THI TH

TRNG THPT THANH BNH 2

THAM IHO S

I H C NM 2011

Mn: Ton, khi A

Thi gian lm bi: 180 pht (khng k thi gian pht )

16

I. PHN CHUNG CHO TT C CC TH SINH (7 im)

Cu I (2 im):
Cho hm s y = x3 - 3 x 2 + m 2 x + m (m l tham s) (1)
1). Kho st s bin thin v v th ( C ) ca hm s khi m = 0 .
2). Tm m th hm s (1) c cc i v cc tiu ng thi hai im i xng nhau qua ng
thng ( d ) : x - 2 y - 5 = 0 .
Cu II (2 im):

x 2 y + xy 2 = 6
1). Gii h phng trnh
.
2
2
x + y = 5
2). Gii phng trnh: sin 2 x (1 + tan x ) = 3sin x ( cos x - sin x ) + 3 .
Cu III (1 im):
p

Tnh tch phn: I =

sin x - cos x
dx
1 + sin 2 x

Cu IV (1 im):
Cho hnh hp ch nht ABCD.ABCD c AB = a, BC = 2a, AA = a. Ly im M trn cnh AD sao
cho AM = 3MD. Tnh th tch khi chp M.ABC v khong cch t M n mp(ABC).
Cu V (1 im):
Cho x, y, z l ba s thc tho mn cc iu kin sau: x + y + z = 0 ; x + 1 > 0 ; y + 1 > 0 ; z + 1 > 0 .
Tm gi tr ln nht ca biu thc : Q =

x
y
z
+
+
x +1 y +1 z +1

II. PHN RING (3 im)

Th sinh ch c lm mt trong hai phn (phn 1 hoc 2)
1. Theo chng trnh Chun
Cu VI.a (2 im)
1. Trong mt phng Oxy cho ng trn x 2 + y 2 + 2 x - 6 y + 6 = 0 v im M ( -2;2 ) . Vit phng
trnh ng thng i qua M ct ng trn ti 2 im A, B sao cho M l trung im ca on AB .
2. Trong khng gian Oxyz cho A(6; 2;3), B(0;1;6), C(2;0; 1), D(4,1,0).
Chng minh bn im A, B, C, D khng ng phng. Tnh chiu cao DH ca t din ABCD.
Cu VII.a (1 im)
Gii phng trnh 3x.2 x = 3x + 2 x + 1 .
2. Theo chng trnh Nng cao
Cu VI.b (2 im)
1. Cho ng thng ( d ) : x - 2 y - 2 = 0 v hai im A ( 0;1) , B ( 3;4 ) . Hy tm to im M trn
(d) sao cho 2MA2 + MB 2 c gi tr nh nht.
2. Cho hai mt phng (P): 2x y 2z + 3 = 0 v (Q): 2x 6y + 3z 4 = 0. Vit phng trnh mt cu (S) c
tm nm trn ng thng D :
Cu VII.b (1 im)

x y+3 z
=
= ng thi tip xc vi c hai mt phng (P) v (Q).
1
-1 2
n

Tm s hng cha x 2 trong khai trin biu thc 1 - x2 + x3 , bit n l s t nhin tha mn h thc
x

Cnn--46

+ nAn2

= 454
- - - HT - - -

Cu
I

P N BIU IM
Ni dung li gii vn tt

im
2
1

1
Vi m = 0 ta c hm s: y = x3 - 3 x 2
Tp xc nh:
y = 3 x 2 - 6 x = 3 x ( x - 2 )
y = 0 x = 0; x = 2

0.25

Gii hn : lim x3 - 3x 2 = + ; lim x3 - 3 x 2 = -

x+

Bng bin thin

x -
y
+
y

0
0
0

x -

2
0

-4

+
+

0.5

-
th:
- Giao vi trc Ox ti: O ( 0;0 ) , A ( 3;0 )
2

0.25

-2

-4

Cch 1: y = 3 x 2 - 6 x + m 2 , D = 9 - 3m 2
iu kin cn v hm s c cc i v cc tiu l
D > 0 9 - 3m 2 > 0 - 3 < m < 3
ng thng i qua hai im cc tr ca th hm s c phng trnh
2m 2

m2
- 2 x +
+m.
( d ) : y =
3
3

tm ( d ) ta chia y cho y v vit y v dng:

y ( x ) = y ( x ) .q ( x ) + r ( x )

Gi x1 , x2 l honh cc cc tr ta c: y ( x1 ) = y ( x2 ) = 0 .
Nn tung cc cc tr tha:
y1 = y ( x1 ) = y ( x1 ) .q ( x1 ) + r ( x1 ) y1 = r ( x1 ) ;
y2 = y ( x2 ) = y ( x2 ) .q ( x2 ) + r ( x2 ) y2 = r ( x2 ) .

Tc l ta cc im cc tr tha mn p/trnh y = r ( x ) , chnh l

p/trnh /thng i qua 2 cc tr (V r ( x ) l biu thc bc nht theo x)

1
0.25

0.25

 iu kin cn hai im cc i, cc tiu i xng nhau qua

2m 2
1
1
5

- 2 . = -1 m 2 = 0 m = 0
( d ) : y = x - l ( d ) ^ ( d )
2
2
3
2

0.25

tiu B ( 2; -4 ) .

0.25

iu kin (th li xem ( d ) c i qua trung im ca hai im cc tr

hay khng):
Vi m = 0 ta c hm s: y = x3 - 3 x 2 c im cc i l O ( 0;0 ) , im cc
Trung im ca OB l I (1; -2 ) thuc ( d ) .

Vy O v B i xng nhau qua ( d ) . Do gi tr ca m tha mn ycbt l

m = 0.
Cch 2: Gi ( x1; y1 ) , ( x2 ; y2 ) ln lt l ta cc im cc tr.
ng thng i qua hai im cc tr ca th hm s c phng trnh
2m 2

m2
- 2 x +
+m.
( d ) : y =
3
3

2m 2

2m 2

m2
m2
Nn ta c y1 =
- 2 x1 +
+ m ; y2 =
- 2 x2 +
+m.
3
3
3

x +x
y + y2 2 m 2
m2
Suy ra 1
=
- 2 1 2 +
+ m.
2
3
2
3

V x1 , x2 l hai nghim ca p/trnh y = 3 x 2 - 6 x + m 2 = 0 nn theo /l

b
-6
Viet ta c x1 + x2 = - = = 2.
a
3
Ta trung im ca hai im cc tr
x1 + x2 2

x = 2 = 2 = 1

I
2
2
2

y = y1 + y2 = 2m - 2 x1 + x2 + m + m = 2m - 2 .1 + m + m

2
3
3
3
2
3

x = 1
I
2
y = m + m - 2
iu kin cn hai im cc i, cc tiu i xng nhau qua
( d ) : x - 2 y - 5 = 0 l I ( d ) 1 - 2 m2 + m - 2 - 5 = 0

m = 0
m2 + m = 0
m = -1
iu kin (th li xem /thng ni 2 cc tr c vung gc vi ( d ) ):
- Vi m = 0 : tha mn (theo cch 1)
- Vi m = -1 ta c hm s y = x3 - 3x 2 + x - 1
Hm s c hai cc tr v ng thng i qua 2 im cc tr ca th hm
2m 2

m2
4
2
s c p/trnh y =
- 2 x +
+ m = - x - . /thng ny c h s
3
3
3
3

4
1
5
1
gc k = - ; /thng ( d ) : y = x - c h s gc k = .
3
2
2
2
4 1
2
Ta c k .k = - . = - -1 nn ng thng ni hai cc tr khng vung
3 2
3
gc vi ( d ) . Do hai im cc tr khng i xng nhau qua ( d ) .
Vy trng hp m = -1 khng tha mn ycbt.
Tm li: m = 0
Cch 3: Dng im un (tm /xng ca th) v cn c th gii theo
cc cch khc.
II
1

x 2 y + xy 2 = 6 xy ( x + y ) = 6
2

2
2
x + y = 5 ( x + y ) - 2 xy = 5

P.S = 6
(1)
t S = x + y; P = xy . H tr thnh 2
S - 2 P = 5 ( 2 )
S2 -5
T (2) suy ra P =
thay vo (1) c:
2
S2 -5
.S = 6 S 3 - 5S - 12 = 0 S = 3 . Suy ra P = 2
2
x + y = 3
x = 1 x = 2
Vy ta c h
. H ny c hai nghim
;
xy = 2
y = 2 y =1
2

p
+ kp ( k )
2
sin x + cos x
2
Pt cho sin 2 x
= 3sin x cos x - 3sin x + 3
cos x

sin x + cos x
2
sin 2 x
= 3sin x cos x + 3cos x
cos x

2
sin x ( sin x + cos x ) = 3cos 2 x ( sin x + cos x )

2
1

0.5

0.5
1

iu kin: cos x 0 x

0.25

( sin x + cos x ) sin 2 x - 3cos 2 x = 0

sin x + cos x = 0
sin x = - cos x
2

2
sin x - 3cos x = 0
sin x = 3 cos x
p

x = - + lp

tan
x
=
1

, (l, n )
p
tan
x
=

3
x = + np

3
Cc nghim ny tha mn iu kin (*).
Vy P/trnh cho c cc nghim:
p
p
x = - + lp ; x = + np ( l , n )
4
3
Hc sinh c th gii theo cch khc. (bin i theo sin x,cos x ri quy
ng a v dng a.sin 3 x + b.sin 2 x.cos x + c.sin x.cos 2 x + d .cos3 x = 0 .

0.5

0.25

Sau a v dng tch nh cch 1)

III

1 + sin 2 x =

( sin x + cos x )2

= sin x + cos x

p p
Trn on ; ta c sin x > 0;cos x > 0 .
4 2
Do 1 + sin 2 x = sin x + cos x = sin x + cos x
p

Nn I =

0.5

2
d ( sin x + cos x )
sin x - cos x
dx = -
dx
sin x + cos x
sin x + cos x
p
4

I = - ln ( sin x + cos x ) p 2 = - ln (1) + ln

4

( 2 ) = ln

1
2 = ln 2
2

0.5

Cch khc:
Hc sinh c th t n ph t = sin x + cos x bin i
1

-1
I = dt =
t
2

2
dt
= ln ( t ) 1 = ln
t

( 2)

IV

1
Cch 1: Phng php ta
t hnh hp vo h ta Oxyz sao cho
B O ( 0;0;0 ) , A Ox, C Oy, B Oz . Khi ta c ta cc nh hnh
hp:
A ( a;0;0 )
z

C ( 0;2a;0 )
B ( 0;0; a )

B'

D ( a;2a;0 )
A ( a;0; a )

A'

D'

C ( 0;2a; a )
D ( a;2a; a )

B
C
x

0.25

C'

uuuur
uuuur
V M thuc cnh AD v AM = 3MD nn ta c AM = 3MD
uuuur 3 uuur 1 uuur
OM = OD + OA
4
4
3
1

x = 4 .a + 4 .a = a

3
1
3a

Suy ra ta ca M l y = .2a + .0 =
4
4
2

3
1

z = 4 .0 + 4 .0 = 0

3a
Vy M a; ;0
2
P/trnh mt phng ( ABC ) vit theo on chn:
x y z
+
+ = 1 2 x + y + 2 z - 2a = 0
a 2a a

0.25

0.25

(Nn ch cch chn ta mp(ABC) c th vit theo on chn)

Khong cch t M n mp ( ABC ) bng:

2.a +
h=

3a
+ 2.0 - 2a
2

2 +1 + 2
2

3a
a
=
2. 9 2

1
V = .S ABC . h (xem cch 2)
3
Cch 2: Phng php hnh hc

B'

C'

D'

A'
I

B
C
A

Xem khi chp M.ABC nh l khi t din. y l tam gic MAC v

ng cao BB = a . Ch tam gic MAC c ng cao l CD = a , y l
3
3
3a
AM = AD = .2a =
.
4
4
2
1
1 3a
3a 2
Din tch tam gic MAC: S MAC = AM .CD = . .a =
2
2 2
4
Th tch khi chp M . ABC :
1
1 3a 2
a3

V = .S AMC .BB = .
.a =
3
3 4
4
Gi I l trung im ca AB . Tam gic ABC c CA = CB = a 5 ,
AB = a 2 nn cn ti C. ng cao

a 2 3a 2
CI = CA - IA = 5a =
2
2
1
1 3a 2
3a 2
Din tch tam gic ABC : S ABC = CI . AB = .
.a 2 =
2
2 2
2

Gi h l khong cch t M n mp ( AB C ) ta c:
2

a3
1
3V
a
V = .S ABC .h . Suy ra h =
= 42 =
3
S ABC
2
3a
2
Nhn xt: Tt nhin bi ton c nhiu cch nhn nhng iu quan trng
l dng PP no cng cn ch n tnh cht ch, d tnh ton l iu quan
trng. PP ta , cch chn h trc sao cho ba nh A, B, C nm trn
ba trc ta s c li rt nhiu so vi cch chn khc. Cn vi PP hnh
hc, vic chn y ph hp khai thc ti a gi thit s gip chng ta
nhanh chng tm ra p s v tnh ton bt phc tp.
3.

0.25

Chc cc em thnh cng !.

V

1
Vi 3 s dng a, , c ta c:
a b
b c
a c
+ 2, + 2, + 2
b a
c b
c a
Du = xy ra khi v ch khi a = b = c .
Cng 3 bt ng thc trn theo v ta c
a b b c a c
+ + + + + 6
b a c b c a
a c b a b c
+ + 1 + + + 1 + + + 1 9
b b c c a a
a+b+c a+b+c a+b+c

+
+
9
b
c
a
1 1 1
(a + b + c) + + 9
a b c
1 1 1
9
+ +
(*)
a b c a+b+c
Du = xy ra khi v ch khi a = b = c .
1
1
1
x
y
z
Q=
+
+
= 3-
+
+

x +1 y +1 z +1
x +1 y +1 z +1
p dng kt qu (*) cho ba s dng a = x + 1; b = y + 1 ; c = z + 1 ta c
1
1
1
9
9
9
+
+

=
=
=3
x +1 y +1 z +1 x +1+ y +1+ z +1 x + y + z + 3 0 + 3
1
1
1
Do Q = 3 -
+
+
3-3 = 0.
x +1 y +1 z +1
x +1 = y +1 = z +1
Q=0
x= y=z=0
x + y + z = 0
Vy min {Q} = 0 t c khi x = y = z = 0 .

VI.a
1

0.25

0.5

0.25
2
1

P/tr /trn vit dng chnh tc ( x + 1) + ( y - 3) = 4 . Suy ra /trn c tm

2

I ( -1;3) , bn knh R = 4 = 2 .
Ta c IM =

( -2 + 1)

+ ( 2 - 3) = 2 < R do im M ( -2;2 ) nm

0.25

trong /trn.
M l trung im ca dy cung AB khi v ch khi IM ^ AB .
Ngha l ng thng i qua M ct ng trn ti 2 im A, B sao cho M l
uuur
trung im ca on AB s nhn vecto IM = ( -1;1) lm vecto php tuyn.

0.75

PTTQ ca /thng: -1( x + 2 ) + 1( y - 2 ) = 0 x - y + 4 = 0 .

2

1
Hai vecto khng cng phng trn mp(ABC):
uuur
uuur
AB = ( -6;3;3) , AC = ( -4; 2; -4 )
r uuur uuur
Vecto php tuyn ca mpABC): n = AB, AC = ( -18; -36;0 )

0.25

ur
1 r
Suy ra n = - n = (1; 2;0 ) l vtpt ca mp(ABC).
18
PTTQ ca mp(ABC): 1( x - 6 ) + 2 ( y + 2 ) + 0 ( z - 3) = 0
x + 2y - 2 = 0
Thay ta im D(4,1,0) vo v tri P/trnh mp(ABC) ta c
4 + 2.1 - 2 = 4 0 . Chng t D ( ABC )
Vy 4 im A, B, C, D khng ng phng.
ng cao DH bng khong cch t nh D n mp(ABC)
4 + 2.1 - 2
4
4 5
DH =
=
=
5
5
12 + 22 + 02
VII.a

Ta c 3 .2 x = 3 + 2 x + 1 ( 2 x - 1) .3 = 2 x + 1
x

Vi x =

x=

0.25

0.5
1

(1)

1
, thay vo (1) ta c 0. 3 = 2 . Khng c tha mn. Nn
2

1
khng nghim ng (1)
2

2x + 1
Vi x 1 ta c (1) 3x =
(2)
2
2x -1
2x + 1
-4
Xt hm s y = f ( x ) =
, ta c y =
< 0 nn hm s lin tc
2x -1
( 2 x - 1)2

0.25

1 1

v nghch bin trn cc khong -; , ; + .

2 2

x
Cn hm s y = g ( x ) = 3 lin tc v ng bin trn .

Ta c f (1) = g (1) = 3 nn x = 1 l mt nghim ca (2).

V f ( -1) = g ( -1) =

0.25

1
nn x = -1 l mt nghim ca (2).
3

Vi mi x > 1 ta c g ( x ) > g (1) 3x > 3 v f ( x ) < f (1)

nn (2) khng c nghim trn khong (1;+ ) .

2x + 1
<3
2x -1

1
< x < 1 ta c g ( x ) < g (1) 3x < 3 v
2
2x + 1
1
f ( x ) > f (1)
> 3 nn (2) khng c nghim trn khong ;1 .
2x -1
2
1

Tng t, trn cc khong ( -; -1) , -1; phng trnh (2) v nghim.

2

Tm li (1) c hai nghim x = 1 .

Vi mi

0.25

0.25