(Vnmath - Com) BaiTap GiaiTich 12 OnThi TN - THPT DH

TRAN S TUNG
---- & ----
BAI TAP
ON THI TOT NGHIEP THPT & AI HOC
Nam 2010
Trn S Tng
Kho st hm s
CHNG I
NG DNG O HM KHO ST
V V TH CA HM S
I. TNH N IU CA HM S
1. inh ngha:
Hm s f ng bin trn K ("x1, x2 K, x1 < x2 f(x1) < f(x2)
Hm s f nghch bin trn K ("x1, x2 K, x1 < x2 f(x1) > f(x2)
2. iu kin cn:
Gi s f c o hm trn khong I.
a) Nu f ng bin trn khong I th f(x) 0, "x I
b) Nu f nghch bin trn khong I th f(x) 0, "x I
3. iu kin :
Gi s f c o hm trn khong I.
a) Nu f (x) 0, "x I (f(x) = 0 ti mt s hu hn im) th f ng bin trn I.
b) Nu f (x) 0, "x I (f(x) = 0 ti mt s hu hn im) th f nghch bin trn I.
c) Nu f(x) = 0, "x I th f khng i trn I.
Ch : Nu khong I c thay bi on hoc na khong th f phi lin tc trn .
VN 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca hm s

xt chiu bin thin ca hm s y = f(x), ta thc hin cc bc nh sau:
Tm tp xc nh ca hm s.
Tnh y. Tm cc im m ti y = 0 hoc y khng tn ti (gi l cc im ti hn)
Lp bng xt du y (bng bin thin). T kt lun cc khong ng bin, nghch
bin ca hm s.
Bai 1. Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:
x2
5
+x4
4
a) y = - 2 x 2 + 4 x + 5
b) y =
d) y = x 3 - 2 x 2 + x - 2
e) y = (4 - x )( x - 1)2
f) y = x 3 - 3 x 2 + 4 x - 1
i) y =
g) y =
1 4
x - 2x2 - 1
4
h) y = - x 4 - 2 x 2 + 3
k) y =
2x -1
x+5
l) y =
n) y =
2 x 2 + x + 26
x +2
o) y = - x + 3 -
x -1
2- x
Trang 1
c) y = x 2 - 4 x + 3
1 4 1 2
x + x -2
10
10
m) y = 1 1
1- x
p) y =
1
1- x
4 x 2 - 15 x + 9
3x
Kho st hm s
Trn S Tng
Bai 2. Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:
a) y = -6 x 4 + 8 x 3 - 3 x 2 - 1
d) y =
2x -1
x
b) y =
e) y =
x2 -1
x2 - 4
x
2
x - 3x + 2
h) y = x 2 - x 2
g) y = 2 x - 1 - 3 - x
p
p
<x<
2
2
k) y = sin 2 x -
c) y =
x2 - x + 1
x2 + x + 1
f) y = x + 3 + 2 2 - x
i) y = 2 x - x 2
p
p
l) y = sin 2 x - x - < x <
2
2
VN 2: Tm iu kin hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin

trn tp xc nh (hoc trn tng khong xc nh)
Cho hm s y = f ( x , m ) , m l tham s, c tp xc nh D.
Hm s f ng bin trn D y 0, "x D.

Hm s f nghch bin trn D y 0, "x D.
T suy ra iu kin ca m.
Ch :
1) y = 0 ch xy ra ti mt s hu hn im.
2) Nu y ' = ax 2 + bx + c th:
a = b = 0
c 0
y ' 0, "x R
a > 0
D 0
a = b = 0
c 0
y ' 0, "x R
a < 0
D 0
3) nh l v du ca tam thc bc hai g( x ) = ax 2 + bx + c :
Nu D < 0 th g(x) lun cng du vi a.

b
)
2a
Nu D > 0 th g(x) c hai nghim x1, x2 v trong khong hai nghim th g(x) khc du
vi a, ngi khong hai nghim th g(x) cng du vi a.
Nu D = 0 th g(x) lun cng du vi a (tr x = -
4) So snh cc nghim x1, x2 ca tam thc bc hai g( x ) = ax 2 + bx + c vi s 0:

D > 0
x1 < x2 < 0 P > 0

S < 0
D > 0
0 < x1 < x2 P > 0

S > 0
x1 < 0 < x2 P < 0
5) hm s y = ax 3 + bx 2 + cx + d c di khong ng bin (nghch bin) (x1; x2) bng d

th ta thc hin cc bc sau:
Tnh y.
Tm iu kin hm s c khong ng bin v nghch bin:
a 0
D > 0
(1)
Bin i x1 - x2 = d thnh ( x1 + x2 )2 - 4 x1 x2 = d 2
Trang 2
(2)
Trn S Tng
Kho st hm s
S dng nh l Viet a (2) thnh phng trnh theo m.

Gii phng trnh, so vi iu kin (1) chn nghim.
Bai 1. Chng minh rng cc hm s sau lun ng bin trn tng khong xc nh (hoc tp
xc nh) ca n:
a) y = x 3 + 5 x + 13
b) y =
x3
- 3x 2 + 9 x + 1
3
c) y =
2x -1
x+2
x2 + 2 x - 3
x 2 - 2mx - 1
e) y = 3 x - sin(3 x + 1)
f) y =
d) y =
x +1
x-m
Bai 2. Chng minh rng cc hm s sau lun nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh (hoc
tp xc nh) ca n:
a) y = -5 x + cot( x - 1)
b) y = cos x - x
c) y = sin x - cos x - 2 2 x
Bai 3. Tm m cc hm s sau lun ng bin trn tp xc nh (hoc tng khong xc
nh) ca n:
a) y = x 3 - 3mx 2 + (m + 2) x - m b) y =
mx + 4
d) y =
x+m
Bai 4. Tm m hm s:
x 3 mx 2
- 2x +1
3
2
x 2 - 2mx - 1
e) y =
x-m
c) y =
x+m
x -m
x 2 - 2mx + 3m 2
f) y =
x - 2m
a) y = x 3 + 3 x 2 + mx + m nghch bin trn mt khong c di bng 1.

b) y =
1 3 1 2
x - mx + 2 mx - 3m + 1 nghch bin trn mt khong c di bng 3.
3
2
1
c) y = - x 3 + (m - 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x - 4 ng bin trn mt khong c di bng 4.
3
Bai 5. Tm m hm s:
a) y =
x3
+ (m + 1) x 2 - (m + 1) x + 1 ng bin trn khong (1; +).
3
b) y = x 3 - 3(2m + 1) x 2 + (12 m + 5) x + 2 ng bin trn khong (2; +).

c) y =
mx + 4
x + m2
(m 2) ng bin trn khong (1; +).
d) y =
x+m
ng bin trong khong (1; +).
x -m
e) y =
x 2 - 2mx + 3m 2
ng bin trn khong (1; +).
x - 2m
f) y =
-2 x 2 - 3 x + m
nghch bin trn khong
2x +1
- ; + .
2
Trang 3
Kho st hm s
Trn S Tng
VN 3: ng dng tnh n iu chng minh bt ng thc

chng minh bt ng thc ta thc hin cc bc sau:
Chuyn bt ng thc v dng f(x) > 0 (hoc <, , ). Xt hm s y = f(x) trn tp xc
nh do bi ch nh.
Xt du f (x). Suy ra hm s ng bin hay nghch bin.
Da vo nh ngha s ng bin, nghch bin kt lun.
Ch :
1) Trong trng hp ta cha xt c du ca f (x) th ta t h(x) = f (x) v quay li
tip tc xt du h (x) cho n khi no xt du c th thi.
2) Nu bt ng thc c hai bin th ta a bt ng thc v dng: f(a) < f(b).
Xt tnh n iu ca hm s f(x) trong khong (a; b).
Bai 1. Chng minh cc bt ng thc sau:
a) x -
x3
< sin x < x , vi x > 0
6
b)
2
1
p
sin x + tan x > x , vi 0 < x <
3
3
2
p
p
d) sin x + tan x > 2 x , vi 0 < x <
2
2
c) x < tan x, vi 0 < x <
a)
tan a a
p
< , vi 0 < a 
2x
p
, vi 0 < x 0
6
6 120
p
2
c) x sin x + cos x > 1, vi 0 < x <
a) e x > 1 + x , vi x > 0
b) ln(1 + x ) < x , vi x > 0
1
d) 1 + x ln x + 1 + x 2 1 + x 2
, vi x > 0
1+ x
c) ln(1 + x ) - ln x >
a) tan 550 > 1, 4
b)
1
7
< sin 20 0 <
3
20
HD: a) tan 550 = tan(450 + 10 0 ) . Xt hm s f ( x ) =
c) log 2 3 > log3 4

1+ x
.
1- x
b) Xt hm s f ( x ) = 3 x - 4 x 3 .
1 1
1
7
f(x) ng bin trong khong - ; v ,sin 200 ,
2 2
3
20
c) Xt hm s f ( x ) = log x ( x + 1) vi x > 1.
Trang 4
1 1
- ; .
2 2
Trn S Tng
Kho st hm s
VN 4: Chng minh phng trnh c nghim duy nht
chng minh phng trnh f(x) = g(x) (*) c nghim duy nht, ta thc hin cc bc sau:
Chn c nghim x0 ca phng trnh.
Xt cc hm s y = f(x) (C1) v y = g(x) (C2). Ta cn chng minh mt hm s ng bin
v mt hm s nghch bin. Khi (C1) v (C2) giao nhau ti mt im duy nht c honh
x0. chnh l nghim duy nht ca phng trnh (*).
Ch : Nu mt trong hai hm s l hm hng y = C th kt lun trn vn ng.
Bai 1. Gii cc phng trnh sau:
a)
x + x-5 = 5
b) x 5 + x 3 - 1 - 3 x + 4 = 0
c)
x + x - 5 + x + 7 + x + 16 = 14
d)
x 2 + 15 = 3 x - 2 + x 2 + 8
a)
x +1 + 5 x + 2 + 5 x + 3 = 0
b) ln( x - 4) = 5 - x
c) 3 x + 4 x = 5 x
Bai 3. Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:
a)
d) 2 x + 3 x + 5 x = 38
x + 1 + 3 5 x - 7 + 4 7 x - 5 + 5 13 x - 7 < 8
b) 2 x + x + x + 7 + 2 x 2 + 7 x < 35
Bai 4. Gii cc h phng trnh sau:
2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y
a) 2 y + 1 = z3 + z2 + z
2 z + 1 = x 3 + x 2 + x
x = y3 + y2 + y - 2
b) y = z3 + z2 + z - 2
z = x 3 + x 2 + x - 2
y 3 = 6 x 2 - 12 x + 8
3
c) z = 6 y 2 - 12 y + 8
x 3 = 6 z2 - 12 z + 8
tan x - tan y = y - x
5p
d) 2 x + 3y =
4
p
p
- < x , y <
2
2
sin x - sin y = 3 x - 3y
p
e) x + y =
5
x, y > 0
sin 2 x - 2 y = sin 2 y - 2 x
f) 2 x + 3y = p
0 < x, y < p
cot x - cot y = x - y
g) 5 x + 7 y = 2p
0 < x , y < p
h)
HD: a, b) Xt hm s f (t ) = t 3 + t 2 + t
c) Xt hm s f (t ) = 6t 2 - 12t + 8
d) Xt hm s f(t) = tant + t
Trang 5
Kho st hm s
Trn S Tng
II. CC TR CA HM S
I. Khi nim cc tr ca hm s
Gi s hm s f xc nh trn tp D (D R) v x0 D.
a) x0 im cc i ca f nu tn ti khong (a; b) D v x0 (a; b) sao cho
f(x) < f(x0), vi "x (a; b) \ {x0}.
Khi f(x0) gl gi tr cc i (cc i) ca f.
b) x0 im cc tiu ca f nu tn ti khong (a; b) D v x0 (a; b) sao cho
f(x) > f(x0), vi "x (a; b) \ {x0}.
Khi f(x0) gl gi tr cc tiu (cc tiu) ca f.
c) Nu x0 l im cc tr ca f th im (x0; f(x0)) gl im cc tr ca th hm s f.
II. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr
Nu hm s f c o hm ti x0 v t cc tr ti im th f (x0) = 0.
Ch : Hm s f ch c th t cc tr ti nhng im m ti o hm bng 0 hoc khng
c o hm.
III. iu kin hm s c cc tr
1. nh l 1: Gi s hm s f lin tc trn khong (a; b) cha im x0 v c o hm trn
(a; b)\{x0}
a) Nu f (x) i du t m sang dng khi x i qua x0 th f t cc tiu ti x0.
b) Nu f (x) i du t dng sang m khi x i qua x0 th f t cc i ti x0.
2. nh l 2: Gi s hm s f c o hm trn khong (a; b) cha im x0, f (x0) = 0 v c
o hm cp hai khc 0 ti im x0.
a) Nu f (x0) < 0 th f t cc i ti x0.
b) Nu f (x0) > 0 th f t cc tiu ti x0.
VN 1: Tm cc tr ca hm s
Qui tc 1: Dng nh l 1.
Tm f (x).
Tm cc im xi (i = 1, 2, ) m ti o hm bng 0 hoc khng c o hm.
Xt du f (x). Nu f (x) i du khi x i qua xi th hm s t cc tr ti xi.
Qui tc 2: Dng nh l 2.
Tnh f (x).
Gii phng trnh f (x) = 0 tm cc nghim xi (i = 1, 2, ).
Tnh f (x) v f (xi) (i = 1, 2, ).
Nu f (xi) < 0 th hm s t cc i ti xi.
Nu f (xi) > 0 th hm s t cc tiu ti xi.
Trang 6
Trn S Tng
Kho st hm s
Bai 1. Tm cc tr ca cc hm s sau:
a) y = 3 x 2 - 2 x 3
b) y = x 3 - 2 x 2 + 2 x - 1
x4
- x2 + 3
e) y = x 4 - 4 x 2 + 5
2
- x2 + 3x + 6
3x 2 + 4 x + 5
g) y =
h) y =
x+2
x +1
d) y =
4x2 + 2x -1
a) y = ( x - 2)3 ( x + 1)4
b) y =
d) y = x x 2 - 4
e) y = x 2 - 2 x + 5
2x2 + x - 3
1
c) y = - x 3 + 4 x 2 - 15 x
3
x4
3
f) y = + x2 +
2
2
2
x - 2 x - 15
i) y =
x -3
c) y =
3x 2 + 4 x + 4
x2 + x + 1
f) y = x + 2 x - x 2
3
x2
2x +1
a) y = x + 1
b) y =
d) y = x 2 - 5 x + 5 + 2 ln x
e) y = x - 4sin 2 x
c) y = e x + 4e - x
f) y = x - ln(1 + x 2 )
VN 2: Tm iu kin hm s c cc tr
1. Nu hm s y = f(x) t cc tr ti im x0 th f (x0) = 0 hoc ti x0 khng c o hm.
2. hm s y = f(x) t cc tr ti im x0 th f (x) i du khi x i qua x0.
Ch :
Hm s bc ba y = ax 3 + bx 2 + cx + d c cc tr Phng trnh y = 0 c hai nghim

phn bit.
Khi nu x0 l im cc tr th ta c th tnh gi tr cc tr y(x0) bng hai cch:
+ y( x0 ) = ax03 + bx0 2 + cx0 + d
+ y ( x0 ) = Ax0 + B , trong Ax + B l phn d trong php chia y cho y.
ax 2 + bx + c
P( x )
Hm s y =
=
(aa 0) c cc tr Phng trnh y = 0 c hai
a' x + b'
Q( x )
b'
nghim phn bit khc - .
a'
Khi nu x0 l im cc tr th ta c th tnh gi tr cc tr y(x0) bng hai cch:
P ( x0 )
P '( x 0 )
hoc y ( x0 ) =
y ( x0 ) =
Q ( x0 )
Q '( x 0 )
Khi s dng iu kin cn xt hm s c cc tr cn phi kim tra li loi b

nghim ngoi lai.
Khi gii cc bi tp loi ny thng ta cn s dng cc kin thc khc na, nht l
nh l Viet.
Bai 1. Chng minh rng cc hm s sau lun c cc i, cc tiu:
a) y = x 3 - 3mx 2 + 3(m2 - 1) x - m 3
b) y = 2 x 3 - 3(2m + 1) x 2 + 6m(m + 1) x + 1
x 2 + m(m 2 - 1) x - m 4 + 1
c) y =
x-m
x 2 + mx - m + 2
d) y =
x - m +1
Trang 7
Kho st hm s
Trn S Tng
Bai 2. Tm m hm s:
a) y = (m + 2) x 3 + 3 x 2 + mx - 5 c cc i, cc tiu.
b) y = x 3 - 3(m - 1) x 2 + (2 m2 - 3m + 2) x - m(m - 1) c cc i, cc tiu.
c) y = x 3 - 3mx 2 + (m 2 - 1) x + 2 t cc i ti x = 2.
1
d) y = - mx 4 + 2(m - 2) x 2 + m - 5 c mt cc i x = .
2
2
x - 2mx + 2
e) y =
t cc tiu khi x = 2.
x-m
x 2 - (m + 1) x - m 2 + 4m - 2
f) y =
c cc i, cc tiu.
x -1
x2 - x + m
g) y =
c mt gi tr cc i bng 0.
x -1
Bai 3. Tm m cc hm s sau khng c cc tr:
a) y = x 3 - 3 x 2 + 3mx + 3m + 4
- x 2 + mx + 5
c) y =
x -3
Bai 4. Tm a, b, c, d hm s:
b) y = mx 3 + 3mx 2 - (m - 1) x - 1
x 2 - (m + 1) x - m 2 + 4m - 2
d) y =
x -1
a) y = ax 3 + bx 2 + cx + d t cc tiu bng 0 ti x = 0 v t cc i bng
4
1
ti x =
27
3
b) y = ax 4 + bx 2 + c c th i qua gc to O v t cc tr bng 9 ti x =
3.
x 2 + bx + c
t cc tr bng 6 ti x = 1.
x -1
ax 2 + bx + ab
d) y =
t cc tr ti x = 0 v x = 4.
bx + a
ax 2 + 2 x + b
t cc i bng 5 ti x = 1.
e) y =
x2 + 1
Bai 5. Tm m hm s :
c) y =
a) y = x 3 + 2(m - 1) x 2 + (m 2 - 4 m + 1) x - 2(m2 + 1) t cc tr ti hai im x1, x2 sao cho:

1 1 1
+
= (x + x ) .
x1 x2 2 1 2
1 3
x - mx 2 + mx - 1 t cc tr ti hai im x1, x2 sao cho: x1 - x2 8 .
3
1
1
c) y = mx 3 - (m - 1) x 2 + 3(m - 2) x +
t cc tr ti hai im x1, x2 sao cho:
3
3
x1 + 2 x2 = 1 .
b) y =
Bai 6. Tm m hm s :
x 2 + mx - m + 2
c cc i, cc tiu v cc gi tr cc i, cc tiu cng du.
x - m +1
x 2 - (m + 1) x - m 2 + 4m - 2
b) y =
c cc i, cc tiu v tch cc gi tr cc i, cc
x -1
a) y =
Trang 8
Trn S Tng
Kho st hm s
tiu t gi tr nh nht.
-x2 + 3x + m
c gi tr cc i M v gi tr cc tiu m tho M - m = 4 .
x-4
2 x2 + 3x + m - 2
d) y =
c yC - yCT < 12 .
x+2
Bai 7. Tm m th hm s :
c) y =
900m 2
a) y = - x + mx - 4 c hai im cc tr l A, B v AB =
.
729
3
b) y = x 4 - mx 2 + 4 x + m c 3 im cc tr l A, B, C v tam gic ABC nhn gc to

O lm trng tm.
x 2 + mx + m - 2
c hai im cc tr nm hai pha i vi trc tung. Chng minh
x-m
hai im cc tr lun lun nm cng mt pha i vi trc honh.
c) y =
x 2 + mx
c khong cch gia hai im cc tr bng 10.
1- x
- x 2 + 2 mx + 5
e) y =
c hai im cc i v cc tiu nm v hai pha i vi ng
x -1
thng y = 2x.
d) y =
x2 + 2x + m + 3
c hai im cc tr v khong cch gia chng nh nht.
x-m
f) y =
a) y = 2 x 3 + mx 2 - 12 x - 13 c hai im cc tr cch u trc tung.

b) y = x 3 - 3mx 2 + 4m 3 c cc im cc i, cc tiu i xng nhau qua ng phn gic
th nht.
c) y = x 3 - 3mx 2 + 4m 3 c cc im cc i, cc tiu v mt pha i vi ng thng
(d): 3 x - 2 y + 8 = 0 .
x 2 + (2m + 1) x + m 2 + 1
c hai im cc tr nm hai pha i vi ng thng
x +1
(d): 2 x - 3y - 1 = 0 .
d) y =
x 2 - (m + 1) x + 2 m - 1
a) y =
c hai im cc tr trong gc phn t th nht ca mt
x-m
phng to .
2 mx 2 + (4m 2 + 1) x + 32 m2 + 2m
b) y =
c mt im cc tr nm trong gc phn t th
x + 2m
hai v im kia nm trong gc phn t th t ca mt phng to .
mx 2 - (m 2 + 1) x + 4m 2 + m
c mt im cc tr nm trong gc phn t th nht v
x-m
im kia nm trong gc phn t th ba ca mt phng to .
c) y =
d) y =
x 2 + (2m + 1) x + m 2 + 1
c hai im cc tr nm hai pha ca trc honh (tung).
x +1
Trang 9
Kho st hm s
Trn S Tng
VN 3: ng thng i qua hai im cc tr
1) Hm s bc ba y = f ( x ) = ax 3 + bx 2 + cx + d .
Chia f(x) cho f (x) ta c: f(x) = Q(x).f (x) + Ax + B.
Khi , gi s (x1; y1), (x2; y2) l cc im cc tr th:
y1 = f ( x1 ) = Ax1 + B
y = f x = Ax + B
( 2)
2
2
Cc im (x1; y1), (x2; y2) nm trn ng thng y = Ax + B.

P( x ) ax 2 + bx + c
2) Hm s phn thc y = f ( x ) =
=
.
Q( x )
dx + e
P '( x0 )
Gi s (x0; y0) l im cc tr th y0 =
.
Q '( x0 )
Gi s hm s c cc i v cc tiu th phng trnh ng thng i qua hai im cc

P '( x ) 2ax + b
tr y l: y =
=
.
Q '( x )
d
Bai 1. Vit phng trnh ng thng i qua hai im cc tr ca th hm s :
a) y = x 3 - 2 x 2 - x + 1
b) y = 3 x 2 - 2 x 3
c) y = x 3 - 3 x 2 - 6 x + 8
2x2 - x +1
x2 - x - 1
e) y =
x+3
x-2
Bai 2. Khi hm s c cc i, cc tiu, vit phng trnh ng thng i qua hai im cc tr
ca th hm s:
d) y =
a) y = x 3 - 3mx 2 + 3(m2 - 1) x - m 3
x 2 + mx - 6
x-m
2
x + mx - m + 2
d) y =
x - m +1
b) y =
c) y = x 3 - 3(m - 1) x 2 + (2m 2 - 3m + 2) x - m(m - 1)

Bai 3. Tm m hm s:
a) y = 2 x 3 + 3(m - 1) x 2 + 6(m - 2) x - 1 c ng thng i qua hai im cc tr song song

vi ng thng y = 4x + 1.
b) y = 2 x 3 + 3(m - 1) x 2 + 6 m(1 - 2m ) x c cc im cc i, cc tiu ca th nm trn
ng thng y = 4x.
c) y = x 3 + mx 2 + 7 x + 3 c ng thng i qua cc im cc i, cc tiu vung gc vi
ng thng y = 3x 7.
d) y = x 3 - 3 x 2 + m 2 x + m c cc im cc i v cc tiu i xng nhau qua ng
thng (D): y =
1
5
x- .
2
2
Trang 10
Trn S Tng
Kho st hm s
III. GI TR LN NHT
V GI TR NH NHT CA HM S
1. nh ngha:
Gi s hm s f xc nh trn min D (D R).
f ( x ) M , "x D
a) M = max f ( x )
D
$ x 0 D : f ( x 0 ) = M
f ( x ) m, "x D
b) m = min f ( x )
D
$x0 D : f ( x0 ) = m
2. Tnh cht:
a) Nu hm s f ng bin trn [a; b] th max f ( x ) = f (b), min f ( x ) = f (a) .
[ a;b ]
[ a;b ]
b) Nu hm s f nghch bin trn [a; b] th max f ( x ) = f (a), min f ( x ) = f (b) .

[ a;b ]
[ a;b ]
VN 1: Tm GTLN, GTNN ca hm s bng cch lp bng bin thin

Cch 1: Thng dng khi tm GTLN, GTNN ca hm s trn mt khong.
Tnh f (x).
Xt du f (x) v lp bng bin thin.
Da vo bng bin thin kt lun.
Cch 2: Thng dng khi tm GTLN, GTNN ca hm s lin tc trn mt on [a; b].
Tnh f (x).
Gii phng trnh f (x) = 0 tm c cc nghim x1, x2, , xn trn [a; b] (nu c).
Tnh f(a), f(b), f(x1), f(x2), , f(xn).
So snh cc gi tr va tnh v kt lun.
M = max f ( x ) = max { f (a), f (b), f ( x1 ), f ( x2 ),..., f ( xn )}
[a;b]
m = min f ( x) = min { f (a), f (b), f ( x1 ), f ( x2 ),..., f ( xn )}

[ a;b]
Bai 1. Tm GTLN, GTNN ca cc hm s sau:
a) y = x 2 + 4 x + 3
b) y = 4 x 3 - 3 x 4
d) y = x 2 + x - 2
e) y =
x -1
x2 - 2 x + 2
x2 - x + 1
1
( x > 0)
h) y =
x
x2 + x + 1
g) y = x 2 +
c) y = x 4 + 2 x 2 - 2
f) y =
i) y =
2 x2 + 4 x + 5
x2 + 1
x4 + x2 +1
x3 + x
a) y = 2 x 3 + 3 x 2 - 12 x + 1 trn [1; 5]
b) y = 3 x - x 3 trn [2; 3]
c) y = x 4 - 2 x 2 + 3 trn [3; 2]
d) y = x 4 - 2 x 2 + 5 trn [2; 2]
3x - 1
trn [0; 2]
x -3
4 x2 + 7x + 7
g) y =
trn [0; 2]
x+2
x -1
trn [0; 4]
x +1
1 - x + x2
h) y =
trn [0; 1]
1 + x - x2
e) y =
f) y =
Trang 11
( x > 0)
Kho st hm s
Trn S Tng
i) y = 100 - x 2 trn [6; 8]

k) y = 2 + x + 4 - x
2 sin x - 1
1
a) y =
b) y =
c) y = 2sin 2 x - cos x + 1
2
sin x + 2
cos x + cos x + 1
e) y = sin 3 x + cos3 x
d) y = cos 2 x - 2sin x - 1
g) y = 4 x 2 - 2 x + 5 + x 2 - 2 x + 3
f) y =
x2 -1
x4 - x2 +1
h) y = - x 2 + 4 x + x 2 - 4 x + 3
VN 2: Tm GTLN, GTNN ca hm s bng cch dng bt ng thc

Cch ny da trc tip vo nh ngha GTLN, GTNN ca hm s.
Chng minh mt bt ng thc.
Tm mt im thuc D sao cho ng vi gi tr y, bt ng thc va tm c tr thnh
ng thc.
Bai 1. Gi s D = {( x; y; z) / x > 0, y > 0, z > 0, x + y + z = 1} . Tm gi tr ln nht ca biu
x
y
z
+
+
.
x +1 y +1 z +1
1
1
1
HD: P = 3 -
+
+
x +1 y +1 z +1
thc:
P=
1
1
1
S dng bt ng thc Csi: [( x + 1) + ( y + 1) + ( z = 1)]
+
+
9
x +1 y +1 z +1
3
1
3
P . Du = xy ra x = y = z = . Vy min P = .
D
4
3
4
5
Bai 2. Cho D = ( x; y ) / x > 0, y > 0, x + y = . Tm gi tr nh nht ca biu thc:
4
4 1
S= +
.
x 4y
1 1 1 1 1
4 1
HD: ( x + x + x + x + 4 y ) + + + + 25 4( x + y ) + 25
x x x x 4y
x 4y
1
. Vy minS = 5.
4
Bai 3. Cho D = {( x; y ) / x > 0, y > 0, x + y < 1} . Tm gi tr nh nht ca biu thc:
S 5. Du = xy ra x = 1, y =
P=
x2
y2
1
+
+x+y+
.
1- x 1- y
x+y
x2
y2
1
1
1
1
+ (1 + y ) +
+
-2 =
+
+
-2 .
1- x
1- y x + y
1- x 1- y x + y
1
1
1
S dng bt ng thc Csi: [(1 - x ) + (1 - y ) + ( x + y )]
+
+
9
1- x 1- y x + y
HD: P = (1 + x ) +
1
1
1
9
+
+
1- x 1- y x + y 2
Trang 12
Trn S Tng
Kho st hm s
5
1
5
. Du = xy ra x = y = . Vy minP = .
2
3
2
Bai 4. Cho D = {( x; y ) / x > 0, y > 0, x + y 4} . Tm gi tr nh nht ca biu thc:
3 x 2 + 4 2 + y2
P=
+
.
4x
y2
HD: P =
1 y y x+y
x 1
+ + 2 + + +
2
4 x
8 8
2
y
Theo bt ng thc Csi:

1
y
(1)
x 1
x 1
+ 2 . =1
4 x
4 x
(2)
y y
1 y y 3
+ 33
. . =
8 8
y2 8 8 4
(3)
9
9
. Du = xy ra x = y = 2. Vy minP = .
2
2
VN 3: Tm GTLN, GTNN ca hm s bng cch dng min gi tr

Xt bi tn tm GTLN, GTNN ca hm s f(x) trn mt min D cho trc.
Gi y0 l mt gi tr tu ca f(x) trn D, th h phng trnh (n x) sau c nghim:
f ( x ) = y0
(1)
(2)
x D
Tu theo dng ca h trn m ta c cc iu kin tng ng. Thng thng iu kin y
(sau khi bin i) c dng:
m y0 M
(3)
V y0 l mt gi tr bt k ca f(x) nn t (3) ta suy ra c:
min f ( x ) = m; max f ( x ) = M
D
Bai 1. Tm gi tr ln nht, gi tr nh nht ca cc hm s sau:
a) y =
x2 + x + 1
x2 - x + 1
2sin x + cos x + 3
d) y =
2 cos x - sin x + 4
b) y =
2 x 2 + 7 x + 23
c) y =
x 2 + 2 x + 10
2sin x + cos x + 1
sin x - 2 cos x + 3
VN 4: S dng GTLN, GTNN ca hm s trong PT, HPT, BPT

Gi s f(x) l mt hm s lin tc trn min D v c min f ( x ) = m; max f ( x ) = M . Khi :
D
f ( x) = a
1) H phng trnh
c nghim m a M.
x D
f ( x) a
2) H bt phng trnh
c nghim M a.
x D
f ( x) b
3) H bt phng trnh
c nghim m b.
x D
4) Bt phng trnh f(x) a ng vi mi x m a.
5) Bt phng trnh f(x) b ng vi mi x M b.
Trang 13
Kho st hm s
Trn S Tng
a)
x -2 + 4 4- x = 2
c) x 5 + (1 - x )5 =
b) 3 x + 5 x = 6 x + 2
Bai 2. Tm m cc phng trnh sau c nghim:
a) x + 2 x 2 + 1 = m
b)
1
16
2 - x + 2 + x - (2 - x )(2 + x ) = m
3 + x + 6 - x - (3 + x )(6 - x ) = m
d) 7 - x + 2 + x - (7 - x )(2 + x ) = m
Bai 3. Tm m cc bt phng trnh sau nghim ng vi mi x R:
c)
a) x + 2 x 2 + 1 > m
b) m 2 x 2 + 9 < x + m
c) mx 4 - 4 x + m 0
Bai 4. Cho bt phng trnh: x 3 - 2 x 2 + x - 1 + m < 0 .
a) Tm m bt phng trnh c nghim thuc [0; 2].

b) Tm m bt phng trnh tho mi x thuc [0; 2].
Bai 5. Tm m cc bt phng trnh sau:
a) mx - x - 3 m + 1 c nghim.
b)
(m + 2) x - m x + 1 c nghim x [0; 2].
c) m( x 2 - x + 1) x 2 + x + 1 nghim ng vi mi x [0; 1].
Trang 14
Trn S Tng
Kho st hm s
IV. IM UN CA TH
1. nh ngha:
im U ( x0 ; f ( x0 ) ) gl im un ca th hm s y = f(x) nu tn ti mt khong (a; b)

cha im x0 sao cho trn mt trong hai khong (a; x0) v (x0; b) tip tuyn ca th ti
im U nm pha trn th cn trn khong kia tip tuyn nm pha di th
2. Tnh cht:
Nu hm s y = f(x) c o hm cp hai trn mt khong cha im x0, f(x0) = 0 v
f(x) i du khi x i qua x0 th U ( x0 ; f ( x0 ) ) l mt im un ca th hm s.
th ca hm s bc ba y = ax 3 + bx 2 + cx + d (a 0) lun c mt im un v l
tm i xng ca th.
Bai 1. Tm im un ca th cc hm s sau:
a) y = x 3 - 6 x 2 + 3 x + 2
b) y = x 3 - 3 x 2 - 9 x + 9
c) y = x 4 - 6 x 2 + 3
x4
- 2x2 + 3
e) y = x 4 - 12 x 3 + 48 x 2 + 10 f) y = 3 x 5 - 5 x 4 + 3 x - 2
4
Bai 2. Tm m, n th ca hm s sau c im un c ch ra:
d) y =
x3
8
+ (m - 1) x 2 + (m + 3) x - ; I(1; 3)
3
3
2
d) y = x 3 - mx 2 + nx - 2 ; I ; -3
3
a) y = x 3 - 3 x 2 + 3mx + 3m + 4 ; I(1; 2). b) y = c) y = mx 3 + nx 2 + 1 ; I(1; 4)
x3
e) y = - + 3mx 2 - 2 ; I(1; 0)
f) y = mx 3 + 3mx 2 + 4 ; I(1; 2)
m
Bai 3. Tm m th ca cc hm s sau c 3 im un:
x5 4 4
x 2 + mx - 1
- x + (4m + 3) x3 + 5 x - 1 b) y =
5 3
x2 + 1
Bai 4. Chng minh th ca cc hm s sau c 3 im un thng hng:
a) y =
a) y =
d) y =
g) y =
2x +1
x2 + x + 1
2x +1
x2 + 1
2 x 2 - 3x
b) y =
e) y =
x +1
x2 + 1
x
x2 + 1
x2 + 3x
h) y =
x2 - 3x + 3
x2 + 1
Bai 5. Tm m, n th ca cc hm s:
c) y =
f) y =
i) y =
2 x 2 - 3x
x2 + 1
x2 + 2 x + 5
x2 - x +1
x3
x2 - 4 x + 5
a) y = x 4 - 2 x 3 - 6 x 2 + mx + 2 m - 1 c hai im un thng hng vi im A(1; 2).

x3
2
- x 2 + mx + c im un trn ng thng y = x + 2 .
3
3
1
c) y = - x 4 + mx 2 + n c im un trn Ox.
4
b) y = -
Trang 15
Kho st hm s
Trn S Tng
V. NG TIM CN CA TH
1. nh ngha:
ng thng x = x0 gl ng tim cn ng ca th hm s y = f ( x ) nu t nht
mt trong cc iu kin sau c tho mn:
lim + f ( x ) = + ;
lim + f ( x ) = - ;
lim - f ( x ) = + ;
lim - f ( x ) = -
x x0
x x0
x x0
x x0
ng thng y = y0 gl ng tim cn ngang ca th hm s y = f ( x ) nu t nht

mt trong cc iu kin sau c tho mn:
lim f ( x ) = y0 ;
lim f ( x ) = y0
x +
x -
ng thng y = ax + b, a 0 gl ng tim cn xin ca th hm s y = f ( x )

nu t nht mt trong cc iu kin sau c tho mn:
lim
x +
[ f ( x ) - (ax + b)] = 0 ;
lim
x -
[ f ( x ) - (ax + b)] = 0
2. Ch :
a) Nu y = f ( x ) =
P( x )
l hm s phn thc hu t.
Q( x )
Nu Q(x) = 0 c nghim x0 th th c tim cn ng x = x0 .

Nu bc(P(x)) bc(Q(x)) th th c tim cn ngang.
Nu bc(P(x)) = bc(Q(x)) + 1 th th c tim cn xin.
b) xc nh cc h s a, b trong phng trnh ca tim cn xin, ta c th p dng cc
cng thc sau:
f ( x)
;
a = lim
b = lim [ f ( x ) - ax ]
x + x
x +
hoc
a = lim
x -
f ( x)
;
x
b = lim
x -
[ f ( x ) - ax ]
Bai 1. Tm cc tim cn ca th cc hm s sau:
2x - 5
10 x + 3
b) y =
x -1
1- 2x
2
x - 4x + 3
( x - 2)2
d) y =
e) y =
x +1
1- x
a) y =
a) y =
d) y =
x
x2 - 4 x + 5
2 x2 + 3x + 3
b) y =
2+x
9 - x2
x3 + x + 1
e) y =
x2 + x + 1
x2 + 1
4x + 2
a) y = x 2 - 4 x
b) y =
x2 - 9
Trang 16
2x + 3
2- x
7x2 + 4 x + 5
f) y =
2 - 3x
c) y =
c) y =
f) y =
c) y =
x2 + 4 x + 5
x2 - 1
x4 - x + 4
x3 - 1
1
x2 - 4x + 3
Trn S Tng
Kho st hm s
x -1
3
e) y = 3 x 2 - x 3
x +1
d) y = x
f) y =
x 2 - 3x + 2
x-2
e x - e- x
c) y = ln( x 2 - 5 x + 6)
x
2
2 -1
Bai 5. Tm m th ca cc hm s sau c ng hai tim cn ng:
a) y =
a) y =
d) y =
2x + 1
b) y = ln
3
4 x 2 + 2(2 m + 3) x + m 2 - 1
x -3
b) y =
2 + x2
3 x 2 + 2(m + 1) x + 4
x -1
c) y =
x +3
2
x + x +m-2
3
e) y =
f) y =
2 x 2 + 2 mx + m - 1
x 2 + 2(m + 2) x + m 2 + 1
x 2 + 2(m - 1) x + m2 - 2
Bai 6. Tm m th ca cc hm s sau c tim cn xin:
x 2 + (3m + 2) x + 2 m - 1
mx 2 + (2 m + 1) x + m + 3
a) y =
b) y =
x+5
x+2
Bai 7. Tnh din tch ca tam gic to bi tim cn xin ca th cc hm s sau chn trn
hai trc to :
3x2 + x + 1
-3 x 2 + x - 4
x2 + x - 7
b) y =
c) y =
a) y =
x -1
x+2
x -3
Bai 8. Tm m tim cn xin ca th cc hm s sau to vi cc trc to mt tam gic
c din tch S ch ra:
x 2 + (2m - 1) x - 2 m + 3
x 2 + mx - 1
y
a) y =
;S=8
b) =
;S=8
x +1
x -1
2 x 2 + 2(2 m + 1) x + 4m - 5
2 x 2 + mx - 2
c) y =
; S = 16
d) y =
;S=4
x +1
x -1
Bai 9. Chng minh rng tch cc khong cch t mt im bt k trn th ca cc hm s
n hai tim cn bng mt hng s:
a) y =
x2 - x + 1
x -1
b) y =
2 x2 + 5x - 4
x +3
Trang 17
c) y =
x2 + x - 7
x -3
Kho st hm s
Trn S Tng
VI. KHO ST S BIN THIN

V V TH CA HM S
1. Cc bc kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s

Tm tp xc nh ca hm s.
Xt s bin thin ca hm s:
+ Tnh y.
+ Tm cc im ti o hm y bng 0 hoc khng xc nh.
+ Tm cc gii hn ti v cc, gii hn v cc v tm tim cn (nu c).
+ Lp bng bin thin ghi r du ca o hm, chiu bin thin, cc tr ca hm s.
V th ca hm s:
+ Tm im un ca th (i vi hm s bc ba v hm s trng phng).
Tnh y.
Tm cc im ti y = 0 v xt du y.
+ V cc ng tim cn (nu c) ca th.
+ Xc nh mt s im c bit ca th nh giao im ca th vi cc trc to
(trong trng hp th khng ct cc trc to hoc vic tm to giao im phc
tp th c th b qua). C th tm thm mt s im thuc th c th v chnh xc
hn.
+ Nhn xt v th: Ch ra trc i xng, tm i xng (nu c) ca th.
2. Hm s bc ba y = ax 3 + bx 2 + cx + d (a 0) :
Tp xc nh D = R.
th lun c mt im un v nhn im un lm tm i xng.
Cc dng th:
a>0
y = 0 c 2 nghim phn bit
y
= b2 3ac > 0
a<0
y
I
0
y = 0 c nghim kp
= b2 3ac = 0
y = 0 v nghim
= b2 3ac < 0
y
I
0
3. Hm s trng phng y = ax 4 + bx 2 + c (a 0) :
Trang 18
Trn S Tng
Kho st hm s
Tp xc nh D = R.
th lun nhn trc tung lm trc i xng.
Cc dng th:
a>0
a<0
y
y = 0 c 3 nghim phn
bit
ab < 0
0
y = 0 ch c
1 nghim
ab > 0
ax + b
(c 0, ad - bc 0) :
cx + d
d
Tp xc nh D = R \ - .
c
4. Hm s nht bin y =
d
a
v mt tim cn ngang l y = . Giao im ca
c
c
hai tim cn l tm i xng ca th hm s.
Cc dng th:
th c mt tim cn ng l x = -
ad bc > 0
ad bc < 0
ax 2 + bx + c
(a.a ' 0, t khong chia het cho mau) :
a' x + b'
b'
Tp xc nh D = R \ - .
a'
5. Hm s hu t y =
th c mt tim cn ng l x = -
b'
v mt tim cn xin. Giao im ca hai tim
a'
cn l tm i xng ca th hm s.
Cc dng th:
a.a > 0
Trang 19
a.a < 0
Kho st hm s
Trn S Tng
y = 0 c 2 nghim phn bit
y = 0 v nghim
Bai 1. Kho st s bin thin v v th ca cc hm s:
a) y = x 3 - 3 x 2 - 9 x + 1
b) y = x 3 + 3 x 2 + 3 x + 5
x3
1
- x2 +
3
3
d) y = ( x - 1)2 (4 - x )
a) y = x - 2 x - 1
e) y =
b) y = x - 4 x + 1
d) y = ( x - 1)2 ( x + 1)2
e) y = - x 4 + 2 x 2 + 2
x +1
2x +1
a) y =
b) y =
x -1
x +2
1- 2x
3x - 1
d) y =
e) y =
1+ 2x
x -3
x2 + x + 1
a) y =
x +1
1
x -1
Bai 5. V th ca cc hm s:
d) y = - x + 1 +
3
a) y = x - 3 x + 2
d) y =
x +1
x -1
x2 + x + 2
b) y =
x -1
e) y =
x2
1- x
b) y = - x 3 + 3 x 2 - 2
e) y =
x2 - x + 2
x -1
Trang 20
c) y = - x 3 + 3 x 2 - 2
f) y = - x3 - 3 x 2 - 4 x + 2
x4
5
c) y =
- 3x2 +
2
2
f) y = -2 x 4 + 4 x 2 + 8
3- x
x -4
x -2
f) y =
2x +1
c) y =
x2 + x - 2
c) y =
x +1
f) y =
x2 - 2x
x +1
c) y = x 4 - 2 x 2 - 3
f) y =
x2 + 3x + 3
x+2
Trn S Tng
Kho st hm s
VII. MT S BI TON LIN QUAN

N KHO ST HM S
1. S TNG GIAO CA CC TH
1. Cho hai th (C1): y = f(x) v (C2): y = g(x). tm honh giao im ca (C1) v (C2)
ta gii phng trnh: f(x) = g(x) (*) (gi l phng trnh honh giao im).
S nghim ca phng trnh (*) bng s giao im ca hai th.
2. th hm s bc ba y = ax 3 + bx 2 + cx + d (a 0) ct trc honh ti 3 im phn bit
Phng trnh ax 3 + bx 2 + cx + d = 0 c 3 nghim phn bit.
Hm s y = ax 3 + bx 2 + cx + d c cc i, cc tiu v yC .yCT < 0 .
Bai 1. Tm to giao im ca cc th ca cc hm s sau:
x2
3
y
=
+ 3x
2
2
a)
x
1
y = +
2 2
2x - 4
y =
b)
x -1
y = - x 2 + 2 x + 4
c) y = 4 x - 3 x
y = - x + 2
y = x
f)
x -1
y = -3 x + 1
Bai 2. Bin lun theo m s giao im ca cc th ca cc hm s sau:
x3 x2
+
- 2x
x3
y =
y = x3 - 3 x - 2
y
=
+ 3x
3
2
b)
c)
a)
3
y = m( x - 2)
y = m x + 1 + 13
y = m( x - 3)
2 12
y = x 4 - x 2 + 1
d)
2
y = 4 x - 5
y = x 3 - 5 x 2 + 10 x - 5
e)
2
y = x - x + 1
2x +1
y =
d)
x+2
y = 2 x + m
x +1
y =
e)
x -1
y = -2 x + m
y = x - 6 x + 3
f)
x+2
y = x - m
1
y = - x + 3 +
g)
1- x
y = mx + 3
y = x - 3x + 3
h)
x -2
y = mx - 4 m - 1
y = 2 x 3 - x + 1
i)
2
y = m( x - 1)
Bai 3. Tm m th cc hm s:
( x + 2)2 - 1
; y = mx + 1 ct nhau ti hai im phn bit.
x+2
2 x 2 - 3x + m
y=
; y = 2 x + m ct nhau ti hai im phn bit.
x -1
mx 2 + x + m
y=
; y = mx + 2 ct nhau ti hai im c honh tri du.
x -1
x2 + 4 x + 5
y=
; y = mx + 2 ct nhau ti hai im c honh tri du.
x+2
( x - 2)2
y=
; y = mx + 3 ct nhau ti hai im thuc hai nhnh khc nhau.
1- x
a) y =
b)
c)
d)
e)
Trang 21
Kho st hm s
Trn S Tng
mx 2 + x + m
ct trc honh ti hai im phn bit c honh dng.
x -1
f) y =
a) y = x 3 + 3 x 2 + mx + 2m; y = - x + 2 ct nhau ti ba im phn bit.

b) y = mx 3 + 3mx 2 - (1 - 2 m) x - 1 ct trc honh ti ba im phn bit.
c) y = ( x - 1)( x 2 - mx + m 2 - 3) ct trc honh ti ba im phn bit.
d) y = x 3 + 2 x 2 - 2 x + 2 m - 1; y = 2 x 2 - x + 2 ct nhau ti ba im phn bit.
e) y = x 3 + 2 x 2 - m2 x + 3m; y = 2 x 2 + 1 ct nhau ti ba im phn bit.
a) y = x 4 - 2 x 2 - 1; y = m ct nhau ti bn im phn bit.
b) y = x 4 - m(m + 1) x 2 + m3 ct trc honh ti bn im phn bit.
c) y = x 4 - (2m - 3) x 2 + m2 - 3m ct trc honh ti bn im phn bit.
Bai 6. Tm m th ca cc hm s:
3x + 1
a) y =
; y = x + 2 m ct nhau ti hai im phn bit A, B. Khi tm m on AB
x-4
ngn nht.
4x -1
b) y =
; y = - x + m ct nhau ti hai im phn bit A, B. Khi tm m on AB
2- x
ngn nht.
x2 - 2 x + 4
; y = mx + 2 - 2 m ct nhau ti hai im phn bit A, B. Khi tnh AB
x -2
theo m.
Bai 7. Tm m th ca cc hm s:
c) y =
a) y = x 3 - 3mx 2 + 6 mx - 8 ct trc honh ti ba im c honh lp thnh mt cp s

cng.
b) y = x 3 - 3 x 2 - 9 x + 1; y = 4 x + m ct nhau ti ba im A, B, C vi B l trung im ca
on AC.
c) y = x 4 - (2m + 4) x 2 + m 2 ct trc honh ti bn im c honh lp thnh mt cp s
cng.
d) y = x 3 - (m + 1) x 2 - (m - 1) x + 2 m - 1 ct trc honh ti ba im c honh lp thnh
mt cp s nhn.
e) y = 3 x 3 + (2m + 2) x 2 + 9mx + 192 ct trc honh ti ba im c honh lp thnh mt
cp s nhn.
Trang 22
Trn S Tng
Kho st hm s
2. BIN LUN S NGHIM CA PHNG TRNH BNG TH

C s ca phng php: Xt phng trnh: f(x) = g(x)
(1)
S nghim ca phng trnh (1) = S giao im ca (C1): y = f(x) v (C2): y = g(x)
Nghim ca phng trnh (1) l honh giao im ca (C1): y = f(x) v (C2): y = g(x)
bin lun s nghim ca phng trnh F(x, m) = 0 (*) bng th ta bin i (*) v mt
trong cc dng sau:
Dng 1:
F(x, m) = 0 f(x) = m
(1)
y
Khi (1) c th xem l phng trnh honh
(C)
c.
giao im ca hai ng:
(d) : y = m
m
A
c.
yC
(C): y = f(x)
c.
d: y = m
d l ng thng cng phng vi trc honh.
xA
x
Da vo th (C) ta bin lun s giao im
yCT
ca (C) v d. T suy ra s nghim ca (1)
Dng 2:
F(x, m) = 0 f(x) = g(m) (2)
Thc hin tng t nh trn, c th t g(m) = k.
Bin lun theo k, sau bin lun theo m.
F(x, m) = 0 f(x) = kx + m (3)
(k: khng i)
Khi (3) c th xem l phng trnh honh
giao im ca hai ng:
(C): y = f(x)
d: y = kx + m
V d c h s gc k khng i nn d cng phng
vi ng thng y = kx v ct trc tung ti im A(0; m).
Vit phng trnh cc tip tuyn d1, d2, ca (C)
c h s gc k.
Da vo cc tung gc m, b1, b2, ca d, d1, d2,
bin lun.
d1
Dng 4:
F(x, m) = 0 f(x) = m(x x0) + y0 (4)
Khi (4) c th xem l phng trnh
y
honh giao im ca hai ng:
d3
(C): y = f(x)
d: y = m(x x0) + y0
y0 M 1
d quay quanh im c nh M0(x0; y0).
d1
Vit phng trnh cc tip tuyn d1, d2,
0
ca (C) i qua M0.
Cho d quay quanh im M0 bin lun.
y = kx
c.d
b1
Dng 3:
d2
M1
O
m A
(C)
M2
b2
m = +
c.
M2
m>0
(C)
M
(+)
d
m=0
()
x0
IV m < 0
x
Ch :
d2
Nu F(x, m) = 0 c nghim tho iu kin: a x b th ta ch v m

th=(C):
y = f(x) vi
a x b.
Nu c t n s ph th ta tm iu kin ca n s ph, sau bin lun theo m.
Trang 23
Kho st hm s
Trn S Tng
VN 1: Bin lun s nghim ca phng trnh bng th

bin lun s nghim ca phng trnh F(x, m) = 0 (*) ta bin i (*) v mt trong cc
dng nh trn, trong lu y = f(x) l hm s kho st v v th.
Bai 1. Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s. Dng th (C) bin lun theo m
s nghim ca phng trnh:

a) y = x 3 - 3 x + 1; x 3 - 3 x + 1 - m = 0
b) y = - x 3 + 3 x - 1; x 3 - 3 x + m + 1 = 0
c) y = x 3 - 3 x + 1; x 3 - 3 x - m 2 - 2 m - 2 = 0
d) y = - x 3 + 3 x - 1; x 3 - 3 x + m + 4 = 0
x4
e) y = + 2 x 2 + 2; x 4 - 4 x 2 - 4 + 2 m = 0
f) y = x 4 - 2 x 2 + 2; x 4 - 2 x 2 - m + 2 = 0
2
x2 - 5x + 7
a) y =
;
x 2 - (m + 5) x + 3m + 7 = 0
x -3
2
2x - 4x + 2
b) y =
;
2 x 2 - 2(m + 2) x - 3m + 2 = 0
2x + 3
2
x +1
;
(m - 1) x 2 + 2 x - 1 = 0
c) y =
x
x2 - 2x + 4
;
d) y =
x 2 - 2(m + 1) x + 4(m + 1) = 0
2x - 4
2x2
;
2x -1
2 x 2 - 3x
y
b) =
;
x -2
x2 + 3x + 3
c) y =
;
x+2
a) y =
2sin 2 a + 2m cos a - m - 2 = 0 (0 a p )
cos 2a - (m + 3) cos a + 2 m + 1 = 0 (0 a p )
cos2 a + (3 - m) cos a + 3 - 2 m = 0 (0 a p )
d) y = x 3 - 3 x 2 + 6;
cos3 x - 3cos2 x + 6 - m = 0
x2 - 5x + 7
;
2t + (3m + 7)2 -t = m + 5
x -3
2
x + x -1
b) y =
;
2t + (m - 1)2 -t = m - 1
x -1
2
2 x - 5x + 4
c) y =
;
2e2 t - (5 + m )et + 4 + m = 0
x -1
x2 - 5x + 4
d) y =
;
e2t - (5 + m)et + 4 = 0
x
Bai 5. Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s. T th (C) hy suy ra th (T).
Dng th (T) bin lun theo m s nghim ca phng trnh:
a) y =
a) (C ) : y =
x 2 - 3x + 6
x 2 - 3x + 6 x2 - 3x + 6
; (T ) : y =
;
- 2m = 0
x -1
x -1
x -1
Trang 24
Trn S Tng
Kho st hm s
x2 - 5x + 4
x2 - 5x + 4 x2 - 5x + 4
b) (C ) : y =
; (T ) : y =
;
-m+2 = 0
x
x
x
c) (C ) : y = x 3 - 3 x 2 + 6; (T ) : y = x 3 - 3 x 2 + 6 ; x 3 - 3 x 2 + 6 - m + 3 = 0
3
d) (C ) : y = 2 x 3 - 9 x 2 + 12 x - 4; (T ) : y = 2 x - 9 x 2 + 12 x - 4; 2 x - 9 x 2 + 12 x + m = 0
e) (C ) : y = ( x + 1)2 (2 - x ); (T ) : y = ( x + 1)2 2 - x ;( x + 1)2 2 - x = (m + 1)2 (2 - m )
x2 +1
x2 + 1
; (T ) : y =
; (m - 1) x 2 + 2 x - 1 = 0
x
x
x+2
Bai 6. Cho hm s y = f ( x ) =
.
x -1
a) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.
b) Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca (C) vung gc vi ng thng x - 3 y = 0 .
c) Dng th (C), bin lun s nghim ca phng trnh:
f) (C ) : y =
3 x 2 - (m + 2) x + m + 2 = 0
x +1
.
x -1
b) Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca (C) vung gc vi ng thng x - 2 y = 0 .
c) Dng th (C), bin lun theo m s nghim ca phng trnh:
2 x 2 - (m + 1) x + m + 1 = 0
x2
.
x -1
b) Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca (C) i qua im A(0; 1).
c) Dng th (C), bin lun theo m s nghim ca phng trnh:
(1 - m ) x 2 - (1 - m ) x + 1 = 0
VN 2: Bin lun s nghim ca phng trnh bc ba bng th

C s ca phng php: Xt phng trnh bc ba: ax 3 + bx 2 + cx + d = 0 (a 0) (1)
Gi (C) l th ca hm s bc ba: y = f ( x ) = ax 3 + bx 2 + cx + d
S nghim ca (1) = S giao im ca (C) vi trc honh
Dng 1: Bin lun s nghim ca phng trnh bc 3
Trng hp 1: (1) ch c 1 nghim (C) v Ox c 1 im chung
f khong co cc tr (h.1a)
f co 2 cc tr
(h.1b)
yC .yCT > 0
y
(C)
(C)
yC
A
x0
(h.1a)
A
x0
Trang 25
yCT
x1 o
x2
(h.1b)
Kho st hm s
Trn S Tng
Trng hp 2: (1) c ng 2 nghim (C) tip xc vi Ox

f co 2 cc tr

yC .yCT = 0
(h.2)
y
(C)
(C)
yC
A
x0 o
yC
(H.2)
A
B
x1
x'0
B x2
x0 x1 x'0 o
yC
C
x"0
x
(H.3)
(yCT = f(x0) = 0)
Trng hp 3: (1) c 3 nghim phn bit (C) ct Ox ti 3 im phn bit

f co 2 cc tr
(h.3)
yC .yCT < 0
Dng 2: Phng trnh bc ba c 3 nghim cng du
Trng hp 1: (1) c 3 nghim dng phn bit
(C) ct Ox ti 3 im phn bit c honh dng
f co 2 cc tr
y .y < 0
C CT
xC > 0, xCT > 0
a. f (0) < 0 (hay ad < 0)
y
a>0
(C)
yC
yC
o
yCT
B x2
xA x1 xB
a<0
f(0)
C
xC
A x1 B
xA
xB x2
yCT
f(0)
C
xC
x
(C)
Trng hp 2: (1) c 3 nghim c m phn bit

(C) ct Ox ti 3 im phn bit c honh m
f co 2 cc tr
y .y < 0
C CT
xC < 0, xCT < 0
a. f (0) > 0 (hay ad > 0)
a>0
a<0
(C)
(C)
f(0)
yC
A
B x2
xA x1 xB
C
xC o
yCT
yC
xA
Trang 26
A x1 B
C
xB x2 xC o
yCT
f(0)
Trn S Tng
Kho st hm s
Bai 1. Tm m cc phng trnh sau ch c 1 nghim:
a) 2 x 3 - 3(m + 1) x 2 + 6 mx - 2 = 0
b) x 3 - 3 x 2 + 3(1 - m) x + 1 + 3m = 0
c) 2 x 3 - 3mx 2 + 6(m - 1) x - 3m + 12 = 0
d) x 3 - 6 x 2 - 3(m - 4) x + 4m - 8 = 0
e) 2 x 3 + 3(m - 1) x 2 + 6(m - 2) x + 2 - m = 0
f) x 3 - 3mx + 2 m = 0
Bai 2. Tm m cc phng trnh sau ch c 2 nghim:
a) x 3 - (m + 1) x 2 - (2 m 2 - 3m + 2) x + 2 m(2 m - 1) = 0
b) x 3 - 3mx + 2 m = 0
c) x 3 - (2m + 1) x 2 + (3m + 1) x - (m + 1) = 0
d) x 3 - 3 x 2 + 3(1 - m) x + 1 + 3m = 0
Bai 3. Tm m cc phng trnh sau c 3 nghim phn bit:
a) x 3 - 3mx 2 + 3(m 2 - 1) x - (m 2 - 1) = 0 b) x 3 - 6 x 2 - 3(m - 4) x + 4m - 8 = 0
1 3
x -x+m = 0
3
Bai 4. Tm m cc phng trnh sau c 3 nghim dng phn bit:
c) 2 x 3 + 3(m - 1) x 2 + 6(m - 2) x + 2 - m = 0
d)
a) x 3 - 3mx 2 + 3(m 2 - 1) x - (m 2 - 1) = 0 b) x 3 - 6 x 2 - 3(m - 4) x + 4m - 8 = 0

1 3 5 2
7
x - x + 4x + m + = 0
d) x 3 - mx 2 + (2 m + 1) x - m - 2 = 0
3
2
6
Bai 5. Tm m cc phng trnh sau c 3 nghim m phn bit:
c)
a) 2 x 3 + 3(m - 1) x 2 + 6(m - 2) x + 2 - m = 0
b) x 3 - 3mx 2 + 3(m 2 - 1) x - (m 2 - 1) = 0
c) x 3 + 3 x 2 - 9 x + m = 0
d) x 3 - x 2 + 18mx - 2 m = 0
Trang 27
Kho st hm s
Trn S Tng
3. S TIP XC CA HAI NG. TIP TUYN CA NG CONG.

1. ngha hnh hc ca o hm: o hm ca hm s y = f(x) ti im x0 l h s gc ca
tip tuyn vi th (C) ca hm s ti im M0 ( x0 ; f ( x0 ) ) .
Khi phng trnh tip tuyn ca (C) ti im M0 ( x0 ; f ( x0 ) ) l:
y y0 = f (x0).(x x0)
(y0 = f(x0))
2. iu kin cn v hai ng (C1): y = f(x) v (C2): y = g(x) tip xc nhau l h
phng trnh sau c nghim:
f ( x ) = g( x )
(*)
f '( x ) = g '( x )
Nghim ca h (*) l honh ca tip im ca hai ng .

3. Nu (C1): y = px + q v (C2): y = ax2 + bx + c th
(C1) v (C2) tip xc nhau phng trnh ax 2 + bx + c = px + q c nghim kp.
VN 1: Lp phng trnh tip tuyn ca ng cong (C): y = f(x)
Bi ton 1: Vit phng trnh tip tuyn D ca (C): y =f(x) ti im M0 ( x0 ; y0 ) :
Nu cho x0 th tm y0 = f(x0).
Nu cho y0 th tm x0 l nghim ca phng trnh f(x) = y0.
Tnh y = f (x). Suy ra y(x0) = f (x0).
Phng trnh tip tuyn D l: y y0 = f (x0).(x x0)
Bi ton 2: Vit phng trnh tip tuyn D ca (C): y =f(x), bit D c h s gc k cho trc.
Cch 1: Tm to tip im.
Gi M(x0; y0) l tip im. Tnh f (x0).
D c h s gc k f (x0) = k (1)
Gii phng trnh (1), tm c x0 v tnh y0 = f(x0). T vit phng trnh ca D.
Cch 2: Dng iu kin tip xc.
Phng trnh ng thng D c dng: y = kx + m.
D tip xc vi (C) khi v ch khi h phng trnh sau c nghim:
f ( x ) = kx + m
(*)
f '( x ) = k
Gii h (*), tm c m. T vit phng trnh ca D.

Ch : H s gc k ca tip tuyn D c th c cho gin tip nh sau:
+ D to vi chiu dng trc honh gc a th k = tana
+ D song song vi ng thng d: y = ax + b th k = a
1
+ D vung gc vi ng thng d: y = ax + b (a 0) th k = a
k -a
+ D to vi ng thng d: y = ax + b mt gc a th
= tan a
1 + ka
Bi ton 3: Vit phng trnh tip tuyn D ca (C): y = f(x), bit D i qua im A( x A ; y A ) .
Cch 1: Tm to tip im.
Gi M(x0; y0) l tip im. Khi : y0 = f(x0), y0 = f (x0).
Phng trnh tip tuyn D ti M: y y0 = f (x0).(x x0)
D i qua A( x A ; y A ) nn: yA y0 = f (x0).(xA x0)
(2)
Gii phng trnh (2), tm c x0. T vit phng trnh ca D.
Cch 2: Dng iu kin tip xc.
Phng trnh ng thng D i qua A( x A ; y A ) v c h s gc k: y yA = k(x xA)
Trang 28
Trn S Tng
Kho st hm s
D tip xc vi (C) khi v ch khi h phng trnh sau c nghim:

f ( x) = k( x - x A ) + yA
(*)
f '( x ) = k
Gii h (*), tm c x (suy ra k). T vit phng trnh tip tuyn D.
Bai 1. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca (C) ti im c ch ra:
a) (C): y = 3 x 3 - x 2 - 7 x + 1 ti A(0; 1)
b) (C): y = x 4 - 2 x 2 + 1 ti B(1; 0)
3x + 4
2
ti C(1; 7)
d) (C): y = x + 1 ti D(0; 3)
2x - 3
2x -1
Bai 2. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca (C) ti im c ch ra:
c) (C): y =
x2 - 3x + 3
ti im A c xA = 4
x -2
3( x - 2)
ti im B c yB = 4
b) (C): y =
x -1
x +1
c) (C): y =
ti cc giao im ca (C) vi trc honh, trc tung.
x -2
a) (C): y =
d) (C): y = 2 x - 2 x 2 + 1 ti cc giao im ca (C) vi trc honh, trc tung.

e) (C): y = x 3 - 3 x + 1 ti im un ca (C).
1 4
9
x - 2 x 2 - ti cc giao im ca (C) vi trc honh.
4
4
Bai 3. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca (C) ti cc giao im ca (C) vi ng c ch ra:
f) (C): y =
a) (C): y = 2 x 3 - 3 x 2 + 9 x - 4 v d: y = 7 x + 4 .
b) (C): y = 2 x 3 - 3 x 2 + 9 x - 4 v (P): y = - x 2 + 8 x - 3 .
c) (C): y = 2 x 3 - 3 x 2 + 9 x - 4 v (C): y = x 3 - 4 x 2 + 6 x - 7 .
Bai 4. Tnh din tch tam gic chn hai trc to bi tip tuyn ca th (C) ti im c
ch ra:
5 x + 11
ti im A c xA = 2 .
a) (C): y =
2x - 3
b) (C): y = x 2 - 7 x + 26 ti im B c xB = 2.
Bai 5. Tm m tip tuyn ca th (C) ti im c ch ra chn hai trc to mt tam
gic c din tch bng S cho trc:
2x + m
1
a) (C): y =
ti im A c xA = 2 v S = .
x -1
2
x - 3m
9
b) (C): y =
ti im B c xB = 1 v S = .
x+2
2
c) (C): y = x3 + 1 - m( x + 1) ti im C c xC = 0 v S = 8.
Bai 6. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn D ca (C), bit D c h s gc k c ch ra:
2x -1
a) (C): y = 2 x 3 - 3 x 2 + 5 ; k = 12
b) (C): y =
; k = 3
x -2
x2 - 3x + 4
c) (C): y =
; k = 1
d) (C): y = x 2 - 4 x + 3 ; k = 2
x -1
Bai 7. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn D ca (C), bit D song song vi ng thng d cho trc:
Trang 29
Kho st hm s
Trn S Tng
x3
2x -1
3
- 2 x 2 + 3 x + 1 ; d: y = 3x + 2
b) (C): y =
; d: y = - x + 2
3
x -2
4
2
x - 2x - 3
1
3
c) (C): y =
; d: 2 x + y - 5 = 0
d) (C): y = x 4 - 3 x 2 + ; d: y = 4x + 1
4x + 6
2
2
Bai 8. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn D ca (C), bit D vung gc vi ng thng d cho trc:
a) (C): y =
x3
x
2x -1
a) (C): y =
- 2 x 2 + 3 x + 1 ; d: y = - + 2
b) (C): y =
; d: y = x
x -2
3
8
x2 + 3
x2 + x - 1
c) (C): y =
; d: y = 3x
d) (C): y =
; d: x 2
x +1
x+2
Bai 9. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn D ca (C), bit D to vi chiu dng trc Ox gc a:
x3
x3
- 2 x 2 + x - 4; a = 600
b) (C): y =
- 2 x 2 + x - 4; a = 750
3
3
3x - 2
c) (C ) : y =
; a = 450
x -1
Bai 10. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn D ca (C), bit D to vi ng thng d mt gc a:
a) (C): y =
x3
a) (C): y =
- 2 x 2 + x - 4; d : y = 3 x + 7; a = 450
3
x3
1
- 2 x 2 + x - 4; d : y = - x + 3; a = 30 0
b) (C): y =
3
2
4x - 3
; d : y = 3 x; a = 450
c) (C ) : y =
x -1
3x - 7
d) (C ) : y =
; d : y = - x; a = 60 0
-2 x + 5
x2 - x + 3
; d : y = - x + 1; a = 60 0
e) (C ) : y =
x -2
Bai 11. Tm m tip tuyn D ca (C) ti im c ch ra vung gc vi ng thng d cho
trc:
x 2 + (2m + 1) x - 2 + m
ti im A c xA = 0 v d l tim cn xin ca (C).
a) (C): y =
x +1
2 x 2 + mx - 1
b) (C): y =
; ti im B c xB = 4 v d: x 12y + 1 = 0 .
x -3
Bai 12. Tm m tip tuyn D ca (C) ti im c ch ra song song vi ng thng d cho
trc:
(3m + 1) x - m 2 + m
(m 0) ti im A c yA = 0 v d: y = x - 10 .
x+m
Bai 13. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn D ca (C), bit D i qua im c ch ra:
a) (C): y =
a) (C): y = - x 3 + 3 x - 2 ; A(2; 4)
b) (C): y = x 3 - 3 x + 1 ; B(1; 6)
3
1 4
3
x - 3 x 2 + ; D 0;
2
2
2
3x + 4
f) (C): y =
; F(2; 3)
x -1
x2 - x + 2
h) y =
; H(2; 2)
x -1
c) (C): y = ( 2 - x 2 ) ; C(0; 4)
d) (C): y =
x +2
; E(6; 5)
x -2
x2 - 3x + 3
g) (C): y =
; G(1; 0)
x -2
e) (C): y =
Trang 30
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VN 2: Tm iu kin hai ng tip xc

1. iu kin cn v hai ng (C1): y = f(x) v (C2): y = g(x) tip xc nhau l h
phng trnh sau c nghim:
f ( x ) = g( x )
(*)
f '( x ) = g '( x )
Nghim ca h (*) l honh ca tip im ca hai ng .

2. Nu (C1): y = px + q v (C2): y = ax2 + bx + c th
(C1) v (C2) tip xc nhau phng trnh ax 2 + bx + c = px + q c nghim kp.
Bai 1. Tm m hai ng (C1), (C2) tip xc nhau:
a) (C1 ) : y = x3 + (3 + m) x 2 + mx + 2; (C2 ) : truc hoanh

b) (C1 ) : y = x 3 - 2 x 2 - (m - 1) x + m; (C2 ) : truc hoanh
c) (C1 ) : y = x 3 + m( x + 1) + 1; (C2 ) : y = x + 1
d) (C1 ) : y = x 3 + 2 x 2 + 2 x - 1; (C2 ) : y = x + m
Bai 2. Tm m hai ng (C1), (C2) tip xc nhau:
a) (C1 ) : y = x 4 + 2 x 2 + 1; (C2 ) : y = 2mx 2 + m

b) (C1 ) : y = - x 4 + x 2 - 1; (C2 ) : y = - x 2 + m
1
9
c) (C1 ) : y = - x 4 + 2 x 2 + ; (C2 ) : y = - x 2 + m
4
4
d) (C1 ) : y = ( x + 1)2 ( x - 1)2 ; (C2 ) : y = 2 x 2 + m
(2m - 1) x - m 2
e) (C1 ) : y =
; (C2 ) : y = x
x -1
x2 - x + 1
f) (C1 ) : y =
; (C2 ) : y = x 2 + m
x -1
VN 3: Lp phng trnh tip tuyn chung ca hai th
(C1): y = f(x) v C2): y = g(x)
1. Gi D: y = ax + b l tip tuyn chung ca (C1) v (C2).
u l honh tip im ca D v (C1), v l honh tip im ca D v (C2).
D tip xc vi (C1) v (C2) khi v ch khi h sau c nghim:
f (u) = au + b
(1)
f '(u) = a
(2)
(3)
g(v ) = av + b
=
g
'(
v
)
a
(4)
T (2) v (4) f (u) = g (v) u = h(v)

(5)
Th a t (2) vo (1) b = j(u)
(6)
Th (2), (5), (6) vo (3) v a u b. T vit phng trnh ca D.
2. Nu (C1) v (C2) tip xc nhau ti im c honh x0 th mt tip tuyn chung ca (C1) v
(C2) cng l tip tuyn ca (C1) (v (C2)) ti im .
Bai 1. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn chung ca hai th:
a) (C1 ) : y = x 2 - 5 x + 6; (C2 ) : y = - x 2 + 5 x - 11
b) (C1 ) : y = x 2 - 5 x + 6; (C2 ) : y = - x 2 - x - 14
Trang 31
Kho st hm s
Trn S Tng
c) (C1 ) : y = x 2 - 5 x + 6; (C2 ) : y = x 3 + 3 x - 10
VN 4: Tm nhng im trn th (C): y = f(x) sao cho ti
tip tuyn ca (C) song song hoc vung gc vi mt ng thng d cho trc
Gi M(x0; y0) (C). D l tip tuyn ca (C) ti M. Tnh f (x0).
V
D // d
nn
f (x0) = kd
(1)
1
hoc
D^d
nn
f (x0) = (2)
kd
Gii phng trnh (1) hoc (2) tm c x0. T tm c M(x0; y0) (C).
Bai 1. Tm cc im trn th (C) m tip tuyn ti vung gc vi ng thng d cho
trc:
x2 + 3x + 6
1
; d: y = x
x +1
3
2
x + x +1
b) (C): y =
; d l tim cn xin ca (C)
x +1
x2 + x - 1
; d l ng thng i qua hai im cc i, cc tiu ca (C).
c) (C): y =
x -1
x2 - x + 1
d) (C): y =
; d: y = x
x
Bai 2. Tm cc im trn th (C) m tip tuyn ti song song vi ng thng d cho
trc:
a) (C): y =
a) (C): y = x 3 + x 2 + x + 10 ; d: y = 2 x
b) (C): y =
x2 - x + 1
; d: y = x
x
VN 5: Tm nhng im trn ng thng d m t c th v c

1, 2, 3, tip tuyn vi th (C): y = f(x)
Gi s d: ax + by +c = 0. M(xM; yM) d.
Phng trnh ng thng D qua M c h s gc k: y = k(x xM) + yM
D tip xc vi (C) khi h sau c nghim:
f ( x ) = k ( x - x M ) + yM
(1)
(2)
f '( x ) = k
Th k t (2) vo (1) ta c: f(x) = (x xM).f (x) + yM
(3)
S tip tuyn ca (C) v t M = S nghim x ca (3)
Bai 1. Tm cc im trn th (C) m t v c ng mt tip tuyn vi (C):
a) (C ) : y = - x 3 + 3 x 2 - 2
b) (C ) : y = x 3 - 3 x + 1
Bai 2. Tm cc im trn ng thng d m t v c ng mt tip tuyn vi (C):
x2 + x + 2
; d l trc honh
x -1
x 2 + 3x + 3
d) (C ) : y =
; d: x = 1
x+2
x +1
; d l trc tung
x -1
2x2 + x
c) (C ) : y =
; d: y = 1
x +1
x+3
e) (C ) : y =
; d: y = 2x + 1
x -1
a) (C ) : y =
b) (C ) : y =
Trang 32
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Bai 3. Tm cc im trn ng thng d m t v c t nht mt tip tuyn vi (C):
x2 - 6x + 9
x 2 + 3x + 3
; d l trc tung
b) (C ) : y =
; d l trc tung
x +1
-x + 2
2x +1
3x + 4
; d: x = 3
d) (C ) : y =
; d: y = 2
c) (C ) : y =
x -2
4x - 3
Bai 4. Tm cc im trn ng thng d m t v c hai tip tuyn vi (C):
a) (C ) : y =
x2 + x - 2
x2 - x -1
; d l trc honh
b) (C ) : y =
; d l trc tung
x+2
x +1
x 2 + 3x + 3
c) (C ) : y =
; d: y = 5
x+2
Bai 5. Tm cc im trn ng thng d m t v c ba tip tuyn vi (C):
a) (C ) : y =
a) (C ) : y = - x 3 + 3 x 2 - 2 ; d: y = 2
b) (C ) : y = x 3 - 3 x ; d: x = 2
c) (C ) : y = - x 3 + 3 x + 2 ; d l trc honh d) (C ) : y = x 3 - 12 x + 12 ; d: y = 4
e) (C ) : y = x 4 - x 2 - 2 ; d l trc tung
e) (C ) : y = - x 4 + 2 x 2 - 1 ; d l trc tung
Bai 6. T im A c th k c bao nhiu tip tuyn vi (C):
4 4
1
a) (C ) : y = x 3 - 9 x 2 + 17 x + 2 ; A(2; 5)
b) (C ) : y = x 3 - 2 x 2 + 3 x + 4; A ;
3
9 3
c) (C ) : y = 2 x 3 + 3 x 2 - 5; A(1; -4)
Bai 7. T mt im bt k trn ng thng d c th k c bao nhiu tip tuyn vi (C):
a) (C ) : y = x 3 - 6 x 2 + 9 x - 1 ; d: x = 2
b) (C ) : y = x 3 - 3 x ; d: x = 2
VN 6: Tm nhng im m t c th v c
2 tip tuyn vi th (C): y = f(x) v 2 tip tuyn vung gc vi nhau
Gi M(xM; yM).
Phng trnh ng thng D qua M c h s gc k: y = k(x xM) + yM
D tip xc vi (C) khi h sau c nghim:
f ( x ) = k ( x - x M ) + yM
(1)
(2)
f '( x ) = k
Th k t (2) vo (1) ta c: f(x) = (x xM).f (x) + yM
(3)
Qua M v c 2 tip tuyn vi (C) (3) c 2 nghim phn bit x1, x2.
Hai tip tuyn vung gc vi nhau f (x1).f (x2) = 1
T tm c M.
Ch : Qua M v c 2 tip tuyn vi (C) sao cho 2 tip im nm v hai pha vi trc
(3) co 2 nghiem phan biet
honh th
f ( x1 ). f ( x2 ) < 0
Bai 1. Chng minh rng t im A lun k c hai tip tuyn vi (C) vung gc vi nhau.
Vit phng trnh cc tip tuyn :
1
a) (C ) : y = 2 x 2 - 3 x + 1; A 0; -
4
c) (C ) : y =
b) (C ) : y =
x2 + 2x + 2
; A(1; 0)
x +1
d)
Trang 33
x2 + x +1
; A(1; -1)
x +1
Kho st hm s
Trn S Tng
Bai 2. Tm cc im trn ng thng d m t c th v c hai tip tuyn vi (C)
vung gc vi nhau:
a) (C ) : y = x 3 - 3 x 2 + 2 ; d: y = 2
b) (C ) : y = x 3 + 3 x 2 ; d l trc honh
2 x2 + x + 1
x2 - 2 x + 1
; d l trc tung
d) (C ) : y =
; d l trc tung
x +1
x -1
x 2 - 3x + 2
e) (C ) : y =
; d: x = 1
x
Bai 3. Tm m d ct (C) ti hai im phn bit m ti hai tip tuyn vi (C) vung gc
vi nhau:
c) (C ) : y =
- x2 + x - m
x 2 + mx - 8
a) (C ) : y =
; d: y = 1
b) (C ) : y =
; d l trc honh
2x + m
x-m
x 2 - 2mx + m
c) (C ) : y =
; d l trc honh
x+m
Bai 4. Tm m t im A k c 2 tip tuyn vi (C) sao cho 2 tip im nm v hai pha
vi trc honh;
x+2
a) (C ) : y =
; A(0; m)
b)
x -1
VN 7: Cc bi ton khc v tip tuyn
Bai 1. Cho hypebol (H) v im M bt k thuc (H). Gi I l giao im ca hai tim cn.
Tip tuyn ti M ct 2 tim cn ti A v B.

1) Chng minh M l trung im ca on AB.
2) Chng minh din tch ca DIAB l mt hng s.
3) Tm im M chu vi DIAB l nh nht.
2x -1
x +1
4x - 5
a) ( H ) : y =
b) ( H ) : y =
c) ( H ) : y =
x -1
x -1
-2 x + 3
Bai 2. Cho hypebol (H) v im M bt k thuc (H). Gi I l giao im ca hai tim cn.
Tip tuyn ti M ct 2 tim cn ti A v B.
1) Chng minh M l trung im ca on AB.
2) Chng minh tch cc khong cch t M n 2 ng tim cn l khng i.
2) Chng minh din tch ca DIAB l mt hng s.
3) Tm im M chu vi DIAB l nh nht.
x2 - 3x + 4
x 2 - 3x + 3
x2 + 2 x + 2
b) ( H ) : y =
c) ( H ) : y =
2x - 2
x -1
x +1
Bai 3. Tm m tip tuyn ti im M bt k thuc hypebol (H) ct hai ng tim cn to
thnh mt tam gic c din tch bng S:
2 mx + 3
a) ( H ) : y =
; S=8
x-m
Bai 4. Tm im M thuc hypebol (H) ti tip tuyn ct cc trc to ti cc im A, B
sao cho DOAB vung cn:
a) ( H ) : y =
x2 + x + 1
2 x2 + 5x
x2 + 3x + 3
a) ( H ) : y =
b) ( H ) : y =
c) ( H ) : y =
x -1
x+2
x+2
2
2x - x +1
Bai 5. Cho (C): y =
. Chng minh rng trn ng thng d: y = 7 c 4 im sao
x -1
cho t mi im c th k n (C) hai tip tuyn to vi nhau mt gc 450.
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Kho st hm s
Bai 6. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn vi ng cong (C) to vi cc trc to mt tam gic
c din tch S cho trc:

1
a) (C ) : y = x + ; S = 4
x
x3 + 1
1
b) (C ) : y =
;S=
x
2
Trang 35
Kho st hm s
Trn S Tng
4. H TH
Cho h ng (Cm): y = f(x, m) (m l tham s).
M(x0; y0) (Cm) y0 = f(x0, m)
(1)
Xem (1) l phng trnh theo n m.
Tu theo s nghim ca (1) ta suy ra s th ca h (Cm) i qua M.
Nu (1) nghim ng vi mi m th mi th ca h (Cm) u i qua M.
Khi , M c gi l im c nh ca h (Cm).
Nu (1) c n nghim phn bit th c n th ca h (Cm) i qua M.
Nu (1) v nghim th khng c th no ca h (Cm) i qua M.
VN 1: Tm im c nh ca h th (Cm): y = f(x, m)
Cch 1:
Gi M(x0; y0) l im c nh (nu c) ca h (Cm).
M(x0; y0) (Cm), "m
y0 = f(x0, m), "m
(1)
Bin i (1) v mt trong cc dng sau:
Dng 2: (1) Am 2 + Bm + C = 0 , "m

A = 0
A = 0
(2a)
B = 0
(2b)
B = 0
C = 0
Gii h (2a) hoc (2b) ta tm c to (x0; y0) ca im c nh.
Ch : Cc h (2a), (2b) l cc h phng trnh c 2 n x0, y0.
Cch 2:
Gi M(x0; y0) l im c nh (nu c) ca h (Cm).
M(x0; y0) (Cm), "m
y0 = f(x0, m), "m
(1)
t F(m) = f(x0, m) th F(m) = y0 khng i.
F (m) = 0
(3)
Gii (3) tm c x0. Thay x0 vo (1) tm c y0. T suy ra c cc im c nh.
Dng 1: (1) Am + B = 0, "m
Bai 1. Tm cc im c nh ca h th (Cm) c phng trnh sau:
a) y = (m - 1) x - 2m + 1
b) y = mx 2 + 2(m - 2) x - 3m + 1
c) y = (m + 1) x 3 - 2 mx 2 - (m - 2) x + 2 m + 1
d) y = (1 - 2m ) x 2 - (3m - 1) x + 5m - 2
e) y = x 3 + mx 2 - 9 x - 9m
f) y = (m - 2) x 3 - mx + 2
g) y = 2mx 4 - x 2 - 4m + 1
h) y = x 4 + mx 2 - m - 5
i) y =
(m - 1) x - 2
(m -1, m -2)
x-m
k) y =
l) y =
x 2 - 5mx + 7
mx - 2
m) y =
n) y =
2
m
x + 3m - 1
(m + 2) x + 4m
-2 x 2 + (m + 2) x + m
(m 0)
2x - m
2 x 2 + 6 x + 4m
x 2 + (m - 1) x + m
o) y =
x 2 + 2 mx + 2 m + 1
2 x 2 + (5m + 2) x + 6
Bai 2. Chng minh rng h th (Cm) c 3 im c nh thng hng. Vit phng trnh
ng thng i qua 3 im c nh :
a) y = (m + 3) x 3 - 3(m + 3) x 2 - (6m + 1) x + m + 1
b) y = (m + 2) x 3 - 3(m + 2) x 2 - 4 x + 2m - 1
c) y = (m - 4) x 3 - (6 m - 24) x 2 - 12mx + 7m - 18
Trang 36
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Kho st hm s
d) y = (m + 1) x3 - (2 m + 1) x - m + 1
VN 2: Tm im m khng c th no ca h th (Cm): y = f(x, m) i qua
Gi M(x0; y0) l im m khng c th no ca h (Cm) i qua.
M(x0; y0) (Cm), "m
y0 = f(x0, m) v nghim m
(1)
A = 0
Dng 1: (1) Am + B = 0 v nghim m
(2a)
B 0
A = B = 0
C 0
(2b)
Dng 2: (1) Am 2 + Bm + C = 0 v nghim m
A 0
B2 - 4 AC < 0
Ch : Kt qu l mt tp hp im.
Nhng im nm trn tim cn ng c nh ca hm hu t l nhng im th
khng i qua.
Bai 1. Tm cc im trong mt phng m khng c th no ca h (Cm) i qua:
m +1
m2
a) y = (m + 2) x + m 2 + 2 m
b) y =
c) y = mx 2 + 2(1 - m ) x + 1 + m (m 0)
d) y = x 2 - m 3 x + m 2 - 2
e) y = 2 x3 + 3mx 2 - m 3 - 5m 2 - 4
f) y = mx 3 - m 2 x 2 - 4 mx + 4 m 2 - 6
m2 + m + 1
x+
m2 + m + 1
(3m + 1) x - m 2 + m
(m - 2) x - m 2 + 2 m - 4
h) y =
x+m
x -m
x 2 + mx + 8 - m
x 2 - 2 mx + m + 2
i) y =
k) y =
x -1
x-m
2
2
x + mx - 2m + 4
x + (3m - 1) x - 10
l) y =
m) y =
2
x + 2x + 5
x 2 - 3x + 2
Bai 2. Tm cc im thuc (L) m khng c th no ca h (Cm) i qua:
g) y =
a) (Cm): y = mx 3 - m 2 x 2 - 4 mx + 4 m 2 - 6 ; (L) l trc honh.

b) (Cm): y = 2 x 3 - 3(m + 3) x 2 + 18mx + 6 ; (L): y = x 2 + 14 .
c) (Cm): y =
x 2 - mx + m 2 - m + 1
; (L) l trc tung.

mx + m 2 + m + 1
(m + 1) x 2 + m 2 x + 1
d) (Cm): y =
; (L): x = 2.
x+m
m2 x 2 + 1
e) (Cm): y =
; (L): y = 1.
x
VN 3: Tm im m mt s th ca h th (Cm): y = f(x, m) i qua
Ta c:
M(x0; y0) (Cm)
y0 = f(x0, m)
(1)
Am + B = 0 (2a)
hoc Am 2 + Bm + C = 0
S nghim ca (2a) hoc (2b) theo m = S (Cm) i qua M.
Trang 37
(2b)
Kho st hm s
Trn S Tng
Bai 1. Tm cc im trong mt phng sao cho c ng k th ca h (Cm) i qua:
a) (Cm): y =
2 mx + m2 + 2m
; k = 1.
2( x + m )
b) (Cm): y =
- x 2 + mx - m 2
; k = 2.
x-m
c) (Cm): xy - 2my - 2mx + m 2 x - 4 m = 0 ; k = 1.

Bai 2. Tm cc im thuc (L) sao cho c ng k th ca h (Cm) i qua:
a) (Cm): y = x 3 + (m 2 + 1) x 2 - 4 m ; (L): x = 2; k = 1.
b) (Cm): y = x 3 + (m 2 + 1) x 2 - 4 m ; (L): x = 2; k = 2.
c) (Cm): y = x 3 + (m 2 + 1) x 2 - 4 m ; (L): x = 2; k = 3.
Bai 3. Chng minh rng cc im thuc (L) c ng k th ca h (Cm) i qua:
mx 2 - (m 2 + m - 1) x + m 2 - m + 2
; (L): x > 1; k = 2.
x-m
(m + 1) x 2 - m 2
b) (Cm): y =
; (L): x > 0; k = 2.
x-m
a) (Cm): y =
c) (Cm): y = x 4 - 2 mx 2 + m 2 + 1 ; (L): y = 1; k = 1.
d) (Cm): y = x 3 - (m + 1) x 2 - (2 m3 - 3m + 2) x + 2 m(2m - 1) ; (L): x = 1, y > 2; k = 2.
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Kho st hm s
5. TP HP IM
Bi ton: Tm tp hp cc im M(x; y) tho tnh cht a.
Nhn xt: Tm tp hp im M trong mt phng to l tm phng trnh ca tp hp
im .
Dng 1: Tm to ca im M.
1) Tm iu kin (nu c) ca tham s m tn ti im M.
2) Tnh to im M theo tham s m.
C cc trng hp xy ra:
x = f (m)
Trng hp 1: M
y = g(m )
Kh tham s m gia x v y, ta c mt h thc gia x, y c lp vi m c dng:
F(x, y) = 0
(gi l phng trnh qu tch)
x = a (hang so )
Trng hp 2: M
y = g(m )
Khi im M nm trn ng thng x = a.
x = f (m)
Trng hp 3: M
y = b (hang so )
Khi im M nm trn ng thng y = b.
3) Gii hn qu tch: Da vo iu kin (nu c) ca m ( bc 1), ta tm c iu kin
ca x hoc y tn ti im M(x; y). l gii hn ca qu tch.
4) Kt lun: Tp hp cc im M c phng trnh F(x, y) = 0 (hoc x = a, hoc y = b) vi
iu kin ca x hoc y ( bc 3).
Dng 2: Trong trng hp ta khng th tnh c to ca im M theo tham s m m ch
thit lp c mt h thc cha to ca M th ta tm cch kh tham s m trong h thc
tm c h thc dng F(x, y) = 0.
Ch : Nu bi ton ch hi : im M chy trn ng no th ta ch tm phng trnh
F(x, y) = 0 m khng cn tm gii hn ca qu tch.
Bai 1. Tm tp hp cc im c bit ca h th cho.
a) (Pm): y = 2 x 2 - (m - 2) x + 2m - 4 . Tm tp hp cc nh ca (Pm).
b) (Cm): y = x 3 - 3mx 2 + 2 x - 3m - 1 . Tm tp hp cc im un ca (Cm).
c) (Cm): y = 2 x3 - 3(2m + 1) x 2 + 6m(m + 1) x + 1 . Tm tp hp cc im cc i ca (Cm).
(m - 1) x + 1
. Tm tp hp cc tm i xng ca (Hm).
mx - 1
2 x 2 - 3mx + 5m
e) (Hm): y =
. Tm tp hp cc im cc i ca (Hm).
x -2
Bai 2. Cho (C) v (C). Tm tp hp trung im ca on thng.
1) Tm m (C) v (C) ct nhau ti hai im phn bit A, B.
2) Tm tp hp cc trung im I ca on thng AB.
d) (Hm): y =
a) (C): y = x 3 + 3 x 2 + mx + 1 v (C): y = x 3 + 2 x 2 + 7 .
b) (C): y = x 2 - mx + 3 v (C): y = mx + 2 .
x -1
v (C): 2 x - y + m = 0
x +1
( x - 2)2
d) (C): y =
v (C) l ng thng i qua A(0; 3) v c h s gc m.
1- x
c) (C): y =
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Kho st hm s
Trn S Tng
x2 + 4 x + 3
v (C): y = mx + 1 .
x+2
Bai 3. Cho (C) v (C).Tm tp hp cc im.
1) Tm m (C) ct (C) ti 3 im phn bit A, B, C (trong xC khng i).
2) Tm tp hp cc trung im I ca on thng AB.
e) (C): y =
a) (C): y = x 3 - 3 x 2 v (C): y = mx .
b) (C): y = x 3 - 2(m + 1) x 2 + (m2 + 1) x - m 2 v (C): y = -3mx + m .
c) (C): y = x 3 - 6 x 2 + 9 x v (C): y = mx .
d) (C): y = ( x + 2)( x - 1)2 v (C) l ng thng i qua C(2; 0) v c h s gc m.
Bai 4. Cho (C). Tm tp hp cc im t c th v c hai tip tuyn ca (C) vung gc
vi nhau.
a) (C): y = x +
Bai 5.
1
x
a) Cho (C): y =
b) (C): y =
x2 + x + 1
x +1
x -2
. Tm tp hp cc im trn trc tung m t c th k c tip
x -1
tuyn vi (C).
b) Cho (C): y = - x 3 + 3 x 2 - 2 . Tm tp hp cc im trn ng thng y = 2 m t c
th k c 3 tip tuyn vi (C).
Trang 40
Trn S Tng
Kho st hm s
6. HM S C CHA DU GI TR TUYT I
Bi ton: V th ca hm s y = f(x) vi f(x) c cha du gi tr tuyt i.
Cch 1: Kho st s bin thin v v th.
Xt du biu thc c cha du gi tr tuyt i.
Chia min xc nh thnh nhiu khong, trong mi khong ta b du gi tr tuyt i.
V th hm s tng ng trong cc khong ca min xc nh.
Cch 2: Thc hin cc php bin i th.
Dng 1: V th hm s y = f ( x ) .
th (C) ca hm s y = f ( x ) c th c suy t th (C) ca hm s y = f(x)
nh sau:
+ Gi nguyn phn th (C) pha trn trc honh.
+ Ly i xng phn th ca (C) pha di trc honh qua trc honh.
+ th (C) l hp ca hai phn trn.
Dng 2: V th ca hm s y = f ( x ) .
th (C) ca hm s y = f ( x ) c th c suy t th (C) ca hm s y = f(x)
nh sau:
+ Gi nguyn phn th (C) bn phi trc tung, b phn bn tri trc tung.
+ Ly i xng phn bn phi trc tung qua trc tung.
+ th (C) l hp ca hai phn trn.
Bai 1. Kho st s bin thin v v th (C). T suy ra th C). Dng th (C) bin
lun s nghim ca phng trnh (1):

a) (C): y = x 3 - 3 x 2 - 6 ; (C): y = x 3 - 3 x 2 - 6 ; x 3 - 3 x 2 - 6 = m
(1)
b) (C): y = x 4 - 2 x 2 - 3 ; (C): y = x 4 - 2 x 2 - 3 ; x 4 - 2 x 2 - 3 = m
(1)
c) (C): y =
2 x2 + 5x - 2
2 x 2 + 5x - 2 2 x2 + 5 x - 2
; (C): y =
;
= m (1)
x +1
x +1
x +1
d) (C): y =
x2 - x - 1
x2 - x - 1 x2 - x - 1
; (C): y =
;
=m
x-2
x -2
x -2
Trang 41
(1)
Kho st hm s
Trn S Tng
2x - 2
2x - 2 2x - 2
; (C): y =
;
=m
(1)
x-2
x -2
x -2
Bai 2. Kho st s bin thin v v th (C). T suy ra th C). Dng th (C) bin
lun s nghim ca phng trnh (1):
e) (C): y =
a) (C): y = 2 x 3 - 9 x 2 + 12 x - 4 ; (C): y = 2 x - 9 x 2 + 12 x - 4 ; 2 x - 9 x 2 + 12 x = m
b) (C): y =
2x
2x
; (C): y =
; (m - 2). x - m = 0
x -1
x -1
(1)
x2 + 4 x + 5
x2 + 4 x + 5 x2 + 4 x + 5
c) (C): y =
; (C): y =
;
= m (1)
x+2
x +2
x +2
Bai 3. Kho st s bin thin v v th (C). T suy ra th C). Dng th (C), tm
m phng trnh (1) c k nghim phn bit:
a) (C): y = x 4 - 2 x 2 - 1 ; (C): y = x 4 - 2 x 2 - 1 ; x 4 - 2 x 2 - 1 = log 2 m ; k = 6.
3
b) (C): y = x 3 - 6 x 2 + 9 x ; (C): y = x - 6 x 2 + 9 x ; x - 6 x 2 + 9 x - 3 + m = 0 ; k = 6.
c) (C): y =
2 x2 + 5x - 2
2 x 2 + 5x - 2 2 x2 + 5 x - 2
; (C): y =
;
= m ; k = 4.
x +1
x +1
x +1
d) (C): y =
x4
5
x4
5 x4
5
- 3 x 2 + ; (C): y =
- 3x2 + ;
- 3 x 2 + = m 2 - 2m ; k = 8.
2
2
2
2
2
2
Trang 42
Trn S Tng
Kho st hm s
7. IM C BIT TRN TH CA HM S
VN 1: Tm im trn th (C): y = f(x) c to nguyn
P( x )
Tm cc im trn th hm s hu t y =
c to l nhng s nguyn:
Q( x )
P( x )
a
Phn tch y =
thnh dng y = A( x ) +
, vi A(x) l a thc, a l s nguyn.
Q( x )
Q( x )
x
Khi
Q(x) l c s ca a. T ta tm cc gi tr x nguyn Q(x) l
y
c s ca a.
Th li cc gi tr tm c v kt lun.
Bai 1. Tm cc im trn th (C) ca hm s c to nguyn:
x - 10
x +2
c) y =
x+2
x -2
2
2
x + x +1
x + 2x
4
e) y =
f) y = x + 1 +
d) y =
x+2
x +1
x -1
Bai 2. Tm cc im trn th (C) ca hm s c to nguyn:
a) y =
x +2
x +1
a) y = x + y 2 + 2( x + 1) y + 4 x
b) y =
b) y = 2 x + y 2 + 4( x - 1)y + 6 x
VN 2: Tm cp im trn th (C): y = f(x)

i xng qua ng thng d: y = ax + b
C s ca phng php: A, B i xng nhau qua d d l trung trc ca on AB
Phng trnh ng thng D vung gc vi d: y = ax = b c dng:
1
(C)
D: y = - x + m
(d)
a
Phng trnh honh giao im ca D v (C):
1
B
f(x) = - x + m
(1)
a
A
I
Tm iu kin ca m D ct (C) ti 2 im
phn bit A, B. Khi xA, xB l cc nghim ca (1).
Tm to trung im I ca AB.
T iu kin: A, B i xng qua d I d, ta tm
c m xA, xB yA, yB A, B.
x = xB
Ch : A, B i xng nhau qua trc honh A
y A = - yB
x = - xB
A, B i xng nhau qua trc tung A
y A = yB
x = xB
A, B i xng nhau qua ng thng y = b A
y A + yB = 2 b
x + xB = 2 a
A, B i xng nhau qua ng thng x = a A
y A = yB
Bai 1. Tm trn th (C) ca hm s hai im i xng nhau qua ng thng d:
Trang 43
(D)
Kho st hm s
Trn S Tng
x+4
;
d : x - 2y - 6 = 0
x -2
x2
x2 + x -1
c) (C ) : y =
;
d : y = x -1
d) (C ) : y =
; d : y = x -1
x -1
x -1
Bai 2. Cho th (C) v ng thng d. Vit phng trnh th (C) i xng vi (C) qua
ng thng d:
a) (C ) : y = x 3 + x;
d : x + 2y = 0
b) (C ) : y =
2 x2 - 3x + 7
a) (C ) : y = 3 x - 5 x + 10 x - 2; d : x = -2
b) (C ) : y =
; d:x=2
x -1
x2 + x - 2
2 x2 + 5x - 3
c) (C ) : y =
; d:y=2
d) (C ) : y =
; d : y = -1
x-2
x -1
Bai 3. Tm m trn th (C) c mt cp im i xng nhau qua ng thng d:
3
a) (C ) : y = mx 3 + 3 x 2 + 2 x + m2 ; d : Ox
VN 3: Tm cp im trn th (C): y = f(x) i xng qua im I(a; b)
C s ca phng php: A, B i xng nhau qua I I l trung im ca AB.
Phng trnh ng thng d qua I(a; b),
c h s gc k c dng: y = k ( x - a) + b .
Phng trnh honh giao im ca (C) v d:
I
B
f(x) = k ( x - a) + b (1)
A
Tm iu kin d ct (C) ti 2 im phn bit
A, B. khi xA, xB l 2 nghim ca (1).
T iu kin: A, B i xng qua I I l trung im ca AB, ta tm c k xA, xB.
x = - xB
Ch : A, B i xng qua gc to O A
y A = - yB
Bai 1. Tm trn th (C) ca hm s hai im i xng nhau qua im I:
5
x2 + x + 2
; I 0;
x -1
2
x+4
I O(0; 0)
d) (C ) : y =
;
c) (C ) : y = x 3 - 3 x 2 - 2 x + 1;
I O(0; 0)
x +1
3x + 4
2 x2 - 5x + 1
;
I (1;1)
e) (C ) : y =
; I ( -2; -5)
e) (C ) : y =
2x -1
x +1
Bai 2. Cho th (C) v im I. Vit phng trnh th (C) i xng vi (C) qua im I:
a) (C ) : y = x 3 - 4 x 2 + x + 2;
I (2; 4)
b) (C ) : y =
a) (C ) : y = 2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 5 x + 1;
I (1; 2)
b) (C ) : y =
( x - 1)2
;
x -2
I (1;1)
x2 - x + 1
x3 - 2 x2 - 5x + 1
; I (2;1)
d) (C ) : y =
;
x -1
2x - 3
Bai 3. Tm m trn th (C) c mt cp im i xng nhau qua im:
c) (C ) : y =
a) (C ) : y = x 3 - 3mx 2 + 3(m 2 - 1) x + 1 - m2 ;
3
I (2;1)
I O(0; 0)
b) (C ) : y = x + mx + 7 x + 3; I O(0; 0)
c) (C ) : y = x 3 + mx 2 + 9 x + 4; I O(0; 0)
Trang 44
d) (C ) : y =
x 2 + 2 m2 x + m 2
; I O(0; 0)
x +1
Trn S Tng
Kho st hm s
VN 4: Khong cch
Kin thc c bn:

1) Khong cch gia hai im A, B:
AB =
( x B - x A )2 + ( y B - y A )2
2) Khong cch t im M(x0; y0) n ng thng D: ax + by + c = 0:

ax0 + by0 + c
d(M, D) =
a2 + b 2
3) Din tch tam gic ABC:
uuur uuur 2
1
1
S = AB. AC.sin A =
AB 2 . AC 2 - ( AB. AC )
2
2
Bai 1. Cho th (C) v im A. Tm im M trn (C) sao cho AM nh nht. Chng minh
rng khi AM nh nht th ng thng AM vung gc vi tip tuyn ca (C) ti M.

a) (C ) : y = x 2 - 1;
b) (C ) : y = x 2 ;
A O(0; 0)
A(3; 0)
c) (C ) : y = 2 x 2 + 1;
A(9;1)
Bai 2. Cho th (C) v ng thng d. Tm im M trn (C) sao cho khong cch t M n
d l nh nht.
x2 + 4x + 5
; d : y = -3 x - 6
x+2
x +1
c) (C ) : y = x - x 2 ;
d : y = 2( x + 1)
d) (C ) : y =
; d : y = -2 x + 3
x -1
Bai 3. Tm cc im M thuc th (C) sao cho d(M,Ox) = k.d(M,Oy) vi k cho trc.
x+2
x2 + x -1
a) (C ) : y =
;
k =1
b) (C ) : y =
; k =1
x -2
x -1
x2 + x -1
x2 + 2x + 2
c) (C ) : y =
; k=2
d) (C ) : y =
; k=2
x -1
x +1
Bai 4. Tm cc im M thuc hypebol (H) sao cho tng cc khong cch t n hai tim
cn l nh nht.
x+2
2x -1
4x - 9
a) ( H ) : y =
b) ( H ) : y =
c) ( H ) : y =
x -2
x +1
x -3
2
2
x + x -2
x - x +1
x2 + 3x + 3
e) ( H ) : y =
f) ( H ) : y =
d) ( H ) : y =
x -3
2- x
x+2
Bai 5. Tm cc im M thuc hypebol (H) sao cho tng cc khong cch t n hai trc
to l nh nht.
x -1
2x +1
4x - 9
a) ( H ) : y =
b) ( H ) : y =
c) ( H ) : y =
x +1
x-2
x -3
x 2 + x - 11
x2 - 3
x2 + x - 6
d) ( H ) : y =
e) ( H ) : y =
f) ( H ) : y =
x -1
x -2
x -3
Bai 6. Tm cc im M thuc hypebol (H) sao cho khong cch t n giao im ca hai
tim cn l nh nht.
a) (C ) : y = 2 x 4 - 3 x 2 + 2 x + 1;
d : y = 2 x - 1 b) (C ) : y =
x2 + 2 x + 2
x2 - x + 1
b) ( H ) : y =
;x >1
x -1
x -1
Bai 7. Cho hypebol (H). Tm hai im A, B thuc hai nhnh khc nhau ca (H) sao cho
di AB l nh nht.
a) ( H ) : y =
Trang 45
Kho st hm s
2x + 3
4x - 9
c) ( H ) : y =
2-x
x -3
2
1
x - 3x + 3
x2 - 2x + 5
d) ( H ) : y = 2 x + 1 +
e) ( H ) : y =
f) ( H ) : y =
x
x -1
1- x
Bai 8. Cho (C) v ng thng d. Tm m d ct (C) ti 2 im A, B sao cho di AB l
nh nht.
a) ( H ) : y =
x -1
x +1
Trn S Tng
b) ( H ) : y =
x2 + 6 x - 4
a) ( H ) : y =
; d:y=k
x +1
b) ( H ) : y =
Trang 46
x +1
; d : 2x - y + m = 0
x -1
Trn S Tng
Kho st hm s
VIII. N TP KHO ST HM S
Bai 1. Cho hm s: y = x 3 + ax 2 - 4, a l tham s.
a) Kho st v v th vi a = 3.
b) Tm cc gi tr ca tham s a phng trnh sau c nghim duy nht:
x 3 + ax 2 - 4 = 0
S:
b) a < 3.
Bai 2. a) Kho st v v th hm s: y = x 3 - 6 x 2 + 9 x - 1 .
b) T mt im bt k trn ng thng x = 2 ta k c bao nhiu tip tuyn ti th
ca hm s?
S:
b) mt tip tuyn.
Bai 3. Cho hm s: y = x 3 - 3 x (1)
a) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s (1).
b) Chng minh rng m khi thay i, ng thng d cho bi phng trnh:
y = m( x + 1) + 2 lun ct th hm s (1) ti mt im A c nh. Hy xc nh cc gi
tr ca m ng thng d ct th hm s (1) ti 3 im A, B, C khc nhau sao cho
tip tuyn vi th ti B v C vung gc vi nhau.
2
S:
b) A(-1; 2); m = -1 +
2
3
Bai 4. a) Kho st v v th hm s: y = x 4 - 2 x 2 - 1
(1)
b) Vi nhng gi tr no ca m th phng trnh sau c 6 nghim phn bit.
x 4 - 2 x 2 - 1 = log 4 m (2)
S:
b) 4 < m < 16.
Bai 5. Cho hm s: y = x 4 - 5 x 2 + 4
(1)
a) Kho st v v th (C) ca hm s.
b) Tm iu kin ca tham s m ng thng y = m ct th (C) ca hm s ti 4
im phn bit.
c) Tm m sao cho th (C) ca hm s chn trn ng thng y = m ba on thng c
di bng nhau.
9
7
S:
b) - < m < 4
c) m =
4
4
1
3
Bai 6. Cho hm s: y = x 4 - mx 2 +
(1)
2
2
a) Kho st v v th (C) ca hm s khi m = 3.
3
b) Vit phng trnh tip tuyn i qua A 0; tip xc vi (C).
2
c) Xc nh m hm s (1) c cc tiu m khng c cc i.
3
3
; y = 2 2 x +
2
2
3x + 4
Bai 7. Cho hm s: y =
(H )
x -1
S:
b) y =
c) m 0.
Trang 47
Kho st hm s
Trn S Tng
a) Kho st v v th hm s.
b) Vi gi tr no ca a, ng thng y = ax + 3 khng ct th (H)?
c) Qua im M(2 ; 3) vit phng trnh tip vi th (H).
S:
b) 28 < a 0
c) y = 28x + 59.
x -2
(C ) .
Bai 8. a) Kho st v v th y =
x -1
b) Tm tt c nhng im trn th (C) cch u hai im A(0; 0) v B(2; 2).
S: b)
(2 ; 0), (0 ; 2).
1
Bai 9. Cho hm s: y = x - 2 + (C )
x
a) Kho st v v th (C).
b) Tm trn (C) cc im cch u hai trc ta .
c) Tm k ng thng y = k ct (C) ti hai im m ti hai tip tuyn vi (C) vung
gc vi nhau.
1 1
S:
b) M ;
c) k = - 2 5.
2 2
x 2 - (m + 1) x + 4 m 2 - 4 m - 2
x - (m - 1)
a) Kho st v v th vi m = 2.
b) Tm cc gi tr ca m hm s xc nh v ng bin trn khong (0 ; +)
S: b)
2- 3
3
m
7
2
x2 + 2 x + 2
.
x +1
b) Gi I l tm i xng ca th (C) v M l mt im trn (C). Tip tuyn ti M vi
(C) ct hai ng tim cn ti A v B. Chng minh rng M l trung im ca on AB v
din tch tam gic IAB khng ph thuc vo v tr im M trn (C).
Bai 11. a) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s: y =
S:
b) SIAB = 2 2.
x2 + 2 x + 2
1
= x +1+
(C )
x +1
x +1
a) Kho st v v th (C).
b) Tm trn th hm s cho cc im sao cho tip tuyn ti vung gc vi tim
cn xin ca n.
2 3 2
2
3 2
S: b)
M1 -1 +
;
; ; M2 - 1
2
2
2
2
x 2 + (m + 1) x - mx + 1
(Cm )
x-m
a) Kho st v v th (C) ca hm s ng vi m = 2.
b) Chng minh rng tch cc khong cch t mt im ty thuc th (C) (vi m = 2
cu trn) ti hai ng tim cn lun bng mt hng s.
c) Vi gi tr no ca m th hm s cho c cc i, cc tiu, ng thi gi tr cc i
v gi tr cc tiu cng du.
S:
b)
9 2
2
c) m < - 3 - 2 3 hay m > -3 + 2 3
Trang 48
Trn S Tng
Kho st hm s
x2 + 4 x + 1
x+2
b) Tm cc im trn th c khong cch n ng thng ( ) : y + 3x + 6 = 0 l nh
nht.
3 5
5
5
S:
b) M1 - ; ; M2 - ; - .
2 2
2
2
Bai 14. a) Kho st v v th hm s: y =
2 x 2 + mx - 2
vi m l tham s.
x -1
a) Xc nh m tam gic to bi hai trc ta v ng tim cn xin ca th ca
hm s trn c din tch bng 4.
b) Kho st v v th hm s trn khi m = 3.
S:
a) m = 6 hay m = 2.
x2 + x + 1
.
x
a) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s trn.
b) Xc nh m sao cho phng trnh sau c nghim:
t 4 - (m - 1)t 3 + 3t 2 - (m - 1)t + 1 = 0
S:
b) m -
3
7
hay m .
2
2
Bai 17. Cho hm s: y = - x 3 + 3mx 2 + 3(1 - m 2 ) + m 2 - m 2 (1) (m l tham s)

a) Kho st s bin thin v v th hm s (1) khi m = 1.
b) Tm k phng trnh - x 3 + 3 x 2 + k 3 - 3k 2 = 0 c 3 nghim phn bit.
c) Vit phng trnh ng thng i qua hai im cc tr ca th hm s (1).
S:
c) y = 2 x - m 2 + m
b) -1 < k < 3; k 0; k 2;
Bai 18. Cho hm s: y = mx 4 + (m 2 - 9) x 2 + 10 (1) (m l tham s)

a) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s (1) khi m = 1.
b) Tm m hm s (1) c ba im cc tr.
S:
b) m < - 3 hay 0 < m < 3.
(2 m - 1) x - m 2
(1) (m l tham s)
x -1
a) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s (1) ng vi m = 1.
b) Tnh din tch hnh phng gii hn bi ng cong (C) v hai trc ta .
c) Tm m th ca hm s (1) tip xc vi ng thng y = x.
S:
b) S = 1 + 4 ln
4
3
c) m 1.
mx 2 + x + m
(1) (m l tham s)
x -1
a) Kho st s bin thin v v th hm s (1) khi m = 1.
b) Tm m th hm s (1) ct trc honh ti hai im phn bit v hai im c
honh dng.
S:
b) -
1
< m < 0.
2
Trang 49
Kho st hm s
Trn S Tng
Bai 21. Cho hm s: y = x 3 - 3 x 2 + m (1) (m l tham s)

a) Tm m hm s (1) c hai im phn bit i xng nhau qua gc ta .
b) Kho st s bin thin v v th hm s (1) khi m = 2.
a) m > 0.
S:
x2 - 2 x + 4
(1)
x -2
b) Tm m ng thng dm: y = mx + 2 2m ct th ca hm s (1) ti hai im
phn bit.
S:
b) m > 1.
Bai 22. a) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s y =
- x2 + 3x - 3
(1)
2( x - 1)
b) Tm m ng thng y = m ct th ti 2 im A, B sao cho AB = 1.
1 5
.
2
1
Bai 24. Cho hm s: y = x 3 - 2 x 2 + 3 x (1) c th (C)
3
b) Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca (C) ti im un v chng minh rng
tuyn ca (C) c h s gc nh nht.
S:
S:
b) m =
l tip
8
b) D : y = - x + ; k = -1.
3
Bai 25. Cho hm s: y = x 3 - 3mx 2 + 9 x + 1 (1) (vi m l tham s)

a) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s (1) khi m = 2.
b) Tm m im un ca th hm s (1) thuc ng thng y = x + 1.
S:
b) m = 0 hay m = 2 hay m = 2.
Chn thnh cm n cc bn ng nghip v cc em hc sinh c tp ti liu ny.

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Trang 50
Trn S Tng
Hm s lu tha m logarit
CHNG II
HM S LU THA HM S M HM S
LOGARIT
I. LU THA
1. nh ngha lu tha
S m a
C s a
a = n N*
a =0
aR
a0
a = -n ( n N * )
a0
m
(m Z , n N * )
n
a = lim rn (rn Q, n N * )
a=
Lu tha aa
aa = a n = a.a......a (n tha s a)
aa = a 0 = 1
1
aa = a -n = n
a
m
a>0
a a = a n = n a m ( n a = b b n = a)
a>0
a a = lim a rn
2. Tnh cht ca lu tha

Vi mi a > 0, b > 0 ta c:
a
a .a = a
a +b
aa
= a a -b
b
a
a > 1 : aa > a b a > b ;

Vi 0 < a a b a 0 ;
am > b m m < 0
Ch : + Khi xt lu tha vi s m 0 v s m nguyn m th c s a phi khc 0.
+ Khi xt lu tha vi s m khng nguyn th c s a phi dng.
3. nh ngha v tnh cht ca cn thc
Cn bc n ca a l s b sao cho bn = a .
Vi a, b 0, m, n N*, p, q Z ta c:
n
ab = n a .n b ;
Neu
a na
=
(b > 0) ;
b nb
p q
n
m
= th a p = a q (a > 0) ; c bit
n m
Nu n l s nguyn dng l v a 0) ;
n
a=
mn
a = mn a
mn m
a<nb.
Nu n l s nguyn dng chn v 0 < a < b th

Ch :
a<nb.
+ Khi n l, mi s thc a ch c mt cn bc n. K hiu n a .

+ Khi n chn, mi s thc dng a c ng hai cn bc n l hai s i nhau.
4. Cng thc li kp
Gi A l s tin gi, r l li sut mi k, N l s k.
S tin thu c (c vn ln li) l:
C = A(1 + r ) N
Trang 51
Trn S Tng
Bai 1. Thc hin cc php tnh sau:

3
7
a) A = ( -1) -
8
3
3
42
c) C =
2
+ 83
d) D =
7
f) F =
10-3 :10 -2 - ( 0,25 ) + 10 -2
4. 64. 3 2
i) I =
3
32
2
5
1256. ( -16 ) . ( -2 )
2
25 ( -5 )
h) H = ( 4
-2
23.2 -1 + 5-3.54 - ( 0, 01) .10 -2
( )
3
2
32
-18 ) .2 4. ( -50 )
(
e) E =
4
5
2
( -25) . ( -4 ) . ( -27)
g) G =
( -3) . ( -15) .84

b) B =
6
4
92. ( -5 ) . ( -6 )
2
7
. - . ( -7 ) . -
7
14
( 0, 01)
-3
1
+ 25 3
)(2
1
3
1
- 10 3
81. 5 3. 5 9. 12
1
3
1
+ 53
k) K =
3 3 . 18 5 27. 6
Bai 2. Vit cc biu thc sau di dng lu tha vi s m hu t:

a)
d)
x2 3 x , ( x 0)
b)
23 3 2
3 2 3
e)
b3 a
, ( a, b 0 )
a b
4 3
c)
a8
f)
23 2 2
b2 b
b b
Bai 3. n gin cc biu thc sau:
a1,5 + b1,5
a) a
0,5
+b
0,5
- a 0,5 b 0,5
+
a-b
a 0,5 + 2
a 0,5 - 2 a 0,5 + 1
b)
.
a - 1 a 0,5
a + 2 a 0,5 + 1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
x 2 + 3y 2
x - 3y
x - y2
d)
+
.
2
x-y
2
1
1
x2 - y2
2b 0,5
a 0,5 + b 0,5
1
1
1
3 1
1
2
2
x2 - y2
x +y
x2 y2
2y
c)
+
.
1
1
1
1
2
x+y x-y
2y
2 - x2 y
xy
+
x
xy
e) ( a
g)
1
3
2
- b3
) .( a
a -1 + ( b + c )
2
3
1 2
+ a 3 .b 3
4
+ b3
f) ( a
1
4
1
- b4
) .( a
1
4
1
+ b4
) .( a
1
2
1
+ b2
-1
b 2 + c2 - a 2
-2
.1 +
.(a + b + c)
-1
2 bc
a -1 - ( b + c )
Bai 4. n gin cc biu thc sau:
a)
a-3b
a -6 b
a2 4 x + x a
c)
- a2 + x + 2 a x
4
a x + ax
ab 4 ab - b
b) ab :
a-b
a + ab
a+ x
d)
a2 - x 2
Trang 52
3
3
ax 2 - a2 x
3
a2 - 2 3 ax + x 2 - 6 x
6
a-6 x
Trn S Tng
3
a 3 a - 2a 3 b + 3 a2 b2 3 a2 b - 3 ab2
x x -x
+
e)
f)
3
3 2 3
4
4
3
3
a-3b
x -1
a - ab
x +1
- x
- x
4
4
x + 1

x - 1
3 a2 b - 3 ab2
-1
a + b ( 6
g)
. a - 6 b) + 6 a
3 2
3 2
3 2 3 2
3
a - b
a - 2 ab + b
Bai 5. So snh cc cp s sau:
a) ( 0, 01)
- 2
va (10 )
p
p
b) va
4
4
e) ( 0, 001)
d) 5300 va 8200
g) ( 2 )
k)
-3
va ( 2 )
4
h)
5
-5
1
4
3 - 1) va ( 3 - 1)
2
2
-4
3
l)
-0,3
- 2
va
5
va
4
c) 5-2
100
f) 4
va 5-3
:3 a
va ( 0,125 )
- 2
i) 0, 02 -10 va 5011
2
va
- 2
p
m)
2
5
2
p
va
2
10
3
Bai 6. So snh hai s m, n nu:

m
a) 3, 2 < 3,2
b) ( 2 )
3
3
d)
e)
>
2
2
Bai 7. C th kt lun g v s a nu:
2
1
(1 - a )- 3
1
(
)
> 1- a 2
e)
g) a < a
5
a) 4 = 1024
d) ( 3 3 )
2x
1
=
9
k) 5 x.2 x = 0, 001
5 - 1) < ( 5 - 1)
3
(2 - a)4
h) a
x -2
1
17
<a
5 2

2 5
2
e)
9
-x
> (2 - a)
-
a) 0,1 > 100
1
8
x+1
8
.
27
8
125
-x
27
=
64
12 ) . ( 3 ) =
x
1
b) > 3 0, 04
5
Trang 53
1
6
2 - 1) < ( 2 - 1)
1
c)
a
-0,2
< a2
1
1 2
1
f) >
a
a
c) 81 - 3 x =
3
f)
2
1
2
1
32
x 2 -5 x + 6
=1
3 x -7
h) 0,2 = 0, 008
9
i)
49
l)
f)
i) a-0,25 < a -

x
1
1
c) >
9
9
b)
0,25
1
g)
.322 x -8 =
0,125
8
> ( 2)
-3
-1
b) ( 2 a + 1) > ( 2 a + 1)
a) ( a - 1) 3 < ( a - 1) 3
d)
7
=
3
m) 71- x .41- x =
c) 0,3 x >
100
9
1
28
7 x -3
d) 7
x+ 2
. 49 343
1
27
g)
( 3)
.3 >
Trn S Tng
1
e)
3
x+2
1
<9
27
h) 27 x.31- x <
1
3
f) 3 x <
1
9 3
x
1
i) . 3 2 > 1
64
a) 2 x + 2 x+ 2 = 20
b) 3 x + 3 x+1 = 12
c) 5 x + 5 x-1 = 30
d) 4 x -1 + 4 x + 4 x +1 = 84
e) 42 x - 24.4 x + 128 = 0
f) 4 x +1 + 22 x +1 = 48
g) 3.9 x - 2.9- x + 5 = 0
h) 3 x
- 5 x +6
=1
Trang 54
i) 4 x + 2 x+1 - 24 = 0
Trn S Tng
II. LOGARIT
1. nh ngha
Vi a > 0, a 1, b > 0 ta c: log a b = a aa = b
a > 0, a 1
Ch : log a b c ngha khi
b > 0
lg b = log b = log10 b
Logarit thp phn:
n
1
Logarit t nhin (logarit Nepe): ln b = loge b (vi e = lim 1 + 2, 718281 )
n
2. Tnh cht
log a 1 = 0 ;
log a a b = b ;
log a a = 1 ;
loga b
= b (b > 0)
Cho a > 0, a 1, b, c > 0. Khi :

+ Nu a > 1 th log a b > loga c b > c
+ Nu 0 < a < 1 th log a b > loga c b < c
3. Cc qui tc tnh logarit
Vi a > 0, a 1, b, c > 0, ta c:
b
log a (bc) = log a b + loga c
log a = log a b - log a c log a ba = a loga b
c
4. i c s
Vi a, b, c > 0 v a, b 1, ta c:
log a c
log b c =
hay log a b. log b c = log a c
log a b
log a b =
1
log b a
1
log a c (a 0)
a
log aa c =
a) log 2 4.log 1 2
d) 4
g)
log2 3
+9
4
log
b) log 5
2
log 1 a
c) loga 3 a
log9 2
+ 4 log8 27
h) log3 6.log8 9.log6 2
i) 92 log 3 2
+ 4 log81 5
l) 25log 5 6 + 49log 7 8
m) 5
e) log
log a3 a.log a4 a1/3
1
. log27 9
25
2 2
f) 27
a
log3 5
k) 81
n) 9
1
log6 3
+ 27
+4
log 9 36
1
log8 2
+3
4 log 9 7
1+ log 9 4
o) 3
+4
2 - log 2 3
3-2 log 5 4
log125 27
+5
q) lg(tan10 ) + lg(tan 20 ) + ... + lg(tan 890 )

r) log8 log 4 (log2 16) .log2 log3 (log 4 64)
Bai 2. Cho a > 0, a 1. Chng minh: log a (a + 1) > loga +1 (a + 2)
Trang 55
p) log
3.log3 36
HD: Xt A =
Trn S Tng
log a+1 (a + 2)
loga +1 a + loga +1 (a + 2)
= log a+1 a.log a+1 (a + 2)
=
log a (a + 1)
2
log a+1 a(a + 2) loga +1 (a + 1)2

=
<
=1
2
2
Bai 3. So snh cc cp s sau:
1
2
3
a) log3 4 va log 4
b) log 0,1 3 2 va log 0,2 0,34 c) log 3
va log 5
3
5
4
4
d) log 1
3
1
1
va log 1
80
15 + 2
2
g) log 7 10 va log11 13
HD:
d) Chng minh: log 1

3
2
1
log6
3 2
e) log13 150 va log17 290
f) 2 log6 3 va
h) log 2 3 va log3 4
i) log 9 10 va log10 11
1
1
< 4 < log 1
80
15 + 2
2
e) Chng minh: log13 150 < 2 < log17 290

g) Xt A = log 7 10 - log11 13 =
log7 10.log7 11 - log7 13

log7 11
1
10.11.7
10
11
+ log7 .log 7 > 0
log 7
log7 11
7.7.13
7
7
h, i) S dng bi 2.
Bai 4. Tnh gi tr ca biu thc logarit theo cc biu thc cho:
a) Cho log2 14 = a . Tnh log 49 32 theo a.
=
b) Cho log15 3 = a . Tnh log 25 15 theo a.

c) Cho lg 3 = 0, 477 . Tnh lg 9000 ; lg 0, 000027 ;
1
log81 100
d) Cho log7 2 = a . Tnh log 1 28 theo a.

2
Bai 5. Tnh gi tr ca biu thc logarit theo cc biu thc cho:
49
theo a, b.
8
b) Cho log30 3 = a ; log30 5 = b . Tnh log30 1350 theo a, b.
a) Cho log 25 7 = a ; log2 5 = b . Tnh log 3 5
c) Cho log14 7 = a ; log14 5 = b . Tnh log35 28 theo a, b.

d) Cho log2 3 = a ; log3 5 = b ; log7 2 = c . Tnh log140 63 theo a, b, c.
Bai 6. Chng minh cc ng thc sau (vi gi thit cc biu thc cho c ngha):
a) bloga c = c loga b
b) log ax (bx ) =
log a b + log a x
1 + log a x
c)
log a c
= 1 + log a b
log ab c
a+b 1
= (log c a + logc b) , vi a2 + b2 = 7ab .
3
2
1
e) log a ( x + 2 y) - 2 log a 2 = (log a x + loga y ) , vi x 2 + 4 y 2 = 12 xy .
2
d) log c
f) log b+ c a + log c- b a = 2 log c+ b a.logc- b a , vi a2 + b2 = c2 .

Trang 56
Trn S Tng
g)
k (k + 1)
1
1
1
1
1
+
+
+
+ ... +
=
.
log a x loga2 x log a3 x log a4 x
logak x 2 log a x
h) log a N .log b N + log b N .logc N + logc N .log a N =

i) x = 10
1
1- lg z
, nu y = 10
1
1-lg x
va z = 10
1
1-lg y
log a N .log b N .logc N

.
log abc N
k)
1
1
1
1
+
+ ... +
=
.
log2 N log3 N
log2009 N log2009! N
l)
log a N - log b N loga N

, vi cc s a, b, c lp thnh mt cp s nhn.
=
log b N - logc N logc N
Trang 57
Trn S Tng
III. HM S LU THA
HM S M HM S LOGARIT
1. Khi nim
a) Hm s lu tha y = xa (a l hng s)
S m a
Hm s y = xa
Tp xc nh D
a = n (n nguyn dng)
y = xn
D=R
a = n (n nguyn m hoc n = 0)
y = xn
D = R \ {0}
a l s thc khng nguyn
y = xa
D = (0; +)
Ch : Hm s y =
1
xn
khng ng nht vi hm s y = n x (n N *) .
b) Hm s m y = a x (a > 0, a 1).
Tp xc nh:
D = R.
Tp gi tr:
T = (0; +).
Khi a > 1 hm s ng bin, khi 0 < a < 1 hm s nghch bin.
Nhn trc hnh lm tim cn ngang.
th:
y
y=ax
y=ax
1
a>1
0<a<1
c) Hm s logarit y = log a x (a > 0, a 1)

Tp xc nh:
D = (0; +).
Tp gi tr:
T = R.
Khi a > 1 hm s ng bin, khi 0 < a < 1 hm s nghch bin.
Nhn trc tung lm tim cn ng.
th:
y
y
y=logax
0<a<1
a>1
Trang 58
y=logax
Trn S Tng
2. Gii hn c bit
lim (1 +
x 0
1
x) x
ex -1
=1
x 0 x
ln(1 + x )
=1
x 0
x
1
= lim 1 + = e
x
x
lim
lim
3. o hm
( xa ) = a xa -1 ( x > 0) ;
( n x ) =
Ch :
1
n
n x n -1
( ua ) = a ua -1.u
( a x ) = a x ln a ;
( au ) = au ln a.u
( e x ) = e x ;
( eu ) = eu .u
( loga x ) = x ln1 a ;
( loga u ) = u lnu a
( ln x ) = 1
( ln u ) = u
(x > 0);
( n u ) =
vi x > 0 neu n chan

vi x 0 neu n le .
u
n
n u n-1
Bai 1. Tnh cc gii hn sau:
x
a) lim
x+ 1 + x
3x - 4
d) lim
x + 3 x + 2
1
b) lim 1 +
x +
x
x +1
3
ln x - 1
x e x - e
g) lim
x +1
x
x +1
e) lim
x+ 2 x - 1
e2 x - 1
x 0 3 x
h) lim
e x - e- x
esin 2 x - esin x
k) lim
l) lim
x0 sin x
x 0
x
Bai 2. Tnh o hm ca cc hm s sau:
3
a) y = x 2 + x + 1
d) y = 3 sin(2 x + 1)
b) y = 4
x +1
x -1
3
e) y = cot 1 + x 2
x +3
11
5
h) y = 9 + 6 x 9
g) y = sin
4
d) y = e
2x + x 2
g) y = 2 x .ecos x
b) y = ( x 2 + 2 x )e - x
e) y = x.e
h) y =
1
x- x
3
3x
2
x - x +1
Trang 59
2 x -1
2x +1
f) lim
x+ x - 1
ex - e
x1 x - 1
i) lim
m)
c) y = 5
a) y = ( x 2 - 2 x + 2)e x
x +1
c) lim
x+ x - 2
lim x ( e - 1)
1
x
x+
x2 + x - 2
x2 + 1
f) y =
i) y =
1- 3 2x
1+ 3 2x
4
x2 + x + 1
x2 - x + 1
c) y = e-2 x .sin x
f) y =
e2 x + e x
e2 x - e x
i) y = cos x .ecot x
Trn S Tng
a) y = ln(2 x 2 + x + 3)
b) y = log 2 (cos x )
c) y = e x .ln(cos x )
d) y = (2 x - 1) ln(3 x 2 + x )
e) y = log 1 ( x 3 - cos x )
f) y = log3 (cos x )
ln(2 x + 1)
i) y = ln x + 1 + x 2
x +1
2x +1
Bai 5. Chng minh hm s cho tho mn h thc c ch ra:
g) y =
ln(2 x + 1)
a) y = x.e
h) y =
x2
2 ;
b) y = ( x + 1)e x ; y - y = e x
xy = (1 - x 2 )y
c) y = e4 x + 2e- x ;
y - 13 y - 12 y = 0
d) y = a.e - x + b.e -2 x ; y + 3 y + 2 y = 0
g) y = e- x .sin x;
y + 2 y + 2 y = 0
4
h) y = e- x .cos x; y( ) + 4 y = 0
i) y = esin x ;
l) y =
1 2 x
x .e ;
2
y cos x - y sin x - y = 0
k) y = e2 x .sin 5 x; y - 4 y + 29 y = 0
y - 2 y + y = e x
m) y = e4 x + 2e - x ; y - 13y - 12 y = 0
n) y = ( x 2 + 1)(e x + 2010);
y =
2 xy
2
x +1
+ e x ( x 2 + 1)
Bai 6. Chng minh hm s cho tho mn h thc c ch ra:
1
a) y = ln
;
1+ x
xy + 1 = e y
c) y = sin(ln x ) + cos(ln x ); y + xy + x 2 y = 0
b) y =
1
; xy = y y ln x - 1
1 + x + ln x
d) y =
1 + ln x
; 2 x 2 y = ( x 2 y 2 + 1)
x (1 - ln x )
x2 1
+ x x 2 + 1 + ln x + x 2 + 1;
2 y = xy + ln y
2 2
Bai 7. Gii phng trnh, bt phng trnh sau vi hm s c ch ra:
e) y =
a) f '( x ) = 2 f ( x ); f ( x ) = e x ( x 2 + 3 x + 1)
b) f '( x ) +
1
f ( x ) = 0;
x
f ( x ) = x 3 ln x
c) f '( x ) = 0; f ( x ) = e2 x -1 + 2.e1-2 x + 7 x - 5
d) f '( x ) > g '( x ); f ( x ) = x + ln( x - 5); g( x ) = ln( x - 1)
1
e) f '( x ) < g '( x ); f ( x ) = .52 x +1; g( x ) = 5 x + 4 x ln 5
2
Trang 60
Trn S Tng
IV. PHNG TRNH M

b > 0
ax = b
x = log a b
Vi a > 0, a 1:
1. Phng trnh m c bn:
2. Mt s phng php gii phng trnh m

a f ( x ) = a g( x ) f ( x ) = g( x )
Vi a > 0, a 1:
a) a v cng c s:
Ch : Trong trng hp c s c cha n s th:

a M = a N (a - 1)( M - N ) = 0
b) Logarit ho:
a f ( x ) = b g ( x ) f ( x ) = ( log a b ) . g ( x)
c) t n ph:
f (x)
, t > 0 , trong P(t) l a thc theo t.

P ( a f ( x ) ) = 0 t = a
Dng 1:
P(t) = 0
a a 2 f ( x ) + b (ab) f ( x ) + g b2 f ( x ) = 0
Dng 2:
Chia 2 v cho b
2 f ( x)
a
, ri t n ph t =
b
f ( x)
Dng 3: a f ( x ) + b f ( x ) = m , vi ab = 1 . t t = a f ( x ) b f ( x ) =
1
t
d) S dng tnh n iu ca hm s
Xt phng trnh:
f(x) = g(x)
(1)
on nhn x0 l mt nghim ca (1).
Da vo tnh ng bin, nghch bin ca f(x) v g(x) kt lun x0 l nghim duy
nht:
f ( x ) ong bien va g( x ) nghch bien (hoac ong bien nhng nghiem ngat).
f ( x ) n ieu va g( x ) = c hang so
Nu f(x) ng bin (hoc nghch bin) th f (u) = f (v) u = v
e) a v phng trnh cc phng trnh c bit
A = 0
A = 0
Phng trnh A2 + B2 = 0
Phng trnh tch A.B = 0
B
=
0
B = 0
f) Phng php i lp
Xt phng trnh:
f(x) = g(x)
(1)
f ( x) M
f ( x) = M
Nu ta chng minh c:
th
(1)
g( x ) = M
g( x ) M
Bai 1. Gii cc phng trnh sau (a v cng c s hoc logarit ho):
b) ( 3 - 2 2 )
a) 9 3 x -1 = 38 x -2
c) 4 x
-3 x + 2
e) 2 x
-1
1
g)
2
+ 4x
+ 2x
+2
+ 6 x +5
= 42 x
= 3x + 3x
+3 x +7
=2
l)
x 2 +4
xf) 5
-1
1
h)
2
4 -3 x
i) 3 x .2 x+1 = 72
x +10
16 x -10
= 3+2 2
d) 52 x - 7 x - 52 x.35 + 7 x .35 = 0
+1
x -2
2x
x +7
= 25
1-2 x
1
.
2
=2
k) 5 x +1 + 6. 5 x 3. 5 x -1 = 52
x +5
x
0,125.8 -15
m) (
Trang 61
5 + 2)
x -1
=(
x -1
5 - 2 ) x +1
Trn S Tng
Bai 2. Gii cc phng trnh sau (a v cng c s hoc logarit ho):
2
a)
5
4 x +1
1
=
7
3x+2
2 x -1
d) 3x.8 x+ 2 = 6
3x
b) 5 x.2 x +1 = 50
c) 3x.2 x+ 2 = 6
e) 4.9 x -1 = 3 22 x +1
f) 2 x
-2x
.3x = 1, 5
i) 3 x.2 x = 1
g) 5 x.3x = 1
h) 23 = 32
Bai 3. Gii cc phng trnh sau (t n ph dng 1):
a) 4 x + 2 x+1 - 8 = 0
b) 4 x +1 - 6.2 x +1 + 8 = 0
c) 34 x +8 - 4.32 x + 5 + 27 = 0
d) 16 x - 17.4 x + 16 = 0
e) 49 x + 7 x+1 - 8 = 0
f) 2 x
g) ( 7 + 4 3 ) + ( 2 + 3 ) = 6
2
h) 4cos2 x + 4 cos
2
- 22+ x - x = 3.
-x
i) 32 x + 5 - 36.3 x +1 + 9 = 0
=3
k) 32 x + 2 x +1 - 28.3 x + x + 9 = 0 l) 4 x + 2 - 9.2 x + 2 + 8 = 0
m) 3.52 x -1 - 2.5 x -1 = 0,2
a) 25 x - 2(3 - x ).5 x + 2 x - 7 = 0
c) 3.4 x + (3 x - 10).2 x + 3 - x = 0
b) 3.25x -2 + (3 x - 10).5 x -2 + 3 - x = 0
d) 9 x + 2( x - 2).3x + 2 x - 5 = 0
e) 4 x 2 + x.3
f) 3.25x - 2 + (3x - 10).5 x- 2 + 3 - x = 0
+ 31+
= 2.3 x . x 2 + 2 x + 6
g) 4 x +(x 8)2 x +12 2x = 0
h) ( x + 4).9 x - ( x + 5).3 x + 1 = 0
i) 4 x + ( x 2 - 7).2 x + 12 - 4 x 2 = 0
k) 9- x - ( x + 2).3- x - 2( x + 4) = 0
2
a) 64.9 x - 84.12 x + 27.16 x = 0
b) 3.16 x + 2.81x = 5.36 x
c) 6.32 x - 13.6 x + 6.22 x = 0
d) 25 x + 10 x = 22 x+1
e) 27 x + 12 x = 2.8 x
f) 3.16 x + 2.81x = 5.36 x
1
x
1
x
1
x
h) 4
g) 6.9 - 13.6 + 6.4 = 0

x
1
x
+6
1
x
=9
1
x
i) 2.4 x + 6 x = 9 x
k) ( 7 + 5 2 ) + ( 2 - 5 )( 3 + 2 2 ) + 3 (1 + 2 ) + 1 - 2 = 0.
x
) +(
x
a) ( 2 - 3 ) + ( 2 + 3 ) = 14
b)
c) (2 + 3) x + (7 + 4 3)(2 - 3) x = 4(2 + 3)
d) ( 5 - 21 ) + 7 ( 5 + 21 ) = 2 x +3
6 - 35
6 + 35
h) ( 2 + 3 )
= 12
( x -1)2
+ (2 - 3 )
x 2 - 2 x -1
(3 3 + 8 ) + (3 3 - 8 )
x
l) ( 7 + 4 3 ) - 3 ( 2 - 3 ) + 2 = 0
m)
= 6.
Bai 7. Gii cc phng trnh sau (s dng tnh n iu):

x
a) ( 2 - 3 ) + ( 2 + 3 ) = 4 x
x
c) ( 3 + 2 2 ) + ( 3 - 2 2 ) = 6 x
( 3 - 2) +( 3 + 2) = ( 5)
x
x
d) ( 3 + 5 ) + 16. ( 3 - 5 ) = 2 x+ 3
b)
3 7
e) + = 2 x
5 5
k) ( 3 + 5 ) + ( 3 - 5 ) - 7.2 x = 0
i) ( 3 + 5 ) + 16 ( 3 - 5 ) = 2 x +3
x
=4
7+3 5
7-3 5
f)
+ 7
= 8
2
2
) +(
2- 3
e) ( 5 + 24 ) + ( 5 - 24 ) = 10
g)
2+ 3
f)
2+ 3
Trang 62
) +(
x
2- 3
= 2x
4
2- 3
Trn S Tng
2
g) 2 x + 3 x + 5 x = 10 x
h) 2 x + 3 x = 5 x
i) 2 x -1 - 2 x
k) 3 x = 5 - 2 x
l) 2 x = 3 - x
m) 2 x +1 - 4 x = x - 1
x
= 32
n) 2
+1
o) 4 x + 7 x = 9 x + 2
q) 3 x + 8 x = 4 x + 7 x
r) 6 x + 2 x = 5 x + 3 x
Bai 8. Gii cc phng trnh sau (a v phng trnh tch):
= ( x - 1)2
-x
p) 5 2 x +1 - 5 3 x - x + 1 = 0
s) 9 x + 15 x = 10 x + 14 x
a) 8.3x + 3.2 x = 24 + 6 x
b) 12.3 x + 3.15 x - 5 x+1 = 20
c) 8 - x.2 x + 23- x - x = 0
2
2
2
e) 4 x -3 x + 2 + 4 x + 6 x +5 = 4 2. x +3 x + 7 + 1
d) 2 x + 3 x = 1 + 6 x
g) x 2 .3 x + 3 x (12 - 7 x ) = - x 3 + 8 x 2 - 19 x + 12
h) x 2 .3 x -1 + x (3 x - 2 x ) = 2(2 x - 3x -1 )
f) 4 x
+x
i) 4sin x - 21+sin x cos( xy) + 2 y = 0

k) 22( x
Bai 9. Gii cc phng trnh sau (phng php i lp):
a) 2 x = cos x 4 , vi x 0
b) 3 x
x3 - x
d) 2.cos2
= 3 x + 3- x
2
e) p
-6 x +10
sin
+ 21- x = 2 ( x +1) + 1
2
+ x)
+ 21- x - 2 2( x
= - x 2 + 6 x - 6 c) 3 sin
x
2
.2
-1 = 0
= cos x
f) 2 2 x - x =
= cos x
+ x ) 1- x 2
x2 +1
x
g) 3 x = cos 2 x
h) 5 x = cos3 x
Bai 10. Tm m cc phng trnh sau c nghim:
2
a) 9 x + 3 x + m = 0
b) 9 x + m3 x - 1 = 0
c) 4 x - 2 x + 1 = m
d) 32 x + 2.3 x - (m + 3).2 x = 0
e) 2 x + (m + 1).2- x + m = 0
f) 25 x - 2.5 x - m - 2 = 0
g) 16 x - (m - 1).22 x + m - 1 = 0
h) 25 x + m.5 x + 1 - 2 m = 0
i) 81sin
k) 34 - 2 x - 2.32 - x + 2 m - 3 = 0
1- x2
l) 4
x +1+ 3-x
x+ 1- x2
- 14.2
m) 9 x +
n) 91+ 1-t - (m + 2).31+
- 8.3
+4=m
Bai 11. Tm m cc phng trnh sau c nghim duy nht:
c)
+ 81cos
x+1+ 3-x
a) m.2 x + 2 - x - 5 = 0
1-t
=m
+8 = m
+ 2m + 1 = 0
b) m.16 x + 2.81x = 5.36 x

x
5 + 1) + m ( 5 - 1) = 2
7+3 5
7-3 5
d)
+ m
=8
2
2
e) 4 x - 2 x + 3 + 3 = m
f) 9 x + m3 x + 1 = 0
Bai 12. Tm m cc phng trnh sau c 2 nghim tri du:
a) (m + 1).4 x + (3m - 2).2 x +1 - 3m + 1 = 0
b) 49 x + (m - 1).7 x + m - 2m 2 = 0
c) 9 x + 3(m - 1).3x - 5m + 2 = 0
d) (m + 3).16 x + (2m - 1).4 x + m + 1 = 0
e) 4 x - 2 ( m + 1) .2 x +3m - 8 = 0
f) 4 x - 2 x + 6 = m
Bai 13. Tm m cc phng trnh sau:
a) m.16 x + 2.81x = 5.36 x c 2 nghim dng phn bit.

b) 16 x - m.8 x + (2m - 1).4 x = m.2 x c 3 nghim phn bit.
2
2
c) 4 x - 2 x + 2 + 6 = m c 3 nghim phn bit.
2
2
d) 9 x - 4.3 x + 8 = m c 3 nghim phn bit.
Trang 63
Trn S Tng
V. PHNG TRNH LOGARIT

1. Phng trnh logarit c bn
Vi a > 0, a 1:
log a x = b x = ab
2. Mt s phng php gii phng trnh logarit
a) a v cng c s
Vi a > 0, a 1:
f ( x ) = g( x )
log a f ( x ) = log a g( x )
f ( x ) > 0 (hoac g( x ) > 0)
b) M ho
log f ( x )
Vi a > 0, a 1:
log a f ( x ) = b a a
= ab
c) t n ph
d) S dng tnh n iu ca hm s
e) a v phng trnh c bit
f) Phng php i lp
Ch :
Khi gii phng trnh logarit cn ch iu kin biu thc c ngha.
Vi a, b, c > 0 v a, b, c 1:
log b c
=c
log b a
Bai 1. Gii cc phng trnh sau (a v cng c s hoc m ho):
a) log 2 x( x - 1) = 1
b) log 2 x + log 2 ( x - 1) = 1
c) log 2 ( x - 2) - 6.log1/8 3 x - 5 = 2
d) log 2 ( x - 3) + log2 ( x - 1) = 3
e) log 4 ( x + 3) - log4 ( x - 1) = 2 - log 4 8
f) lg( x - 2) + lg( x - 3) = 1 - lg 5
g) 2 log8 ( x - 2) - log8 ( x - 3) =
2
3
h) lg 5 x - 4 + lg x + 1 = 2 + lg 0,18
i) log3 ( x 2 - 6) = log3 ( x - 2) + 1
k) log 2 ( x + 3) + log2 ( x - 1) = 1/ log 5 2
l) log 4 x + log 4 (10 - x ) = 2
m) log 5 ( x - 1) - log1/ 5 ( x + 2) = 0
n) log 2 ( x - 1) + log2 ( x + 3) = log2 10 - 1 o) log 9 ( x + 8) - log3 ( x + 26) + 2 = 0

a) log3 x + log
x + log1/3 x = 6
b) 1 + lg( x 2 - 2 x + 1) - lg( x 2 + 1) = 2 lg(1 - x )
c) log 4 x + log1/16 x + log8 x = 5
d) 2 + lg(4 x 2 - 4 x + 1) - lg( x 2 + 19) = 2 lg(1 - 2 x )
e) log 2 x + log 4 x + log8 x = 11
f) log1/2 ( x - 1) + log1/2 ( x + 1) = 1 + log
g) log 2 log2 x = log3 log3 x
h) log 2 log3 x = log3 log2 x
1/ 2
i) log 2 log3 x + log3 log2 x = log3 log3 x k) log 2 log3 log 4 x = log 4 log3 log2 x
a) log 2 (9 - 2 x ) = 3 - x
b) log3 (3 x - 8) = 2 - x
c) log 7 (6 + 7- x ) = 1 + x
d) log3 (4.3 x -1 - 1) = 2 x - 1
e) log 2 (9 - 2 x ) = 5
log5 (3- x )
g) log 2 (12 - 2 x ) = 5 - x
f) log 2 (3.2 x - 1) - 2 x - 1 = 0
h) log 5 (26 - 3 x ) = 2
Trang 64
(7 - x )
Trn S Tng
i) log 2 (5x + 1 - 25 x ) = 2
l) log
k) log 4 (3.2 x + 1 - 5) = x
(5x + 1 - 25 x ) = -2
m) log
Bai 4.
(6 x + 1 - 36 x ) = -2
1
5
Gii cc phng trnh sau (a v cng c s hoc m ho):
a) log 5 - x ( x 2 - 2 x + 65) = 2
b) log x
c) log x (5 x 2 - 8 x + 3) = 2
d) log x +1 (2 x 3 + 2 x 2 - 3 x + 1) = 3
e) log x
f) log x ( x + 2) = 2
- 3 ( x - 1) = 2
- 1( x
- 4 x + 5) = 1
g) log 2 x ( x 2 - 5 x + 6) = 2
h) log x +3 ( x 2 - x ) = 1
i) log x (2 x 2 - 7 x + 12) = 2
k) log x (2 x 2 - 3 x - 4) = 2
l) log 2 x ( x 2 - 5 x + 6) = 2
m) log x ( x 2 - 2) = 1
n) log3 x + 5 (9 x 2 + 8 x + 2) = 2
o) log 2 x
p) log x
15
= -2
1- 2x
+ 4 (x
+ 1) = 1
q) log x 2 (3 - 2 x ) = 1
s) log x (2 x 2 - 5 x + 4) = 2
r) log x 2 + 3 x ( x + 3) = 1
Bai 5. Gii cc phng trnh sau (t n ph):
a) log32 x + log23 x + 1 - 5 = 0
c) log x 2 - log 4 x +
e) log
2
2
b) log 2 x + 3 log 2 x + log1/2 x = 2

2
7
=0
6
d) log 21 4 x + log2
2
f) log x 2 16 + log2 x 64 = 3
x + 3 log 2 x + log1/2 x = 0
g) log 5 x - log x
1
=2
5
i) 2 log5 x - 2 = log x
x2
=8
8
h) log 7 x - log x
1
5
k) 3
1
=2
7
log2 x - log 2 4 x = 0
l) 3 log3 x - log3 3 x - 1 = 0
m) log 2 3 x + 3 log2 x = 4 / 3
n) log 2 3 x - 3 log2 x = -2 / 3
o) log 22 x + 2 log 4
p) log 22 (2 - x ) - 8log1/4 (2 - x ) = 5
q) log 25 x + 4 log25 5 x - 5 = 0
r) log x 5 + log x 5 x =
t)
9
+ log2x 5
4
1
=0
x
s) log x 2 3 + log 9 x = 1
1
2
+
=1
4 - lg x 2 + lg x
u)
1
3
+
=1
5 - lg x 3 + lg x
v) log 2 x x 2 - 14 log16 x x 3 + 40 log4 x x = 0

log 2 x
log2 6
a) log32 x + ( x - 12) log 3 x + 11 - x = 0
b) 6.9
c) x.log 22 x - 2( x + 1).log 2 x + 4 = 0
d) log 22 x + ( x - 1) log 2 x = 6 - 2 x
+ 6.x 2 = 13.x
e) ( x + 2) log 23 ( x + 1) + 4( x + 1) log 3 ( x + 1) - 16 = 0 f) log x 2 (2 + x ) + log

Trang 65
2- x
x=2
Trn S Tng
g) log32 ( x + 1) + ( x - 5) log3 ( x + 1) - 2 x + 6 = 0
h) 4 log3 x - 1 - log3 x = 4
i) log 2 ( x 2 + 3 x + 2) + log2 ( x 2 + 7 x + 12) = 3 + log 2 3

a) log 7 x = log3 ( x + 2)
b) log 2 ( x - 3) + log3 ( x - 2) = 2
d) log 2 ( x + 3
log 6 x
c) log3 ( x + 1) + log 5 (2 x + 1) = 2
e) 4
log7 ( x +3)
) = log6 x
f) log 2 (1 + x ) = log3 x
=x
g) x log2 9 = x 2 .3log2 x - x log2 3

h) log3 x +7 (9 + 12 x + 4 x 2 ) + log 2 x +3 (6 x 2 + 23 x + 21) = 4
i) log 2 x - x 2 - 1 . log3 x + x 2 - 1 = log 6 x - x 2 - 1
Bai 8. Gii cc phng trnh sau (s dng tnh n iu):

log 3
log 5
a) x + x 2 = x 2 ( x > 0)
c) log 5 ( x + 3) = 3 - x
b) x 2 + 3log 2 x = 5log 2 x
d) log2 (3 - x ) = x
e) log 2 ( x 2 - x - 6) + x = log2 ( x + 2) + 4
f) x + 2.3log2 x = 3
g) 4( x - 2) log2 ( x - 3) + log3 ( x - 2) = 15( x + 1)

Bai 9. Gii cc phng trnh sau (a v phng trnh tch):
a) log 2 x + 2. log 7 x = 2 + log 2 x.log7 x
c) 2 ( log9 x ) = log3 x .log3 ( 2x + 1 - 1)
b) log 2 x.log3 x + 3 = 3.log3 x + log2 x
Bai 10. Gii cc phng trnh sau (phng php i lp):
b) log 2 ( x 2 + x - 1) = 1 - x 2
a) ln(sin 2 x ) - 1 + sin3 x = 0
c) 22 x +1 + 23-2 x =
8
2
log3 (4 x - 4 x + 4)
Bai 11. Tm m cc phng trnh sau c nghim duy nht:
a) log
2+
c) log
x 2 - 2(m + 1) x + log
2-
( x 2 + mx + m + 1) + log
5 +2
(2 x + m - 2) = 0
x=0
5 -2
b) log
d)
( x - 2 ) = log 2 ( mx )
lg ( mx )
lg ( x + 1)
=2
e) log3 ( x 2 + 4mx ) = log3 (2 x - 2 m - 1)

f) log
2
2+ 7
( x - m + 1) + log2
2- 7
(mx - x 2 ) = 0
Bai 12. Tm m cc phng trnh sau:

a) log ( 4 x - m ) = x + 1 c 2 nghim phn bit.
b)
2
log 32
x - ( m + 2).log 3 x + 3m - 1 = 0 c 2 nghim x1, x2 tho x1.x2 = 27.
c) 2 log 4 (2 x 2 - x + 2m - 4m 2 ) = log 2 ( x 2 + mx - 2m 2 ) c 2 nghim x1, x2 tho x12 + x22 > 1 .

d) log32 x + log23 x + 1 - 2 m - 1 = 0 c t nht mt nghim thuc on 1;3
e) 4 log 2 x
+ log2 x + m = 0 c nghim thuc khong (0; 1).
Trang 66
Trn S Tng
VI. H PHNG TRNH

M V LOGARIT
Khi gii h phng trnh m v logarit, ta cng dng cc phng php gii h phng trnh
hc nh:
Phng php th.
Phng php cng i s.
Phng php t n ph.
.
x + 2 y = 5
2 x = 4 y
b) x
4 = 32 y
x y -1 = 8
d) 2 y -6
=4
x
2 x.9 y = 36
f) x y
3 .4 = 36
2 x .3 y = 12
g) x y
3 .2 = 18
x x 2 - y 2 -16 = 1
i)
x - y = 2 ( x > 0 )
a)
y
x - 2 = 1
x - 3 y = 1
c) 2 y
x + 3 = 19
2 x + 2 y = 3
e)
x + y = 1
2 x.5 y = 20
f) x y
5 .2 = 50
x y 2 -7 y +10 = 1
h)
(x > 0)
x + y = 8
4 x - 3 y = 7
a) x y
4 .3 = 144
2 x + 2.3 x + y = 56
c) x
x + y +1
= 87
3.2 + 3
3 x +1 - 2 y = -4
e)
3 x +1 - 2 y +1 = -1
2 x + 3 y = 17
b) x
y
3.2 - 2.3 = 6
32 x +2 + 22 y +2 = 17
d) x +1
y
2.3 + 3.2 = 8
42( x 2 -1) - 4.4 x 2 -1.2 y + 22 y = 1
f)
2y
x 2 -1. y
.2 = 4
2 - 3.4
( x 2 + y )2 y - x 2 = 1
h)
2
x2 -y
9( x + y ) = 6
2 x - 2 y = ( y - x )( xy + 2)
k) 2
2
x + y = 2
cot 2 x = 3y
g)
y
cos x = 2
32 x - 2 y = 77
i) x
y
3 - 2 = 7
3 x = 2 y + 1
3 x + 2 x = y + 11
b) y
3 + 2 y = x + 11
a) y
3 = 2 x + 1
2 x - 2 y = y - x
c) 2
2
x + xy + y = 3
x -1
7 = 6 y - 5
d)
Trang 67
y -1
= 6x - 5
Trn S Tng
log y + log y x = 2
b) x
x + y = 6
x 2 - y 2 = 3
d)
log3 ( x + y ) - log 5 ( x - y ) = 1
log x + 2 log2 y = 3
f) 3
y
x = 9
x - 1 + 2 - y = 1
h)
2
3
3log9 (9 x ) - log3 y = 3
x + y = 6
a)
log 2 x + log2 y = 3
x + log2 y = 4
c)
2 x - log2 y = 2
xy = 32
e)
log x = 4
y
2(log y x + log x y ) = 5
g)
xy = 8
1
2
log3 x - log3 y = 0
i) 2
x 3 + y2 - 2 y = 0
y - log3 x = 1
k) y
12
x = 3
log ( 3 x + 2 y ) = 2
a) x
log y ( 2 x + 3 y ) = 2
x
log2 1 - = 2 - log2 y
y
c)
log 3 x + log 3 y = 4
2
2
2
2
log x + y + 6 = 4
e) 2
log3 x + log3 y = 1
log (6 x + 4 y ) = 2
b) x
log y (6 y + 4 x ) = 2
log x - log2 y 2 = 1
d) y
log4 x - log 4 y = 1
log2 y + y log2 x = 16
f) x
log2 x - log2 y = 2
3. x log2 y + 2.y log2 x = 10
h)
2
log 4 x + log2 y = 2
log2 ( xy ) = 4
k)
x
log2 y = 2

x log3 y + 2. y log3 x = 27
g)
log 3 y - log 3 x = 1
log ( 2 x + y - 2 ) = 2
i) x
log y ( 2 y + x - 2 ) = 2
5
log y x + log y x =
m)
2
log ( x 2 + y 2 ) = 1
6
lg2 x = lg2 y + lg2 ( xy )

l) 2
lg ( x - y ) + lg x.lg y = 0
log ( x - y ) = 5 - log 2 ( x + y )
2
n) lg x - lg 4
lg y - lg3 = -1
lg x 2 + y 2 = 1 + lg 8
o)
lg ( x + y ) - lg ( x - y ) = lg3
y
2
log xy - log y x = 1
q)
x
log 2 ( y - x ) = 1
log y = 2
p) x
log x +1 ( y + 23 ) = 3
x x -2 y = 36
b)
4 ( x - 2 y ) + log6 x = 9
lg x + lg y = 4
a) lg y
x = 1000
Trang 68
Trn S Tng
5
( x + y)3 y - x =
c)
27
3 log 5 ( x + y) = x - y
2 log 1 x - 2 log 2 y + 5 = 0
x

e)
y
xy2 = 32
3lg x = 4 lg y
d)
lg 4
lg 3
(4 x ) = (3y )
3x
x log2 3 + log2 y = y + log2 2
b)
x log 12 + log x = y + log 2 y
3
3
3
3
2
2
log 1 + 3sin x = log (3 cos y )
log (1 - 2 y + y ) + log1- y (1 + 2 x + x ) = 4
3
c) 1+ x
d) 2
log 2 1 + 3 cos y = log3 (3sin x )
log1+ x (1 + 2 x ) + log1- y (1 + 2 x ) = 2
2
2
log 2 1 + 3 1 - x = log3 1 - y + 2
e)
log 2 1 + 3 1 - y 2 = log3 (1 - x 2 ) + 2
2 log (6 - 3 y + xy - 2 x ) + log ( x 2 - 6 x + 9) = 6
3- x
2- y
f)
log
(5
y
)
log
(
x
+
2)
=
1
3- x
2- y
x - 2y
x - y 1
2 log 2 x = y 4
( 3 )
=
a)
b)
3
log2 x - log 2 y = 1
log ( x + y ) + log ( x - y ) = 4
2
2
x
y
3 .2 = 18
x log8 y + y log8 x = 4
c)
d) log ( x + y ) = -1
1
log 4 x - log 4 y = 1
3
x-2 y
x- y
x+y
1
=
3
e)
f) 4 y x = 32
3
log ( x + y ) + log ( x - y ) = 4
log3 ( x - y ) = 1 - log3 ( x + y )
2
2
3 x .2 y = 972
3- x.2 y = 1152
g)
h)
log 3 ( x - y ) = 2
log 5 ( x + y ) = 2
x + y x = x - y y
log3 xy = 2 + ( xy )log3 2
) ( )
i) (
k) 4 2
2
x + y - 3 x - 3 y = 12
log2 x - log2 y = 1
log xy = log x 2
log3 y + 2 y log3 x = 27
x
y
m) 2 log
l) x
x
log
y
log
x
=
1
y
3
3
y
= 4y + 3
log 2 x + log 4 y + log 4 z = 2
a) log3 y + log9 z + log9 x = 2
log 4 z + log16 x + log16 y = 2
( )
Trang 69
Trn S Tng
VII. BT PHNG TRNH M

Khi gii cc bt phng trnh m ta cn ch tnh n iu ca hm s m.
a > 1
f ( x ) > g( x )
a f ( x ) > a g( x )
0 < a < 1
f ( x ) < g( x )
Ta cng thng s dng cc phng php gii tng t nh i vi phng trnh m:
a v cng c s.
t n ph.
.
Ch : Trong trng hp c s a c cha n s th:
a M > a N (a - 1)( M - N ) > 0
Bai 1. Gii cc bt phng trnh sau (a v cng c s):
a) 3
1

3
x2 - 2 x
x - x -1
c) 2 x + 2 - 2 x + 3 - 2 x
e) 9 x
-3 x + 2
- 6x
g) 4 x 2 + x.2 x
+4
-3 x + 2
+1
1
b)
2
> 5x + 1 - 5x + 2
<0
d) 3
x 6 -2 x 3 +1
x -1
+3
1- x
1
<
2
x -2
-3
< 11
f) 6 2 x +3 < 2 x +7 .33 x -1
+ 3.2 x > x 2 .2 x + 8 x + 12
h) 6.x 2 + 3 x .x + 31+
< 2.3 x .x 2 + 3x + 9
i) 9 x + 9 x +1 + 9 x + 2 < 4 x + 4 x +1 + 4 x + 2
k) 7.3 x +1 + 5 x +3 3 x + 4 + 5 x + 2
l) 2 x +2 + 5 x +1 < 2 x + 5 x +2
m) 2 x -1 .3 x + 2 > 36
n) (
x -3
x +1
10 + 3 ) x -1 < (
1
p)
10 - 3 ) x +3
o) (
x -1
2 x -2 x
Bai 2. Gii cc bt phng trnh sau (t n ph):
x
a) 2.14 + 3.49 - 4 0
c)
2
( x - 2)
2( x - 1)
x
4 -2
+ 83
> 52
2 + 1)
x +1
q)
1
2
x
2 -1
b)
1
1
-1
-2
x
4
-2x
2 - 1) x -1
2 3 x +1
x+4 x
d) 8.3
-3 0
+ 91+
>9
e) 25.2 x - 10 x + 5 x > 25
f) 52 x + 1 + 6 x + 1 > 30 + 5 x .30 x
g) 6 x - 2.3 x - 3.2 x + 6 0
h) 27 x + 12 x > 2.8 x
i)
1
49 x
1
- 35 x
l) 252 x - x
+1
1
25 x
+ 92 x - x
k) 3
2
+1
34.252 x - x
1
+1
1 x
r) + 3
3
3
-2
2 x +1
m) 3 2 x - 8.3 x +
o) 4 x + x - 1 - 5.2 x + x - 1 + 1 + 16 0
2
1 x
x +1
p)
1
-
8
<0
- 9.9
3 + 2) +(
3x
1 +1
2-1
x
x <9
t) 2
+2
x+4
1
s)
4
> 12
x
2
- 12
x+4
>0
x
3 - 2) 2
x -1
- 128 0
u) ( 22 x + 1 - 9.2 x + 4 ) . x 2 + 2 x - 3 0
Trang 70
Trn S Tng
Bai 3. Gii cc bt phng trnh sau (s dng tnh n iu):
a) 2
x
2
<3
+1
b)
2.3 x - 2 x + 2
1
3x - 2 x
32 - x + 3 - 2 x
e)
0
4x - 2
x +4
d) 3
c)
g)
21- x - 2 x + 1
0
2 x -1
f)
+2
3x + x - 4
x2 - x - 6
2 x+4
> 13
>0
-3x 2 - 5 x + 2 + 2x > 3 x .2x -3x 2 - 5 x + 2 + ( 2x ) 3x
Bai 4. Tm m cc bt phng trnh sau c nghim:
a) 4 x - m.2 x + m + 3 0
c)
b) 9 x - m.3 x + m + 3 0
d) (
2x + 7 + 2x - 2 m
x
2 + 1) + (
x -1
2 - 1)
+m=0
Bai 5. Tm m cc bt phng trnh sau nghim ng vi:
a) (3m + 1).12 x + (2 - m).6 x + 3 x < 0 , "x > 0.
b) (m - 1)4 x + 2 x +1 + m + 1 > 0 , "x.
c) m.9 x - ( 2m + 1) 6 x + m.4 x 0 , "x [0; 1].
d) m.9 x + (m - 1).3 x +2 + m - 1 > 0 , "x.
e) 4 cos x + 2 ( 2m + 1) 2
cos x
+ 4 m 2 - 3 < 0 , "x. f) 4 x - 3.2 x +1 - m 0 , "x.
g) 4 x - 2 x - m 0 , "x (0; 1)
h)
3 x + 3 + 5 - 3 x m , "x.
i) 2.25 x - (2m + 1).10 x + (m + 2).4 x 0 , "x 0. k) 4 x -1 - m.(2 x + 1) > 0 , "x.

Bai 6. Tm m mi nghim ca (1) u l nghim ca bt phng trnh (2):
2
1
+1
1
2
1 x
+1
1 x
> 12
(1)
a) 3 + 3 3
b) 2 x - 2 x > 8
4 x 2 - 2 mx - (m - 1)2 < 0
2 2
(
)
(
)
m - 2 x - 3 m - 6 x - m - 1 < 0 (2)
2
- 9.2 + 4 0
c) 2
(m + 1) x + m( x + 3) + 1 > 0
2 x +1
2
1
+2
1 x
1 x
> 12
d) 3 + 9. 3

2
2 x + ( m + 2 ) x + 2 - 3m < 0
(1)
(2)
Trang 71
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
Trn S Tng
VIII. BT PHNG TRNH LOGARIT

Khi gii cc bt phng trnh logarit ta cn ch tnh n iu ca hm s logarit.
a > 1
f ( x ) > g( x ) > 0
log a f ( x ) > log a g( x )
0 < a < 1
0 < f ( x ) < g( x )
Ta cng thng s dng cc phng php gii tng t nh i vi phng trnh
logarit:
a v cng c s.
t n ph.
.
Ch : Trong trng hp c s a c cha n s th:
log a A
log a B > 0 (a - 1)( B - 1) > 0 ;
> 0 ( A - 1)( B - 1) > 0
log a B
Bai 1. Gii cc bt phng trnh sau (a v cng c s):
a) log 5 (1 - 2 x) < 1 + log
b) log 2 (1 - 2 log 9 x ) < 1
( x + 1)
c) log 1 5 - x < log 1 ( 3 - x )

3
e) log 1 (log 2
3
d) log 2 log 1 log5 x > 0
1 + 2x
)>0
1+ x
f) ( x 2 - 4 ) log 1 x > 0
2
g) log 1 log4 ( x 2 - 5 ) > 0
h) 6
log26
+ x log6 x 12
3
log x
k) 2( 2 ) + x log2 x
2
i) log 2 ( x + 3 ) 1 + log2 ( x - 1)
l) log3 log 1 x 0
n) log 1 log5 x 2 + 1 + x > log3 log 1

5
3
m) 2 log8 ( x - 2) + log 1 ( x - 3) >
x2 + 1 - x
lg ( x 2 - 1)
a)
<1
lg (1 - x )
b)
c)
lg ( x 2 - 3 x + 2 )
>2
lg x + lg 2
d) x log2 x + x 5log x 2 - log 2 x - 18 < 0
3x - 1
>0
x2 +1
f) log3 x .log2 x < log3 x 2 + log2
e) log x
2
3
g) log x (log 4 (2 x - 4)) 1
x2 - 3x - 4
h) log3 x - x 2 (3 - x ) > 1
i) log x ( x 2 - 8 x + 16 ) 0
k) log 2 x ( x 2 - 5 x + 6 ) < 1
Trang 72
log 2 ( x + 1) - log3 ( x + 1)
>0
x
4
Trn S Tng
x -1
l) log x +6 log 2
>0
x+2
m) log x -1 ( x + 1) > log x 2 -1 ( x + 1)
n) (4 x 2 - 16 x + 7).log3 ( x - 3) > 0
o) (4 x - 12.2 x + 32).log2 (2 x - 1) 0
Bai 3. Gii cc bt phng trnh sau (t n ph):
a) log 2 x + 2 log x 4 - 3 0
b) log 5 (1 - 2 x ) < 1 + log
c) 2 log5 x - log x 125 < 1
d) log 2 x 64 + log x 2 16 3
e) log x 2.log2 x 2. log 2 4 x > 1
f) log 21 x + log 1 x 2 < 0

2
g)
2
log 4 x
log 2 x
+
>
1 - log 2 x 1 + log 2 x 1 - log 22 x
h)
i) log 21 x - 6 log 2 x + 8 0
k)
( x + 1)
1
2
+
1
4 + log 2 x 2 - log 2 x
log32 x - 4 log3 x + 9 2 log3 x - 3
l) log 9 (3 x 2 + 4 x + 2) + 1 > log 3 (3 x 2 + 4 x + 2) m)

n)
p)
1
o) log x 100 - log100 x > 0
2
1 - 9 log21 x > 1 - 4 log 1 x

8
1
2
+
<1
5 - log5 x 1 + log5 x
1 + log23
x
>1
1 + log3 x
q) log x 2. log x 2 >

16
1
log2 x - 6
Bai 4. Gii cc bt phng trnh sau (s dng tnh n iu):
a) ( x + 1)log20,5 x + (2 x + 5) log0,5 x + 6 0
b) log 2 (2 x + 1) + log 3 (4 x + 2) 2
5+ x
3
2
5- x < 0
>
d)
x
log 2 ( x + 1) log 3 ( x + 1)
2 - 3x + 1
Tm m cc bt phng trnh sau c nghim:
1
log1/ 2 ( x 2 - 2 x + m ) > -3
b) log x 100 - log m 100 > 0
2
2
1 + log m x
1
2
d)
+
<1
>1
5 - logm x 1 + log m x
1 + log m x
lg
c)
Bai 5.
a)
c)
e)
f) log x -m ( x 2 - 1) > log x -m ( x 2 + x - 2)
log2 x + m > log2 x
Bai 6. Tm m cc bt phng trnh sau nghim ng vi:
a) log 2 ( 7 x 2 + 7 ) log2 ( mx 2 + 4 x + m ) , "x

b) log 2
x 2 - 2 x + m + 4 log 2 x 2 - 2 x + m 5 , "x [0; 2]
c) 1 + log5 ( x 2 + 1) log 5 (mx 2 + 4 x + m ) , "x.
m 2
m
m
d) 2 - log 1
x - 2 1 + log 1
x - 2 1 + log 1
> 0 , "x
1+ m
1+ m
1+ m
Bai 7. Gii bt phng trnh, bit x = a l mt nghim ca bt phng trnh:

a) log m ( x 2 - x - 2 ) > log m ( - x 2 + 2 x + 3 ) ;
b). log m (2 x 2 + x + 3) log m (3 x 2 - x );
a = 9/ 4.
a =1
Trang 73
Trn S Tng
Bai 8. Tm m mi nghim ca (1) u l nghim ca bt phng trnh (2):
a)
Bai 9.
a)
c)
log 2 x + log x 2 < 0

(1)
1
1
2
4
x 2 + mx + m 2 + 6 m < 0
(2)
Gii cc h bt phng trnh sau:
x2 + 4
>0
x 2 - 16 x + 64
lg x + 7 > lg( x - 5) - 2 lg 2
log2 - x ( 2 - y ) > 0
log4 - y ( 2 x - 2 ) > 0
log (5 x 2 - 8 x + 3) > 2
b) x
2
4
x - 2 x + 1 - m > 0
) (
(1)
(2)
( x - 1) lg 2 + lg 2 x +1 + 1 < lg 7.2 x + 12
b)
log x ( x + 2 ) > 2
log ( y + 5) < 0
d) x -1
log y +2 (4 - x ) < 0
Trang 74
Trn S Tng
IX. N TP HM S
LU THA M LOGARIT
a)
c)
22 x -1.4 x +1
8
x -1
0, 2 x + 0,5
b) 9 3 x -1 = 38 x -2
= 64
(0, 04) x
=
25
1
e) 7 x +2 - .7 x +1 - 14.7 x -1 + 2.7 x = 48
7
g) 2(2
i)
1
x +3 2 x
)
1
1- lg x 2
x 3
f) 3 x
x -1
+2
- 9.2 x
+2
m)
-1
- 36.3 x
2 x +1
x +2
e) 9 x
g) 3
=3
-3
d)
( x )log
+ 1 - 6.3 + 3
c) x 2 .5 x - 52 + x < 0
d) x lg
4x + 2 x - 4
2
x -1
g) 2
-2
x +2
1 2- x
i)
3
2 x +1
1 1- x
l)
5
-2
-5
52
2
> 1+
3
3x - 2 x
log2 ( x 2 -1)
1 2
x+ 2 x
1
m) 372.
3
Trang 75
> 1000
3 x -2
1
k)
3
-3
<2
x -3lg x +1
1
h)
2
x +2
>9
1
>
5
2 x +1 + 1
f) 8.
>5
+8 = 0
+ 12 = 0
24 ) + (
2 x -1 - 1
b)
x +1
x 2 -5
24 )
+2
>
>1
1
27
1
.
3
>1
=0
m) 3lg(tan x ) - 2.3lg(cot x )+1 = 1
6 -5 x
x+4
=3
- 12.2 x -1-
3
3+
-2 x
5+
2 2+ 5 x 25
a)
<
5
4
x +3
x -1
k) 4lg x +1 - 6 lg x - 2.3lg x
x +2
x 2 -5
1
64 x
h) (
2( x +1)
l) 2sin x + 4.2 cos x = 6

e)
- 9 3 lg(7 - x ) = 0
f) 34 x +8 - 4.32 x +5 + 28 = 2 log2 2
+3 = 0
i) 91+ log3 x - 31+ log 3 x - 210 = 0

2
-7,2 x +3,9
b) 4 x -
+8 = 0
c) 64.9 x - 84.12 x + 27.16 x = 0

2
k) x lg x = 1000 x 2
100
5
=
3
lg x +5
x 3
a) 4 x
x 2 +2 x -11
h) 5 x. 8 x-1 = 500
=4
= 105+lg x
l)
9
.
25
1
3
x +1
5
d)
3
= 10
Trn S Tng
a) 4 x - 2.52 x - 10 x > 0
c) 9.4
1
x
+ 5.6
1
x
< 4.9
b) 25- x - 5- x +1 50
1
x
d) 3lg x + 2 < 3lg x
g) 4 - 2
2( x -1)
2( x -2)
+8 3
+5
1
f) 22 x +1 - 21.
2
e) 4 x +1 - 16 x < 2 log 4 8
x
4 -3 x
> 52
h) 3
9 x - 3 x +2 > 3 x - 9
-2
2 x +3
1
- 35.
3
+2 0
2 -3 x
+6 0
9x + 3x - 2 9 - 3x
i)
k)
a) log3 (3 x - 8) = 2 - x
b) log 5- x ( x 2 - 2 x + 65) = 2
c) log 7 (2 x - 1) + log7 (2 x - 7) = 1
d) log3 (1 + log3 (2 x - 7)) = 1
e) 3log3 lg
f) 9log3 (1-2 x ) = 5 x 2 - 5
- lg x + lg2 x - 3 = 0
g) x1+ lg x = 10 x
2
h)
( x )log
k)
lg x +7
x 4
lg x +lg x -2
lg x
= lg x
i)
1
l) log3 log9 x + + 9 x = 2 x
a) 2 log x 5
m) 2 log3
- 3 log x 5 + 1 = 0
x -1
=5
= 10 lg x +1
x -3
x -3
+ 1 = log3
x -7
x -1
b) log1/3 x - 3 log1/3 x + 2 = 0
c) log 22 x + 2 log2 x - 2 = 0
d) 3 + 2 log x +1 3 = 2 log3 ( x + 1)
e) log x ( 9 x 2 ) . log32 x = 4
f) log3 log1/2 2 x - 3 log1/ 2 x + 5 = 2

9
log22 x
2
g) lg2 (100 x ) - lg2 (10 x ) + lg 2 x = 6
h) log 2 (2 x 2 ).log2 (16 x ) =
i) log3 (9 x + 9) = x + log3 (28 - 2.3 x )
k) log 2 (4 x + 4) = log2 2 x + log2 (2 x+1 - 3)
l) log 2 (25 x +3 - 1) = 2 + log2 (5 x +3 + 1)
m) lg(6.5 x + 25.20 x ) = x + lg 25
2x - 6
>0
2x -1
2 - 3x
d) log1/3
-1
x
a) log 0,5 ( x 2 - 5 x + 6) > -1
b) log 7
c) log3 x - log3 x - 3 < 0

e) log1/4 (2 - x ) > log1/ 4
g)
x2 - 4
log1/2 ( x 2 - 1)
2
x +1
f) log1/3 log4 ( x 2 - 5) > 0
<0
h)
k) log 2 x +3 x 2 < 1
i) log x log9 (3 x - 9) < 1

l) 2
log 2 - x ( x 2 +8 x +15)
log 2 ( x + 1)
>0
x -1
<1
m) (0,5)
Trang 76
log1/3
x +5
x 2 +3
>1
Trn S Tng
( x - y )2 -1 = 1
a) 4
5 x + y = 125
4 x + y = 128
b) 3 x -2 y -3
=1
5
y
x
c) 2 + 2 = 12
x+y=5
3.2 x + 2.3 x = 2,75

d)
2 x - 3 y = -0, 75
5y-x
x
y
g) 4 - 3.4 y = 16
x - 2 y = 12 - 8
7 x - 16 y = 0
e) x
4 - 49 y = 0
f)
log
32 x - 2 y = 77
h) x
y /2
3 - 2 = 7
x 2 + y 2 y - x 2 = 1
i)
2
9 x2 + y = 6 x -y
3 x .2 y = 972
( x - y) = 2
log x - log2 y = 0
a) 42
2
x - 5y + 4 = 0
log x + 2 log2 y = 3
d) 2
x 2 + y 4 = 16
lg( x 2 + y 2 ) - 1 = lg13
g)
lg( x + y) - lg( x - y) = 3 lg 2
y
2 log x - 3 = 15
k) y 2
y +1
3 .log2 x = 2 log2 x + 3
xy = 8
lg y
c) x = 2
b)
2 log y x + log x y = 5
xy = 20
1 1 2
3log x 2 = y log 5 y
- =
e) x y 15
f) log 3
log x
log x + log y = 1 + log 5 2 y = x 7
3
3
3
x
y 9
2+ 2 =8
h) y
i)
x
log
log x + log
y
=
3
2
2
x y
l)
m)
4 y x = 32
log3 ( x - y ) = 1 - log3 ( x + y )
3 x.2 y = 576
(y - x) = 4
2

Trang 77
Nguyn hm Tch phn
Trn S Tng
CHNG III
NGUYN HM, TCH PHN V NG DNG
I. NGUYN HM
1. Khi nim nguyn hm
Cho hm s f xc nh trn K. Hm s F gl nguyn hm ca f trn K nu:
F '( x ) = f ( x ) , "x K
Nu F(x) l mt nguyn hm ca f(x) trn K th h nguyn hm ca f(x) trn K l:
f ( x )dx = F ( x ) + C , C R.
Mi hm s f(x) lin tc trn K u c nguyn hm trn K.
2. Tnh cht
f '( x )dx = f ( x ) + C
[ f ( x ) g( x )]dx = f ( x )dx g( x )dx
kf ( x )dx = k f ( x )dx (k 0)
3. Nguyn hm ca mt s hm s thng gp
ax
+ C (0 < a 1)
ln a
cos xdx = sin x + C
0dx = C
a x dx =
dx = x + C
xa dx =
xa +1
+ C,
a +1
(a -1)
sin xdx = - cos x + C
x dx = ln x + C
e x dx = e x + C
1
cos(ax + b)dx = sin(ax + b) + C (a 0)
a
1
sin(ax + b)dx = - cos(ax + b) + C (a 0)
a
dx = tan x + C
cos2 x
1

dx = - cot x + C
sin 2 x
1
e ax + b dx = e ax + b + C , (a 0)
a
1
1
dx = ln ax + b + C
ax + b
a
4. Phng php tnh nguyn hm

a) Phng php i bin s
Nu f (u)du = F (u) + C v u = u( x ) c o hm lin tc th:
f [u( x )] .u '( x )dx = F [u( x )] + C
b) Phng php tnh nguyn hm tng phn

Nu u, v l hai hm s c o hm lin tc trn K th:
udv = uv - vdu
Trang 78
Trn S Tng
Nguyn hm Tch phn
VN 1: Tnh nguyn hm bng cch s dng bng nguyn hm

Bin i biu thc hm s s dng c bng cc nguyn hm c bn.
Ch : s dng phng php ny cn phi:
Nm vng bng cc nguyn hm.
Nm vng php tnh vi phn.
Bai 1. Tm nguyn hm ca cc hm s sau:
a) f ( x ) = x 2 3 x +
d) f ( x ) =
b) f ( x ) =
( x 2 - 1)2
x2
g) f ( x ) = 2sin 2
k) f ( x ) =
1
x
x
2
1
2x4 + 3
c) f ( x ) =
x2
x -1
x2
1
e) f ( x ) = x + 3 x + 4 x
f) f ( x ) =
h) f ( x ) = tan 2 x
i) f ( x ) = cos2 x
2
3
cos 2 x
m) f ( x ) = 2sin 3 x cos 2 x
sin x.cos2 x
e- x
o) f ( x ) = e x 2 +
p) f ( x ) = e3 x +1
n) f ( x ) = e x ( e x 1)
2
cos x
Bai 2. Tm nguyn hm F(x) ca hm s f(x) tho iu kin cho trc:

2
sin x.cos x
a) f ( x ) = x 3 - 4 x + 5;
2
3 - 5x
;
x
x3 - 1
;
e) f (x )=
x2
c) f ( x ) =
g) f ( x ) = sin 2 x.cos x;
i) f ( x ) =
l) f ( x ) =
F (1) = 3
b) f ( x ) = 3 - 5 cos x;
2
x +1
;
x
F (e ) = 1
d) f ( x ) =
F(-2) = 0
f) f ( x ) = x x +
p
F ' = 0
3
h) f ( x ) =
F (p ) = 2
F(1) =
1
x
3
2
F (1) = -2
3x 4 - 2 x3 + 5
; F (1) = 2
x2
p p
x
k) f ( x ) = sin 2 ; F =
2
2 4
x3 + 3 x2 + 3x - 7
;
F(0) = 8
( x + 1)2
Bai 3. Cho hm s g(x). Tm nguyn hm F(x) ca hm s f(x) tho iu kin cho trc:
p
a) g( x ) = x cos x + x 2 ; f ( x ) = x sin x;
F =3
2
b) g( x ) = x sin x + x 2 ; f ( x ) = x cos x;
F (p ) = 0
c) g( x ) = x ln x + x 2 ; f ( x ) = ln x;
F(2) = -2
Bai 4. Chng minh F(x) l mt nguyn hm ca hm s f(x):
F ( x ) = (4 x - 5)e x
F ( x ) = tan 4 x + 3 x - 5
a)
b)
x
5
3
f ( x ) = (4 x - 1)e
f ( x ) = 4 tan x + 4 tan x + 3
x2 + 4
x2 - x 2 + 1
F ( x ) = ln
F ( x ) = ln 2
x + x 2 +1
x2 + 3
c)
d)
2
-2 x
f ( x) =
f ( x ) = 2 2( x - 1)
( x 2 + 4)( x 2 + 3)
x4 +1
Trang 79
Nguyn hm Tch phn
Trn S Tng
Bai 5. Tm iu kin F(x) l mt nguyn hm ca hm s f(x):
F ( x ) = ln x 2 - mx + 5
b)
. Tm m.
2x + 3
f ( x) = 2
x + 3x + 5
F ( x ) = mx 3 + (3m + 2) x 2 - 4 x + 3
a)
. Tm m.
2
f ( x ) = 3 x + 10 x - 4
F ( x ) = (ax 2 + bx + c) x 2 - 4 x
F ( x ) = (ax 2 + bx + c)e x
. Tm a, b, c. d)
. Tm a, b, c.
c)
x
2
f
(
x
)
=
(
x
3)
e
f ( x ) = ( x - 2) x - 4 x
F ( x ) = (ax 2 + bx + c)e- x
F ( x ) = (ax 2 + bx + c)e-2 x
f)
.
Tm
a
,
b
,
c
.
. Tm a, b, c.
e)
2
-2 x
-x
2
f ( x ) = -(2 x - 8 x + 7)e
f ( x ) = ( x - 3 x + 2)e
F ( x ) = (ax 2 + bx + c) 2 x - 3
b
c
F ( x ) = (a + 1)sin x + sin 2 x + sin 3 x
2
2
3
g)
h) f ( x ) = 20 x - 30 x + 7
f ( x ) = cos x
2x - 3
Tm a, b, c.
Tm a, b, c.
f ( x )dx bng phng php i bin s

f(x) = g [u( x )] .u '( x ) th ta t t = u( x ) dt = u '( x )dx .
VN 2: Tnh nguyn hm
Dng 1: Nu f(x) c dng:
f ( x )dx
Khi :
= g(t )dt ,
trong g(t )dt d dng tm c.
Ch : Sau khi tnh g(t )dt theo t, ta phi thay li t = u(x).
Dng 2: Thng gp cc trng hp sau:

f(x) c cha
Cch i bin
x = a sin t ,
a2 - x 2
x = a cos t ,
hoc
hoc
a2 + x 2
1
x = a tan t ,
x = a cot t,
hoc
a2 + x 2
p
p
t
2
2
0t p
-
p
p
<t<
2
2
0<t <p
-
Bai 1. Tnh cc nguyn hm sau (i bin s dng 1):
dx
a) (5 x - 1)10 dx
b)
d) (2 x 2 + 1)7 xdx
e) ( x 3 + 5)4 x 2 dx
g)
x 2 + 1. xdx
k) sin 4 x cos xdx

n)
e x dx
x
e -3
h)
(3 - 2 x )5
3x2
3
5 + 2x
sin x
l)
dx
cos5 x
o) x .e x
+1
dx
dx
Trang 80
c)
f)
i)
m)
p)
5 - 2 x dx
x
dx
x +5
dx
2
x (1 + x )2
tan xdx
cos2 x
x
dx
Trn S Tng
Nguyn hm Tch phn
ln3 x
dx
r)
x dx
x
e +1
Bai 2. Tnh cc nguyn hm sau (i bin s dng 2):
dx
dx
a)
b)
(1 + x 2 )3
(1 - x 2 )3
q)
d)
g)
dx
e) x 2 1 - x 2 .dx
4 - x2
x 2 dx
h)
1 - x2
dx
2
x + x +1
e tan x
s)
c)
f)
i)
cos2 x
dx
1 - x 2 .dx
dx
1 + x2
3
x 2 + 1.dx
VN 3: Tnh nguyn hm bng phng php tnh nguyn hm tng phn

Vi P(x) l a thc ca x, ta thng gp cc dng sau:
P( x ).e
u
dv
dx
P(x)
x
e dx
P( x ).cos xdx
P( x ).sin xdx
P( x ). ln xdx
P(x)
cos xdx
P(x)
sin xdx
lnx
P(x)dx
Bai 1. Tnh cc nguyn hm sau:
a) x .sin xdx
d) ( x 2 + 2 x + 3) cos xdx
g) x.e x dx
q)
3 x
f)
x tan xdx
2
x ln(1 + x )dx
x cos 2 xdx
i) ln xdx
x e dx
l) ln 2 xdx
o) x 2 cos2 xdx
r) x.2 x dx
h)
k) x ln xdx
n)
c) ( x 2 + 5)sin xdx
x cos xdx
e) x sin 2 xdx
b)
m) ln( x 2 + 1)dx
p) x 2 cos 2 xdx
s)
x lg xdx
a) e
dx
b)
d) cos x dx
ln(ln x )
dx
x
g)
a) e x .cos xdx
d)
g)
ln(cos x )
2
cos x
dx
x ln x + x 2 + 1
2
x +1
ln xdx
e) x .sin x dx
f) sin 3 xdx
h) sin(ln x )dx
i) cos(ln x )dx
b) e x (1 + tan x + tan2 x )dx
c) e x .sin 2 xdx
e)
)dx
c) sin x dx
h)
ln(1 + x )
x
f)
x
cos2 x
dx
2
x3
1+ x
dx
dx
Trang 81
ln x
i)
dx
x
Nguyn hm Tch phn
Trn S Tng
VN 4: Tnh nguyn hm bng phng php dng nguyn hm ph

xc nh nguyn hm ca hm s f(x), ta cn tm mt hm g(x) sao cho nguyn hm ca
cc hm s f(x) g(x) d xc nh hn so vi f(x). T suy ra nguyn hm ca f(x).
Bc 1: Tm hm g(x).
Bc 2: Xc nh nguyn hm ca cc hm s f(x) g(x), tc l:
F ( x ) + G( x ) = A( x ) + C1
(*)
F ( x ) - G ( x ) = B( x ) + C
2
Bc 3: T h (*), ta suy ra F ( x ) =
1
[ A( x ) + B( x )] + C l nguyn hm ca f(x).
2
a)
sin x
sin x - cos x dx
b)
cos x
sin x - cos x dx
sin 4 x
c)
cos x
dx
d)
sin x + cos x
e)
g) 2 sin 2 x.sin 2 xdx
h) 2 cos2 x.sin 2 xdx
k)
e- x
e x - e- x
dx
l)
sin 4 x + cos 4 x
ex
e x + e- x
dx
f)
sin x
sin x + cos x dx
cos4 x
sin 4 x + cos 4 x
ex
i)
dx
e x - e- x
e- x
m)
dx
e x + e- x
dx
dx
VN 5: Tnh nguyn hm ca mt s hm s thng gp

1. f(x) l hm hu t: f ( x ) =
P( x )
Q( x )
Nu bc ca P(x) bc ca Q(x) th ta thc hin php chia a thc.

Nu bc ca P(x) < bc ca Q(x) v Q(x) c dng tch nhiu nhn t th ta phn tch
f(x) thnh tng ca nhiu phn thc (bng phng php h s bt nh).
Chng hn:
1
A
B
=
+
( x - a)( x - b) x - a x - b
1
2
( x - m )(ax + bx + c )
1
2
( x - a) ( x - b)
A
Bx + C
+
, vi D = b2 - 4 ac < 0
2
x - m ax + bx + c
A
B
C
D
+
+
+
2
x - a ( x - a)
x - b ( x - b )2
2. f(x) l hm v t
ax + b
+ f(x) = R x , m
cx + d
t=m
ax + b
cx + d
1
+ f(x) = R
t
t = x+a + x+b
( x + a)( x + b)
f(x) l hm lng gic

Ta s dng cc php bin i lng gic thch hp a v cc nguyn hm c bn.
Chng hn:
Trang 82
Trn S Tng
Nguyn hm Tch phn
sin [( x + a) - ( x + b)]
1
1
.
=
,
sin( x + a).sin( x + b) sin(a - b) sin( x + a).sin( x + b)
sin [( x + a) - ( x + b)]
1
1
sin(a - b)
.
=
, s dung 1 =
cos( x + a).cos( x + b) sin(a - b) cos( x + a).cos( x + b)

sin(a - b)
sin(a - b)
s dung 1 =
sin(a - b)
cos [( x + a) - ( x + b)]
1
1
cos(a - b)
=
.
, s dung 1 =
sin( x + a).cos( x + b) cos(a - b) sin( x + a).cos( x + b)

cos(a - b)
+ Nu R(- sin x , cos x ) = - R(sin x , cos x ) th t t = cosx
+
+ Nu R(sin x , - cos x ) = - R(sin x , cos x ) th t t = sinx

+ Nu R(- sin x , - cos x ) = - R(sin x , cos x ) th t t = tanx (hoc t = cotx)
dx
a)
x( x + 1)
dx
d)
x 2 - 7 x + 10
x
g)
dx
( x + 1)(2 x + 1)
dx
k)
x ( x 2 + 1)
1
a)
dx
1+ x +1
d)
g)
k)
1
4
x+ x
dx
dx
x + 3 x + 24 x
dx
(2 x + 1)2 - 2 x + 1
a) sin 2 x sin 5 xdx
cos 2 x
dx
b)
( x + 1)(2 x - 3)
dx
e)
x2 - 6x + 9
x
h)
dx
2
2 x - 3x - 2
dx
l)
1 + x3
b)
e)
h)
l)
x +1
x x -2
x2 + 1
c)
dx
x2 - 1
dx
f)
x2 - 4
x3
i)
dx
x2 - 3x + 2
x
m)
dx
x3 - 1
1
dx
c)
dx
f)
x( x + 1)dx
i)
3 1+ x
x
3
x- x
1 - x dx
1+ x x
dx
x2 - 5x + 6
b) cos x sin 3 xdx

dx
1+ 3 x +1
x
1 - x dx
x
m)
dx
x2 + 6x + 8
c) (tan 2 x + tan 4 x )dx

dx
d)
1 + sin x cos x dx
e)
2 sin x + 1
f)
cos x
g)
1 - sin x
cos x dx
h)
sin3 x
cos x dx
i)
k) cos x cos 2 x cos3 xdx
l) cos3 xdx
Trang 83
dx
dx
p
cos x cos x +
m) sin 4 xdx
Nguyn hm Tch phn
Trn S Tng
II. TCH PHN

1. Khi nim tch phn
Cho hm s f lin tc trn K v a, b K. Nu F l mt nguyn hm ca f trn K th:
b
F(b) F(a) gl tch phn ca f t a n b v k hiu l
f ( x )dx .
a
f ( x )dx = F( b) - F (a)
a
i vi bin s ly tch phn, ta c th chn bt k mt ch khc thay cho x, tc l:

b
f ( x )dx = f (t )dt = f (u)du = ... = F (b) - F (a)

ngha hnh hc: Nu hm s y = f(x) lin tc v khng m trn on [a; b] th din
tch S ca hnh thang cong gii hn bi th ca y = f(x), trc Ox v hai ng thng
b
S = f ( x )dx
x = a, x = b l:
2. Tnh cht ca tch phn
f ( x )dx = 0
f ( x )dx = - f ( x )dx
a
b
[ f ( x ) g( x )]dx = f ( x )dx g( x )dx
Nu f(x) 0 trn [a; b] th
a
b
kf ( x )dx = k f ( x )dx (k: const)
f ( x )dx = f ( x )dx + f ( x )dx
f ( x )dx 0
a
Nu f(x) g(x) trn [a; b] th
f ( x )dx g( x )dx
3. Phng php tnh tch phn

a) Phng php i bin s
b
f [u( x )] .u '( x )dx =
u( b )
f (u)du
u( a )
trong : u = u(x) c o hm lin tc trn K, y = f(u) lin tc v hm hp f[u(x)] xc

nh trn K, a, b K.
b) Phng php tch phn tng phn
Nu u, v l hai hm s c o hm lin tc trn K, a, b K th:
b
udv = uv - vdu
a
Ch :
Cn xem li cc phng php tm nguyn hm.
b
Trong phng php tch phn tng phn, ta cn chn sao cho vdu d tnh hn udv .
Trang 84
Trn S Tng
Nguyn hm Tch phn
VN 1: Tnh tch phn bng cch s dng bng nguyn hm

Bin i biu thc hm s s dng c bng cc nguyn hm c bn. Tm nguyn
hm F(x) ca f(x), ri s dng trc tip nh ngha tch phn:
b
f ( x )dx = F( b) - F (a)
a
Ch : s dng phng php ny cn phi nm vng bng cc nguyn hm v

php tnh vi phn.
Bai 1. Tnh cc tch phn sau:
2
a)
(x
+ 2 x + 1)dx
d)
g)
dx
x + 1)( x - x + 1) dx
-1 x
2
+2
3
b) x 2 + + e3 x +1 dx
x
-2
+4
dx
x2
2
(x + x
x + 3 x dx
x2 - 2 x
dx
x3
l)
i)
1
2
x -1
dx
x2
c)
1 1
+ x 2 dx
f) x + +
x x2
h)
k)
(x
-1
e)
x + 23 x - 4 4 x dx
2 x + 5 - 7x
dx
x
8
1
m) 4 x
3
1
3 x2
dx

2
a)
d)
x + 1dx
b)
dx
1+ x
0
e)
p
a) sin 2 x + dx
6
0
p
4
tan x .dx
cos x
g)
k)
p
2
dx
1 + sin x
b)
e)
x +2 + x -2
3
0
d)
dx
3x2
1+ x
dx
p
2
(2sin x + 3 cos x + x )dx
p
3
p
3
3tan
p
4
p
2
x dx
1 - cos x
1 + cos x dx
p
3
p
2
h)
(tan x - cot x )2 dx
l)
p
6
-p
2
x +2
f)
dx
x 2 + 9.dx
p
6
( sin 3 x + cos 2 x ) dx
c)
f)
i)
p
4
(2 cot
p
6
p
2
sin - x
4
dx
p
sin + x
4
c)
sin
x + 5) dx
x .cos2 xdx
m)
p
4
cos
x dx

1 x
a)
e - e- x
x
-x
0e +e
dx
b)
( x + 1).dx
2
1 x + x ln x
Trang 85
1 2x
c)
-4
ex + 2
dx
Nguyn hm Tch phn

ln 2
d)
g)
p
2
Trn S Tng
2
dx
e +1
x
cos x
.sin xdx
h)
0
e
k)
1 x
e- x
e) e 1 dx
x
ex
ln x
x dx
1
l)
f)
dx
i)
1 + ln x
dx
x
1
1
x
xe dx
dx
02
m)
x
0 1+ e
dx
VN 2: Tnh tch phn bng phng php i bin s

b
Dng 1: Gi s ta cn tnh g( x )dx .

a
Nu vit c g(x) di dng: g( x ) = f [u( x )] .u '( x ) th
u(b )
u(a )
g( x )dx =
f (u)du
Dng 2: Gi s ta cn tnh
f ( x )dx .
t x = x(t) (t K) v a, b K tho mn a = x(a), b = x(b)

b
th
( g(t ) = f [ x(t )] .x '(t) )
f ( x )dx = f [ x(t )] x '(t )dt = g(t )dt
Dng 2 thng gp cc trng hp sau:

f(x) c cha
Cch i bin
p
p
x = a sin t ,
- t
2
2
x = a cos t ,
0t p
a2 - x 2
hoc
hoc
a2 + x 2
1
a2 + x 2
x = a cot t,
p
p
<t<
2
2
0<t <p
a
,
sin t
a
x=
,
cos t
p p
t - ; \ {0}
2 2
p
t [ 0; p ] \
2
x = a tan t ,
hoc
x=
x 2 - a2
hoc
Bai 1. Tnh cc tch phn sau (i bin s dng 1):

1
a)
19
x(1 - x) dx
1
xdx
2x + 1
2 3
g)
dx
x x2 + 4
c)
e) x 1 - x 2 dx
f)
d)
x3
dx
b)
0 (1 +
1
x 2 )3
h)
x + 2x
5
1+ x2
Trang 86
0
ln 2
dx
x5
0 x 2 + 1 dx
i)
1 - x 2 dx
ex
1 + ex
dx
Trn S Tng
ln 3
e x dx
k)
Nguyn hm Tch phn

l)
( e x + 1)3
0
p
2
n)
p
2
sin 2 x
dx
o)
2 + ln x dx
2x
p
6
cos x. sin x
dx
2
1
sin
+
x
0
1
2
a)
1- x
x
0
b)
dx
+3
e)
k)
h)
x2 + 2 x + 2
-1
4-x
(x
0
dx
dx
l)
x x -1
2
2
sin 2 x
dx
x + cos 2 x
x 2 dx
g)
dx
d)
2 sin
p)
cos x + 4 sin x
Bai 2. Tnh cc tch phn sau (i bin s dng 2):
2
1 + 3 ln x ln x
dx
x
m)
4 - x 2 dx
dx
+ 1)( x 2 + 2)
f)
x -1
dx
x3
x2
2
xdx
+ x2 +1
1- x
c)
i)
dx
(1 + x )
2 5
dx
2 x - x 2 dx
m)
VN 3: Tnh tch phn bng phng php tch phn tng phn
Vi P(x) l a thc ca x, ta thng gp cc dng sau:
b
x
P( x ).e dx
u
dv
P(x)
e x dx
P( x ).cos xdx
P( x ).sin xdx
P(x)
cos xdx
P(x)
sin xdx
P( x ). ln xdx
lnx
P(x)dx

p
4
a)
p
2
x sin 2 xdx
b)
d)
p2
4
x co s
x dx
e)
x
xe dx
0
k) e 3 x sin 5 xdx
x tan
xdx
x ln xdx
1
p
2
l)
cos x
e sin 2 xdx
0
ln 2 xdx
p)
ln x
dx
2
1 x
Trang 87
cos xdx
f)
( x - 2)e
2x
dx
i) ln( x 2 - x)dx
2
m) ln 3 xdx
1
p
3
h)
p
2
c)
p
4
ln 2
o)
x) cos xdx
g)
( x + sin
2p
2
q)
x (e
-1
2x
+ 3 x + 1)dx
Nguyn hm Tch phn
Trn S Tng
VN 4: Tnh tch phn cc hm s c cha gi tr tuyt i

tnh tch phn ca hm s f(x) c cha du GTT, ta cn xt du f(x) ri s dng cng
thc phn on tnh tch phn trn tng on nh.
2
a)
x - 2 dx
b)
d)
x 2 - 1 dx
x 2 - 6 x + 9dx
-3
4
g)
e)
( x + 2 - x - 2 ) dx
f)
- 4 dx
4 - x dx
0
1
+ 2 x - 3 dx
0
3
-2
h)
c)
0
5
x 2 - x dx
x 3 - 4 x 2 + 4 x dx
i)
-1
p
2

2p
a)
1 - cos 2 x dx
b)
d)
g)
2p
1 - sin xdx
tan 2 x + cot 2 x - 2 dx
-p
p
3
1 - sin 2 x .dx
p
2
p
f)
sin x dx
1 + cos 2xdx
0
p
3
cos x cos x - cos3 xdx i)
h)
p
6
1 + cos xdx
e)
c)
2p
1 + sin xdx
p
2
VN 5: Tnh tch phn cc hm s hu t

Xem li cch tm nguyn hm ca cc hm s hu t.
3
dx
a)
3
1 x+ x
1
d)
e)
h)
dx
x2 - 3x + 2
-1
d)
2
2
0 ( x + 2) ( x + 3)
b)
dx
x3 + x + 1
dx
2
x
+
1
0
f)
e)
Trang 88
x2
3
0 (3 x + 1)
2
c)
dx
(1 + x)
x3 + x + 1
x + 1 dx
0
m)
+2
dx
2
x +1
dx
(3x
i)
+ 5x + 6
x3 - 3x + 2
3
dx
0 x 2 - 2x + 2
x
1
3 x2 + 3x + 3
a)
x
3
l)
f)
(4 x + 11)dx
2 x3 - 6 x 2 + 9 x + 9
x 2 dx
2 (1 - x )9
1
dx
2 x(x - 1)
0
k)
x 3 dx
c) 2
x + 2x + 1
0
x
0 (1 + 2 x )3 dx
4
g)
dx
b) 2
x - 5x + 6
0
dx
x3 + 2x 2 + 4 x + 9
dx
0
x2 + 4
1
4
0 1+ x
dx
Trn S Tng
2
g)
x (1 + x 4 )
1
2
k)
Nguyn hm Tch phn
4 + x2
dx
dx
h)
1 - x 2008
x (1 + x 2008 )
1
2
l)
1 - x2
1 1+
x4
dx
dx
i)
x4
2 (x
1
- 1)2
2 - x4
m)
0 1+
x2
dx
dx
VN 6: Tnh tch phn cc hm s v t

Xem li cch tm nguyn hm ca cc hm s v t.
a)
2
2
1+ x
dx
1- x
7
3
b)
g)
e)
2 2x +1+
h)
x x 2 + 1dx
l)
x+
4x +1
f)
1+
2
x2 +1
dx
i)
x -1
x4
x5 + 1
3
2
x x + 1dx
x - 2 x -1
5
2
x3
dx
c)
dx
dx
x +1 + x
2 2
k)
4x - 3
d)
dx
3x + 1
0 2+
10
x +1
dx
3x + 1
m)
dx
dx
x5 + x3
1+ x
dx
2 3
dx
n)
x x2 + 4
5
a) x
1 + x dx
b)
d)
x + 2008dx
1
1
g)
k)
dx
-1 1 +
2
2
x + x2 + 1
dx
(1 - x 2 )3
a)
cos xdx
7 + cos 2 x
d)
p
2
x x2 - 1
x2 + 1
x2 x2 + 1
e) x
0
2
h)
1 - cos3 x sin x cos5 xdx
l)
p
2
dx
o)
2
2
b)
p
2
dx
dx
c)
(1 + x 2 )3
10 - x dx
f)
1 + x 2 dx
0
1
dx
i)
x 2 + 2008
x 3 dx
x + x2 + 1
5
4
x dx
Trang 89
12 x - 4 x 2 - 8dx
cos x - cos2 xdx
1 + 3 cos x
m)
1 - x2
sin 2 x + sin x
x x3 + 1
c)
e)
dx
sin x
p
2
p)
p
2
dx
f)
p
3
cos xdx
2 + cos2 x
cos xdx
2 + cos 2 x
Nguyn hm Tch phn
g)
p
2
cos xdx
Trn S Tng
h)
1 + cos x
p
3
p
4
tan x
2
cos x 1 + cos x
dx
i)
p
2 sin 2 x + sin x
1 + 3cos x
dx

ln 3
a)
ln 2
x ln x + 1
e)
x (e2 x + 3 x + 1)dx
ln 2
(e x + 1) e x - 1
dx
(e x + 1)3
h)
e x dx
f)
-1
ex
1 + 3ln x ln x
dx
x
c)
ex + 1
dx
e2 x dx
ln 2 x
ln 3
g)
b)
ex + 1
ln 3
d)
ln 2
dx
ex
e x + e- x
dx
ln 2
e x - 1dx
i)
VN 7: Tnh tch phn cc hm s lng gic

Xem li cch tm nguyn hm ca cc hm s lng gic.
p
4
a) sin 2 x. cos xdx
p
4
b)
p
2
d) sin xdx
g)
e)
p
2
p
2
x cos4 xdx
sin x
l)
cos x
1 + cos x dx
o)
q)
p
2
sin x
2
dx
1 + cos x
0
p
2
a)
x + cos x )dx
1 - cos 3 x sin x cos 5 xdx
r)
p
2
dx
sin 4 x.cos x
p
6
p
4
tan
i)
xdx
1 + sin 2 x + cos 2 x
dx
sin x + cos x
p
d)
cos 2 x(sin
0
x + cos 4 x )dx
e)
x cos5 xdx
(tan x + e sin x cos x )dx
Trang 90
sin 2 x cos x
dx
1 + cos x
0
m)
p)
p
3
dx
sin x.cos3 x
p
4
s)
p
3
tan
xdx
0
p
3
c)
cos x
p
4
p
4
0
sin
p
2
p
2
p
2
p
2
0
b)
3 xdx
cos x + 1 dx
0
p
3
cos
f)
1 + 3 cos x dx
p
2
h) sin 2 x cos 3 xdx
n)
(sin
p
2
0
k)
p
2
0
c) sin 2 xdx
sin
tan xdx
p
2
f)
tan x
1 + cos 2 x
dx
(1 + sin x ) sin 2 xdx

0
Trn S Tng
g)
Nguyn hm Tch phn
p
3
sin x. ln(cos x )dx
h)
p
4
p
3
sin x
(tan2 x + 1)2 .cos5 x dx

0
i)
2
p sin x + 9 cos x
dx
a)
d)
g)
p
2
sin x dx
p
3
p
2
cos x
1 + cos x dx
0
p
2
sin x + cos x + 1 dx
b)
e)
h)
k)
p
2
(1 - sin x ) cos x
(1 + sin x)(2 - cos2 x ) dx
p
2
p
2
p
2
2 + sin x dx
0
p
2
sin x - cos x + 1
dx
sin x + 2 cos x + 3
p
2
p
3
dx
p
sin x cos x +
p
4
f)
i)
cos x
2 - cos x dx
c)
l)
dx
2 - cos x
p
2
sin x
2 + sin x dx
0
p
4
dx
p
cos x cos x +
p
3
m)
p
6
dx
p
sin x sin x +

p
2
a) (2 x - 1) cos xdx
d)
p
4
cos
p
2
p
2
p
2
sin
xdx
e)
g) cos(ln x )dx
h)
n)
1 + cos 2 x
b)
k)
xdx
p
3
2x
2
e sin xdx
0
p
2
sin 2 x
sin x cos3 xdx
l)
o)
0
p
3
cos xdx
ln(sin x )
p
6
p
4
cos x
dx
x tan 2 xdx
0
p
4
c)
f)
i)
dx
sin 2 x.e
2 x +1
0
p
2
dx
xdx
xdx
(2 x - 1) cos
0
x sin x cos
m)
ln(1 + tan x )dx
p
4
p)
dx
cos
0
VN 8: Tnh tch phn cc hm s m v logarit

S dng cc php ton v lu tha v logarit. Xem li cc phng php tm nguyn hm.
1
e x dx
a)
1+ ex
0
ln 2
b)
dx
x
e +5
Trang 91
c)
0e
1
x
+4
dx
Nguyn hm Tch phn

ln 8
d)
ex +1
g)
k)
ln 8
ex
ln 3
1 1- e
e
-x
ln 3
2 2x
dx
h)
x(ln 2 x + 1)
dx
l)
f)
x
0 e +1
1 -2 x
ln 2
e x + 1.e 2 x dx
e)
dx
ln x
Trn S Tng
dx
i)
dx
m)
-x
+1
0e
1- ex
dx
1+ ex
e- x
-x
0e
ln 3
+1
dx
e +1
dx

p
2
a) e x sin xdx
b)
p
2
e)
g)
k)
ln x
x
x ln (1 + x )dx
e
ln x
h)
+ ln 2
1 x ln x + 1
dx
l)
p
3
p
6
ln(sin x )
2
cos x
dx
1 + ln 2 x
dx
x
f)
ln x + ln(ln x )
dx
x
-x
d) (e + cos x ) cos xdx

e
xe
c)
2x
xe dx
x dx
dx
e3
i)
ln(ln x )
dx
x
e2
m)
ln( x + 1)
x +1
dx
VN 9: Mt s tch phn c bit

Dng 1. Tch phn ca hm s chn, hm s l
Nu hm s f(x) lin tc v l hm s l trn [a; a] th

Nu hm s f(x) lin tc v l hm s chn trn [a; a] th
f ( x )dx = 0
f ( x )dx = 2 f ( x )dx
-a
a
-a
a
0
V cc tnh cht ny khng c trong phn l thuyt ca SGK nn khi tnh cc tch phn c
dng ny ta c th chng minh nh sau:
a
0
a
0
a
Bc 1: Phn tch I = f ( x )dx = f ( x )dx + f ( x )dx J = f ( x )dx; K = f ( x )dx
-a
-a
0
-a
0
Bc 2: Tnh tch phn J =
f ( x )dx bng phng php i bin. t t = x.
-a
Nu f(x) l hm s l th J = K
I=J+K=0
Nu f(x) l hm s chn th J = K I = J + K = 2K
Dng 2. Nu f(x) lin tc v l hm chn trn R th:
a
f ( x)
(vi a R+ v a > 0)
x dx = f ( x )dx
-a a + 1
0
chng minh tnh cht ny, ta cng lm tng t nh trn.
a
0
a
0
a
f ( x)
f ( x)
f ( x)
f ( x)
f ( x)
I=
dx =
dx +
dx
J =
dx; K =
dx
x
x
x
x
x
a
+
1
a
+
1
a
+
1
a
+
1
a
+
1
-a
-a
0
-a
0
tnh J ta cng t:
t = x.
Trang 92
Trn S Tng
Nguyn hm Tch phn
p
Dng 3. Nu f(x) lin tc trn 0; th
2
p
2
p
2
f (sin x )dx = f (cos x )dx
p
-x
2
Dng 4. Nu f(x) lin tc v f (a + b - x ) = f ( x ) hoc f (a + b - x ) = - f ( x )
th t: t = a + b x
c bit, nu a + b = p
th t
t=px
nu a + b = 2p
th t
t = 2p x
Dng 5. Tnh tch phn bng cch s dng nguyn hm ph
xc nh nguyn hm ca hm s f(x) ta cn tm mt hm g(x) sao cho nguyn hm
ca cc hm s f(x) g(x) d xc nh hn so vi f(x). T suy ra nguyn hm ca f(x).
Ta thc hin cc bc nh sau:
Bc 1: Tm hm g(x).
Bc 2: Xc nh nguyn hm ca cc hm s f(x) g(x), tc l:
F ( x ) + G( x ) = A( x ) + C1
(*)
F ( x ) - G ( x ) = B( x ) + C
2
t=
chng minh tnh cht ny ta t:
Bc 3: T h (*), ta suy ra F ( x ) =
1
[ A( x ) + B( x )] + C l nguyn hm ca f(x).
2
Bai 1. Tnh cc tch phn sau (dng 1):

p
4
a)
x - x + x - x +1
cos 4 x
p
4
1
ln ( x +
d)
g)
-1
p
2
p
2
1+ x
sin 5 x
1 + cos x
dx
b)
p
2
cos x ln x + 1 + x 2 dx c)
p
2
1
) dx
e)
dx
h)
1
2
-1 x
p
2
p
2
1
2
x dx
4
f)
- x2 +1
xdx
i)
4 - sin x
1- x
cos x.ln 1 + x dx
-1
p
2
p
2
x 4 + sin x
dx
x2 +1
x + cos x
4 - sin 2 x
dx

1
a)
x4
d)
g)
x dx
-1 2 + 1
-p
p
2
p
2
sin 2 x
x
b)
-1
1+ 2x
dx
c)
dx
e)
3 +1
sin x sin 3 x cos 5 x

1 + ex
1 - x2
dx
h)
x2 +1
-31 + 2 x dx
p
4
sin 6 x + cos6 x
p
4
6x + 1
f)
dx
i)
dx
-1 (e
1
+ 1)( x 2 + 1)
dx
-1 (4 + 1)( x
p
2 x 2 sin 2 x
p
2
1+ 2x
+ 1)
dx

p
2
a)
cos x
cos n x + sin n x
dx (n N*)
b)
p
2
sin x
sin7 x + cos7 x dx
0
Trang 93
c)
p
2
sin x
sin x + cos x
dx
Nguyn hm Tch phn
d)
p
2
sin
2009
sin2009 x + cos2009 x
Trn S Tng
dx
e)
p
2
cos x
cos4 x + sin 4 x
p
2
sin 4 x
cos4 x + sin 4 x dx
p
2
dx
f)

p
a)
d)
0 4 - cos
p
4
k)
dx
b)
x + cos x
4 - sin 2 x
2p
ln(1 + tan x )dx
0
p
g)
x.sin x
e)
0
p
1 + sin x dx
h)
sin 4 x ln(1 + tan x )dx
l)
0
p
4
dx
x .cos3 xdx
0
p
x sin x
i)
x sin x
2
0 9 + 4 cos x
x.sin
f)
2 + cos x dx
1 + sin x
ln 1 + cos x dx
c)
xdx
x sin x
2
0 1 + cos x
dx
dx
x sin x cos
m)
xdx
a)
d)
g)
k)
p
2
0
p
2
0
p
2
b)
cos x
dx
sin x + cos x
e)
sin x
sin6 x + cos6 x dx
h)
2
2 cos x.sin 2 xdx
l)
0
p
2
0
1
n)
sin x
sin x - cos x dx
ex
x
-x
-1 e + e
p
2
cos x
sin x - cos x dx
0
p
2
sin 4 x
sin 4 x + cos4 x
0
p
2
dx f)
sin6 x + cos6 x dx
p
2
cos 4 x
sin 4 x + cos4 x dx
0
i)
p
2
0
1
x
-x
-1 e - e
1
dx
o)
ex
dx
e- x
x
-x
-1 e + e
sin x
sin x + cos x dx
c)
cos x
p
2
2sin
x.sin 2 xdx
m)
e- x
-x
x
-1 e - e
dx
dx
VN 10: Thit lp cng thc truy hi

b
Gi s cn tnh tch phn I n = f ( x , n)dx (n N) ph thuc vo s nguyn dng n. Ta

a
thng gp mt s yu cu sau:
Thit lp mt cng thc truy hi, tc l biu din In theo cc In-k (1 k n).
Chng minh mt cng thc truy hi cho trc.
Tnh mt gi tr I n c th no .
0
Bai 1. Lp cng thc truy hi cho cc tch phn sau:
Trang 94
Trn S Tng
Nguyn hm Tch phn
p
2
a) I n = sin n xdx
n -1
t u = sin x
dv = sin x.dx
b) I n = cos n xdx
n -1
t u = cos x
dv = cos x.dx
0
p
2
0
p
4
c) I n = tan n xdx
d) I n =
0
p
2
cos x.dx
Jn =
p
2
sin x.dx
Phn tch: tan n x = tan n-2 x ( tan 2 x + 1) - tan n -2 x

n
t u = x
dv = cos x.dx
n
t u = x
dv = sin x.dx
e) I n = x n e x dx
u = x n
t
x
dv = e .dx
f) I n = ln n x.dx
t u = ln x
dv = dx
g) I n = (1 - x 2 )n dx
t x = cos t
0
e
1
1
0
1
h) I n =
dx
0 (1 +
x 2 )n
Phn tch
1
Tnh J n =
k) I n =
0
p
4
dx
cosn x dx
0
(1 + x 2 )n
x2
2 n
0 (1 + x )
i) I n = x n 1 - x .dx
2n
t u = sin t
dv = sin t.dt
1 + x2
(1 + x 2 )n
dx .
x2
(1 + x 2 )n
u = x
x
t
dv =
dx
(1 + x 2 )n
u = x n
t
dv = 1 - x .dx
Phn tch
1
cos n x
cos x
cos n+1 x
Trang 95
t t =
1
cosn +1 x
Nguyn hm Tch phn
Trn S Tng
III. NG DNG TCH PHN

1. Din tch hnh phng
Din tch S ca hnh phng gii hn bi cc ng:
th (C) ca hm s y = f(x) lin tc trn on [a; b].
Trc honh.
Hai ng thng x = a, x = b.
b
S = f ( x ) dx
l:
(1)

th ca cc hm s y = f(x), y = g(x) lin tc trn on [a; b].
Hai ng thng x = a, x = b.
b
S = f ( x ) - g( x ) dx
l:
(2)
Ch :
Nu trn on [a; b], hm s f(x) khng i du th:
f ( x ) dx =
f ( x )dx
a
Trong cc cng thc tnh din tch trn, cn kh du gi tr tuyt i ca hm s di

du tch phn. Ta c th lm nh sau:
Bc 1: Gii phng trnh: f(x) = 0 hoc f(x) g(x) = 0 trn on [a; b]. Gi s tm
c 2 nghim c, d (c < d).
Bc 2: S dng cng thc phn on:
b
f ( x ) dx = f ( x ) dx + f ( x ) dx + f ( x ) dx
a
f ( x )dx + f ( x )dx + f ( x )dx
(v trn cc on [a; c], [c; d], [d; b] hm s f(x) khng i du)

th ca x = g(y), x = h(y)
(g v h l hai hm s lin tc trn on [c; d])
Hai ng thng x = c, x = d.
d
S = g( y) - h( y) dy
c
2. Th tch vt th
Gi B l phn vt th gii hn bi hai mt phng vung gc vi trc Ox ti cc im
cc im a v b.
S(x) l din tch thit din ca vt th b ct bi mt phng vung gc vi trc Ox ti
im c honh x (a x b). Gi s S(x) lin tc trn on [a; b].
b
Th tch ca B l:
V = S( x )dx
a
Th tch ca khi trn xoay:

Th tch ca khi trn xoay do hnh phng gii hn bi cc ng:
(C): y = f(x), trc honh, x = a, x = b (a < b)
sinh ra khi quay quanh trc Ox:
Trang 96
Trn S Tng
Nguyn hm Tch phn

b
V = p f 2 ( x )dx
a
Ch : Th tch ca khi trn xoay sinh ra do hnh phng gii hn bi cc ng sau

quay xung quanh trc Oy:
(C): x = g(y), trc tung, y = c, y = d
d
V = p g2 ( y )dy
l:
VN 1: Tnh din tch hnh phng

Bai 1. Tnh din tch hnh phng gii hn bi cc ng sau:
a) y = x 2 - 4 x - 5, y = 0, x = -2, x = 4
c) y =
1 + ln x
, y = 0, x = 1, x = e
x
ln x
1
, y = 0, x = , x = e
x
e
b) y =
ln x
d) y =
2 x
, y = 0, x = e, x = 1
1
f) y = x 3 , y = 0, x = -2, x = 1
e) y = ln x, y = 0, x = , x = e
e
x
1
1
g) y =
, y = 0, x = 0, x =
h) y = lg x , y = 0, x = , x = 10
10
2
1- x4
-3 x - 1
b) y = x , y = 2 - x , y = 0
a) y =
, y = 0, x = 0
x -1
c) y = e x , y = 2, x = 1
d) y = x , x + y - 2 = 0, y = 0
e) y = 2 x 2 , y = x 2 - 2 x - 1, y = 2
f) y = x 2 - 4 x + 5, y = -2 x + 4, y = 4 x - 11
g) y = x 2 , y =
x2
27
, y=
x
27
h) y = 2 x 2 , y = x 2 - 4 x - 4, y = 8
k) y = - x 2 + 6 x - 5, y = - x 2 + 4 x - 3, y = 3 x - 15
i) y 2 = 2 x, 2 x + 2 y + 1 = 0, y = 0
1
a) y = x, y = , y = 0, x = e
b) y = sin x - 2 cos x , y = 3, x = 0, x = p
x
c) y = 5 x -2 , y = 0, y = 3 - x, x = 0
d) y = 2 x 2 - 2 x , y = x 2 + 3 x - 6, x = 0, x = 4
e) y = x, y = 0, y = 4 - x
f) y = x 2 - 2 x + 2, y = x 2 + 4 x + 5, y = 1
g) y = x , y = 2 - x , y = 0
h) y =
a) y = 4 - x 2 , y = x 2 - 2 x
b) y = x 2 - 4 x + 3 , y = x + 3
1
-2 x
, y = e- x , x = 1
e
c) y =
1 2
1
x , y = - x2 + 3
4
2
e) y = x , y = 2 - x 2
d) y =
1
1+ x2
,y =
x2
2
f) y = x 2 - 2 x, y = - x 2 + 4 x
Trang 97
Nguyn hm Tch phn

g) y =
Trn S Tng
x2
1
, y=
2
1 + x2
2
h) y = x + 3 + , y = 0
x
i) y = x 2 + 2 x, y = x + 2
k) y = x 2 + 2, y = 4 - x
a) y = x 2 , x = - y 2
b) y 2 + x - 5 = 0, x + y - 3 = 0
c) y 2 - 2 y + x = 0, x + y = 0
d) y 2 = 2 x + 1, y = x - 1
e) y 2 = 2 x, y = x , y = 0, y = 3
f) y = ( x + 1)2 , x = sin py
g) y 2 = 6 x, x 2 + y 2 = 16
h) y 2 = (4 - x )3 , y 2 = 4 x
k) x 2 + y 2 = 8, y 2 = 2 x
i) x - y 3 + 1 = 0, x + y - 1 = 0
a) y = x.e x ; y = 0; x = -1; x = 2.
b) y = x.ln 2 x; y = 0; x = 1; x = e.
c) y = e x ; y = e- x ; x = 1.
d) y = 5 x -2 ; y = 0; x = 0; y = 3 - x.
e) y = ( x + 1)5 ; y = e x ; x = 1.
1
f) y = ln x , y = 0, x = , x = e
e
g) y = sin x + cos2 x, y = 0, x = 0, x = p h) y = x + sin x; y = x; x = 0; x = 2p.

i) y = x + sin 2 x; y = p; x = 0; x = p.
k) y = sin 2 x + sin x + 1, y = 0, x = 0, x =
a) (C ) : y = x +
p
2
, tim cn xin ca (C), x = 1 v x = 3.

2 x2
x2 + 2 x + 1
b) (C ) : y =
, y = 0 , tim cn xin ca (C), x = 1 v x = 2
x+2
c) (C ) : y = x 3 - 2 x 2 + 4 x - 3, y = 0 v tip tuyn vi (C) ti im c honh x = 2.
d) (C ) : y = x 3 - 3 x + 2, x = -1 v tip tuyn vi (C) ti im c honh x = 2.
e) (C ) : y = x 2 - 2 x v cc tip tuyn vi (C) ti O(0; 0) v A(3; 3) trn (C).
VN 2: Tnh th tch vt th
Bai 1. Tnh th tch vt th trn xoay sinh ra bi hnh (H) gii hn bi cc ng sau quay
quanh trc Ox:
p
1
a) y = sin x, y = 0, x = 0, x =
b) y = x 3 - x 2 , y = 0, x = 0, x = 3
4
3
p
d) y = x , y = 0, x = 4
c) y = sin 6 x + cos6 x , y = 0, x = 0, x =
2
e) y = x 3 - 1, y = 0, x = -1, x = 1
g) y =
f) y = x 2 , y = x
x2
x3
, y=
4
8
i) y = sin x , y = cos x, x =
h) y = - x 2 + 4 x , y = x + 2
p
p
,x=
4
2
k) ( x - 2)2 + y 2 = 9, y = 0
l) y = x 2 - 4 x + 6, y = - x 2 - 2 x + 6
m) y = ln x , y = 0, x = 2
quanh trc Oy:
Trang 98
Trn S Tng
Nguyn hm Tch phn
2
a) x = , y = 1, y = 4
y
b) y = x 2 , y = 4
c) y = e x , x = 0, y = e
d) y = x 2 , y = 1, y = 2
quanh:
i) trc Ox
ii) trc Oy
a) y = ( x - 2)2 , y = 4
c) y =
1
2
b) y = x 2 , y = 4 x 2 , y = 4
d) y = 2 x - x 2 , y = 0
, y = 0, x = 0, x = 1
x +1
e) y = x.ln x , y = 0, x = 1, x = e
f) y = x 2 ( x > 0), y = -3 x + 10, y = 1

2
h) ( x 4 ) + y 2 = 1
g) y = x 2 , y = x
i)
x2 y2
+
=1
9
4
k) y = x - 1, y = 2, y = 0, x = 0
l) x - y 2 = 0, y = 2, x = 0
m) y 2 = x 3 , y = 0, x = 1
Trang 99
Nguyn hm Tch phn
Trn S Tng
IV. N TP TCH PHN

5
a)
- x dx
x -1
d)
dx
+
2
x
-1
1
e)
xdx
0 ( x + 1)
1
3
h)
dx
l)
x +1
0
2 1+
0
-1 x
1
0 1+
dx
x - 2 x -1
g)
x4
x +1
3
h)
i)
+ 2x + 4
0 ( x + 1)
x +1 + x + 3
f)
1 - x dx
i)
o) x
1 - x dx
p)
2+x + 2-x
1
7
3
x +1
3x + 1
x2 + x
( x + 1)2
m)
xdx
3
2
x x + 3 dx
1 + x dx
l)
xdx
-1
2
dx
+ 5x + 2
x2 + 4
c)
x + 2 x2 + 4 x + 9
m)
x -3
-1 3
0 2x
2 3
x+5+4
dx
x 3 1 + x 2 dx
dx
k)
e)
f)
2 dx
-1
3
- 2 x + 1 dx
dx
dx
xdx
b)
x8 - 2 x 4
x
a)
dx
x -1
1 1+
10
x7
d)
c)
-3
k)
( x + 2 - x - 2 )dx
b)
g)
dx
1 - x 2 dx
dx
x5 + 2x3
x2 + 1
q)
dx
r) x 2 4 - x 2 dx
s)
t)

p /4
a)
p/ 2
d)
p/2
g)
p/2
1 - 2 sin 2 x
dx
1 + sin 2 x
b)
sin 2 x
2
cos x + 4 sin x
dx
p/ 4
0
p/2
o)
1 + 3cos x
0
p/2
e)
cos 2 x(sin 4 x + cos4 x )dx h)

l)
x
sin 2004 x + cos2004 x
c)
dx
tan x
2
cos x 1 + cos x
sin 2 x
dx
cos x + 1
0
p/2
p)
sin 2 x cos x
dx
1 + cos x
cos5 xdx
0
p/2
f)
p/ 3
p/2
x tan 2 x dx
sin
dx
sin x sin 2 x sin 3 x dx
p/ 4
2004
p/2
k)
sin 2 x + sin x
dx
i)
Trang 100
2
0 1 + cos x
p/2
m)
q)
dx
sin x
dx
1 + 3cos x
cos3 x
dx
sin x + 1
0
p/2
4 sin x
dx
1 + cos x
x sin x
dx
Trn S Tng
p/3
r)
Nguyn hm Tch phn
x sin2 xdx
2
sin 2 x cos x
p/2
sin xdx
x
sin x + 2 cos x cos
2
s)

3
a) x ln( x 2 + 5)dx
0
p/2
d)
(esin x + cos x ) cos x dx
0
e 3
g)
x +1
ln xdx
x
1
2
0 ( x + 2)
p/2
o)
x2e x
b) ln( x 2 - x)dx
2
ln 5
e)
dx
l)
ln3 e
1
2
(4 x
0
e
p)
3 - 2 ln x
0
1
e3 x sin 5 x dx
dx
+ 2e
-x
-3
h) ( x + 1)e x dx
k)
ln x
x
- 2 x - 1)e2 x dx
t)
c) ( x - 2)e2 x dx
0
e
f)
1
1
i)
ln 2 x dx
dx
0 1+ e
2
m)
ln(1 + x )
x2
1
1
dx
q) x ln(1 + x 2 )dx
dx
1 + 3 ln x . ln x
dx
x
e3
ln 2 x
dx
1
x
1
+
2
ln
x
x
ln
x
+
1
1
1
Bai 5. Tnh din tch cc hnh phng gii hn bi cc ng sau:
4
a) y = x 3 - 3 x + 2, y = 0, x = 0, x = -1
b) y =
, y = 0, x = -2, x = 1
2-x
1
9
c) y = - x 4 + 2 x 2 + , y = 0
d) y = e x , y = 2, x = 1
4
4
1
1
f) y = x 2 - 2 x, y = - x 2 + 4 x
e) y = x - 1 +
, y = 0, x = 2, x = 4
2
x -1
2x +1
- x2 + x
, y = 0, x = 0
h) y =
, y=0
g) y =
x +1
x +1
x2 + 3x - 2
m) y =
, tiem can xien, x = 0, x = 1
x +1
x2 + x - 2
n) y =
, y = 0, tiep tuyen ve t goc toa o
x +1
r)
dx
s)
t)
o) y = x 3 + 3 x 2 + 3 x + 1 , tip tuyn ti giao im ca (C) vi trc tung.

1 3
x - 3 x , tip tuyn ti im M thuc th c honh x = 2 3 .
4
Bai 6. Tnh th tch cc vt th trn xoay sinh ra khi quay hnh phng gii hn bi cc
ng sau quanh trc:
p) y =
a) y = x , y = 0, x = 3; Ox
b) y = x ln x , y = 0, x = 1, x = e; Ox
c) y = xe x , y = 0, x = 1; Ox
d) y = 4 - x 2 , y = x 2 + 2; Ox
e) y 2 = 4 - x, x = 0; Oy
f) x = ye y , x = 0, y = 1; Oy

Trang 101
S phc
Trn S Tng
CHNG IV
S PHC
I. S PHC
1. Khi nim s phc

Tp hp s phc:
C
S phc (dng i s) : z = a + bi
(a, b R , a l phn thc, b l phn o, i l n v o, i2 = 1)
z l s thc
phn o ca z bng 0 (b = 0)
z l thun o phn thc ca z bng 0 (a = 0)
S 0 va l s thc va l s o.
a = a '
Hai s phc bng nhau:
a + bi = a + bi
(a, b, a ', b ' R)
b = b '
2. Biu din hnh hc: S phc z = a + bi (a, b R) c biu din bi im M(a; b) hay
r
bi u = (a; b) trong mp(Oxy) (mp phc)
3. Cng v tr s phc:
( a + bi ) + ( a + bi ) = ( a + a) + ( b + b) i
( a + bi ) - ( a + bi ) = ( a - a) + ( b - b) i
S i ca z = a + bi l z = a bi
r
r
r r
r r
u biu din z, u ' biu din z' th u + u ' biu din z + z v u - u ' biu din z z.
4. Nhn hai s phc :
( a + bi )( a '+ b ' i ) = ( aa ' bb ' ) + ( ab '+ ba ' ) i
k (a + bi ) = ka + kbi (k R)
5. S phc lin hp ca s phc z = a + bi l z = a - bi
z z
z = z ; z z ' = z z ' ; z.z ' = z.z '; 1 = 1 ;
z2 z2
z l s thc z = z ;
z l s o z = - z
z. z = a2 + b2
6. Mun ca s phc : z = a + bi
uuuur
z = a2 + b2 = zz = OM
z 0, "z C ,
z =0z=0
z.z ' = z . z '
7. Chia hai s phc:
1
z -1 =
z (z 0)
2
z
z
z
=
z' z'
z - z' z z' z + z'

z'
z '.z z '. z
= z ' z -1 =
=
2
z
z.z
z
Trang 102
z'
= w z ' = wz
z
Trn S Tng
S phc
8. Cn bc hai ca s phc:
2
2
z = x + yi l cn bc hai ca s phc w = a + bi z2 = w x - y = a
2 xy = b
w = 0 c ng 1 cn bc hai l z = 0
w 0 c ng hai cn bc hai i nhau
Hai cn bc hai ca a > 0 l a

Hai cn bc hai ca a < 0 l - a .i
9. Phng trnh bc hai Az2 + Bz + C = 0 (*) (A, B, C l cc s phc cho trc, A 0 ).
D = B 2 - 4 AC
-B d
, ( d l 1 cn bc hai ca D)
2A
B
D = 0 : (*) c 1 nghim kp: z1 = z2 = 2A
Ch : Nu z0 C l mt nghim ca (*) th z0 cng l mt nghim ca (*).
10. Dng lng gic ca s phc:
z = r (cos j + i sin j) (r > 0) l dng lng gic ca z = a + bi (z 0)
D 0 : (*) c hai nghim phn bit z1,2 =
r = a2 + b2
a
cos j =
r
b
sin j =
r
j l mt acgumen ca z, j = (Ox , OM )
z = 1 z = cos j + i sin j (j R)
11. Nhn, chia s phc di dng lng gic
Cho z = r (cos j + i sin j) , z ' = r '(cos j '+ i sin j ') :
z.z ' = rr '. [ cos(j + j ') + i sin(j + j ')]
z r
= [ cos(j - j ') + i sin(j - j ')]
z' r '
12. Cng thc Moavr:

n
[r (cos j + i sin j)] = r n (cos nj + i sin nj) ,
( n N* )
( cos j + i sin j ) = cos nj + i sin nj

13. Cn bc hai ca s phc di dng lng gic:
S phc z = r (cosj + i sin j ) (r > 0) c hai cn bc hai l:
j
j
r cos + i sin
2
2
j
j
j
va - r cos + i sin = r cos + p + i sin + p
2
2
2
M rng: S phc z = r (cosj + i sin j ) (r > 0) c n cn bc n l:
n
j + k 2p
j + k 2p
r cos
+ i sin
, k = 0,1,..., n - 1
n
n
Trang 103
S phc
Trn S Tng
VN 1: Thc hin cc php ton cng tr nhn chia cn bc 2

p dng cc quy tc cng, tr, nhn, chia hai s phc, cn bc hai ca s phc.
Ch cc tnh cht giao hon, kt hp i vi cc php ton cng v nhn.
Bai 1. Tm cc s thc x v y, bit:
a) 2 x + yi - 3 + 2i = x - yi + 2 + 4i
b) (2 x + 3) + ( y + 2)i = x - ( y - 4)i
c) (2 - x ) - i 2 = 3 + (3 - y )i
d) (3 x - 2) + (2 y + 1)i = ( x + 1) - ( y - 5)i
e) (2 x + y) + ( y + 2)i = ( x + 2) - ( y - 4)i
Bai 2. Thc hin cc php ton sau:
a) (-5 - 7i) - (9 - 3i ) - (11 + 6i ) b) (4 i ) + (2 + 3i ) (5 + i )
c) -17i + (4 + i) - (1 - 3i)
e) 14i + (1 - 2i) - ( 2 + 5 ) i f) 2 - i + ( 3 - 2i )
d) (-2 + 7i ) + (14 - i ) + (1 - 2i)
1 3
1
3 1 5 3
2 5
g) 3 - i + - + 2i - i
h) + i - - + i
i) ( 2 - 3i ) - - i
3 2
2
4 5 4 5
3 4
a) (2 - 3i)(3 + i )
b) (-2 + 5i )(4 + 8i )
c) (4 + i)(3 - 6i )
d) (2 - 7i )(4 - i )(1 + 2i)
e) (2 - 7i )(4 + i ) - (11 - 3i )
f) (3 + 4i )2
g) (2 + i )3 - (3 - i )3
h) (1 + i )2 - (1 i)2
i) (-1 + i )3 - (2i )3
k) (3 + 3i )5
l) (2 - i )6
m) 5i(1 - i )7
3
n)
Bai 4.
a)
d)
g)
k)
n)
3
1
1
3
o) + i
- 3i
2
2
2
Thc hin cc php ton sau:

1+ i
3
b)
2-i
1 + 2i
(3 + i )(2 + 6i )
1+ i
e)
1- i
1- i
(1 + 2i)(-4 + i)
(1 - i )(4 + 3i)
3 -i
2 -i
1+ i
i
l)
i m
a) (1 - i)100
d)
(-3 + 2i )(1 - i)2
(2 + i) + (1 + i)(4 - 3i )
3 - 2i
h)
o)
1+ i 3
1- i 3
1- i 2 1+ i 2
a+i a
a-i a
b) (1 + i )2009 - (1 - i )2009
e)
(1 + 2i) 2 - (1 - i) 2
(3 + 2i) 2 - (2 + i ) 2
1
3
p) - + i
2
2
2 - 3i
4 + 5i
3+ i
f)
(1 - 2i )(1 + i )
c)
i)
-2 + 5i
(1 + 3i)(-2 - i )(1 + i )
m)
p)
2+i 2
1- i 2
a+i b
1+ i 2
2 -i 2
i a
c) (1 + i )2010 - (1 - i)2010
f)
(1 + i )2 (2i )3
-2 + i
c)
z+i
z-i
(1 - 2i)3 (3 + i )
Bai 6. Cho s phc z = x + yi . Tm phn thc v phn o ca cc s phc sau:
z +i
iz - 1
Bai 7. Phn tch thnh nhn t, vi a, b R:
a) z2 - 2 z + 4i
b)
a) a2 + 1
b) 2a2 + 3
c) 4a 4 + 9b2
d) 3a2 + 5b 2
e) a3 + 8
f) a3 - 27
g) a4 + 16
h) a4 + a2 + 1
Trang 104
Trn S Tng
S phc
Bai 8. Tm cn bc hai ca s phc:
a) -1 + 4 3i
b) 4 + 6 5i
c) -1 - 2 6i
d) -5 + 12i
e) 8 + 6i
f) 7 - 24i
g) -40 + 42i
h) 11 + 4 3.i
4 5
k) - - i
3 2
l) 3 + 4i
m) 33 - 56i
i)
1
2
+
i
4 2
VN 2: Gii phng trnh trn tp s phc
Gi s z = x + yi. Gii cc phng trnh n z l tm x, y tho mn phng trnh.

S dng cch gii phng trnh bc 2.
Bai 1. Gii cc phng trnh sau (n z):
a) (4 - 5i )z = 2 + i
1
1
d) z 3 - i = 3 + i
2
2
1 + i 1 - 5i
1 - 5i
+
g)
z =
1- i
3 - i 1 + 3i
2
k) z + z = 0
o) (2 - i ) z = 3 + 4i
b) (4 + 3i )z = (2 - i )3
e)
3 + 5i
= 2 - 4i
z
2+i
- 1 + 3i
z=
1- i
2+i
4
z+i
f)
=1
z -i
c)
h) (3 - 2i)2 ( z + i) = 3i
i) z 2 + z = 0
l) 2 z - 3z = 1 - 12i
m) z - 2 z = -1 - 8i
p) z 2 - z = 0
q) z + 2 z = 2 - 4i
1
r) [(2 - i ) z + 3 + i ] iz + = 0
2i

q) (1 - i )5 z = (3 + 2i )(1 + 3i)
a) z2 - 3.z + 1 = 0
b) 3 2.z2 - 2 3.z + 2 = 0
c) 3z2 - z + 2 = 0
d) -3z2 + 2 z - 1 = 0
e) z2 + 7 = 0
f) 7z2 + 3z + 2 = 0
g) z2 + 2 z + 5 = 0
h) z2 - 3z + 3 = 0
i) z2 - 4 z + 11 = 0
a) ( z2 + 9)( z2 - z + 1) = 0
b) 3z3 - 24 = 0
c) z 4 - 5z2 - 6 = 0
d) z 4 + 7 z2 - 8 = 0
e) z 4 - 8z2 - 9 = 0
f) z 4 + 4 z - 77 = 0
g) 8z4 + 8z3 = z + 1
h) 2 z3 + z2 + z - 1 = 0
Bai 4. Gii cc phng trnh sau (n x):
i) z 4 + z3 + z + 1 = 0
a) 3i. x 2 - 2 x - 4 + i = 0
b) x 2 - (3 - i) x + 4 - 3i = 0
c) ix 2 + 4 x + 4 - i = 0
d) x 2 + 2(1 + i) x + 4 + 2i = 0
e) x 2 + (2 - 3i ) x = 0
f) i. x 2 + 2i. x - 4 = 0
g) x 2 - 2(2 - i ) x + 18 + 4i = 0
h) x 2 + (1 - 3i) x - 2(1 + i ) = 0 i) 2 x 2 - ix + 1 = 0
k) (1 - i ) x 2 - 2 x - (11 + 3i ) = 0 l) x 2 + (1 + i ) x - 2 - i = 0
m) x 2 + (-2 + i ) x - 2i = 0
a) 2 z4 + 16 = 0
b) z 4 - 8 = 0
c) ( z + 2)5 + 1 = 0
d) ( z2 + i )( z2 - 2iz - 1) = 0
e) z5 + z4 + z3 + z2 + z + 1 = 0
f) ( z + 3i)(z2 - 2 z + 5) = 0
g) 2 z3 - 3z2 + 5z + 3i - 3 = 0
h) z 4 - 8(1 - i )z2 + 63 - 16i = 0

Trang 105
S phc
Trn S Tng
i) ( z + 3 - i )2 - 6( z + 3 - i) + 13 = 0
k) z 4 - 24(1 - i)z2 + 308 - 144i = 0
Bai 6. Tm hai s phc bit tng v tch ca chng ln lt l:
a) 2 + 3i va - 1 + 3i
b) 2i va - 4 + 4i
Bai 7. Tm phng trnh bc hai vi h s thc nhn a lm nghim:
a) a = 3 + 4i
b) a = 7 - i 3
d) a = -2 - i 3
e) a = 3 - i 2
c) a = 2 - 5i
f) a = -i
5+i
g) a = (2 + i )(3 - i )
h) a = i 51 + 2i80 + 3i 45 + 4i 38 i) a =
2-i
Bai 8. Tm tham s m mi phng trnh sau y c hai nghim z1 , z2 tho mn iu kin
ch ra:
a) z2 - mz + m + 1 = 0, k : z12 + z22 = z1z2 + 1
b) z2 - 3mz + 5 = 0, k : z13 + z23 = 18
c) z2 + mz + 3 = 0, k : z12 + z22 = 8
Bai 9. Cho z1 , z2 l hai nghim ca phng trnh. Tnh gi tr ca cc biu thc sau:
A = z12 + z22 ,
B = z12 z2 + z1z22 ,
a) z2 + z + 1 = 0
b) 3z2 + z + 2 = 0
c) 5z2 - 7 z + 11 = 0
d) z2 + z + 7 = 0
e) (1 + i 2 ) z2 - (3 + 2i )z + 1 - i = 0
g) z2 - (5 - 14i )z - 2(12 + 5i) = 0
z + z = 4 + i
a) 12 22
b)
z1 + z2 = 5 - 2i
z1 z2
+ :
z2 z1
C=
f) z2 + (1 - 3i)z - 2(1 + i) = 0
h) (1 - i )z2 - 2 z - (11 + 3i ) = 0
z1.z2 = -5 - 5.i
2 2
z1 + z2 = -5 + 2.i
z - 12 5
=
z - 8i 3
e)
z- 4 =1
z - 8
z - 2i = z
h)
z - i = z - 1
z3 + z5 = 0
c) 12 2 4
z1 .(z2 ) = 1
z -1
=1
z-i
f)
z - 3i = 1
z + i
x + y = 4
c)
xy = 7 + 4i
1 1 1 1
+ = - i
d) x y 2 2
x 2 + y 2 = 1 - 2i
x + y = 5 - i
2
2
x + y = 8 - 8i
x 2 + y 2 = -6
e) 1 1 2
x + y = 5
x + y = 5 - i
g) 2
2
x + y = 1 + 2i
x + y = 1
h) 3
3
x + y = -2 - 3i
2
2
i) x + y = 5 + 2i
x + y = 4 - i
z1 + z2 + z3 = 1
d) z1 + z2 + z3 = 1
z .z .z = 1
1 2 3
z2 + z2 = 5 + 2i
g) 1 2
z1 + z2 = 4 - i
x + 2 y = 1 - 2i
a)
b)
x + y = 3 - i
Trang 106
2
2
i) z1 + z2 + 4 z1z2 = 0
z1 + z2 = 2i
x + y = 3 + 2i
f) 1 1 17 1
+ =
+ i
x y 26 26
Trn S Tng
S phc
VN 3: Tp hp im
Gi s s phc z = x + yi c biu din bi im M(x; y). Tm tp hp cc im M l
tm h thc gia x v y.
Bai 1. Xc nh tp hp cc im M trong mt phng phc biu din cc s z tha mn mi
iu kin sau:
a) z + z + 3 = 4
d) 2i.z - 1 = 2 z + 3
b) z - z + 1 - i = 2
e) 2i - 2 z = 2 z - 1
g) z + i = z - 2 - 3i
h)
k) 2 + z = i - z
l) z + 1 < 1
z - 3i
=1
z+i
c) z - z + 2i = 2 z - i
f) z + 3 = 1
i) z - 1 + i = 2
m) 1 < z - i < 2
o) z + (1 - 3i) = z + 3 - 2i
p) 2i - 2 z = 2 z - 1
n) z - (1 - i )3 = 1
Bai 2. Xc nh tp hp cc im M trong mt phng phc biu din cc s z tha mn mi
iu kin sau:
a) z + 2i l mt s thc
b) z - 2 + i l mt s thun o
1
z+i
c)
l mt s thun o
d)
l mt s thc dng
z -1
z-i
e) ( z - i )2 l mt s thc dng
f) ( z - 1 + i)2 l mt s thun o
g) z 3 v phn thc ln hn 1
i) Phn thc ca z nh hn 3
h) z 3 v phn thc nh hn 2
k) Phn o ca z ln hn 5.
VN 4: Dng lng gic ca s phc

S dng cc php ton s phc dng lng gic.
Bai 1. Tm mt acgumen ca mi s phc sau:
a) - 2 + 2 3.i
b) 4 4i
p
p
p
p
d) cos - i. sin
e) - sin - i. cos
4
4
8
8
a) 3 ( cos 20o + i sin 20o )( cos 25o + i sin 25o )
c) 3 ( cos120o + i sin120o )( cos 45o + i sin 45o )
e)
2 ( cos18o + i sin18o )( cos 72o + i sin 72o )
g)
2 (cos 45 0 + i. sin 45 0 )
3 (cos15 0 + i. sin 15 0 )
c) 1 - 3.i
f) (1 - i. 3 )(1 + i)
p
p
p
p
b) 5 cos + i.sin .3 cos + i.sin
6
6
4
4
p
p
p
p
d) 5 cos + i sin 3 cos + i sin

6
6
4
4
o
o
cos85 + i sin 85
f)
cos 40o + i sin 40o
2(cos 45o + i sin 45o )
h)
3(cos15o + i sin15o )
2p
2p
+ i. sin
)
3
3
i)
k)
p
p
2(cos + i. sin )
2
2
Bai 3. Vit di dng lng gic cc s phc sau:
2 (cos
Trang 107
2p
2p
2 cos
+ i sin
3
3
p
p
2 cos + i sin
2
2
S phc
Trn S Tng
b) 1 + i
a) 1 - i 3
1- i 3
1+ i
f)
1
2 + 2i
i) 1 + i 3
k)
3-i
e)
c) (1 - i 3 )(1 + i )
d) 2.i.( 3 - i)
g) sin j + i. cos j
h)
l) 3 + 0i
m) tan
2 +i 2
Bai 4. Vit di dng i s cc s phc sau:
p
p
b) 2 cos + i sin
6
6
3+i
e)
(1 + i )(1 - 2i )
a) cos 45o + i sin 45o

d) (2 + i)6
1+ i
g)
2i + 1
h) ( -1 + i 3 )
1
3p
3p
k)
+ i sin
cos
4
4
2
1+ i
l)
1- i
60
100
5p
+i
8
c) 3 ( cos120o + i sin120o )
f)
1
i
1+ i 3
i) (2 - 2i ) .
1- i
7
p
p
cos + i sin m)
4
4
17
3 - i)
Bai 5. Tnh:
a) ( cos12o + i sin12o )
d) 2 ( cos30 0 + i sin 30 0 )
21
16
b) (1 + i )
7
5 + 3i 3
g)
1
2
i
3
p
p
k) (cos - i sin )i 5 .(1 + 3i )7
3
3
Bai 6. Chng minh:
c) ( 3 - i ) 6
e) (cos15o + i sin15o )5 f) (1 + i )2008 + (1 - i )2008

12
1
3
h) + i
i)
2
2
1
1
l) z2008 +
, biet z + = 1
z
z2008
i + 1
2008
a) sin 5t = 16sin5 t - 20sin3 t + 5sin t
b) cos 5t = 16 cos5 t - 20 cos3 t + 5 cos t
c) sin 3t = 3cos2 t - sin3 t
d) cos3t = 4 cos3 t - 3 cos t
Trang 108
40
Trn S Tng
S phc
II. N TP S PHC
a) (2 - i )(-3 + 2i)(5 - 4i )
16
1+ i
1- i
c)
+
1- i
1+ i
3 + 7i 5 - 8i
+
2 + 3i 2 - 3i
b)
-1 + i 3 1 - i 7
d)
+
2
2
e) (2 - 4i)(5 + 2i) + (3 + 4i )(-6 - i )
f) i -5 (-i )-7 + (-i)13 + i -100 + (-i)94
g) i 2000 + i1999 + i 201 + i82 + i 47
h) 1 + i + i2 + i3 + ... + i2009
k) 1 + i + i 2 + ... + i n , (n 1)
i) i.i 2 .i 3 ...i 2000
Bai 2. Cho cc s phc z1 = 1 + 2i, z2 = -2 + 3i, z3 = 1 - i . Tnh:
a) z1 + z2 + z3
d)
z12
+ z2 + z3
b) z1z2 + z2 z3 + z3 z1
z z
z
e) 1 + 2 + 3
z2 z3 z1
c) z1z2 z3
f)
Bai 3. Rt gn cc biu thc sau:
z12 + z2 2
z2 2 + z32
a) A = z4 + iz3 - (1 + 2i)z2 + 3z + 1 + 3i, vi z = 2 + 3i

b) B = ( z - z2 + 2 z3 )(2 - z + z2 ), vi z =
Bai 4. Tm cc s thc x, y sao cho:
a) (1 - 2i ) x + (1 + 2 y)i = 1 + i
1
( 3 - i)
2
b)
x -3 y -3
+
=i
3+i 3-i
1 2
x + (3 xy - 2 y 2 )i
2
Bai 5. Tm cc cn bc hai ca cc s phc sau:
b) 3 + 4i
c) 1 + i
a) 8 + 6i
c) (4 - 3i ) x 2 + (3 + 2i ) xy = 4 y 2 -
1+ i
e)
1- i
i)
3 -i
1+ i 3
1- i 3
f)
3 -i
k)
1
2
1
2
g)
1
2
i
2 2
l) -2 (1 + i 3 )
Bai 6. Tm cc cn bc ba ca cc s phc sau:
d) 7 - 24i
h) i, i
m)
1
1
+
1+ i 1- i
a) -i
b) 27
c) 2 + 2i
Bai 7. Tm cc cn bc bn ca cc s phc sau:
d) 18 + 6i
a) 2 - i 12
b) 3 + i
d) -7 + 24i
a) z3 - 125 = 0
c) -2i
b) z 4 + 16 = 0
c) z3 + 64i = 0
d) z3 - 27i = 0
e) z7 - 2iz4 - iz3 - 2 = 0 f) z6 + iz3 + i - 1 = 0 g) z10 + (-2 + i)z5 - 2i = 0

Bai 9. Gi u1; u2 l hai cn bc hai ca z1 = 3 + 4i v v1; v2 l hai cn bc hai ca
z2 = 3 - 4i . Tnh u1 + u2 + v1 + v2 ?
Bai 10. Gii cc phng trnh sau trn tp s phc:
a) z2 + 5 = 0
b) z2 + 2 z + 2 = 0
Trang 109
c) z2 + 4 z + 10 = 0
S phc
Trn S Tng
d) z2 - 5z + 9 = 0
e) -2 z2 + 3z - 1 = 0
f) 3z2 - 2 z + 3 = 0
g) ( z + z )( z - z ) = 0
h) z2 + z + 2 = 0
i) z2 = z + 2
k) 2 z + 3z = 2 + 3i
l) ( z + 2i ) +2 ( z + 2i ) - 3 = 0 m) z3 = z
n) 4 z2 + 8 z = 8
o) iz2 + (1 + 2i)z + 1 = 0
2
4z + i
4z + i
a)
+6 = 0
-5
z-i
z -i
p) (1 + i )z2 + 2 + 11i = 0
b) ( z + 5i )( z - 3 ) ( z2 + z + 3) = 0
c) ( z2 + 2 z ) - 6 ( z2 + 2 z ) - 16 = 0
d) z3 - (1 + i ) z2 + ( 3 + i ) z - 3i = 0
e) ( z + i ) ( z2 - 2 z + 2 ) = 0
f) z2 - 2iz + 2i - 1 = 0
g) z2 - (5 - 14i )z - 2(12 + 5i) = 0
h) z2 - 80 z + 4099 - 100i = 0
i) ( z + 3 - i )2 - 6( z + 3 - i) + 13 = 0
k) z2 - (cos j + i sin j)z + i cos j sin j = 0
a) x 2 - (3 + 4i ) x + 5i - 1 = 0
b) x 2 + (1 + i ) x - 2 - i = 0
c) 3 x 2 + x + 2 = 0
e) x 3 - 1 = 0
d) x 2 + x + 1 = 0
Bai 13. Gii cc phng trnh sau bit chng c mt nghim thun o:
a) z3 - iz2 - 2iz - 2 = 0
b) z3 + (i - 3)z2 + (4 - 4i )z - 4 + 4i = 0
Bai 14. Tm m phng trnh sau: ( z + i ) z2 - 2mz + m 2 - 2m = 0
a) Ch c ng 1 nghim phc
c) C ba nghim phc
b) Ch c ng 1 nghim thc
Bai 15. Tm m phng trnh sau: z3 + (3 + i )z2 - 3z - (m + i ) = 0 c t nht mt nghim thc

Bai 16. Tm tt c cc s phc z sao cho ( z - 2)( z + i ) l s thc.
Bai 17. Gii cc phng trnh trng phng:
a) z 4 - 8(1 - i )z2 + 63 - 16i = 0
b) z 4 - 24(1 - i)z2 + 308 - 144i = 0
c) z 4 + 6(1 + i )z2 + 5 + 6i = 0
Bai 18. Cho z1 , z2 l hai nghim ca phng trnh: z2 - (1 + i 2 ) z + 2 - 3i = 0 . Tnh gi tr
ca cc biu thc sau:

a) z12 + z22
b) z12 z2 + z1z22
1
1
2
2
d) z1 + + z2 + e) z2 z13 + z1z23
z2 z1
z1 z2
c) z13 + z23
f)
z1 z2
+
z2 z1
Bai 19. Cho z1 , z2 l hai nghim ca phng trnh: x 2 - x + 1 = 0 . Tnh gi tr ca cc biu
thc sau:
a) x12000 + x22000
b) x11999 + x1999
2
c) x1n + x2n , n N
Bai 20. Tm tp hp cc im trong mt phng phc biu din cc s phc tho mn h thc
sau:
a)
z
=3
z -i
b) z2 + z 2 = 1
Bai 21. Hy tnh tng S = 1 + z + z2 + z3 + ...z n -1 bit rng

Bai 22. Vit di dng lng gic cc s phc sau:
Trang 110
c) z =
z = cos
1
z
2p
2p
+ i sin
.
n
n
Trn S Tng
S phc
a) i 4 + i 3 + i 2 + i + 1
b) (1 - i )(2 + i)
c)
p
p
p
e) -3 cos + i sin
2
6
6
p
g) sin a + i(1 - cos a ), 0 < a <
2
Bai 23. Tm mun v mt acgumen ca cc s phc sau:
d) 1 - sin a + i cos a , 0 < a <
a)
(2
3 + 2i )
(1 - i )6
(1 + i )6
8
a)
3 + 2i )
(1 - i )6
3 - 2i )
( -1 + i ) 4
10
(1 + i )6
( -1 + i ) 4
b)
(2
f) cot a + i, p < a <
p
2
c) (1 + i 3 ) + (1 - i 3 )
( 2 3 + 2i )
3 - i)
p
p
p
p
d) - sin + i cos
e) cos - i sin
f) -2 + 2 3i
8
8
4
4
p
1 + cos a + i sin a
p
g) 1 - sin a + i cos a , 0 < a <
, 0 <a <
h)
i) 4 - 3i
2
1 + cos a - i sin a
2
Bai 24. Tm mun v mt acgumen ca cc s phc sau:
(2
(2
b)
2+i
1- i
10
( 3 - i ) ( 2 3 + 2i )
3 - 2i )
Bai 25. Chng minh cc biu thc sau c gi tr thc:
7
19 + 7i 20 + 5i
b)
+
9 - i 7 + 6i
a) ( 2 + i 5 ) + ( 2 - i 5 )
6
-1 + i 3 -1 - i 3
c)
+
2

2
i+ 3 i- 3
e)
+
2 2
c) (1 + i 3 ) + (1 - i 3 )
-1 + i 3 -1 - i 3
d)
+
2

2
Bai 26. Trong cc s phc z tho mn iu kin z - 2 + 3i =
3
. Tm s phc z c mun nh
2
nht.
Bai 27. Xt cc im A, B, C trong mt phng phc theo th t biu din cc s phc sau:
4i
2 + 6i
; (1 - i)(1 + 2i);
i -1
3-i
a) Chng minh ABC l tam gic vung cn.

b) Tm s phc biu din bi im D sao cho t gic ABCD l hnh vung.
Bai 28. Gii cc phng trnh sau, bit chng c mt nghim thun o:
b) z3 + (1 + i )z2 + (i - 1)z - i = 0
a) z3 + (2 - 2i)z2 + (5 - 4i)z - 10i = 0

c) z3 + (4 - 5i )z2 + (8 - 20i )z - 40i = 0
Bai 29. Cho a thc P( z) = z3 + (3i - 6)z2 + (10 - 18i)z + 30i .
a) Tnh P(-3i )
b) Gii phng trnh P( z) = 0 .

2
z +1
Bai 30. Gii phng trnh z = 2 , bit z = 3 + 4i l mt nghim ca phng trnh.
z-7

a) z 4 + 2 z3 - z2 + 2 z + 1 = 0
b) z 4 - 2 z3 - z2 - 2 z + 1 = 0
Trang 111
S phc
Trn S Tng
c) z 4 - (1 + 2 ) z3 + ( 2 + 2 ) z2 - (1 + 2 ) z + 1 = 0
d) z 4 - 4 z3 + 6 z2 - 4 z - 15 = 0
e) z6 + z5 - 13z4 - 14 z3 - 13z2 + z + 1 = 0
2
z+i
b)
=8
z-i
a) ( z + 3z + 6) + 2 z( z + 3z + 6) - 3z = 0
2
z-i z -i z -i
d)
+
+
+1 = 0
z+i z+i z+i
c) ( z - z + 1) - 6 z ( z - z + 1) + 5z = 0
2z - i
1.
2 + iz
Bai 34. Cho cc s phc z1 , z2 , z3 . Chng minh:
Bai 33. Chng minh rng: nu z 1 th
a) z1 + z2 + z2 + z3 + z3 + z1 = z1 + z2 + z3 + z1 + z2 + z3
2
( )(1 + z )
= (1 - z )(1 - z )
b) 1 + z1 z2 + z1 - z2 = 1 + z1
2
c) 1 - z1z2 - z1 - z2
d) Nu z1 = z1 = c th z1 + z2 + z1 - z2 = 4c 2 .

Trang 112
Trn S Tng
thi Tt nghip i hc
I. KHO ST HM S
THI TT NGHIP
Bai 1. (TN 2002) Cho hm s y = - x 4 + 2 x 2 + 3 c th (C ).
1. Kho st hm s.
2. Da vo th (C), hy xc nh cc gi tr m phng trnh x 4 2 x 2 + m = 0 c
bn nghim phn bit.
S: 2) 0 < m < 1.
- x2 + 4 x - 5
Bai 2. (TN 2003) Cho hm s y =
.
x-2
1. Kho st hm s.
- x 2 - (m - 4) x + m 2 - 4m - 5
2. Tm m th hm s y =
c cc tim cn trng vi
x+m-2
cc tim cn tng ng ca th hm s kho st trn.
S: 2) m = 0.
1
Bai 3. (TN 2004) Cho hm s y = x 3 - x 2 c th l ( C).
3
1. Kho st hm s.
2. Vit phng trnh cc tip tuyn ca (C ) i qua im A(3;0).
3. Tnh th tch ca vt th trn xoay do hnh phng gii hn bi ( C) v cc ng thng
y = 0, x = 0, x = 3 quay quanh trc Ox.
81p
3) V =
S: 2) y = 0; y = 3x - 9
35
2x +1
c th (C).
x +1
1. Kho st v v th hm s.
2. Tnh din tch hnh phng gii hn bi trc tung, trc honh v th (C).
3. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca th (C), bit tip tuyn i qua im A(1; 3).
1
13
S: 2) S = 1 - ln 2
3) y = x +
4
3
Bai 5. (TN 2006kpb) Cho hm s y = x 3 - 6 x 2 + 9 x .
1. Kho st v v th (C) ca hm s .
2. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ti im un ca th (C).
3. Vi gi tr no ca tham s m, ng thng y = x + m2 m i qua trung im ca
on thng ni hai im cc i v cc tiu ca th (C).
S: 2) y = -3x + 8
3) m = 0, m = 1
Bai 6. (TN 2006pb) Cho hm s y = - x 3 + 3 x 2 .
1. Kho st v v th (C) ca hm s.
2) Da vo th (C), bin lun s nghim ca phng trnh: - x 3 + 3 x 2 - m = 0 .
3) Tnh din tch hnh phng gii hn bi th (C) v trc honh.
S: 2)
m < 0 hoc m > 4 m = 0 hoc m = 4
0<m<4
S nghim
1 nghim
2 nghim
3 nghim
27
3) S =
.
4
Trang 113
thi Tt nghip i hc
Trn S Tng
2
, gi th ca hm s l (H).
2x -1
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s.
2. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn vi th (H) ti im A(0; 3).
S: 2) y = 5 x + 3 .
Bai 7. (TN 2007kpb) Cho hm s y = x + 1 -
Bai 8. (TN 2007pb) Cho hm s y = x 4 - 2 x 2 + 1 , gi th ca hm s l (C).

2. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn vi th (C) ti im cc i ca (C).
S: 2) y = 1 .
Bai 9. (TN 2007kpbln 2) Cho hm s y = - x 3 + 3 x 2 - 2 , gi th ca hm s l (C).

2. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn vi th (C) ti im un ca (C).
S: 2) y = 3 x - 3 .
x -1
, gi th ca hm s l (C).
x +2
2. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn vi th (C) ti giao im ca (C) vi trc tung.
3
1
S: 2) y = x - .
4
2
Bai 10. (TN 2007pbln 2) Cho hm s y =
Bai 11. (TN 2008kpb) Cho hm s y = x 4 - 2 x 2 .

2. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn vi th hm s ti im c honh x = -2 .
S: 2) y = -24 x - 40 .
Bai 12. (TN 2008pb) Cho hm s y = 2 x 3 + 3 x 2 - 1 .

2. Bin lun theo m s nghim thc ca phng trnh: 2 x 3 + 3 x 2 - 1 = m .
S: 2)
m < 1 hoc m > 0 m = 1 hoc m = 0
1 < m < 0
S nghim
1 nghim
2 nghim
3 nghim
Bai 13. (TN 2008kpbln 2) Cho hm s y = x 3 - 3 x 2 .

2. Tm cc gi tr ca tham s m phng trnh x 3 - 3 x 2 - m = 0 c ba nghim phn
bit.
S: 2) -4 < m < 0 .
3x - 2
Bai 14. (TN 2008pbln 2) Cho hm s y =
, gi th ca hm s l (C).
x +1
2. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca th (C) ti im c tung bng 2.
S: 2) y = 5 x - 2 .
2x +1
.
x -2
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s cho.
2. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca th (C), bit h s gc ca tip tuyn bng 5.
S: 2) y = -5 x + 2, y = -5 x + 22 .
1 3 3 2
x - x +5.
4
2
Trang 114
Trn S Tng
thi Tt nghip i hc
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s cho.

2. Tm cc gi tr ca tham s m phng trnh x 3 - 6 x 2 + m = 0 c 3 nghim thc phn
bit.
S: 2) 0 < m < 32 .
Bai 17. (TN 2011) Cho hm s
1.
2.
S:
Trang 115
thi Tt nghip i hc
Trn S Tng
THI I HC
Bai 1. (H 2002A) Cho hm s y = - x 3 + 3mx 2 + 3(1 - m 2 ) x + m3 - m 2 (1) (m l tham s).
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th hm s (1) khi m = 1.

2. Tm k phng trnh - x 3 + 3 x 2 + k 3 - 3k 2 = 0 c ba nghim phn bit.
3. Vit phng trnh ng thng i qua hai im cc tr ca th hm s (1)
-1 < k < 3
S: 2)
3) y = 2 x m 2 + m .
k 0 , k 2
Bai 2. (H 2002B) Cho hm s y = mx 4 + (m 2 - 9) x 2 + 10 (1) (m l tham s).
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s (1) khi m = 1.

2. Tm m hm s (1) c ba im cc tr.
m < -3
S: 2)
0 < m < 3
(2m - 1) x - m 2
(1) (m l tham s).
x -1
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s (1) ng vi m = -1.
2. Tnh din tch hnh phng gii hn bi ng cong (C) v hai trc ta .
3. Tm m th ca hm s (1) tip xc vi ng thng y = x.
4
S: 2) = 1 + 4 ln
3) m 1.
3
x 2 + mx
(1) (m l tham s).
Bai 4. (H 2002Adb1) Cho hm s y =
1- x
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s (1) ng vi m = 0.
2. Tm m hm s (1) c cc i v cc tiu. Vi gi tr no ca m th khong cch gia
hai im cc tr ca th hm s (1) bng 10.
S:
Bai 3. (H 2002D) Cho hm s y =
Bai 5. (H 2002Adb2) Cho hm s y = ( x - m)3 - 3 x (m l tham s).
1. Xc nh m hm s cho t cc tiu ti im c honh x = 0 .

2. Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s cho ng vi m = 1.
3. Tm k h bt phng trnh sau c nghim:
x - 1 3 - 3x - k < 0
1
2 1
3
log2 x + log 2 ( x - 1) 1
2
3
S:
1
1
Bai 6. (H 2002Bdb1) Cho hm s y = x 3 + mx 2 - 2 x - 2 m - (1) (m l tham s).
3
3
1
1. Cho m = .
2
a) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s (1).
b) Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca th (C), bit rng tip tuyn song song vi
ng thng d : y = 4 x + 2 .
5
2. Tm m thuc khong 0; sao cho hnh phng gii hn bi th hm s (1) v cc
6
ng thng x = 0, x = 2, y = 0 c din tch bng 4.
S:
Trang 116
Trn S Tng
thi Tt nghip i hc
x2 - 2 x + m
(1) (m l tham s).
x -2
1. Xc nh m hm s (1) nghch bin trn khong (1; 0).
2. Kho st v v th ca hm s (1) khi m = 0.
Bai 7. (H 2002Bdb2) Cho hm s y =
3. Tm a phng trnh sau c nghim: 91+ 1- x - (a + 2)31+ 1- x + 2a + 1 = 0

.
S:
1
Bai 8. (H 2002Ddb1) Cho hm s y = x 3 - 2 x 2 + 3 x (1).
3
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s (1).
2. Tnh din tch hnh phng gii hn bi th hm s (1) v trc honh.
S:
Bai 9. (H 2002Ddb2) Cho hm s y = x 4 - mx 2 + m - 1 (1) (m l tham s).

2. Xc nh m sao cho th ca hm s (1) ct trc honh ti bn im phn bit.
S:
mx 2 + x + m
(1) (m l tham s).
x -1
2. Tm m th hm s (1) ct trc honh ti hai im phn bit v hai im c
honh dng.
1
S: 2) - < m < 0 .
2
Bai 10. (H 2003A) Cho hm s y =
Bai 11. (H 2003B) Cho hm s y = x 3 - 3 x 2 + m (1) (m l tham s).
1. Tm m th hm s (1) c hai im phn bit i xng vi nhau qua gc ta .

S: 1) m > 0.
x2 - 2x + 4
(1)
x -2
2. Tm m ng thng dm : y = mx + 2 - 2 m ct th ca hm s (1) ti hai im
phn bit.
S: 2) m > 1.
x 2 + (2m + 1) x + m 2 + m + 4
(1) (m l tham s).
2( x + m)
1. Tm m th ca hm s (1) c cc tr v tnh khong cch gia hai im cc tr
ca th hm s (1).
S:
2 x2 - 4 x - 3
.
2( x - 1)
2. Tm m phng trnh: 2 x 2 - 4 x - 3 + 2m x - 1 = 0 c hai nghim phn bit.

S:
Bai 15. (H 2003Bdb1) Cho hm s y = ( x - 1)( x 2 + mx + m ) (1) (m l tham s).
1. Tm m th ca hm s (1) ct trc honh ti ba im phn bit.

Trang 117
thi Tt nghip i hc
Trn S Tng

S:
2x -1
(1).
x -1
2. Gi I l giao im ca hai ng tim cn ca (C). Tm im M thuc (C) sao cho tip
tuyn ca (C) ti M vung gc vi ng thng IM.
S:
x 2 + 5 x + m2 + 6
(1) (m l tham s).
x +3
2. Tm m hm s (1) ng bin trn khong (1; +).
S:
Bai 17. (H 2003Ddb1) Cho hm s y =
Bai 18. (H 2003Ddb2) Cho hm s y = 2 x 3 - 3 x 2 - 1 .

2. Gi dk l ng thng i qua im M(0; 1) v c h s gc bng k. Tm k ng
thng dk ct (C) ti ba im phn bit.
S:
- x2 + 3x - 3
(1)
2( x - 1)
2. Tm m ng thng y = m ct th hm s (1) ti hai im A, B sao cho AB = 1.
S: 2) m =
1 5
.
2
1 3
x - 2 x 2 + 3 x (1) c th (C).
3
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s (1)
2. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn D ca (C) ti im un v chng minh rng D l tip
tuyn ca (C) c h s gc nh nht.
8
S: 2) y = - x + .
3
Bai 20. (H 2004B) Cho hm s y =
Bai 21. (H 2004D) Cho hm s y = x 3 - 3mx 2 + 9 x + 1 (1) vi m l tham s.

2. Tm m im un ca th hm s (1) thuc ng thng y = x + 1.
S: 2) m = 0 hoc m = 2 .
Bai 22. (H 2004Adb1) Cho hm s y = x 4 - 2m 2 x 2 + 1 (1) vi m l tham s.

2. Tm m th hm s (1) c ba im cc tr l ba nh ca mt tam gic vung cn.
S:
1
Bai 23. (H 2004Adb2) Cho hm s y = x + (1) .
x
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s (1).
2. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca (C) i qua im M(1; 7).
S:
Bai 24. (H 2004Bdb1) Cho hm s y = x 3 - 2 mx 2 + m 2 x - 2 (1) (m l tham s).
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s (1) khi m = 1.

Trang 118
Trn S Tng
thi Tt nghip i hc
2. Tm m hm s (1) t cc tiu ti x = 1.
S:
x 2 - 2mx + 2
(1) (m l tham s).
x -1
2. Tm m th hm s (1) c hai im cc tr A, B. Chng minh rng khi ng
thng AB song song vi ng thng d : 2 x - y - 10 = 0 .
S:
x2 + x + 4
(1).
x +1
2. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca (C), bit tip tuyn vung gc vi ng thng
d : x - 3y + 3 = 0 .
S:
x
(1).
x +1
2. Tm trn (C) nhng im M sao cho khong cch t M n ng thng
d : 3 x + 4 y = 0 bng 1.
S:
1
Bai 28. (H 2005A) Gi (Cm) l th ca hm s y = mx + (*) (m l tham s).
x
1
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s (*) khi m = .
4
2. Tm m hm s (*) c cc tr v khong cch t im cc tiu ca (Cm) n tim cn
1
.
xin ca (Cm) bng
2
S: 2) m = 1.
x 2 + (m + 1) x + m + 1
Bai 29. (H 2005B) Gi (Cm) l th ca hm s y =
(*) (m l tham
x +1
s).
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s (*) khi m = 1 .
2. Chng minh rng vi m bt k, th (Cm) lun c im cc i, im cc tiu v
khong cch gia hai im bng
S:
20 .
1 3 m 2 1
x - x + (*) (m l tham s).
3
2
3
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s (*) khi m = 2 .
2. Gi M l im thuc (Cm) c honh bng 1. Tm m tip tuyn ca (Cm) ti im
M song song vi ng thng 5 x - y = 0 .
S: 2) m = 4.
Bai 30. (H 2005D) Gi (Cm) l th ca hm s y =
x 2 + 2 mx + 1 - 3m 2
(*) (m l tham s).
x-m
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s (*) ng vi m = 1.
2. Tm m hm s (*) c hai im cc tr nm v hai pha trc tung.
S: 2) -1 < m < 1
Bai 31. (H 2005Adb1) Cho hm s: y =
Trang 119
thi Tt nghip i hc
Trn S Tng
x2 + x + 1
.
x +1
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.
2. Vit phng trnh ng thng i qua im M (1; 0) v tip xc vi th (C) .
3
S: 2) y = ( x + 1)
4
Bai 33. (H 2005Bdb1) Cho hm s y = x 4 - 6 x 2 + 5 .
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th ( C ) ca hm s.

2. Tm m phng trnh sau c 4 nghim phn bit : x 4 - 6 x 2 - log2 m = 0 .
S: 2)
1
29
< m < 1.
x2 + 2 x + 2
(*)
x +1
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s (*) .
2. Gi I l giao im ca hai tim cn ca (C). Chng minh rng khng c tip tuyn no
ca (C) i qua im I.
S:
Bai 35. (H 2005Ddb1) Gi (Cm) l th ca hm s
y = x 3 + ( 2m + 1) x 2 m 1 (1)
(m l tham s).
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s (1) khi m = 1 .
2. Tm m th (Cm) tip xc vi ng thng y = 2 mx m 1 .
S: 2) m = 0 hay m =
1
2
x2 + 3x + 3
.
x +1
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s .
2. Tm m phng trnh
x2 + 3x + 3
= m c 4 nghim phn bit.
x +1
S: 2) m > 3.
Bai 37. (H 2006A) Cho hm s y = 2 x 3 - 9 x 2 + 12 x - 4 .
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s .

3
2. Tm m phng trnh sau c 6 nghim phn bit: 2 x - 9 x 2 + 12 x = m .

S: 2) 4 < m < 5.
x2 + x - 1
.
x+2
2. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca th (C), bit tip tuyn vung gc vi tim cn
xin ca (C).
Bai 38. (H 2006B) Cho hm s y =
S: 2) y = - x + 2 2 - 5 hoc y = - x - 2 2 - 5 .
Bai 39. (H 2006D) Cho hm s y = x 3 - 3 x + 2 .

2. Gi d l ng thng i qua im A(3; 20) v c h s gc m. Tm m ng thng d
ct th (C) ti 3 im phn bit.
Trang 120
Trn S Tng
thi Tt nghip i hc
15
S: 2) m > 4 .
m 24
x2 + 2 x + 5
.
x +1
2. Da vo th (C), tm m phng trnh sau c hai nghim dng phn bit:
x 2 + 2 x + 5 = (m 2 + 2 m + 5)( x + 1) .
-2 < m < 0
.
S: 2)
m -1
x4
- 2( x 2 - 1) .
4
2. Vit phng trnh cc ng thng i qua im A(0; 2) v tip xc vi (C).
S: 2) y = 2; y =
8 2
x +2.
3 3
x2 - x - 1
.
x +1
2. Vit phng trnh cc tip tuyn ca th (C) i qua im A(0; 5).
S: 2) y = -5; y = -8 x - 5 .
Bai 43. (H 2006Bdb2) Cho hm s y = x 3 + (1 - 2 m) x 2 + (2 - m ) x + m + 2 (1) (m l tham
s).
2. Tm cc gi tr ca m th ca hm s (1) c im cc i, im cc tiu, ng
thi honh ca im cc tiu nh hn 1.
5
7
S: 2) m < -1 hoc < m < .
4
5
x3
11
Bai 44. (H 2006Ddb1) Cho hm s y = + x2 + 3x - .
3
3
2. Tm trn th (C) hai im phn bit M, N i xng nhau qua trc tung.
16 16
16 16
S: 2) M 3; , N -3; hoc M -3; , N 3; .
3
3
3 3
x +3
.
x -1
2. Cho im M0 ( x 0 ; y0 ) thuc th (C). Tip tuyn ca (C) ti M0 ct cc tim cn ca
(C) ti cc im A, B. Chng minh M0 l trung im ca on thng AB.
S:
x 2 + 2(m + 1) x + m 2 + 4m
(1), (m l tham s).
x+2
2. Tm m hm s (1) c cc i, cc tiu, ng thi cc im cc tr ca th cng
vi gc to O to thnh mt tam gic vung ti O.
S: 2) m = -4 2 6 .
Trang 121
thi Tt nghip i hc
Trn S Tng
Bai 47. (H 2007B) Cho hm s y = - x 3 + 3 x 2 + 3(m 2 - 1) x - 3m2 - 1 (1), m l tham s.

2. Tm m hm s (1) c cc i, cc tiu v cc im cc tr ca th hm s (1)
cch u gc to O.
1
S: 2) m = .
2
2x
.
x +1
2. Tm to dim M thuc (C), bit tip tuyn ca (C) ti M ct hai trc Ox, Oy ti A, B
1
v tam gic OAB c din tch bng .
4
1
S: 2) M - ; -2 , M (1;1) .
2
- x2 + 4 x + 3
.
x -2
2. Chng minh rng tch cc khong cch t mt im bt k trn th hm s n cc
ng tim cn ca n l hng s.
7
S: 2) d1d2 =
.
2
m
Bai 50. (H 2007Adb2) Cho hm s y = x + m +
(Cm) .
x -2
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s vi m = 1.
2. Tm m th (Cm) c cc tr ti cc im A, B sao cho ng thng AB i qua gc
ta O.
S: 2) m = 2.
Bai 51. (H 2007Bdb1) Cho hm s y = 2x3 + 6x2 5.
2. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca (C), bit tip tuyn i qua A(1, 13).
S: 2) y = 6 x - 7; y = -48 x - 61 .
m
(Cm).
2- x
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s khi m = 1.
2. Tm m th (Cm) c cc i ti im A sao cho tip tuyn vi (Cm) ti A ct trc
Oy ti B m DOBA vung cn.
S: 2) m = 1.
-x +1
(C).
2x +1
2. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn vi (C), bit rng tip tuyn i qua giao im ca
ng tim cn v trc Ox.
1
1
S: 2) y = - x + .
12
2
Bai 52. (H 2007Bdb2) Cho hm s y = - x + 1 +
x
(C).
x -1
Trang 122
Trn S Tng
thi Tt nghip i hc
2. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn d ca (C) sao cho d v hai tim cn ca (C) ct nhau to
thnh mt tam gic cn.
S: 2) y = - x; y = - x + 4 .
mx 2 + (3m 2 - 2) x - 2
(1), m l tham s.
x + 3m
2. Tm cc gi tr ca m gc gia hai ng tim cn ca th hm s (1) bng 450 .

S: 2) m = 1 .
Bai 56. (H 2008B) Cho hm s y = 4 x 3 - 6 x 2 + 1 (1)

2. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca th hm s (1), bit tip tuyn i qua M(1; 9).
15
21
S: 2) y = 24 x + 15; y = x - .
4
4
Bai 57. (H 2008D) Cho hm s y = x 3 - 3 x 2 + 4 (1).

2. Chng minh rng mi ng thng i qua im I(1; 2) vi h s gc k (k > 3) u ct
th ca hm s (1) ti ba im phn bit I, A, B ng thi I l trung im ca on
thng AB.
S:
x 2 + 2 mx + 1 - 3m 2
(*) (m l
Bai 58. (H 2008Adb1) Gi (Cm) l th ca hm s y =
x-m
tham s).
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s (*) ng vi m = 1.
2. Tm m hm s (*) c hai im cc tr nm v hai pha trc tung.
S: 2) -1 < m < 1 .
x2 + x + 1
.
x +1
2. Vit phng trnh ng thng i qua im M (1; 0) v tip xc vi th (C) .
3
S: 2) y = ( x + 1) .
4
Bai 60. (H 2008Bdb1) Cho hm s y = x 4 - 6 x 2 + 5 .

2. Tm m phng trnh sau c 4 nghim phn bit: x 4 - 6 x 2 - log2 m = 0 .
S: 2)
1
29
< m < 1.
x2 + 2 x + 2
(*) .
x +1
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s (*).
2. Gi I l giao im ca hai tim cn ca (C). Chng minh rng khng c tip tuyn no
ca (C) i qua im I.
S:
Bai 62. (H 2008Ddb1) Gi (Cm) l th ca hm s
y = x 3 + (2m + 1) x 2 m 1 (1)
(m l tham s).
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s (1) khi m = 1 .
2) Tm m th (Cm) tip xc vi ng thng y = 2 mx m 1 .
Trang 123
thi Tt nghip i hc
S: 2) m = 0 hay m =
Trn S Tng
1
.
2
x2 + 3x + 3
.
x +1
2. Tm m phng trnh
x2 + 3x + 3
= m c 4 nghim phn bit.
x +1
S: 2) m > 3.
x
.
x -1
2. Tm m ng thng d : y = - x + m ct th (C) ti hai im phn bit.
S: 2) m < 0 hoc m > 4.
x+2
(1).
2x + 3
2. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca th hm s (1), bit tip tuyn ct trc honh,
trc tung ln lt ti hai im phn bit A, B v tam gic OAB cn ti gc to O.
S: 2) y = - x - 2 .
Bai 64. (C 2008) Cho hm s y =
Bai 66. (H 2009B) Cho hm s y = 2 x 4 - 4 x 2 (1).

2. Vi cc gi tr no ca m, phng trnh x 2 x 2 - 2 = m c ng 6 nghim phn bit?
S: 2) 0 < m < 1.
Bai 67. (H 2009D) Cho hm s y = x 4 - (3m + 2) x 2 + 3m c th (Cm), m l tham s.
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s cho khi m = 0.

2. Tm m ng thng y = -1 ct th (Cm) ti 4 im phn bit c honh nh
hn 2.
1
S: 2) - < m < 1, m 0 .
3
Bai 68. (C 2009) Cho hm s y = x 3 - (2 m - 1) x 2 + (2 - m ) x + 2 (1), vi m l tham s.

2. Tm cc gi tr ca m hm s (1) c cc i, cc tiu v cc im cc tr ca th
hm s (1) c honh dng.
5
S: 2) < m < 2 .
4
Bai 69. (H 2010A) Cho hm s y = x 3 - 2 x 2 + (1 - m ) x + m + 1 (1), m l tham s thc.
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s khi m = 1.

2. Tm m th ca hm s (1) ct trc honh ti 3 im phn bit c honh
x1 , x2 , x3 tho mn iu kin: x12 + x22 + x32 < 4 .
S: 2) -
1
< m < 1 v m 0 .
4
2x +1
.
x +1
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s (C) ca hm s cho.
Bai 70. (H 2010B) Cho hm s
y=
Trang 124
Trn S Tng
thi Tt nghip i hc
2. Tm m ng thng y = -2 x + m ct th (C) ti hai im phn bit A, B sao cho

tam gic OAB c din tch bng
S: 2) m = 2 .
3 (O l gc to ).
y = - x 4 - x2 + 6 .
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s (C) ca hm s cho.
2. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca th (C), bit tip tuyn vung gc vi ng thng
1
y = x -1.
6
S: 2) y = -6 x + 10 .
Bai 72. (C 2010)
Bai 71. (H 2010D) Cho hm s
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s y = x 3 + 3 x 2 1 .

2. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca th (C) ti im c honh bng 1.
S: 2) y = -3 x - 2 .
Bai 73. (H 2011A) Cho hm s
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s
2.
S: 2) .
Trang 125
thi Tt nghip i hc
Trn S Tng
II. HM S LU THA M LOGARIT

THI TT NGHIP
Bai 1. (TN 2006pb) Gii phng trnh:
22 x + 2 - 9.2 x + 2 = 0 .
Bai 2. (TN 2007pbln 1) Gii phng trnh:
log 4 x + log2 (4 x ) = 5 .
S: x = 1; x = -2 .
S: x = 4 .
7 x + 2.71- x - 9 = 0 .
S: x = log7 2; x = 1 .
32 x +1 - 9.3 x + 6 = 0 .
S: x = 0; x = log3 2 .
S: x = 3 .
log3 ( x + 2) + log3 ( x - 2) = log3 5 .
Bai 6. (TN 2009) Gii phng trnh:
25 x - 6.5 x + 5 = 0 .
Bai 7. (TN 2010) Gii phng trnh:
2 log22 x - 14 log 4 x + 3 = 0 .
S: x = 0; x = 1 .
S: x = 8; x = 2 .
Bai 8. (TN 2011)
S:
Trang 126
Trn S Tng
thi Tt nghip i hc
THI I HC
Bai 1. (H 2002A) Cho phng trnh log32 x + log23 x + 1 - 2 m - 1 = 0 (*) (m l tham s).
1. Gii phng trnh (*) khi m = 2.

2. Tm m phng trnh (*) c t nht mt nghim thuc on [1; 3
S:
1) x = 3
].
2) 0 m 2.
Bai 2. (H 2002B) Giai bat phng trnh: log x (log3 (9 x - 72)) 1.
S:
log 9 73 < x 2.
Bai 3. (H 2002D) Giai he phng trnh:
S:
23 x = 5 y 2 - 4 y
x
.
4 + 2 x +1
=y
x
2 +2
x = 0 x = 2
y
=1
y = 4
16 log27 x 2 x - 3log3 x x 2 = 0 .
Bai 4. (H 2002Adb1) Giai phng trnh:
S:
x - 4 y + 3 = 0
.
log 4 x - log 2 y = 0
Bai 5. (H 2002Bdb1) Giai he phng trnh:
S:
Bai 6. (H 2002Bdb2) Giai phng trnh:
1
log
2
1
( x + 3) + log 4 ( x - 1)8 = log2 (4 x ) .
4
S:
log ( x 3 + 2 x 2 - 3 x - 5y ) = 3
x
Bai 7. (H 2002Ddb1) Giai he phng trnh:
.
3
2
log
y ( y + 2 y - 3 y - 5 x ) = 3
S:
Bai 8. (H 2002Ddb2) Giai bt phng trnh: log 1 (4 x + 4) log 1 (22 x +1 - 3.2 x ) .
2
S:
2
2
Bai 9. (H 2003D) Gii phng trnh: 2 x - x - 22 + x - x = 3.
S:
x = -1; x = 2
Bai 10. (H 2003Adb1) Giai bt phng trnh:
15.2 x +1 + 1 2 x - 1 + 2 x +1
S:
log
xy = log x y
Bai 11. (H 2003Adb2) Giai he phng trnh: y

2 x + 2 y = 3
S:
Bai 12. (H 2003Bdb1) Tm m phng trnh 4 log 2
- log 1 x + m = 0 c nghim
2
thuc khong (0; 1).

S:
Bai 13. (H 2003Bdb2) Giai bt phng trnh: log 1 x + 2 log 1 ( x - 1) + log2 6 0 .
2
S:
Trang 127
thi Tt nghip i hc
Trn S Tng
Bai 14. (H 2003Ddb1) Cho hm s f ( x ) = x log x 2 ( x > 0, x 1) . Tnh f ( x ) v gii bt
phng trnh f ( x ) 0 .
S:
log 5 (5 x - 4) = 1 - x .
Bai 15. (H 2003Ddb2) Gii phng trnh:
S:
1
log 1 ( y - x ) - log 4 y = 1
Bai 16. (H 2004A) Gii h phng trnh:
.
4
2
2
x + y = 25
S:
(x; y) = (3; 4)
Bai 17. (H 2004Adb1) Gii bt phng trnh: log p log2 x + 2x 2 - x < 0 .
S:
Bai 18. (H 2004Adb2) Gii bt phng trnh:
1
log2 x
2. x 2
3
log2 x
2
2
S:
Bai 19. (H 2004Bdb1) Gii bt phng trnh:
2 x -1 + 6 x - 11
>4.
x -2
S:
Bai 20. (H 2004Bdb2) Gii bt phng trnh: log3 x > log x 3 .
S:
x 2 + y = y 2 + x
.
Bai 21. (H 2004Ddb1) Gii h phng trnh: x + y
- 2 x -1 = x - y
2
S:
x - 1 + 2 - y = 1
Bai 22. (H 2005B) Gii h phng trnh:
.
2
3
3log
(9
x
)
log
y
=
3
9
3
S:
(1; 1), (2; 2).
1
x 2x
Bai 23. (H 2005Ddb2) Gii bt phng trnh: 9 - - 2
3
2
S:
2 x -x2
3.
1- 2 x 1+ 2 .
Bai 24. (H 2006A) Gii phng trnh: 3.8x + 4.12 x - 18 x - 2.27 x = 0 .
S:
x = 1.
x
x -2
+ 1)
Bai 25. (H 2006B) Gii bt phng trnh: log 5 (4 + 144) - 4 log5 2 < 1 + log5 (2
S:
2 < x < 4.
2
2
Bai 26. (H 2006D) Gii phng trnh: 2 x + x - 4.2 x - x - 2 2 x + 4 = 0 .
S:
x = 0, x = 1.
Bai 27. (H 2006Adb1) Gii bt phng trnh: log x +1 (-2 x ) > 2 .
S:
-2 + 3 < x < 0 .
Bai 28. (H 2006Adb2) Gii phng trnh: log x 2 + 2 log2 x 4 = log
S:
2x
8.
x = 2.
Bai 29. (H 2006Bdb1) Gii phng trnh: log
Trang 128
x + 1 - log 1 (3 - x ) - log8 ( x - 1)3 = 0 .

2
Trn S Tng
S:
thi Tt nghip i hc
x=
1 17
.
2
2
2
Bai 30. (H 2006Bdb2) Gii phng trnh: 9 x + x -1 - 10.3 x + x - 2 + 1 = 0 .
S:
x = 1, x = 1, x = 2.
1) 4 x - 2 x +1 + 2(2 x - 1)sin(2 x + y - 1) + 2 = 0 .
2) log3 (3 x - 1) log3 (3 x +1 - 3) = 6 .
S:
1) x = 1, y = -
Bai 32. (H 2006Ddb2)
p
- 1 + k 2p
2
2) x = log3 10, x = log3
28
.
27
ln(1 + x ) - ln(1 + y ) = x - y
1. Gii h phng trnh: 2
.
2
x - 12xy + 20 y = 0
1
2. Gii phng trnh: 2 ( log2 x + 1) log 4 x + log2 = 0 .
4
1
.
4
Bai 33. (H 2007A) Gii bt phng trnh: 2 log3 (4 x - 3) + log 1 (2 x + 3) 2 .
S:
2) x = 2, x =
1) x = y = 0
S:
3
< x 3.
4
Bai 34. (H 2007B) Gii phng trnh:
S:
2 - 1) + ( 2 + 1) - 2 2 = 0 .
x = 1, x = 1.
Bai 35. (H 2007D) Gii phng trnh: log 2 (4 x + 15.2 x + 27) + 2 log 2
S:
x = log2 3 .
Bai 36. (H 2007Adb1) Gii bt phng trnh:
S:
0<x
x=
4.2 x - 3
( log x 8 + log4 x 2 ) log2
= 0.
2x 0 .
x > 1.
Bai 37. (H 2007Adb2) Gii phng trnh: log 4 ( x - 1) +

log
S:
1
2 x +1 4
1
+ log2 x + 2 .
2
5
.
2
Bai 38. (H 2007Bdb1) Gii phng trnh: log3 ( x - 1)2 + log (2 x - 1) = 2 .

3
S:
x = 2.
Bai 39. (H 2007Bdb2) Gii phng trnh:
S:
4
( 2 - log3 x ) log9 x 3 - 1 - log
3x
=1.
1
x = , x = 81 .
3
Bai 40. (H 2007Ddb1) Gii bt phng trnh:
1
1
log 1 2 x 2 - 3 x + 1 + log2 ( x - 1)2 .
2
2
2
Trang 129
thi Tt nghip i hc
S:
Trn S Tng
1
1
x< .
3
2
S:
x = 1, x = 1.
log 2 x -1 (2 x 2 + x - 1) + log x +1(2 x - 1)2 = 4 .
Bai 42. (H 2008A) Gii phng trnh:
S:
x = 2, x =
5
.
4
x2 + x
log 0,7 log6
<0.
x+4
Bai 43. (H 2008B) Gii bt phng trnh:
S:
S = (-4; -3) (8; +) .
S = 2 - 2;1) ( 2;2 + 2 .
Bai 45. (H 2008Ddb2) Gii bt phng trnh:
S:
-2 x
1
- 2
3
2 x -x2
log 22 ( x + 1) - 6 log2 x + 1 + 2 = 0 .
x = 1, x = 3.
log ( x 2 + y 2 ) = 1 + log ( xy )
2
.
x 2 -2xy + y2
= 81
3
Bai 47. (H 2009A) Gii h phng trnh:
S:
9x
1- 2 x 1+ 2 .
Bai 46. (C 2008) Gii phng trnh:
S:
x2 - 3x + 2
0
x
log 1
Bai 44. (H 2008D) Gii bt phng trnh:
S:
23 x +1 - 7.2 2 x + 7.2 x - 2 = 0 .
(2; 2), (2; 2).

log2 (3 y - 1) = x
( x , y R) .
x
x
2
4 + 2 = 3 y
Bai 48. (H 2010B) Gii h phng trnh:
1
x = -1; y = .
2
Bai 49. (H 2010D)
S:
1. Gii phng trnh:

2. Gii h phng trnh:
S: 1) x = 1; x = 2
Bai 50. (H 2011A)
1.
S:
42 x +
x +2
+ 2 x = 42 +
x +2
+ 2x
+ 4 x -4
( x R) .
x 2 - 4 x + y + 2 = 0
2 log ( x - 2) - log y = 0 ( x , y R) .
2
2
2) ( x = 3; y = 1) .
Trang 130
Trn S Tng
thi Tt nghip i hc
III. NGUYN HM TCH PHN

THI TT NGHIP
Bai 1. (TN 2002) Tnh din tch hnh phng gii hn bi cc ng y 2 = 2 x + 1 v y = x 1 .
S:
S=
Bai 2. (TN 2003)
16
.
3
x 3 + 3x 2 + 3x - 1
1
bit rng F(1) = .
2
3
x + 2x + 1
2
2 x - 10 x - 12
2. Tm din tch hnh phng gii hn bi th ca hm s y =
v ng
x+2
thng y = 0.
1. Tm nguyn hm F(x) ca hm s f ( x ) =
S:
x2
2
13
1) F ( x ) =
+x+
2
x +1 6
2) S = 63 - 16 ln 8 .
p
2
I = ( x + sin 2 x ) cos xdx .
Bai 3. (TN 2005) Tnh tch phn:
p 2
- .
2 3
Bai 4. (TN 2006kpb)
S:
I=
1. Tnh din tch hnh phng gii hn bi th cc hm s y = e x , y = 2 v ng thng

x = 1.
2. Tnh tch phn:
p
2
sin 2 x
4 - cos2 x dx .
I=
S:
2) I = ln
1) S = e - 2 ln 2 - 4
Bai 5. (TN 2006pb)

ln 5
1. Tnh tch phn:
I=
(e x + 1)e x
ln 2
e -1
4
.
3
dx .
2. Tnh tch phn:
J = (2 x + 1)e x dx .
0
S:
1) I =
26
3
2) J = e + 1.
e
Bai 6. (TN 2007kpb) Tnh tch phn:
J=
ln 2 x
x dx .
1
1
.
3
Bai 7. (TN 2007pb)
S:
I=
1. Tnh tch phn:
2x
x2 + 1
dx .
Trang 131
thi Tt nghip i hc
Trn S Tng
3
2 x ln xdx .
2. Tnh tch phn:
S:
1) J = 2 ( 5 - 2 )
2) K = 9 ln 3 - 4 .
1
Bai 8. (TN 2007kpbln 2) Tnh tch phn:
I=
3x2
dx .
x3 + 1
S:
I = ln2.
Bai 9. (TN 2007pbln 2)
1. Cho hnh phng (H) gii hn bi cc ng y = sin x , y = 0, x = 0, x =
tch ca khi trn xoay c to thnh khi quay hnh (H) quanh trc honh.
2. Tnh din tch hnh phng gii hn bi cc ng y = - x 2 + 6 x , y = 0 .
S:
p2
4
1) V =
2) S = 36.
Bai 10. (TN 2008kpb) Tnh tch phn:
I = (1 + e x ) xdx .
0
3
.
2
Bai 11. (TN 2008pb)
S:
I=
1. Tnh tch phn:
2. Tnh tch phn:
I=
J=
(1 - x 3 )4 dx .
-1
p
2
(2 x - 1) cos xdx .
0
S:
1) I =
32
5
2) J = p - 3 .
1
Bai 12. (TN 2008kpbln 2) Tnh tch phn:
I=
3 x + 1dx .
14
.
9
Bai 13. (TN 2008pbln 2)
S:
I=
1. Tnh tch phn:
I = (4 x + 1)e x dx .
0
2
2. Tnh tch phn:
J = (6 x 2 - 4 x + 1)dx .
1
S:
1) I = e + 3
2) J = 9.
p
I=
x(1 + cos x )dx .

0
S:
I=
p -4
.
2
Trang 132
p
. Tnh th
2
Trn S Tng
thi Tt nghip i hc
1
I = x 2 ( x - 1)2 dx .
0
1
.
30
S:
S:
I=
Trang 133
thi Tt nghip i hc
Trn S Tng
THI I HC
Bai 1. (H 2002A) Tnh din tch hnh phng gii hn bi cc ng:
y = x 2 - 4 x + 3 , y = x + 3.
109
.
6
Bai 2. (H 2002B) Tnh din tch ca hnh phng gii hn bi cc ng:
S:
S=
y = 4S:
S = 2p +
x2
x2
v y =
.
4
4 2
4
.
3
Bai 3. (H 2002Adb1) Tnh tch phn:
I=
p
2
1 - cos3 x .sin x .cos5 xdx .
S:
I=
x (e
2x
+ 3 x + 1 )dx .
-1
S:
Bai 5. (H 2002Bdb2) Tnh tch phn:
ln 3
I=
ex
(e + 1)
dx .
.
S:
Bai 6. (H 2002Ddb2) Tnh tch phn:
I=
x3
dx .
2
x
+
1
0
S:
Bai 7. (H 2003A) Tnh tch phn:
I =
2 3
x x2 + 4
S:
I=
I=
1 5
ln .
4 3
Bai 8. (H 2003B) Tnh tch phn:
S:
dx
I =
p
4
1 - 2 sin 2 x
1 + sin 2 x dx.
0
1
ln 2 .
2
Bai 9. (H 2003D) Tnh tch phn:
I =
- x dx .
S:
I = 1.
I = x 3 1- x 2 dx .
0
S:
Trang 134
Trn S Tng
thi Tt nghip i hc
I=
p
4
1 + cos 2 x dx .
0
S:
ln 5
I=
e2 x
e -1
ln 2
dx .
S:
Bai 13. (H 2003Bdb2) Cho hm s f ( x ) =
f (0) = -22 v
a
3
( x + 1)
+ bxe x . Tm a, b bit rng:
f ( x )dx = 5 .
0
S:
I = x 3e x dx .
0
S:
I=
x2 +1
x dx .
1
S:
S:
I=
I =
1 1 + x -1
11
- 4 ln 2 .
3
1 + 3ln x ln x
dx .
x
I =
1
S:
I=
116
.
135
S:
dx.
I = ln( x 2 - x )dx.
2
I = 3ln 3 - 2 .
x4 - x +1
I=
dx .
2
0 x +4
S:
I=
1
x + x3
dx .
S:
I=
p
2
cos x
S:
Trang 135
sin 2 xdx .
thi Tt nghip i hc
Trn S Tng
p2
I=
x sin xdx .
S:
ln 8
I=
e2 x e x + 1dx .
ln 3
S:
I=
p
2
sin 2 x + sin x
1 + 3 cos x
S:
I=
34
.
27
S:
dx .
I=
p
2
I = 2 ln 2 - 1 .
I=
p
2
sin 2 x .cos x
dx .
1 + cos x
(e
sin x
+ cos x ) cos xdx .
S:
I = e+
p
-1.
4
I=
p
3
sin
x.tan xdx .
S:
3
I = ln 2 - .
8
I=
S:
I=
x+2
x +1
dx .
231
.
10
I = x 2 ln xdx .
0
S:
I=
2 3 1
e + .
9
9
I=
p
4
(tan x + e
sin x
cos x )dx .
S:
I = ln 2 + e
-1 .
S:
I=
I=
76
.
15
Trang 136
e3
ln 2 x
x ln x + 1
dx .
Trn S Tng
thi Tt nghip i hc
I=
p
2
(2 x - 1) cos
xdx .
0
2
S:
I=
p
p 1
- - .
8 4 2
I=
p
2
S:
I=
cos x + 4sin x
dx .
2
.
3
S:
sin 2 x
ln 5
I=
ln3 e
dx .
+ 2e - x - 3
3
I = ln .
2
I = ( x - 2)e2 x dx .
0
S:
I=
5 - 3e
.
4
S:
I=
2 2x +1+ 4x +1
dx .
3 1
I = ln - .
2 12
Bai 37. (H 2006Adb2) Tnh din tch hnh phng gii hn bi parabol (P): y = x 2 - x + 3
v ng thng d: y = 2 x + 1 .
S:
S=
1
.
6
S:
I=
I=
I = 2 ln 2 + 1 .
S:
10
I=
1
x - 2 x -1
dx .
3 - 2 ln x
x 1 + 2 ln x
dx .
10 2 - 11
.
3
I=
p
2
( x + 1)sin 2 xdx .
0
S:
I=
p
+ 1.
4
I = ( x - 2) ln xdx .
1
Trang 137
thi Tt nghip i hc
Trn S Tng
5
- ln 4 .
4
Bai 42. (H 2007A) Tnh din tch hnh phng gii hn bi cc ng:
S:
I=
y = (e + 1) x , y = (1 + e x ) x .
e
-1.
2
Bai 43. (H 2007B) Cho hnh phng (H) gii hn bi cc ng: y = x ln x , y = 0, x = e . Tnh
th tch ca khi trn xoay to thnh khi quay hnh (H) quanh trc Ox.
S:
S=
S:
p (5e3 - 2)
.
V=
27
I = x 3 ln 2 xdx .
1
S:
I=
5e - 1
.
32
4
S:
I=
I = 2 + ln 2 .
2x +1
0 1+
2x +1
dx .
Bai 46. (H 2007Adb2) Cho hnh phng (H) gii hn bi cc ng: 4 y = x 2 , y = x . Tnh
th tch vt th trn xoay to thnh khi quay hnh (H) quanh trc Ox.
128
S:
V=
.
15
Bai 47. (H 2007Bdb1) Tnh din tch hnh phng gii hn bi cc ng:
x(1 - x )
y = 0, y =
.
x2 + 1
p
1
S:
S = - 1 + ln 2 .
4
2
Bai 48. (H 2007Bdb2) Tnh din tch hnh phng gii hn bi cc ng:
y = x2 , y = 2 - x2 .
S:
S=
p 1
+ .
2 3
I=
S:
x ( x - 1)
x2 - 4
dx .
3
I = 1 + ln 2 - ln 3 .
2
I=
p
2
cos xdx .
0
2
S:
I=
p
-2 .
4
I=
p
6
tan 4 x
dx .
cos 2 x
Trang 138
Trn S Tng
S:
thi Tt nghip i hc
I=
1 (
10
ln 2 + 3 ) 2
9 3
I=
p
sin x -
4
dx .
sin 2 x + 2(1 + sin x + cos x )
p
4
S:
I=
4 -3 2
.
4
I=
ln x
S:
I=
x3
dx .
3 - 2 ln 2
.
16
Bai 54. (H 2008Adb1) Tnh tch phn
p
3
I = sin 2 x. tan xdx .

0
S:
3
I = ln 2 - .
8
Bai 55. (H 2008Adb2) Tnh tch phn
I =
S:
I=
x+2
3
x +1
dx .
231
.
10
Bai 56. (H 2008Bdb1) Tnh tch phn
I = x 2 ln xdx .
0
S:
I=
2 3 1
e + .
9
9
Bai 57. (H 2008Bdb2) Tnh tch phn
I=
p
4
(tgx + e
sin x
cos x )dx .
0
1
S:
I = ln 2 + e
-1 .
Bai 58. (H 2008Ddb1) Tnh tch phn
S:
I=
I=
e3
ln 2 x
x ln x + 1
dx .
76
.
15
Bai 59. (H 2008Ddb2) Tnh tch phn
p
2
I = ( 2 x - 1) cos2 xdx .
0
S:
I=
p
p 1
- - .
8 4 2
Bai 60. (C 2008) Tnh din tch hnh phng gii hn bi parabol (P): y = - x 2 + 4 x v
ng thng d: y = x .
Trang 139
thi Tt nghip i hc
S:
S=
Trn S Tng
9
.
2
Bai 61. (H 2009A) Tnh tch phn
I=
p
2
(cos
x - 1)dx .
S:
I=
8 p
- .
15 4
Bai 62. (H 2009B) Tnh tch phn
S:
I=
3 + ln x
2
1 ( x + 1)
dx .
1
27
3 + ln .
4
16
Bai 63. (H 2009D) Tnh tch phn
S:
I=
I=
1e
dx .
-1
I = ln(e2 + e + 1) - 2 .
Bai 64. (C 2009) Tnh tch phn
I=
(e
-2 x
+ x ) e x dx .
S:
1
I = 2- .
e
I=
x 2 + e x + 2 x 2e x
1 + 2e x
S:
I=
1 1 1 + 2e
+ ln
.
3 2
3
Bai 66. (H 2010B) Tnh tch phn
I=
S:
ln x
x ( 2 + ln x )
dx .
1
3
I = - + ln .
3
2
Bai 67. (H 2010D) Tnh tch phn
S:
dx .
I=
3
I = 2 x - ln xdx .
x
e2
-1.
2
1
2x -1
dx .
x
+
1
0
Bai 68. (C 2010) Tnh tch phn
I=
S:
I = 2 3ln 2 .
S:
I=.
I=.
Trang 140
Trn S Tng
thi Tt nghip i hc
IV. S PHC
THI TT NGHIP
2 x2 - 5x + 4 = 0 .
Bai 1. (TN 2006pb) Gii phng trnh sau trn tp s phc:
S:
x1 =
5
7
5
7
+i
; x2 = - i
.
4
4
4
4
x2 - 4x + 7 = 0 .
Bai 2. (TN 2007pb) Gii phng trnh sau trn tp s phc:
S:
x1 = 2 - i 3; x2 = 2 + i 3 .
Bai 3. (TN 2007pbln 2) Gii phng trnh sau trn tp s phc:
S:
x1 = 3 - 4i; x2 = 3 + 4i .
Bai 4. (TN 2008pb) Tm gi tr ca biu thc:
S:
P = (1 + i 3 ) + (1 - i 3 ) .
P = 4.
Bai 5. (TN 2008pbln 2) Gii phng trnh sau trn tp s phc:
S:
x 2 - 6 x + 25 = 0 .
x2 - 2 x + 2 = 0 .
x1 = 1 + i; x1 = 1 - i .
Bai 6. (TN 2009) Gii cc phng trnh sau trn tp s phc:
1. 8z2 - 4 z + 1 = 0
2. 2 z2 - iz + 1 = 0
1 1
1 1
1
S:
1) z1 = + i; z2 = - i 2) z1 = i; z2 = - i .
4 4
4 4
2
Bai 7. (TN 2010)
1. Cho hai s phc z1 = 1 + 2i v z2 = 2 - 3i . Xc nh phn thc v phn o ca s phc
z1 - 2 z2 .
2. Cho hai s phc z1 = 2 + 5i v z2 = 3 - 4i . Xc nh phn thc v phn o ca s phc
z1.z2 .
S: 1) a = -3; b = 8
Bai 8. (TN 2011)
S:
2) a = 26; b = 7 .
Trang 141
thi Tt nghip i hc
Trn S Tng
THI I HC
Bai 1. (H 2009A) Gi z1 , z2 l hai nghim phc ca phng trnh: z2 + 2 z + 10 = 0 . Tnh

2
gi tr ca biu thc A = z1 + z2 .
S:
A = 20.
Bai 2. (H 2009B) Tm s phc z tho mn: z - (2 + i ) = 10 v z. z = 25 .
S:
z = 3 + 4i hoc z = 5 .
Bai 3. (H 2009D) Trong mt phng Oxy, tm tp hp im biu din cc s phc z tho
mn iu kin: z - (3 - 4i) = 2 .
( x - 3)2 + ( y + 4)2 = 4 .
S:
Bai 4. (C 2009)
1. Cho s phc z tho mn (1 + i )2 (2 - i)z = 8 + i + (1 + 2i)z . Tm phn thc v phn o ca
z.
4 z - 3 - 7i
= z - 2i .
2. Gii phng trnh sau trn tp s phc:
z-i
S:
1) a = 2, b = 3.
2) z = 1 + 2i; z = 3 + i .
Bai 5. (H 2010A)
2
1. Tm phn o ca s phc z, bit z = ( 2 + i ) (1 - 2i ) .

2. Cho s phc z tho mn: z =
(1 -
3i )
. Tm mun ca s phc z + iz .
1- i
S:
1) b = - 2
2) z + iz = 8 2 .
Bai 6. (H 2010B) Trong mt phng to Oxy, tm tp hp im biu din cc s phc z
tho mn:
z - i = (1 + i )z .
S:
(C): x 2 + ( y + 1)2 = 2 .
Bai 7. (H 2010D) Tm s phc z tho mn: z = 2 v z2 l s thun o.
S:
1 + i; 1 - i; - 1 + i; - 1 - i .
Bai 8. (C 2010)
1. Cho s phc z tha mn iu kin (2 3i)z + (4 + i ) z = -(1 + 3i )2 . Tm phn thc v

phn o ca z.
2. Gii phng trnh z2 (1 + i )z + 6 + 3i = 0 trn tp hp cc s phc.
S:
1) a = -2; b = 5
2) z = 1 - 2i; z = 3i .
Bai 9. (H 2011A)
1.
S:
Trang 142

(Vnmath - Com) BaiTap GiaiTich 12 OnThi TN - THPT DH

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(Vnmath - Com) BaiTap GiaiTich 12 OnThi TN - THPT DH

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TRAN S TUNG

---- & ----

ON THI TOT NGHIEP THPT & AI HOC

VN 1: Xt chiu bin thin ca hm s

Bai 2. Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau:

VN 2: Tm iu kin hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin

Hm s f ng bin trn D y 0, "x D.

3) nh l v du ca tam thc bc hai g( x ) = ax 2 + bx + c :

Nu D < 0 th g(x) lun cng du vi a.

Nu D = 0 th g(x) lun cng du vi a (tr x = -

4) So snh cc nghim x1, x2 ca tam thc bc hai g( x ) = ax 2 + bx + c vi s 0:

x1 < x2 < 0 P > 0

0 < x1 < x2 P > 0

x1 < 0 < x2 P < 0

5) hm s y = ax 3 + bx 2 + cx + d c di khong ng bin (nghch bin) (x1; x2) bng d

S dng nh l Viet a (2) thnh phng trnh theo m.

Bai 3. Tm m cc hm s sau lun ng bin trn tp xc nh (hoc tng khong xc

a) y = x 3 + 3 x 2 + mx + m nghch bin trn mt khong c di bng 1.

b) y = x 3 - 3(2m + 1) x 2 + (12 m + 5) x + 2 ng bin trn khong (2; +).

(m 2) ng bin trn khong (1; +).

VN 3: ng dng tnh n iu chng minh bt ng thc

b) a - sin a < b - sin b, vi 0 < a < b <

b) ln(1 + x ) < x , vi x > 0

a) tan 550 > 1, 4

HD: a) tan 550 = tan(450 + 10 0 ) . Xt hm s f ( x ) =

c) log 2 3 > log3 4

Bai 2. Gii cc phng trnh sau:

Bai 4. Gii cc h phng trnh sau:

Hm s bc ba y = ax 3 + bx 2 + cx + d c cc tr Phng trnh y = 0 c hai nghim

Khi s dng iu kin cn xt hm s c cc tr cn phi kim tra li loi b

a) y = ax 3 + bx 2 + cx + d t cc tiu bng 0 ti x = 0 v t cc i bng

a) y = x 3 + 2(m - 1) x 2 + (m 2 - 4 m + 1) x - 2(m2 + 1) t cc tr ti hai im x1, x2 sao cho:

b) y = x 4 - mx 2 + 4 x + m c 3 im cc tr l A, B, C v tam gic ABC nhn gc to

a) y = 2 x 3 + mx 2 - 12 x - 13 c hai im cc tr cch u trc tung.

Cc im (x1; y1), (x2; y2) nm trn ng thng y = Ax + B.

Gi s hm s c cc i v cc tiu th phng trnh ng thng i qua hai im cc

Bai 1. Vit phng trnh ng thng i qua hai im cc tr ca th hm s :

c) y = x 3 - 3(m - 1) x 2 + (2m 2 - 3m + 2) x - m(m - 1)

a) y = 2 x 3 + 3(m - 1) x 2 + 6(m - 2) x - 1 c ng thng i qua hai im cc tr song song

b) Nu hm s f nghch bin trn [a; b] th max f ( x ) = f (a), min f ( x ) = f (b) .

VN 1: Tm GTLN, GTNN ca hm s bng cch lp bng bin thin

m = min f ( x) = min { f (a), f (b), f ( x1 ), f ( x2 ),..., f ( xn )}

Bai 1. Tm GTLN, GTNN ca cc hm s sau:

i) y = 100 - x 2 trn [6; 8]

VN 2: Tm GTLN, GTNN ca hm s bng cch dng bt ng thc

Theo bt ng thc Csi:

VN 3: Tm GTLN, GTNN ca hm s bng cch dng min gi tr

Bai 1. Tm gi tr ln nht, gi tr nh nht ca cc hm s sau:

VN 4: S dng GTLN, GTNN ca hm s trong PT, HPT, BPT

Bai 1. Gii cc phng trnh sau:

Bai 2. Tm m cc phng trnh sau c nghim:

Bai 4. Cho bt phng trnh: x 3 - 2 x 2 + x - 1 + m < 0 .

a) Tm m bt phng trnh c nghim thuc [0; 2].

(m + 2) x - m x + 1 c nghim x [0; 2].

c) m( x 2 - x + 1) x 2 + x + 1 nghim ng vi mi x [0; 1].

im U ( x0 ; f ( x0 ) ) gl im un ca th hm s y = f(x) nu tn ti mt khong (a; b)

a) y = x 3 - 3 x 2 + 3mx + 3m + 4 ; I(1; 2). b) y = c) y = mx 3 + nx 2 + 1 ; I(1; 4)

a) y = x 4 - 2 x 3 - 6 x 2 + mx + 2 m - 1 c hai im un thng hng vi im A(1; 2).

ng thng y = y0 gl ng tim cn ngang ca th hm s y = f ( x ) nu t nht

ng thng y = ax + b, a 0 gl ng tim cn xin ca th hm s y = f ( x )

Nu Q(x) = 0 c nghim x0 th th c tim cn ng x = x0 .

Bai 1. Tm cc tim cn ca th cc hm s sau:

VI. KHO ST S BIN THIN