v sc khe, cc nc ang pht trin nh M v chu u ngy cng tht cht cc tiu chun kh thi l t cht thi y t. Trong tnh hnh nh vy, nhiu loi l t c sn xut ti M v chu u cng khng p ng c tiu chun mi trng v tm cch xut khu sang cc nc ang pht trin, ni m cc tiu chun mi trng cn lng lo hoc cha c cc bin php kim sot cht ch. Nm 1988, c nc M c 6.200 l t cht thi y t nhng n nm 2006 ch cn li 62 l t hot ng. Canada, nm 1995 c 219 l t nhng n nm 2003 ch cn 56 l t vn hnh. Nhiu nc chu u a ra cc bin php kin quyt nhm ng ca cc l t cht thi y t. Ti c, nm 1984 c 554 l t hot ng nhng n nm 2002 khng cn l t no vn hnh, hay ti B o Nha, nm 1995 c 40 l t nhng nm 2004 ch cn 1 l t hot ng. AiLen c 150 l t hot ng nm 1990 nhng n nm 2005 ngng hot ng ton b cc l t cht thi y t. Ti cc nc pht trin thay th l t bng cc cng ngh khc thn thin vi mi trng. Cc cng ngh khng t bao gm: Quy trnh nhit - kh khun bng nhit t nh
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ni hp hay h thng hp t tin tin, kh khun bng nhit kh, cng ngh vi sng, plasma...; Quy trnh ha hc - ha hc khng dng do, thy phn kim; Quy trnh bc x tia cc tm, cobalt; Quy trnh sinh hc - x l bng enzym. Trong s cc cng ngh trn, quy trnh nhit l ph bin nht v c chia thnh 3 loi gm: Quy trnh nhit thp (c 19 nh cung cp cng ngh ny) vi nhit vn hnh khong t 200 - 350F (t 93 - 177C) vi 2 nhm c bn l nhit t v nhit kh. Cng ngh nhit t dng hi nc kh khun cht thi. Cng ngh x l bng vi sng thc cht l kh khun bng hi nc v hi nc bo ha c thm vo lm m cht thi v nng lng vi sng s lm nng cht thi. Quy trnh nhit kh khng thm nc hay hi nc vo cht thi. Cht thi c lm nng bi tnh dn nhit, i lu t nhin hay cng bc, s dng bc x nhit hoc bc x hng ngoi. Quy trnh nhit trung bnh (c 2 nh cung cp cng ngh ny): Nhit vn hnh khong t 350 - 700F (177 - 370C) c tc dng ph v lin kt ha hc ca cht hu c. y l quy trnh da trn cng ngh mi bao gm quy trnh trng hp ngc s dng nng lng vi sng cng cao v kh trng hp s dng hi nng v p sut cao.

Quy trnh nhit cao (c 13 nh cung cp cng ngh ny): Nhit vn hnh vo khong 1.000 - 15.000F (540 - 8.300C) hoc cao hn. in tr, cm ng in, kh t nhin hoc nng lng plasma cung cp nhit cao. Nhit cao lm thay i tnh cht l ha ca cht thi, t cht hu c thnh cht v c v tiu hy hon ton cht thi ng thi lm thay i ln v trng lng v th tch cht thi. Quy trnh nhit thp cn c thm thit b ct, xay lm gim th tch v bin dng cht thi, th tch cht thi c th gim t 60 - 70%. Quy trnh nhit cao c th gim th tch n 90-95%. Xu hng chung v kh nng ng dng cng ngh khng t Vit Nam Vic p dng cc cng ngh thay th cho cng ngh t nc ta l rt cn thit, ph hp vi xu hng chung hin nay ca th gii, thc hin cc cam kt gim pht thi cc cht nhim hu c kh phn hy, BVMT v sc khe con ngi. Thng 8/2004, trong ti liu "Chnh sch qun l an ton cht thi y t", WHO a ra cc chnh sch nhm khuyn co cc quc gia quan tm n qun l cht thi y t. C th nh: Qun l cht thi y t khng an ton gy t vong v tn tt, gy ri ro cho sc khe con ngi, c bit lo ngi v vic phi nhim vi dioxin v furan t kh thi l t cht thi rn y t; Cn nhng quyt
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nh ng n trong qun l cht thi y t; Ph hp vi Chin lc ca WHO (Pht trin cc ng dng ti ch cht thi ni c th ti ch c; S dng cc thit b y t khng c cha cht liu PVC; Khuyn khch s dng cc thit b nh thay th cho phng php thiu t; Pht trin v ng dng cc cng ngh khng t x l cht thi rn y t; Xy dng v trin khai thc hin k hoch, chnh sch, lut php v hng dn qun l cht thi y t; Phn b ngun nhn lc, ti chnh cho qun l an ton cht thi y t). Hin nay, M v EU ang p dng chun STAATT (Tiu chun ca Hip hi lin bang v cc cng ngh x l thay th) nh gi hiu lc kh khun, trong cp III c coi l chun mc ti thiu, mc gim 6 Log 10 tng ng vi xc sut sng st 1/1 triu ca vi sinh vt hay gim 99,9999% vi sinh vt do qu trnh x l. Theo kinh nghim ca M v cc nc chu u, cc yu t phi c xem xt khi la chn cng ngh gm: Cng sut x l; Loi cht thi c x l; Hiu lc kh khun; Pht thi ra mi trng v phn cn li ca cht thi; Chp nhn ca c quan qun l; Yu cu khng gian, cng trnh ph v lp t khc; Mc gim bt khi lng v th tch cht thi; An ton ngh nghip v bo h lao ng; n v mi; T ng ha v n nh; Mc thng mi ha v tnh trng ca nh sn xut/ngi bn; Chp nhn ca cng ng v b my qun l. Vic p dng cng ngh kh khun s mang li nhiu li ch v kinh t, mi trng v qun l v chi ph u t v vn hnh r hn phng php thiu t; khng pht sinh kh thi c hi, c bit l dioxin v furan; khng pht sinh tro x c hi cha kim loi nng; cht thi sau khi kh khun c chn lp nh cht thi thng thng; kim sot cht lng kh khun, iu ny ngnh y t hon ton c th lm ch v thc hin c v cc bnh vin ln u c khoa vi sinh, thun tin v tnh kh thi cao hn so vi vic kim sot kh thi l t cht thi rn y t. Hin nay, Vit Nam vn cha c thit b o c nng dioxin trong kh thi, gi thnh xt nghim mu rt cao nu phi gi i xt nghim nc ngoi; kinh nghim kh khun, tit khun dng c y t, vi trong ngnh y t s rt hu ch trong vic qun l thit b kh khun cht thi rn y t nu thit b ny do bnh vin qun l v vn hnh. V cng ngh khng t, n nay c 13 bnh vin, vin, trung tm y t p dng cng ngh vi sng p sut thng v p sut cao x l cht thi ly nhim trong c nc. Nh vy, cc c s y t trong nhng nm qua c bc tip cn vi cng ngh khng t v mang li kt qu ban u ng khch l. Vit Nam cn tip tc trin khai mt s d n p dng cng ngh khng t trong x l cht thi y t. Vic la chn cng ngh nn tham kho kinh nghim ca M v chu u vi cc tiu ch trn. Bn cnh , cc nh sn xut cng nghip ca Vit Nam cng cn c chin lc nghin cu, pht trin cc cng ngh ny c th lin doanh, chuyn giao cng ngh hoc t sn xut nhm bt kp vi xu hng chung ca th gii. I. Cc bnh vin p dng cng ngh vi sng p sut cao 1. Trung tm Y t VietSov, Lin doanh Du kh Vit X ti Vng Tu. Nm 2003 2. Bnh vin 19-8, B Cng An, H Ni. Nm 2009 3. Bnh vin 199, B Cng An, Nng. Nm 2009 4. Bnh vin Phi Trung ng, B Y t, H Ni. Nm 2009 5. Bnh vin C Nng, B Y t, Nng. Nm 2009 6. Bnh vin Y hc C truyn, B Cng An, H Ni. Nm 2010 7. Bnh vin Bnh Nhit i Trung ng, B Y t, H Ni. Nm 2010 8. Bnh vin Vit Nam - Thy in Ung B, B Y t, Qung Ninh. Nm 2010
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9. Bnh vin Hu Ngh Vit Nam - Cu Ba ng Hi, B Y t, Qung Bnh. Nm 2010 10. Bnh vin GTVT Hu, B GTVT, Hu. Nm 2011 11. Bnh vin a khoa s 1 Lo Cai, Lo Cai. Nm 2010 II. Cc bnh vin p dng cng ngh vi sng p sut thng 1. Vin V sinh dch t Ty Nguyn, B Y t, c Lc. Nm 2010 2. Bnh vin GTVT Yn Bi, B GTVT, Yn Bi. Nm 2011 8.8 Vn hnh v bo dng

D n s thc hin cc bin php m bo vn hnh v bo dng hp l cc cng ngh u t. Trong hp phn 2, d n s cung cp kinh ph cho cc bnh vin vn hnh h thng x l cht thi rn v lng trong vng 1 nm sau khi u t. Kinh ph h tr ny s gip bnh vin chi tr cc chi ph cho o to v vn hnh v bo dng; nhin liu, in, v vt t tiu hao cn thit. Nh cung cp cng ngh chu trch nhim bo hnh t nht 2 nm v bo tr t nht 2 nm. Trong tiu hp phn 1.1, nh mc kinh ph s c iu chnh v cc hng dn c xy dng nhm bo m vn hnh v bo dng hp l cng ngh. 8.9 An ton lao ng v phng tin phng h c nhn

Thnh phn 1 s chun b cc hng dn v an ton lao ng trong qun l cht thi trong cc c s y t v cung cp cc kha o to. Vi ngun vn trong hp phn 2, cc bnh vin d n s xy dng cc s tay, hng dn qun l cht thi ca ring bnh vin v tp hun cho nhn vin y t v cc vn an ton lao ng. Hp phn 2 cng s cung cp ngun lc mua sm phng tin phng h c nhn cho cc nhn vin tham gia vo thu gom, vn chuyn, lu gi, x l v tiu hy cht thi y t. Phng tin phng h c nhn cho cc bnh vin khc nhau c trnh by trong danh mc cng ngh v tnh ton chi ph. o to v s dng phng tin phng h c nhn trong hu cn ni b c lng ghp vo trong cc lp tp hun c bn dnh cho nhn vin h tr, trong khi , o to s dng phng tin phng h c nhn trong vn chuyn bn ngoi, x l, tiu hy c lng ghp trong o to chuyn giao cng ngh do nh cung cp chu trch nhim. D n cng t chc mt lot cc chin dch truyn thng tng cng nhn thc trong cng ng tp trung vo tm quan trng ca qun l v gim thiu cht thi y t. Tiu hp phn 1.1 s h tr xy dng cc phng tin truyn thng v phng tin tham kho (tiu chun v yu cu k thut; tm tt cc chnh sch v quy nh; s tay qun l cht thi y t v.v) ph bin rng ri chnh sch v thc hnh tt.

8.10

Nng lc th ch Chnh sch v theo di

D n h tr B Y t (vi u mi l VIHEMA) thit k, trin khai chng trnh o to truyn thng v qun l cht thi y t (tiu hp phn 1.1) v chng trnh quan trc mi trng y t (tiu hp phn 1.3). Mc tiu chnh ca hai tiu hp phn ny l trang b cho cc c quan c chc nng ra quy nh v gim st qun l cht thi y t y k nng, kin thc, ngun nhn lc, c cu t chc v cng ngh/h tng c s thc hin chc nng ca mnh nh c quy nh trong cc vn bn php lut v quy nh. Tiu hp phn 2 s h tr mt lot cc hot ng o to cho cc nhm chuyn mn khc nhau. D n s h tr ti chnh thu tr gip k thut quc t xy dng ti liu o to i vi cc ni dung nu trn. Cc Y t Mi trng thuc B Y t s chu trch nhim iu phi chung cc hot ng ny. m bo lun chuyn nhanh v hiu qu cc hot ng o to, d n s bt u o to ging vin (ToT) v cc ni dung nu trn. D n s h tr cho cc t chc tham gia cc phng tin o to, thit b v vt t cn thit h c th t chc v thc hin o to. D n cng h tr kinh ph cho chuyn gia t vn ngn hn (h tr hnh chnh) gip cc t chc tham gia trong vic t chc cc hot ng o to.

Cng ngh

Cn c cng ngh v c s h tng a ra quy nh v gim st hiu qu cc gii php cng nh vic tun th v qun l cht thi y t. . Hp phn 1.3 s h tr u t nng cp c s vt cht phng th nghim v cc phn cng phc v cng tc gim st ti cc cp trung ng v tnh.

H thng thng tin

Hp phn 1.3 s h tr xy dng mt c s d liu trc tuyn, bao gm cc thng tin v phng php thc hnh qun l cht thi y t ti cc bnh vin trn c nc, thc trng v vic tun th cc tiu chun v yu cu k thut, loi cng ngh x l cht thi ang p dng, v s liu thng k v tc ng mi trng ca qun l cht thi. Vic xy dng mt c s d liu trc tuyn nh vy s ci thin tnh hiu qu gim st, ci thin thng tin lin lc gia cc c quan n v, v s gim bt khi lng cng vic ca cc c quan gim st do trnh c nhng trng lp v cng tc gim st gia cc c quan. D n s h tr k thut xy dng phn mm c s d liu trc tuyn, t chc o to v cch thc vn hnh v s dng c s d liu.

Cc bnh vin

Hp phn 2 ca d n h tr nng cao nng lc qun l cht thi cho cc bnh vin tuyn trung ng v tuyn tnh. Cc gii php bao gm (i) K hoch v s tay qun l cht thi; (ii) o to; (iii) Truyn thng; (iv) theo di v gim st.
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PH LC 1 HNG DN LA CHN CNG NGH X L CHT THI RN Y T I. X l v tiu hy cht thi rn y t 1. Theo quy ch qun l cht thi y t ban v vn bn s 7164/BYT-KCB ngy 20/10/2008 ca B trng B Y t, cc bnh vin v c s y t c php p dng mt trng cc m hnh x l nh sau: - thnh ph trc thuc trung ng ni tp trung nhiu bnh vin v c s t, iu kin giao thong thun li, bnh vin c th p dng m hnh x l cht thi rn nguy hi tp trung, mt c s x l tt c cht thi y t nguy hi trong thnh ph gim chi ph u t v vn hnh. - cc tnh v thnh ph khc, bnh vin c th p dng m hnh x l theo cm x l cht thi rn nguy hi cho cc bnh vin, c s y t nm trong hoc xung quanh thnh ph hoc th trn (khong cch ti c s x l di 30 km). - Bnh vin, c s y t khu vc xa xi, giao thng kh khn c th p dng m hnh x l ti ch vi cng ngh ph hp. 2. M hnh x l tp trung ang p dng ti H Ni, thnh ph H Ch Minh v mt s tnh khc. Bnh vin k hp ng vi cng ty qun l cht thi y t (URENCO H Ni v CITENCO thnh ph H Ch Minh) vn chuyn v x l tp trung cht thi rn nguy hi. M hnh ny chng minh c hiu qu, tit kim chi ph u t v vn hnh v gim nhim mi trng. cc tnh khc, m hnh x l theo cm thng c p dng cho cc bnh vin v c s y t tuyn tnh trung tm tnh, cc bnh vin lin huyn, bnh vin huyn, phng khm a khoa khu vc, v trm y t x thng c l t quy m nh. 3. Mt tnh tham gia vo d n cn phi xy dng k hoch qun l cht thi y t ca tnh. K hoch ny s phn tch thc trng v la chn m hnh ph hp nht x l cht thi y t nguy hi trong tnh. Mu k hoch qun l cht thi y t tnh c tnh by trong ph lc 4. II. Cc phng n cng ngh II.A: Thiu t 4. B trng B Y t c cng vn s 7164/BYT-KCB ngy 20/10/2008 yu cu cc bnh vin hn ch lp t l t mi, cung cp thit b kim sot nhim khng kh cho l t hin c v khuyn khch ng dng cng ngh khng t than thin vi mi trng. Theo d tho Chin lc qun l cht thi y t, cng ngh x l rc thi y t cn than thin vi mi trng, c th loi tr c mm bnh trong cht thi ly nhim v khng gy ra nhim th pht. 5. Chnh ph Vit Nam ban hnh nhiu tiu chun v l t cht thi rn y t, trong c TCVN 7380:2004: l t cht thi rn y t - yu cu k thut; TCVN 7381:2004: l t cht thi rn y t - phng php nh gi v thm
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nh; QCVN 02:2008/BTNMT: quy chun quc gia yu cu k thut ca kh thi l t cht thi rn y t. 6. Chi ph vn hnh l t ti ch l tn km, trong khi chi ph vn chuyn ra ngoi v x l theo cm li da trn tha thun gia cc bnh vin. II.B Cc cng ngh khng t 7. Trong khun kh d n, cc cng ngh khng t c th c la chn bao gm: Kh khun nhit t (thit b hp), vi sng, kh khun ha hc x l cht thi ly nhim; My nghin lm gim th tch cht thi; My ct hoc my hy kim tim; H chn xi mng dnh cho cht thi sc nhn v cht thi gii phu; ng rn, bao gi p dng cho cht thi ha hc v cht thi dc phm; Lu gi an ton phn hy cht thi phng x; Tr li nh cung cp cht thi ha hc hoc bnh cha kh nn. K hp ng vi n v c giy php vn chuyn v x l bn ngoi.

8. Mt cng ngh khng t chi ph hp vi mt s loi cht thi nht nh, nh m t trong Bng 4, trong khi Bng 5 a ra mt s u im ca tng cng ngh. V th, bnh vin cn phi hp nhiu cng ngh khng t x l an ton tt c cc loi cht thi bnh vin. Quy ch Qun l cht thi nguy hi (ban hnh km theo quyt nh s 43/2007/QD-BYT ngy 30/11/2007 ca B Y t) v cc Hng dn qun l cht thi y t ca WHO a ra gi v nhng cng ngh khng t c th p dng c cho nhng loi cht thi y t khc nhau. 9. Chi ph u t ca cc cng ngh thay i ty thuc loi cng ngh, mc tinh vi trong vn hnh v thi im u t. Chi ph vn hnh tng i thp, v bao gm chi ph cho tiu th in, nc, ti ng v nhn cng. Cc cng ngh n gin nh my ct kim tim, my hy kim tim, h chn xi mng c chi ph vn hnh thp. 10. Mi bnh vin trong d n cn chun b mt K hoch qun l cht thi y t trong m t c im ca bnh vin, nhng loi cht thi pht sinh, cc cng ngh x l c la chn km theo cu hnh ph hp. Cc my ct, hy kim tim v cc gii php thay th rt cn thit cho qun l vt sc nhn trong bnh vin v phi c duy tr tt c cc bnh vin.

Bng 4: Cc phng php x l v tiu hy cht thi y t L t nhit phn Cht thi ly nhim Sc nhn Khng sc nhn Ly nhim cao Gii phu Cht thi ha hc Dc phm Gy c t bo Ha cht nguy hi Cht thi phng x Bnh cha kh nn C C C C L hp (kh khun nhit ) C C C Khng Khng Khng Khng Khng Khng Kh Kh Chn lp ng Trung Khc khun vi khun an ton rn ha sng ha hc C C C Khng Khng Khng Khng Khng Khng C C C Khng Khng Khng Khng Khng Khng C C C C C Khng Khng Khng C Khng Khng Khng Khng Khng Khng Khng Khng -

S lng nh Khng S lng nh Khng Khng

Tr nh C C cung cp Tr nh C C cung cp Tr nh Khng C cung cp Lu gi Khng Khng bn hy Tr nh Khng Khng cung cp

Bng 5: u nhc im chnh ca cc cng ngh x l cht thi y t Cng ngh u im Cng ngh khng t My ct kim tim - Ngn nga ti s dng kim tim - D vn hnh, chi ph thp - Xi lanh c th ti ch My hy kim tim - Kh khun v ph hy kim tim bng in - D vn hnh, chi ph thp - Xi lanh c th ti ch ng rn - C th p dng cho cht thi ha hc v cht thi dc phm - D vn hnh, chi ph thp H chn xi mng - C th p dng cho cht thi sc nhn v cht thi bnh phm - D vn hnh, chi ph thp Chn lp hp v sinh - Tng i an ton nu hn ch c tip cn v thm thu qua thnh h chn - Chi ph u t v vn hnh thp Nhc im - Kim tim cn c x l tip sau khi ct v phn loi - Cn c in - Gc kim tim vn cn sau khi hy - Khng p dng cho cc loi cht thi khc - i hi t v khong trng - Tim n nguy c gy nhim nc ngm nu thit kt v xy dng khng m bo - Ch p dng cho bnh vin min ni hoc nng thn Chi ph (thi im 2010) - Chi ph u t: 2-80 USD - Vn hnh c 200,000 ln ct - Chi ph u t: 100 150 USD - Chi ph u t cho xi mng v ct - Chi ph u t: 100200 USD/m3 - Chi ph u t: nhn cng, mi che, hng ro

Kh khun bng - Hiu sut kh khun cao hi nc (l hp) - Gim c th tch cht thi nu c my nghin - Chi ph vn hnh thp - Thn thin vi mi trng - Cng ngh ph bin trong bnh vin Kh khun bng - Hiu sut kh khun cao vi sng - Gim c th tch cht thi nu c my nghin - Chi ph vn hnh thp - Thn thin vi mi trng

- Khng ph hp i vi cht thi gii phu, cht thi dc phm v cht thi ha hc v nhng cht thi khng th hp - i hi nhn cng c trnh - Chi ph u t cao, i hi ti chu nhit - Khng ph hp i vi cht thi gii phu, cht thi dc phm v cht thi ha hc v nhng cht thi khng th hp - i hi nhn cng c trnh - Chi ph u t cao, i hi ti
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- Chi ph u t: 500 50,000 USD - Chi ph vn hnh: 0.33 USD/kg

- Chi ph u t: 70,000 50,000 USD - Chi ph vn hnh: 0.33 USD/kg

Kh khun bng - Hiu sut kh khun cao hi nc kt hp - Gim c th tch cht thi nu vi sng c my nghin - Chi ph vn hnh thp - Thn thin vi mi trng Kh khun ha hc - Hiu sut kh khun cao, c bit l cht thi ly nhim dng lng - Gim th tch cht thi nu km theo my nghin - Mt s ha cht kh khun khng t Cng ngh thiu t L t mt bung - Hiu sut kh khun tt - Gim ng k th tch v khi lng cht thi - Khng cn cng nhn vn hnh c trnh L t hai bung - Ph hp vi tt c cht thi ly (l t nhit nhim, hu ht cht thi ha hc phn) v cht thi dc phm - Gim ng k khi lng v th tch cht thi

chu nhit - Khng ph hp i vi cht thi gii phu, cht thi dc phm v cht thi ha hc v nhng cht thi khng th hp - i hi nhn cng c trnh - Chi ph u t cao, i hi ti chu nhit - Khng ph hp i vi cht thi gii phu, cht thi sc nhn, cht thi dc phm v cht thi ha hc - i hi nhn cng c trnh - Ha cht nguy hi c th gy nhim mi trng - Pht sinh kh thi gy nhim khng kh - Khng hiu qu i vi cc ha cht v thuc chu c nhit cao - Khng ph hy c ton b cht thi gy c t bo - Chi ph u t tng i cao - Chi ph vn hnh cao - i hi cng nhn c trnh - Pht sinh kh thi gy nhim khng kh nu vn hnh v bo dng khng m bo

- Chi ph u t: 180,000 250,000 USD - Chi ph vn hnh: 0.33 USD/kg

- Chi ph vn hnh cho ha cht kh khun

- Chi ph u t: 1000 15000 USD - Chi ph vn hnh: 0.6 USD/kg hoc t hn - Chi ph u t: 20,000 100,000 USD - Chi ph vn hnh: 0.6 USD/kg hoc t hn

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l t cht thi rn cng nghip c hi VHI-18B

Cc nh khoa hc Vin cng ngh mi trng - Vin Khoa hc v Cng ngh Vit Nam ch to thnh cng l t cht thi rn cng nghip c hi VHI-18B, kh thi cu l t t tiu chun Vit Nam TCVN 6560-1999. VHI -18B c cng sut Q = 5kg/gi ph hp vi lng cht thi rn y t ca bnh vin c t 50 -100 ging bnh vi gi thnh thp hn mt na so vi cng ngh ngoi nhp. Ngoi ra cn c cc loi l cng sut Q = 10kg/gi ph hp vi bnh vin c 200 -300 ging bnh, cng sut Q = 20kg/gi ph hp bnh vin c 300 -500 ging bnh. L t VHI -18B c cng sut ln thch hp x l cht thi rn cng nghip c hi ca cc nh my, x nghip v khu cng nghip, nh b thi sn, mc in, cao su da giy. L t VHI -18B c thit k theo nguyn l t a vng vi h thng bung t s cp v th cp. y cng l nguyn l c s dng rng ri trn th gii trong x l cht thi rn c hi. Cht thi c a vo bung s cp c nhit duy tr khong 500800 C. Cc sn phm chy khng hon ton s tip tc c t chy, phn hu nhit t 1050 1200 C trong bung th cp. Kh thi s c lm lnh nhanh xung di nhit 200 C, trnh c nguy c ti sinh Dioxin. c bit h thng l t VHI -18B cn c bm ejiector to p sut m cho bung t hot ng n nh trong qu trnh thiu t. Vic nghin cu bt u c tin hnh vo nm 2002, sau c trin khai ng dng vo thc t t nm 2003. Hin nay, l t VHI -18B c chuyn giao v lp t ti 15 c s y t trn c nc nh Bnh vin a khoa tnh Ninh Thun, Bc Kn, cc Bnh vin Lao phi cc tnh Thi Nguyn, Bc Ninh, Mai Sn - Sn La, Bnh vin 71 TW Thanh Ha, cc Trung tm y t huyn Qu V, Lng Ti, Gia Bnh tnh Bc Ninh, Sa Thy , c H, tnh Kon Tum v Nh my In tin Quc gia.

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L t cht thi rn VHI-18B c lp t ti Bnh vin C Thi Nguyn

L t cht thi rn VHI-18B ca Vin Cng ngh mi trng - Vin Khoa hc v Cng ngh Vit Nam c tng Cp vng ti hi ch Trin lm mi trng Vit Nam nm 2006. Ngun tin: Vin Cng ngh Mi trng

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Cty c phn FBE VN - TP HCM gii thiu L t rc y t Lody - 25 cng sut 400 kg/ngy v Lody - 65 cng sut 1.000 kg/ngy. Vi nhiu tnh nng v thng s k thut vt tri so vi tt c cc l c VN t trc n nay, trong khi gi thnh ch bng 1/4 gi nhp ngoi ( 285 triu ng). Lody - 25 c kiu dng cng nghip hin i, cu to gn, gin tin trong lp t v vn hnh, c iu khin t ng hon ton t ch t chy nguyn liu n cp kh trong qu trnh nhit phn. c bit cc chuyn gia ch to cn nghin cu lp t thm cc thit b cnh bo, nhc nh ngi vn hnh trong qu trnh x l. Lody - 25 c kim nghim qua thc t bi cc cty x l cht thi TP HCM, B Ra - Vng Tu, ng Nai... Lody - 25 c Ban t chc Hi ch DN VN hng ti ngn nm Thng Long H Ni trao tng Huy chng Vng v mt s n v tnh, thnh trong nc t hng. Theo cc chuyn gia v y t v mi trng th l t rc ny rt thch hp vi vic x l rc thi cc bnh vin VN trong iu kin cha phn loi k v c m cao.

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