1.

CW Laser : Cc yu cu i vi mt ngun quang s dng trong h thng thng tin quang l : - C kch thuc nh tng ng vi si quang c th ghp nh sng vo trong si quang. L tng, nh sng ng ra ca ngun quang phi c tnh nh hng cao. - Thu nhn tn hiu in ng vo mt cch chnh xc gim s mo dng v nhiu ln tn hiu. L tng, ngun quang phi tuyn tnh. - Pht ra nh sng c bc sng ph hp vi vng bc sng m si quang c suy hao thp v tn sc thp, ng thi linh kin thu quang hot ng hiu qu ti cc bc sng ny. - C kh nng iu ch tn hiu mt cch n gin (v d nh iu ch trc tip) trn di tn rng tri di t tn s m thanh ti di tn gigahezt. - Hiu sut ghp quang tt gim suy hao ghp t ngun quang vo trong si quang. - rng ph hp gim tn sc trong si quang - Duy tr mc cng sut ng ra n nh v khng b nh hng nhiu bi cc yu t mi trng bn ngoi. - Gi thnh thp v c tin cy cao cnh tranh vi cc k thut truyn dn khc. Nguyn l hot ng ca Laser da trn hai hin tng:
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Hin tng pht x kch thch: to ra s khuch i nh sng trong Laser. Khi xy ra hin tng pht x kch thch, photon nh sng kch thch in t vng dn to ra mt photon th hai. Hai photon ny tip tc qu trnh pht x kch thch to ra nhiu photon hn na theo cp s nhn. Cc photon ny c to ra c tnh kt hp (cng tn s, cng pha, cng hng v cng phn cc). Nh vy, nh sng kt hp c khuch i. Hin tng cng hng ca sng nh khi lan truyn trong

laser: qu trnh chn lc tn s (hay bc sng) nh sng. Theo , ch nhng sng nh sng c tn s (hay bc sng) tha iu kin v pha ca hc cng hng th mi c th lan truyn v cng hng trong hc cng hng c. Nh vy, s sng nh sng (c bc sng khc nhau) do laser FabryPerot pht x b gii hn, lm gim rng ph laser so vi LED. 2. Mach-Zehnder Modulator Cc sng lin tc (CW) nh sng t laser iu ch l u vo cho cc b iu bin u tin (MZ) Mach-Zender, l tay li cho cc tn hiu ng h hoc ti tn s ng h y hoc mt na. Nu trc tip iu khin tn s ng h, b iu bin l thin v ti trung im ca n v c thc y ton on / off. Nu b iu bin tn s l li xe na ng h, b iu bin l thin v ti mt cao im hoc v gi tr, v c thc y gia hai trung im ln cn in p gp hai ln. (iu ny to ra mt tng gp i tn s ca ng h in na t l tn hiu quang tc y .) Tch laser c iu ch bn ngoi thng s dng laser u ra lin tc (CW) +Mach-Zehnder LiNbO3 bn ngoi b iu bin. B iu bin ny chia u vo nh sng thnh hai tn hiu bng nhau, tng ng, nhp hai ngnh. Hai ngnh s dng vt liu in quang c chit sut thay i vi ln ca cc tn hiu in t bn ngoi p dng cho n Mach-Zehnder Modulator (MZM) hay cn gi l Lithium niobate (LiNbO3) modulator c ch to bng vt liu Lithium niobate c cu trc Mach-Zehnder nh hnh 41. Chit sut ca lithium niobate ph thuc vo in p phn cc. nh sng do laser pht ra khi i vo ng dn sng c chia lm hai phn bng nhau. Khi khng c in p phn cc, c hai na sng nh sng ti khng b dch pha. V vy, ng ra ca b iu ch sng nh sng kt hp c dng ca sng nh sng ban u. Khi c in p phn cc, mt na ca sng ti b dch pha +90o v chit sut ca mt nhnh ca ng dn sng gim, lm tng vn tc truyn nh sng v lm gim tr. Mt na kia ca sng ti nhnh cn li ca ng dn sng b dch pha -90o v chit sut tng, lm vn tc truyn nh sng gim v lm tng tr. Kt qu l, hai na sng nh sng ng ra ca MZM b

lch pha 180o v trit tiu ln nhau. Qua cho thy, cng tn hiu nh sng ng ra ca MZM c th c iu khin bng cch hiu chnh in p phn cc. Bng cch ny, bt k dch pha ca sng nh sng ti hai nhnh ca ng dn sng cng c th c hiu chnh.

Hnh 24. Nguyn l hot ng ca b iu ch ngai MZM: (a). Khng c in p phn cc (b). C in p phn cc iu ch ngai MZM ch yu uc s dng trong mng quang truyn hnh. MZM c mt s hn ch nh: suy hao xen cao (ln n 5dB) v in p iu ch tng i cao (ln n 10V). Ngai ra, s dng MZM cn c mt hn ch na l MZM l mt linh kin quang tch bit. Do MZM c ch to bi LiNbO3 khng phi cht bn dn nn khng th tch hp vi laser DFB trong mt chip. Nhng hn ch ny cua MZM c th c khc phc bi mt loi iu ch ngai khc: electroabsorption modulator (EA).

3. Pseudo-Random Bit Sequence Generator

4. NRZ Pulse Generator

Hu ht cc h thng truyn thng quang hc c trin khai hin nay s dng mt nh dng iu ch NRZ. iu ny c ngha rng mc logic vn mc cao khi mt lot cc "1" s xy ra. Ngc li, trong mt nh dng m ha RZ, khi

mt "1" xy ra, mc logic vn mc cao cho cht thi gian ch mt na (50% nhim v chu k), v sau ) tr thp (khng c nh sng. S khc bit gia NRZ v RZ m ha c th hin trong hnh 1 cho chui bit nh vy.

Dai bang tan truyen dan suy hao thap cua soi quang don mode ( DL = 200nm => suy hao <0,25 Db/Km, 400nm => <0,35 Db/Km

c bit ta c ba vng ca s thng dng l 850(8-900), 1310 (12601360)v 1550 nm(1430-1580)