I/Trong h thng in l tng th chng ta coi ch c p v dng sin vi tn s c bn ( VN l 50Hz) tuy nhin trong thc t do nh hng ca mt s nguyn nhn

VD nh s tham gia ca cc ti phi tuyn vo h thng (theo mnh y l nguyn nhn chnh) c bit l cc ti in t cng sut lm pht sinh ra cc sng sin c tn s l k50Hz trong k l cc s l 3, 5 ,7 , ... iu ny lm cho in p v dng in khng phi l hnh sin na m bin thin theo dng hm tun hon vy xin tr li mt s cu hi ca cc bn trn nh sau: - Th nht: sng hi bc cao ( 3, 5, 7, 9 ...) cng l cc sng sin, ch c iu in p v dng in trong h thng khng cn l sin na thi - Th hai: mnh xin k ra mt s nh hng ca sng hi + vi ng c sng hi s sinh ra cc mmen khng sinh cng gy ra tn hao v mt cng sut, ngoi ra n cn c th lm rung ng c + vi my bin p sng hi s gy tn hao cng sut di dng nhit + vi dy trung tnh trong h thng 3 pha 4 dy nu sng hi sut hin s lm cho h thng mt cn bng s lm cho dy trung tnh c dng in chy qua c th l dng rt ln gy ph hoi h thng + vi cc thit b o, cc h thng my tnh, cc ti i hi cht lng in p cao nu c sng hi bc cao c th s lm chng hot ng khng chnh xc + sng hi bc cao cn lm gim h s cng sut h thng v cn rt nhiu cc nh hng khc na mnh xin khng k ra na v bi vit kh di ri II/C th hiu mt cch n gin sng hi l mt sng nhiu . Trng hp l tng my pht in s pht ra dng sng hnh sin nhng trn thc t n pht ra dng sng mo m v ngi ta c th phn tch ci sng thc t thnh tng ca cc sng sin khc trong c sng bc 5. he h . mch kch thch ca my pht in ngi ta lc sng hi bng cch lp thm b lc RC nhm mc ch cung cp dng in sin nht cho b chnh lu thyristor, c c cht lng dng in chnh lu tt nht, dn n c dng

in kch thch phng nht, dn n c cht lng in p ra ca my pht tt nht tc l t mo m.

III/Sng hi l sng c tn s cao gp n ln tn s c bn. Mt tn hiu dao ng tun hon khng sin c th phn tch thnh cc thnh phn: 1/. Thnh phn khng i (trong k thut in t gi l thnh phn mt chiu). 2/. Thnh phn tn s c bn, v 3/. Cc sng hi. Trong k thut m thanh, th tn hiu m thanh c rt nhiu sng hi. Nh cc thnh phn sng hi khc nhau, m tai ta nghe phn bit c cc m sc khc nhau. Cc sng hi l sng hi t nhin. Tuy nhin trong k thut in t, ngi ta li quan nim sng hi theo mt khc. Nu ta a mt sng hnh sin (thnh phn s 1 v 3 =0) vo mt mch khuch i, th ty theo cht lng ca mch khuch i , m u rag s c thnh phn sng hi hay khng, nhiu hay t. S pht sinh sng hi trong mch khuch i thng do tnh phi tuyn ca mch to thnh. Th d tn hiu b bo ha (p hai nh dng, m) s sinh ra cc sng hi bc 3, 5, 7... Tn hiu b chnh lu (p 1 trong 2 nh) s sinh ra sng hi bc 2, 4, 6... V th, mo do sng hi thng c gi l mo phi tuyn. Mt s sng hi khc sinh ra do mo pha, nn xut hin cc dao ng tn s cao. Mt s do tc p ng ca linh kin.... Nhng cc nguyn nhn ny thng t nh hng. Ngoi ra c th c sng hi sinh ra bn ngoi mch khuch i. Th d do micro khng tuyn tnh s to sng hi ngay t t hiu ra.

Loa khng cng sut, phng nghe nhc thit k khng ng... khng to sng hi in, m to sng hi c, ngha l nghe... khng trung thc.

Hn ch sng hi - Gii php nng cao cht lng in li Sng hi l g? Sng hi l mt dng nhiu khng mong mun, nh hng trc tip ti cht lng li in v cn c ch ti khi tng cc dng in hi cao hn mc gii hn cho php. Dng in hi l dng in c tn s l bi ca tn s c bn. V d dng 250Hz trn li 50Hz l sng hi bc 5. Dng in 250Hz l dng nng lng khng s dng c vi cc thit b trn li. V vy, n s b chuyn ho sang dng nhit nng v gy tn hao.

Hiu ng ca sng hi Sng hi c th lm cho cp b qu nhit, ph hng cch in. ng c cng c th b qu nhit hoc gy ting n v s dao ng ca momen xon trn rotor dn ti s cng hng c kh v gy rung. T in qu nhit v trong phn ln cc trng hp c th dn ti ph hu cht in mi. Cc thit b hin th s dng in v n chiu sng c th b chp chn, cc thit b bo v c th ngt in, my tnh li (data network) v thit b o cho kt qu sai.

Dng hi c to ra nh th no? Dng in v in p hi c sinh ra bi cc ti phi tuyn ni vi h thng phn phi in. Ton b cc b bin i nng lng in s dng di cc dng khc nhau trong h thng in c th lm tng nhiu sng hi bng cch bm trc tip dng in hi vo li. Cc ti phi tuyn thng thng bao gm khi ng ng c, cc h truyn ng in, my tnh v cc thit b in t khc, n in t, ngun hn... Gii php gim nh hng pht x sng hi t cc b bin tn? Bn thn cc b bin c cha cc phn t phi tuyn l ngun gc gy ra sng hi. Tuy nhin, dng in hi nhiu hay t cn ph thuc vo cu trc ca h truyn ng v ti, nu s dng ng c ln (so vi bin p ngun) hay tng ti ng c u lm tng dng in hi. Do vy, gim c sng hi, buc cc nh sn xut cng nghip phi s dng cc b bin tn pht sng hi thp hoc s dng cc phng php lc ngoi. Trong , mun gim dng in hi phi tng in cm AC, DC hoc tng s van chnh lu trong b chnh lu v gim in p hi gy ra bi dng in hi phi tng cng sut bin p, gim tr khng bin p hay tng kh nng chu ngn mch ca ngun. Dng chnh lu 6 xung, 12 xung v 24 xung

Mch chnh lu trong cc bin tn 3 pha s dng cng ngh iu ch rng xung (PWM) thng thng l cu diode 6 van. Cc b chnh lu c c im l n gin, chc chn v r, nhng thnh phn u vo cha nhiu sng hi bc thp.

Cu chnh lu diode 12 van c to ra bng cch ni song song hai b chnh lu 6 van, n cho ra dng in trn hn cu 6 van. Tng t, b chnh lu 24 van c to ra n gin t vic ghp bn b 6 van vi nhau. S dng cu IGBT (Integrated Gate Bipolar Thyristor) Mt b bin i tch cc IGBT c th dng chnh lu in p xoay chiu u vo. N s gip lm ci thin h s cng sut, gim sng hi v mang li nhiu li ch nh: An ton c khi mt ngun; iu khin chnh xc ton di trong ch chnh lu v ti sinh; cho php tr ngc nng lng v li; dng in cung cp c dng sng gn sin vi thnh phn hi nh. IGBT c t thnh phn hi thp tn s thp, nhng li tng cao tn s cao hn; c kh nng nng in p. Khi in p ngun b gim xung, in p mt chiu DC c th c khuych ln gi cho in p ng c cao hn in p ngun cung cp. Phng php gim thiu sng hi B bin i gim thiu sng hi ca ABB cung cp gii php h thp sng hi mt cch n gin hp nht trong bin tn. Nhng bin tn y s dng cng ngh gim sng hi m khng cn dng ti b lc ngoi hay bin p a xung. Cc bin tn gim thiu sng hi sinh ra cc thnh phn hi bc thp pha u vo vi tng dng mo thp hn 5%. V vy, bin tn gim thiu sng hi ca ABB cung cp gii php n gin, gi thnh thp tho mn cc tiu chun nghim ngt v cht lng ngun. Nng cao cht lng in li Trong bin tn vi cu diode 6 xung, dng in pha li l khng sin v cha cc thnh phn song hi, c bit l thnh phn bc 5 v bc 7. N c biu hin bng kiu dng mo, c th ti 30-50%. Trong bin tn gim thiu sng hi ca ABB, vic s dng phng php DTC (Direct Torque Control) v b lc s lm dng in hi gim nh hn

5%. Kt qu l dng in hnh sin lm cho hnh dng ca in p li gn nh khng mo.

Dng dng in pha li khi dng b bin i gim thiu sng hi KS Nguyn Khc im - Trung tm Thng tin in lc (EVN) Cn sm c quy nh kim sot sng hi L tng m ni, dng in xoay chiu trn li in ca cc cng ty in lc cung cp cho cc h tiu th phi l hnh sin. Tuy nhin, s tn ti cc phn t phi tuyn trn li in ca nh cung cp cng nh v pha ph ti lm xut hin cc sng hi, nh hng n tnh nng vn hnh ca li in v thit b. Cc phn t phi tuyn in hnh l li thp ca my bin p, ng c (c tnh bo ho ca vt liu st t), cc dng c bn dn cng sut nh it, tiristo ca cc b bin i. Thng th sng hi bc 3 trit tiu c nh cun dy u tam gic trong my bin p (cng vi l tn tht in nng), song cc sng hi bc l khc (gi tr ln nht l bc 5 v bc 7) vn lan truyn theo ng dy, gy tn tht in nng, tc ng xu n s vn hnh ca cc thit b, nht l cc ng c ba pha... cha k cc sng hi bc cao hn c th gy sng in t lan truyn trong khng gian, nh hng n cc thit b thu pht sng rai. Chnh v vy, khi u t xy dng cng trnh cn chn loi thit b t gy sng hi v s dng cc phng tin b sung gim thiu sng hi. ng thi, v pha cc c quan qun l nh nc, cng nn xem xt v sm c quy nh c th

kim sot sng hi. Theo EVN

Thy in A Vng: http://www.avuong.com/Tint%E1%BB %A9c/Tint%E1%BB%A9cchiti%E1%BA %BFt/tabid/71/ArticleID/916/CBModuleId/591/Default.aspx

CNG TRNH THY IN A VNG Cng trnh thy in A Vng thuc huyn ng Giang, tnh Qung Nam, cch thnh ph Nng khong 100km. D n Thu in A Vng c tng vn u t trn 3800 t ng, khi cng xy dng thng 8/2003, pht in t my 1 ngy 11/10/2008 v pht in t my 2 vo ngy 28/12/2008. Nh my c tng cng sut 210 MW gm 2 t my, in lng bnh qun hng nm l 815 triu KWh. Cc hng mc chnh ca cng trnh u nm v tr him tr, c a cht c bit.

Th tng Nguyn Tn Dng d l khi cng xy dng NMT A Vng D n thu in A Vng l mt trong nhng d n thu in bc thang trn h thng sng V Gia-Thu Bn. Do tim nng tch nc ca h cha nn d n c kh nng cung cp iu tit lng in hng nm. Cng trnh c 1 ngha ln i vi s pht trin kinh t x hi ca t nc ni chung, ca tnh Qung Nam v min Ty Tnh Qung Nam ni ring.