Professional Documents
Culture Documents
TCN
Code of Practice
for Lightning protection and Earthing for
Telecommunication Plants
H NI - 2006
mc lc
li ni u.............................................................................................4
1) H s v thit k;...........................................................56
6.3.4 Kt lun, bn giao..........................................................56
Chng VII: Quy nh v qun l v bo dng.................57
7.1 Trong qu trnh qun l v khai thc h thng tip
t v chng st, phi thc hin kim tra, bo dng cc
trang, thit b theo nhng quy nh sau:....................57
7.2 Quy nh v thi gian kim tra nh k.................57
7.3 Quy nh v thi gian kim tra t xut................57
7.4 Ni dung kim tra nh k v t xut...................58
7.5 Sau khi kim tra nu pht hin ch h hng phi sa
cha ngay:...................................................................58
7.6 Mi ni dung kim tra sa cha nh k hoc t
xut u phi ghi vo l lch k thut v lu h s.........58
Cu
hnh
u
ni
v
tip
t
trong cc nh trm vin thng.......................................59
A.1 Cu hnh u ni v tip t trong nh trm vin
thng...........................................................................59
A.1.1 Xy dng mng lin kt chung cho nh trm vin thng59
A.1.1.1 Trnh t xy dng mng lin kt chung (CBN)........59
A.1.1.2 Mt s quy nh km theo khi xy dng mng CBN 61
A.1.2 Thc hin u ni mng lin kt chung vi mng tip t
ca nh trm vin thng. ........................................................62
A.1.2.1 Thc hin u ni mng CBN vi mng tip t ca
nh trm thng qua tm tip t chnh. Gia mng CBN v
tm tip t chnh cng nhiu ng lin kt cng tt......62
A.1.2.2 Quy nh i vi tm tip t chnh ....................62
A.1.3 Xy dng mng lin kt cho cc khi thit b trong nh
trm vin thng v thc hin u ni vi mng CBN...............62
A.1.3.1. Xy dng mng lin kt mt li (M- BN).................63
A.1.3.2 Xy dng mng lin kt cch ly mt li (M-IBN)......66
A.1.3.3 Xy dng mng lin kt cch ly hnh sao (S-IBN). 69
A.2 Cu hnh u ni v tip t trong trm in t xa
....................................................................................71
A.2.1 Nguyn tc chung ........................................................71
A.2.2 Cc thnh phn ca mt cu trc che chn bo v thit
b in t (EEE) hoc cabin thit b in t (EEC)..............72
A.2.3 Nguyn tc thc hin....................................................72
A.2.3.1 Trm in t xa phi c trang b mt tm tip
t chnh bng ng. Phng php thi cng tm tip t
chnh c trnh by trong Ph lc D...................................72
A.2.3.2 Trm in t xa phi xy dng mt mng lin kt
chung (CBN)..........................................................................73
6
12
Li ni u
Tiu chun Ngnh TCN 68-174: 2006 "Quy phm chng st v
tip t cho cc cng trnh vin thng (Sot xt ln 1)" c
xy dng trn c s cc quy nh, hng dn v khuyn ngh ca
Lin minh Vin thng quc t (ITU), Vin Tiu chun Vin thng
chu u (ETSI) p ng cc yu cu k thut theo cc tiu chun
Ngnh v chng st v tip t cho cc cng trnh vin thng, c
tham kho cc tiu chun v cng ngh chng st ca mt s quc
gia trn th gii.
Tiu chun Ngnh TCN 68-174: 2006 do Vin Khoa hc K thut
Bu in (RIPT) bin son theo ngh ca V Khoa hc - Cng
ngh v c ban hnh theo Quyt nh s 28/2006/Q-BBCVT
ngy 25 thng 7 nm 2006 ca B trng B Bu chnh, Vin thng.
13
15
17
18
21
23
24
H thng in cc tip t.
2.1.2.1 in cc thu st pht tin o sm
25
27
2.2.2 Yu cu k thut
LPZ 0A
LPZ 1
Li chn 2 cho
phng my
LPZ 2
Thanh lin
kt 2 ti
ranh gii
LPZ 1v
LPZ 2
Phng my
Lin kt cc li chn 1
v 2
Li chn 1 cho cng
trnh xy dng
32
- c im ca mi on ng dy i qua cc vng c
c im kh tng v a cht khc nhau (chiu di,
cao treo cp hoc dy trn, chn su v in tr
sut ca t trong mi on...).
3.2.1.2 Cng trnh dng im (nh trm hoc ct ng ten vin
thng)
Khi kho st cng trnh dng tuyn, cn quan tm:
- c im kh tng (s ngy hoc gi dng) trong nhng
vng cng trnh c xy dng;
- c im in tr sut ca t trong vng;
- c im nh trm vin thng (kch thc, kt cu nh
hoc cha lp h thng chng st nh trc tip bo v,
cc h thng tip t trong khu vc trm vin thng...);
- c im ca cc cng trnh lin quan khc nh nh my
n, trm bin th in AC (kch thc, kt cu nh);
- c im ct ng ten vin thng (kch thc ct, khong
cch t ct ng ten n nh trm vin thng, c im
cp ng ten phi...);
- c im cc loi ng dy vo trm (chiu di, cch
lp t ca cc ng in li, ng dy thng tin
hoc cha lp thit b chng st....);
- c im cc cng trnh bng kim loi dn vo khu vc
trm (cc ng ng nc, ng kh t...);
- c im ca a hnh xung quanh cng trnh cn
chng st (cc cng trnh xy dng k bn, ng bng
hay trn ni, chnh lch im lp t cng trnh so
vi mc trung bnh ca a hnh xung quanh...).
3.2.2 Ni dung bo co kho st
- Bn v s mt bng khu vc trm hoc mt bng
tuyn ng dy;
- Cc s liu kho st, o c (c im nh trm vin
thng, trm bin th, ct ng ten, my n, ng dy vin
34
2 l R
ln(4l / d )
(3.1)
Trong :
- in tr sut ca t, .m;
l- chiu di phn chn su ca in cc tip t mu, m;
d
- ng knh ngoi ca in cc tip t mu dng
tr trn, m (nu in cc tip t c dng thp gc, vi cnh l
b th d = 0,95b).
E
C
E
l
P
C
D2 =
0,62.D1
D1
2,2.t
l
Hnh 3.1: o in tr sut ca
theo phng php thm d
35
in cc mu
(3.2)
- gi tr in tr o c, ;
Trong : R
P1
P2
l
Ghi ch:
a/20
- su
a chn inacc l phi nh hn a
- Chnal a/20 v l < 1 m.
R(2 d2 )
,(.m)
2d
(3.3)
Trong :
l- khong cch t cc in cc dng n tm thm d O, m;
d
m;
C1 P1 P2
R- gi tr in tr cC2c trn my o, ;
C1
36
P1
d
d
P2
C2
37
(4.1)
Trong :
Fd - tn sut thit hi do st nh trc tip ln nh trm vin
thng;
38
Hiu qu bo v E
0,98
0,95
0,90
0,80
40
41
(4.2)
Trong :
= in tr sut ca t, .m.
4.4.5 Lp t thit b chng st
Lp t thit b chng st ti cc im cp nhp trm
lm gim tn sut thit hi cho cp do st nh trc tip vo
trm. Thit b chng st phi c la chn phi hp tt vi kh
nng chu ng ca cp. Thit b chng st phi c ni gia
cc dy dn kim loi ca cp vi thanh tip t chnh ca nh
trm. Ti di cp chn Lp = 5.
1/2
(vi l in tr sut ca
42
tt
=k
, ( .m)
(4.3)
Trong :
tt
- in tr sut ca t o c;
st;
k - h s ma, k =1,6 1,8.
43
46
48
Cp
tc
lin
Mt bch hoc
hp ni
Mng ngn
m
Phn t
chu lc
i dy
ng
Nh
e.p.b.b
51
54
56
Ph lc A
Cu hnh u ni v tip t
trong cc nh trm vin thng
A.1 Cu hnh u ni v tip t trong nh trm vin
thng
Cu hnh u ni v tip t trong cc nh trm vin thng
c thc hin theo trnh t sau:
1. Xy dng mng lin kt chung (CBN) cho nh trm vin
thng.
2. Thc hin u ni mng lin kt chung (CBN) vi mng tip
t ca khu vc nh trm.
3. Xy dng mng lin kt cho cc khi h thng thit b
trong nh trm vin thng, ng thi thc hin u ni
cc mng lin kt vi mng lin kt chung (CBN).
A.1.1 Xy dng mng lin kt chung cho nh trm vin
thng
A.1.1.1 Trnh t xy dng mng lin kt chung (CBN)
Mng lin kt chung ca nh trm vin thng c dng tng
qut nh trong s hnh A.1.
1. Trnh t xy dng mng CBN i vi nh trm vin thng
xy dng mi hon ton
a. Xy dng ng dn kt ni:
- Ti mi tng ca nh trm vin thng xy dng mt vng
kt ni khp kn quanh sn nh ( su t 0,5 n 0,7
m di nn nh), hoc thc hin vng kt ni khp kn
xung quanh tng nh. Vng kt ni c thc hin bng cp
ng hoc nhng di ng hay thp m km c tit din
ti thiu khng nh hn 100 mm2.
- Thc hin lin kt cc vng kt ni ca mi tng bng cc
dy lin kt thng ng ta nh mt lng Faraday, khong
cch gia cc dy thng ng khng ln hn 5 m. Dy
57
59
60
Vng kt
ni
Cc
dy
lin
Khun
g
b
tng
ct
thp
Tm tip t
chnh
Mng tip
t
Hnh A.1: Mng lin kt chung
B
tng
mng
40 cm x 40 cm,
50 cm x 50 cm.
b. Thc hin ni (hn) tm m mt li vi mng CBN ti
nhiu im (cng nhiu im ni vi mng CBN cng tt)
bng di ng trn hoc thp m km c tit din ln hn
14 mm2.
c. Thc hin ni phn dn ca khi h thng thit b vin
thng vi tm m mt li.
- Thit b vin thng vi nhng mch in t c cung cp
chung mt lp bc kim loi c gi l "in th chun" ph
khp trn b mt cc bng mch in.
- Tt c cc b mt "in th chun" c ni vi nhau
ng thi c ni vi khung gi thit b hoc vi v kim loi
cp ca h thng cp ln cn (nm trong khi M-BN) bng
nhng dy ng c tit din ln hn 14 mm2.
- Thc hin ni cc ca bin, cc khung gi thit b, v kim loi
cp vi tm m mt li bng dy (di) ng theo ng
ngn nht c kch thc nh trong bng A.1 (cng nhiu ng ni cng tt).
Bng A.1: Quy nh kch thc ca dy dn lin kt
TT
Tn dy dn lin kt
Tit din
ti thiu (mm2)
14
14
14
100 (L> 50 m)
14
14
14
Dy dn lin kt cho cc gi cp
14
10
62
14
100 300
63
64
65
Ni gia SPC1 v
ng cp
sn
SPC
1
Khuyn ngh ni
mn chn cp vi
gi cp
Ct thp
sn
SPC
2@
SPC
66
Tm m
mt li
Cch ly gia tm m
mt li v CBN ngn
dng ngoi lai
Khi h
thng 3
SPC
3
Khi h
thng
Ca
s2kt ni mt im
Dy dn lin kt ng th
Ct thp lin kt
Cp nhp hoc cp ni b khng che chn
Cp nhp hoc cp ni b c che chn
Cc chm (
) dc theo cnh tm m mt li biu
th SPC ca n
Cp ni b h thng i vo khi h thng phi i st SPC
th
cch
SPCB
nhiu
hn
sao.
1 tng)
a.V che chn caFGB
cp i vo khi h thng S-IBN
cv ni vi
IBN (khng
dy
mng S-IBN ti SPCB, phn bn ngoi khi h
thng s c
dn v + 48V)
Tng n
ni vi CBN.
+1
b.
Thp xy
dng t
(CBN)
FG
c che
B
chn
dn n
chuyn
c.Cc h thng khung
thit b, cc
thnh
phn
kt
cu kim
B
Gi phi
mch
Tng
SPC
tuync lin
nh hn 2 m phi
n loi trong MBN t cch S-IBN W
(thit b
kt vi thanh dn SPCB v l do an ton con ngi.
BN mt li)
d.
Khi thc hin lin kt mng S-IBN phi thc hin kim
Thit b BN tra bo dng thng xuyn m bo s cch ly tuyt
mt li
(khng v
i.
ng +48V) dc
i dy xon khng
chn
dn n thit b
nhp
Ghpcp
st
Busbar +48V
dc
cch ly
Tng 1
(c th cch
SPCB hn 1
tng)
n in
cc
tip
t
68
Khung gi
b
ngun
chnh
dng
MET
PE
Dy dn
t
Mng tip
t
Khung thit
b
Dy dn
t
V thit b cp ngun
A.C
69
73
Ph lc B
Xc nh vng bo v ca h thng chng st
nh trc tip
h (m)
R (m)
20
30
45
60
20
25
II
30
35
25
III
45
45
35
25
IV
60
60
45
35
25
74
Vng bo v
Hnh B.1: Xc nh vng bo v ca mt
in cc thu st
Khng p dng phng php gc bo v trong trng hp
cao h ln hn bn knh qu cu ln R xc nh trong bng B.2.
Hnh B.2 v B.3 minh ho vng bo v ca mt in cc thu
st thng ng v mt in cc thu st dng dy dn nm
ngang.
A
h
t
A
B
OC
ht
nh ca in cc
mt phng chun
bn knh ca vng c bo v
cao ca in cc so vi mt phng chun
75
ht
ht
C
O
Hnh B.3: Vng bo v ca mt in cc thu st dng dy
dn nm ngang
b) Phng php qu cu ln
Trong trng hp khng s dng c phng php gc bo v,
c th dng phng php qu cu ln xc nh v tr ca ca
in cc thu st. Phng php ny thch hp vi cng trnh c
cu trc phc tp.
Theo phng php ny, in cc thu st s c lp t
cc v tr sao cho khng c im no ca cng trnh cn bo
v chm vo mt qu cu tng tng bn knh R ln trn t, xung
thu
quanh ton bin
b cc
mt
cng trnh v ln trn nh ca cng
st
trnh theo tt c cc hng (xem hnh B.4). Nh vy, qu cu ln s
ch chm mt t v/hoc in cc thu st. Bn knh ca cu
ln c xc nh theo mc bo v ca h thng chng st (xem
R
R
bng B.1).
R
76
Trong :
R - bn knh qu cu ln, c xc nh theo mc bo v, m
(xem bng B.1);
h - cao ca kim thu st so vi mt phng i qua v tr
cn bo v ang xt, m;
L - li v chiu di tia tin o ca in cc pht tin
o sm so vi in cc Franklin, m.
li L c tnh nh sau:
L(m) = v(m/ s). T( s)
Trong :
T ( s) - li v thi gian ca s hnh thnh tia tin o
ca in cc pht tia tin o sm so vi in cc Franklin, c
trng cho tnh hiu qu ca h thng pht tin o sm;
Ghi ch: Gi tr T do nh sn xut cung cp.
v (m/ s) = 1 m/ s - vn tc tia tin o.
77
Ph lc C
Tnh ton tip t cho cc cng trnh vin thng
C.1 Tnh ton in tr tip t trong t ng nht
C.1.1 in tr tip t ca mt in cc trong t ng
nht
C.1.1.1 in tr tip t ca mt ng kim loi chn thng ng
trong t ng nht c xc nh bng cng thc:
1. Khi nh ca ng ngay trn mt t:
Rd =
4
ln
, ;
2
d
(C.1)
Trong :
- in tr sut ca t, .m;
- chiu di ca ng, m;
2. Khi nh ca ng su trong t:
Rd =
4( + 2h )
ln
, ;
2
d ( + 4h )
(C.2)
Trong :
h - khong cch t mt t n nh ca ng, m.
Ch : Nu thanh tip t bng thp gc, thay d = 0,95a; vi
a l chiu rng pha ngoi ca thanh thp gc.
C.1.1.2 Khi thit k cc h thng tip t dng cc ng kim loi
chn thng ng trong t, hp l nht khi chn chiu di ca
ng l = (1,5 3) m; khong cch t mt t n nh ca
ng chn khng nh hn 0,7 m; ng knh d, ca ng chn theo
loi t nh sau:
1. t c ln cht trung bnh d = (2,5 4) cm;
78
1,5l
Rd = .ln(
),
(C.3)
l
bh
Trong :
b
- chiu di ca di, m;
- su chn di, m;
- in tr sut ca t, .m.
C.1.1.4 in tr tip t ca mt dy kim loi tit din trn, ng knh d, t nm ngang su, h trong t ng nht,
c xc nh bng cng thc:
l
Rd =
ln(
),
(C.4)
l
dh
Trong :
d
- ng knh ca dy, m.
60
40
20
79
10 200
400
600
10000 , m
1000
2000
5000
7D
.ln(
),
2D
bh
(C.5)
Trong :
- in tr sut ca t, .m;
D- ng knh ca vng trn tip t, m;
b - chiu rng ca di dt, m;
h - chn su ca tip t, m.
2. in tr tip t ca mt dy tit din trn, t di dng
mt vng trn trong t ng nht, xem hnh C.2, c xc
nh bng cng thc:
Rd =
5D
.ln(
),
2
D
dh
(C.6)
1,27l
.ln(
),
l
dh
(C.7)
Trong :
d - ng knh ca dy, m;
l = .D - chu vi ca vng trn (chiu di tip t dng
vng trn), m.
80
a) Dng dy dt
h
D
b. Dng dy trn
h
d
D
Hnh C.2: in cc tip t dng vng trn
C.1.1.7 in tr tip t ca in cc bng kim loi dng tm
trn hoc ch nht c xc nh bng cng thc:
1. Tm kim loi dng trn t trn b mt t ng nht
Rd =
, ;
2D
(C.8)
2
1
+
, ;
8 D h
(C.9)
Trong :
h- su chn tm kim loi, m;
- in tr sut ca t, .m;
D- ng knh ca tm trn hoc ng knh tng ng
ca cc tm dng ch nht hoc vung, cm;
Ch thch: ng knh tng ng ca mt tm kim loi dng
ch nht hoc vung l ng knh ca ng trn c din tch
bng din tch ca tm xem xt.
81
a
Hnh C.3: H thng tip t gm
nhiu ng
82
a) Hai tia
b) Ba tia
c) Bn tia
R0
, ;
n
(C.10)
Trong :
R0- in tr tip t ca mt in cc n c lp, ;
n- s in cc trong h thng;
- h s s dng in cc tip t (gi tr trung bnh t
tr s o thc nghim, ly ging nhau cho tt c cc in cc
trong h thng).
C.1.2.3 in tr tip t ca mt h thng gm nhiu ng kim
loi ging nhau chn thng ng trong t ng nht, c xt
n in tr tip t ca dy (di) ni cc in cc tip t
vi nhau, c xc nh bng cng thc:
Rd =
R 1R 2
, ;
n2 R 1 + 1 R 2
(C.11)
Trong :
83
4
0,89
0,92
0,79
0,85
0,75
0,82
0,56
0,68
0,46
0,58
0,36
0,49
0,34
0,47
100
0,55
0,70
0,24
0,33
0,48
0,64
0,43
0,60
0,40
0,56
0,32
0,45
0,30
0,42
0,28
0,37
0,26
0,35
8l
2K l
. ln( ) 1 + (
)( n 1) 2 ,
2 l n d
S
Trong :
84
(C.12)
- in tr sut ca t, .m;
l- chiu di ca thanh (ng), m;
d- ng knh ca thanh (ng), m;
S- din tch ca h thng tip t, m2;
n- s in cc (thanh, ng);
K- h s, c gi tr trnh by trn hnh C.5.
C.1.2.6 in tr ca mt h thng tip t c dng bt k gm
cc thanh hoc ng chn thng ng trong t ng nht c
th c xc nh bng cng thc:
R=
.
2 l n
4l +7t
2l
+ A , ;
ln( ) + 0,5ln
l +t
d
(C.13)
Trong :
d- ng knh ca ng tip t, m;
t- su chn ng tip t, m;
n- s lng cc ng tip t;
A- tr s xt n s che chn ln nhau ca cc thanh
1,40 t.
hoc ng tip
K
Cc gi tr ca A i vi mt s cc trng hp tip t c
1,35
trnh by trong bng C.3.
1,30
Vi su
chn ng tip
t t = 0
1,25
1,20
Vi
1,15
1,10
1,05
1,00
Vi
0,95
0,90
1
8
85
86
S in cc
R.2. .l/
3,07
1,34
10
3,18
0,82
21
4,30
0,445
40
7,33
0,385
80
8,98
0,175
69
9,95
0,212
98
11,30
0,165
21
6,27
L2
R=
. ln( ) + A , ;
2 L dt
(C.14)
Trong :
L- tng chiu di ca tip t, m;
- in tr sut ca t, .m;
d- ng knh ca dy lm tip t, m;
t- su chn tip t, m;
A- tr s xt n s nh hng ln nhau ca cc b phn
tip t ring r, c gi tr i vi mt s dng tip t c
trnh by trong bng C.4.
87
Dng tip t
Gi tr ca A khi t s cc cnh
1
1,5
2
3
4
0,48
1,69
1,76
1,86
2,10
2,34
0,36
3,67
3,41
3,31
3,29
3,35
0,87
4,95
5,16
5,44
6,00
6,52
2,13
5,61
5,04
4,73
4,43
4,33
5,27
8,55
8,24
9,40
10,3
11,11
8,81
9,02
7,20
22,73
l/D=3/
C.1.2.8 in tr ca h thng tip t gm n dy (di) t
nm ngang trong t ng nht di dng bc x (cc di c cng
mt im ni) c tnh bng cng thc:
Rd =
ln
1 + N(n ), ;
n d
Trong :
l- chiu di ca tia, m;
d- ng knh ca dy, m;
n- s tia;
- in tr sut ca t, .m;
n 1
N (n) = ln
k =1
88
l + sin( k / n)
sin( k / n)
(C.15)
2
0,7
3
1,53
4
2,45
6
4,42
8
6,5
12
11,0
100
11,6
R
,
n
Trong :
n- s tm;
R- in tr tip t ca mt tm, ;
- h s s dng tip t, ph thuc vo s tm v s b
tr ca cc tm, c gi tr thay i trong phm vi t 0,25
n 0,7.
C.2 Tnh ton in tr tip t trong t khng ng
nht
C.2.1 Tnh ton in tr tip t ca cc tip t n
trong t khng ng nht
C.2.1.1 Trong thc t t c kt cu khng ng nht. Thng
t c nhiu lp c xc nh bi kt cu a cht ca t.
Gi tr in tr sut ca cc lp t pha trn thay i theo
ma.
Vic tnh ton in tr tip t trong trng hp ny theo
dng kt cu t ng nht s c sai s ln.
tnh ton in tr tip t trong trng hp t c nhiu
lp c th s dng h s ma. Nhng kt qu nghin cu thc
nghim h s ma cho thy rng h s ma l khng ging nhau
khng nhng ch cc ch khc nhau m cn thay i mnh
trong phm vi ca mt vng khng ln lm, ph thuc vo v tr
c th b tr tip t.
89
cn lp di dy v cng
c in tr sut 2.
C.2.1.2 in tr tip t ca mt ng chn thng ng trong
t khng ng nht gm hai lp (xem hnh C.6) c xc nh
bng cng thc:
1 h l -h 4l
R= +
ln( ), ;
2
d
1
2
(C.16)
Trong :
d - ng knh ca ng, m;
l - chiu di ca ng, m;
h - chiu dy ca lp t pha trn, m;
1, 2- in tr sut tng ng ca cc lp t pha trn v
pha di, .m.
h
l
4
hn
(
hn
+
t
)
(
hn
t
)
2 dt n=1
(C.17)
2. Khi dy (hoc di) tip t di nm trong lp t pha di
(t>h)
90
R= 2
2
2
0,25l
0,25l
l n
l ln + K arsh
+
arsh
,
(
hn
+
t
)
(
n
2)
h
+
t
dt n=1
(C.18)
Trong :
l- chiu di ca dy (hoc di), m;
K = ( 2- 1)/( 2+ 1) - h s khng ng nht ca t;
d- ng knh ca dy, m; (nu l di, th ng knh tng ng ca mt di c chiu rng b c ly bng d = b/2).
C.2.1.4 in tr tip t ca in cc di dng vng trn trong
t c hai lp, khi mt phng ngn cch gia hai lp trng vi
mt ng th, c xc nh bng cng thc:
1
1 2
4 D 2 + h2
8D
R = 2 .ln
.ln
, ;
D d 2 D 2 + h2
h
(C.19)
Trong :
D- ng knh ca vng trn tip t, m;
d- ng knh (hoc ng knh tng ng) ca dy
(hoc di), m;
1,
.m;
h - chiu dy ca lp t pha trn, m.
C.2.1.5 in tr tip t ca in cc dng tm trong t
khng ng nht, gm hai lp khi mt ngn cch trng vi mt
ng th tip t, c xc nh bng cng thc:
R=
1 2(1 - 2 )
d
. 1.arctg , ;
2D
1
2h
(C.20)
Trong :
D- ng knh (hoc ng knh tng ng) ca tm, m.
C.2.1.6 in tr tip t ca in cc dng li t trong t
khng ng nht gm hai lp, c xc nh bng cng thc:
1 +( 2 -1 ).e- h 1
R=
+ , ;
2D
L
(C.21)
91
Trong :
L- tng chiu di cc dy (hoc di) di, m;
D- ng knh din tch ca li, m;
- tham s (1/m) khi xt n s phn b khng ng
nht ca theo su ca t. Gi tr ca c trnh by
trn hnh C.7.
92
(1/m)
1,0
K=
0,333
0,9
0,8
h=1m
K=
0,500
K=
-0,333
0,7
0,6
0,5
0,4
0,3
K=
-0,500
0,2
0,1
0,0
-0,1
5
5
90 100
40
50
60
70
80
,m
-0,2
93
= 500
30
0,3
2,
0 1,
0
10
30
0,1
0,5
15
2/ 1=0,75
l, m 50
40
20
40
50 h, m
30
0,01
18,5
20
10
15
0
10
20
30
10di ca tip t
Hnh 25
C.8 - Ton xc nh chiu
chn su
94
30
d
lb
2l b
4hb + 3l b hh d hh
ln
ln
+ 0,5ln
+
, ;
d
4
h
+
l
d
b
b
d
b
hh
(C.22)
Trong :
K1- h s nhit ca t thay i theo ma, i vi in
cc dng thanh (ng) ly bng 1,3;
d- in tr sut ca t, .m;
lb- chiu di ca in cc, m;
hb- khong cch t mt t n gia in cc, m;
db- ng knh ngoi ca in cc, m;
hh
d
ln
2l n
tn hh dhh
ln
+
ln
+
ln
, ;
2t d
dn
dn
(C.23)
- in tr sut ca t, .m;
hh
2,5 .m;
dhh- ng knh ca lp trung gian bng bt than cc, m.
Ch thch:
- i vi cc in cc bng thp gc hoc thp dt thay dn=
0,95.a (a l chiu rng ca thp gc hoc thp dt);
- Gi tr in tr sut ca t trong cc cng thc tnh ton
cc im 4.5 v 4.6 c xc nh bng cng thc:
.k, .m; vi
- gi tr in tr sut ca t o t c, .m;
k - h s xt n s thay i m ca t theo ma.
96
Rx
R 50
(C.24)
(C.25)
Trong :
R50 - in tr tip t i vi dng in tn s cng nghip
50 Hz;
Rx - in tr tip t i vi dng xung.
97
42 E 0
Ix
4
ln
d
(C.26)
Trong :
l - chiu di ca ng (cc), m;
Ix- bin dng st, A;
d - ng knh ca ng, m (Nu l thp gc thay d = 0,95a
vi a l chiu rng thp gc);
E0 = (6-12) kV/cm - gi tr trung bnh cng in trng
nh xuyn trong t.
C.4.2.2 H s xung i vi di (dy) tip t nm ngang c
xc nh bng cng thc:
= 1+
L 0l
T1R 50
(C.27)
Trong :
L0 - in cm mt n v chiu di ca dy (di) tip t
nm ngang, c xc nh nh sau:
l
0,75 0,855
0,5 0,60
0,35 0,45
0,6 0,75
0,35 0,45
0,25 0,30
0,50 0,60
0,25 0,30
Chiu di
tip t,
m
5
20
5
30
10
60
R o1
;
n1
(C.28)
Trong
Rx - in tr tip t tng i vi dng xung;
Ro - in tr tip t ca mt ng;
- h s xung i vi ng tip t;
1- h s s dng i vi ng tip t.
99
R o Rd1 2
;
1Ro2 + 1Rd1n
(C.28)
Cc h s xung ca ng (cc)
trnh by trong bng C.8.
Chiu
di
tip t,
m
2 3
5 10
H
s
xung
v ca dy ni
v dy ni
H s xung vi in tr sut ca t, .m
50
50 100
100 300
300 500
500
1000
0,8
0,6
0,4
0,35
0,9
0,7
0,5
0,4
H s xung , vi ng knh ca vng trn (m) c din tch tng ng vi li tip t v ch dng in vo thit b tip t
20
40
60
80
Tm
Mp
Tm
Mp
Tm
Mp
Tm
Mp
0,7
1,30
1,45
2,70
1,80
3,5
0,5
0,55
0,65
0,85
0,80
1,0
0,75
1,3
0,75
0,9
0,80
1,2
0,70
0,9
0,75
1,2
C ca h thng
tip t, m2
, .m
100
Li 20 x 20
Mt li 10 x 10
1500
Li 40 x 20
Mt li 10 x 10
Li 30 x 30
Mt li 10 x 10
1500
1500
100
Li 40 x 40
Mt li 10 x 10
1500
V tr dng
st
vo li
Gc
Tm
Gc
Tm
Gia ca cnh
di pha ngoi
Ix,
(kA)
Rx,
( )
R50,
( )
9,7
8,8
4,2
4,3
2,74
1,47
15,2
14,1
2,1
2,1
28,2
28,2
1,30
0,70
0,54
0,50
4,6
14,2
24,8
0,57
Gc
4,7
10,8
18,6
0,58
Gc
Tm
Gc
Tm
Gc
Tm
10,5
9,8
4,8
4,9
10,0
9,8
2,6
1,5
11,3
8,1
3,12
1,6
0,91
0,91
13,1
13,1
0,8
0,8
2,85
1,65
0,86
0,62
3,9
2,0
Li 60 x 60
100
Mt li 10 x 10
Ch thch:
Rx l in tr tip t tng i vi dng xung;
R50 l in tr tip t tn s 50 Hz.
in tr sut
trung bnh ca
t ( m)
m 15 20%
25
50
60
80
Loi t
Ct pha (3 10% st)
Ct m
t
in tr sut
trung bnh ca
t ( m)
m 15 20%
300
500
1000
Ph lc D
Trnh t thi cng h thng tip t
D.1 Cng tc chun b
101
t.
D.1.2 Chun b my o in tr sut ca t v in tr
tip t sau khi thi cng.
- Kim tra s hot ng ca my o;
- Kim tra cc thang o, chnh xc ca cc thang o
xem c p ng c yu cu o in tr sut ca t ti
vng chun b thi cng v in tr tip t sau khi thi
cng.
D.1.3 Chun b cc dng c v phng tin thi cng
Cn c vo bn thit k h thng tip t chun b mt s
trong nhng dng c phng tin sau:
- Cuc xng o rnh;
- Ba ng in cc tip t dng thng ng;
- Khoan tay cho php khoan su vo t t 1,5 n 3 m
thi cng dn tip t thng ng;
- Dn khoan cho php khoan su vo t t 10 n 30 m
thi cng dn tip t chn su;
- My hn in hn ni cc in cc tip t vi nhau
bng thanh st dt;
102
- My hn hi hn in cc tip t v dy ni bng
ng;
- M hn thic hn cp dn t vi dn tip t;
- Km, c l, m lt bt cht cc in cc tip t vi
dy ni;
- Chi qut nha ng;
- Chi qut sn;
- Mt s dng c phng tin khc.
D.2 Trnh t thi cng
D.2.1 o rnh, h, khoan l tip t
1) H thng tip t gm nhiu in cc chn thng ng
106
Thp
ng
30
Thanh
ni
Tm p
a) in cc thp ng
30
Hn
in
Thp
gc
Thanh
ni
b) in cc thp gc
Hnh D.1 - Phng php ni cc in cc thng
ng
D.2.3.3 Hn ni cc in cc ca h thng tip t lin kt
mt li (xem hnh D.2)
- Thc hin hn ni cc in cc tip t thng ng vi
cc di tip t nm ngang (di st hoc ng).
- Thc hin hn cc di st hoc ng vi nhau to thnh
mt li.
- Nu trong thit k yu cu tm m li th phi thc hin
hn tm m li bng dy st (ng) c ng knh t 3
mm n 5 mm vi kch thc mt li 20 cm x 20 cm hoc
107
in cc thng
ng
Mi hn tm li
Hnh D.2 - H thng
tip t lin kt dng
m
mt li
D.2.4 Hn ni u cp dn t vi dn tip t
Trc khi hn cp dn t phi thc hin:
- Chn in cc tip t v tr trung tm ( hn cp
dn t);
- Nu in cc tip t bng st (thp) th phi hn 1
tm thp c 50 mm x 200 mm x 5 mm c mt mt trng
ng vo in cc tip t c chn (ti v tr s hn
cp dn t).
Phng php 1: Thc hin hn hi.
108
Trng
thic
Dy ng 1 mm
trng thic
ai p
C
p
ng
dn
y
rnh
Hnh D.3 - Phng php ni cp dn t vi dn
tip t
D.2.5 Bo v cc mi hn
Ph cch in cn thn cc mi hn theo trnh t sau:
109
- Qut hc n ln th nht;
- Qun hai lp bng dnh cch in PVC hoc bao gai
- Qut hc n ln th hai.
D.2.6 Lp t v nn cht
- Kim tra ln cui (v tr ca cc in cc cng nh cc mi
hn...).
- Lp t vo khong trng gia l khoan v in cc tip
t, nn cht.
- Lp t vo rnh, c mi lp dy 150 mm n 300 mm nn
cht mt ln cho n lc y rnh.
D.2.7 Thi cng tm tip t chnh
Khi thi cng tm tip t chnh phi tun theo nhng quy
nh sau:
- Tm tip t chnh phi c kch thc ng yu cu thit
k. Chng c th c nhng kch thc sau:
700 mm x 120 mm x 10 mm.
400 mm x 120 mm x 10 mm.
200 mm x 120 mm x 10 mm.
- Tm tip t chn phi c lm bng ng.
- Ton b bu lng, cu, vng m dng kt cui cp
phi bng ng m niken.
- Tm tip t chnh phi c t v tr thch hp: gn
ngun cung cp v cp nhp trm.
- Tm tip t chnh c bt vo tng bng inh vt nhng
phi cch in hon ton vi tng.
- Phi thc hin hn cp (dy) dn t vi tm tip t
chnh.
- Tm tip t chnh c bt vo tng phi cao thch
hp tin cho vic kim tra in tr tip t thng k.
110
112
700 mm
t mn
Tip t
t gc
100 mm
Hnh D.6 - Ci to tip t bng phng php
t mn
D.3.3 Thi cng h thng tip t c ci to t bng cc
hot cht ho hc
D.3.3.1 Thi cng cc h thng tip t c ci to t bng bt
than cc.
Trn hnh D.7 trnh by trang b cc tip t trong t c
lp trung gian bng bt than cc.
Hiu qu lm gim nh qu trnh n mn cc in cc khi
c lp trung gian bng bt than cc ph thuc vo kch thc ht
than cc v xm thc ca t. Vi kch thc ht than cc
trung bnh (ng knh khng ln hn 10 15 mm) tc n
mn cc in cc bng thp t trong t c lp trung gian
113
0,1 m
V tr cch
in
Cp
0,15
m
in cc chn thng
ng
Bt than
2,5 m
cc
0,15
m
0,25
m
1,2 m
Ch cch
in
0,1 m
0,25
m
0,15
m
0,25
m
0,7 m
Cp
Bt than
0,25
cc in cc nm m
ngang
120
110
100
90
t st pha, st
80
70
in tr
60
(Ohm)
t st / t phin
st
t st
50
40
5
30 (kg)
10
15
20
25
115
R = 1,1 L
H c x l bng
GAF
Bn cu giao
din
116
nh hng n kt qu o in tr tip t do b tr in
cc p v in cc dng c trnh by trn hnh D.10.
Cch b tr cc in cc o th cho trng hp tip t l
mt in cc thng ng c trnh by trn hnh D.11 v cho
tip t di dng li hoc ca nhiu in cc tip t c trnh
by trn hnh D.12.
D2 = 62% D1
in tr
o c
in tr chnh xc
(nu C2 ngoi vng bn cu
giao din)
D2
Ghi ch:
- C2 l in cc dng;
- D1 l khong cch t tip t cn o n in cc dng
C2;
- D2 l khong cch t tip t cn o n in cc p P2.
My o in tr
tip t
C1 P1 P2
C2
P2
L
Vng nh hng
ca in cc
tip t
in
cc
p
C2
C
2
in
cc
dng
D2=0,62D
1
D1 2,2L
My o in tr
tip t
ng cho ca li tip
t
D
C1 P1 P2
C2
C
2
in
P2
cc
D2=0,62D
p
1
D1 5D
Vng nh h
ng ca li
tip t
C2
in
cc
dng
- C quan
- Chc v
- Chc danh
- H v tn
- C quan
- Chc v
- Chc danh
- H v tn
- C quan
- Chc v
- Chc danh
118
3
4
Cc bc kim tra
Tiu chun
Theo ng s
ca bn thit k
Kt qu
kim tra
Theo
ng
quy
nh
trong
bn
thit k v vt liu
v kch thc ca cc
in cc tip t
Quy nh trong ph
lc D
C mi lp dy 150
n 300 mm nn
cht 1 ln cho n
lc y rnh.
Gi tr in tr tip
t tiu chun (theo
thit k).
o th in tr tip t ca
dn tip t
nh gi
Khng ln hn
tiu chun cho
php.
- C quan
- Chc v
- Chc danh
- H v tn
- C quan
- Chc v
- Chc danh
- H v tn
- C quan
:
119
- Chc v
- Chc danh
:
:
120
Ph lc E
Cc c im kh tng v a cht ca vit nam
E.1 Cc c im kh tng Vit Nam
E.1.1 Cc vng hot ng dng st Vit Nam
Cc vng lnh th vi iu kin kh hu, thi tit v a
hnh khc nhau th c im v hot ng dng st khc
nhau; mt khc iu kin trang b k thut khc nhau th mc
thit hi do st gy ra cng khc nhau. V vy mi vng cn
phi t tin hnh iu tra, nghin cu v c tnh hot ng
dng st v cc thng s phng in st a phng ca
mnh t ra nhng bin php phng chng st thch
hp c hiu qu.
E.1.2 T cc ngun s liu khc nhau v ngy dng, gi
dng, s ln st nh xung cc khu vc, ngy gi xut
hin v kt thc dng hng nm, qua x l, tnh ton
ton lnh th Vit Nam c phn ra 5 vng c trng v
cng hot ng dng st l:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
121
Thi gian ko di
trung bnh ca
ngy dng, (gi)
Mt st, Ng
(ln/km2.nm)
Quan h hi quy
ngy gi dng
trong nm
Khu vc
ng bng
ven bin
min Bc
(A)
Khu vc
min ni
trung du
min Bc
(B)
Khu vc
cao nguyn
min
Trung
(C)
Khu vc
ven bin
min
Trung
(D)
Khu vc
ng bng
min Nam
(E)
4,05
3,5
2,03
2,1
0,1215.Td
0,105.Td
0,06.Td
0,0609.Td
0,063.Td
GA =
5,18.N86,48
GB =
5,6.N-85,25
GC =
3,75.N41,53
GD =
2,39.N16,71
GE =
3,5.N - 70
Ch thch :
G - s gi dng trong nm ca khu vc;
N - s ngy dng trong nm ca khu vc;
Td - s ngy dng trung bnh trong nm ca khu vc.
122
100
2
50
Mc
Keraunic
(D)
20
1
10
102
10 104
Vng st nguy him t
him cao
103
Vng st nguy
123
124
Tn i trm
Tnh, thnh ph
Gi dng
TB nm
Ngy
dng TB
Min Bc
Bc Kn
Bc Kn
369
89
4,14
Bc H
Lo Cai
272
79
5,43
Bch Long V
Hi Phng
181
56
3,23
Bc M
H Giang
213
60
3,55
Bc Sn
Lng Sn
173
60
2,88
Bi Thng
Thanh Ho
268
74
3,62
Bi chy
Qung Ninh
248
92
2,69
Bo H
Lo Cai
317
74
4,28
Bo Lc
Cao Bng
143
53
2,69
Cao Bng
Cao Bng
265
91
2,91
Ch R
Bc Kn
288
75
3,84
C Ni
Sn La
334
89
3,75
Con Cung
Ngh An
298
95
4,18
Ca Ro
Ngh An
248
82
3,02
i T
Thi Nguyn
318
85
3,73
in Bin
Lai Chu
285
96
2,79
ng Hi
Qung Bnh
222
73
3,04
H Giang
H Giang
417
101
4,13
H Nam
H Nam
322
86
3,74
nh Lp
Lng Sn
182
67
2,71
H Tnh
H Tnh
281
91
3,08
Hm Yn
Tuyn Quang
290
84
3,45
Hi Dng
Hi Dng
233
71
3,35
Hong Su Ph
H Giang
214
70
3,06
Hi Xun
Thanh Ho
383
103
3,38
Hn Du
Hi Phng
275
65
4,23
Hng Yn
Hng Yn
287
83
3,45
Hng Kh
H Tnh
355
102
3,48
Kim Cng
H Tnh
251
84
2,98
K Anh
H Tnh
220
70
3,15
Lc Sn
Ho Bnh
368
103
3,57
Lai Chu
Lai Chu
223
106
2,10
Lng
H Ni
262
89
2,94
Lng Sn
Lng Sn
276
80
3,10
Lo Cai
Lo Cai
302
118
2,55
125
TT
126
Lc Ngn
Bc Giang
293
84
3,48
Mai Chu
Ho Bnh
380
102
3,72
Mc Chu
Sn La
278
90
3,18
Mng Ci
Qung Ninh
436
83
3,25
M Cng Chi
Yn Bi
255
87
2,3
Mng Khng
Lo Cai
148
48
3,08
Ngy
dng TB
93
3,95
Mng T
Lai Chu
Gi dng
TB nm
368
Nam nh
Nam nh
190
72
2,64
Ngn Sn
Bc Cn
255
69
3,70
Nho Quan
Ninh Bnh
281
100
2,81
Ninh Bnh
Ninh Bnh
171
68
2,52
Ph Bng
H Giang
248
72
3,44
Phong Th
Lai Chu
320
84
3,81
Ph Lin
Hi Phng
360
83
4,34
Ph Yn
Sn La
328
88
3,73
Ph H
Ph Th
315
92
3,42
Qunh Chu
Ngh An
409
112
3,65
Qunh Lu
Ngh An
323
91
3,54
Qunh Nhai
Sn La
171
66
2,59
Sa Pa
Lo Cai
204
74
2,76
Sng M
Sn La
199
74
2,69
Sn ng
Bc Giang
311
79
3,93
Sn La
Sn La
304
97
3,13
Sn Ty
Sn Ty
326
72
3,13
Snh H
Lai Chu
219
80
2,73
Tam o
Vnh Ph
217
74
2,93
Tam ng
Lo Cai
193
64
3,01
Ty Hiu
Ngh An
269
81
3,31
Thi Bnh
Thi Bnh
150
88
1,70
Thi Nguyn
Thi Nguyn
329
87
3,78
Thanh Ho
Thanh Ho
298
89
3,35
Tht Kh
Lng Sn
166
59
2,81
Thun Chu
Sn La
161
66
2,43
Tin Yn
Qung Ninh
355
84
4,22
Trng Khnh
Cao Bng
282
84
3,36
Tun Gio
in Bin
255
91
2,80
Ta Cha
in Bin
64
35
1,82
Tuyn Quang
Tuyn Quang
307
96
3,20
Vn Chn
Yn Bi
399
90
3,77
Tn i trm
Tnh, thnh ph
Vn L
Nam nh
333
76
4,38
Vinh
Ngh An
221
83
2,90
Vnh Yn
Vnh Phc
207
78
2,65
Vit Tr
Ph Th
285
89
3,20
Yn Bi
Yn Bi
251
80
3,13
Yn Chu
Sn La
177
76
2,32
Ca ng
Qung Ninh
151
50
3,02
A Li
Tha Thin Hu
489
125
3,91
Bo Lc
Lm ng
95
Bn Tre
Bn Tre
Ngy
dng TB
44
Min Nam
TT
Bin Ho
ng Nai
Gi dng
TB nm
-
Bun M Thut
c Lc
260
116
2,24
C Mu
C Mu
256
123
2,08
Cam Ranh
Khnh Ho
55
40
1,38
Cng Long
Tr Vinh
289
135
2,14
ng Thp
ng Thp
397
111
3,58
Cn Th
Cn Th
207
90
2,30
Cn o
B Ra - Vng Tu
231
78
2,96
Lt
Lm ng
90
Nng
Nng
144
73
2,25
Hu
Tha Thin Hu
200
87
2,29
Kon Tum
KonTum
163
70
2,32
M Rc
c Lc
214
94
2,27
Min Ty
Ph Yn
191
91
2,10
M Tho
Tin Giang
309
118
2,62
Nam ng
Tha Thin Hu
430
141
3,04
Nha Trang
Khnh Ho
86,75
55
1,57
Phan Thit
Bnh Thun
154,75
71
2,17
Ph Quc
Kin Giang
234,50
107
2,19
Phc Long
Bnh Phc
261,50
116
2,25
Plyku
Gia Lai
206
94
2,19
Qung Ninh
Qung Ngi
166,75
102
1,63
Quy Nhn
Bnh nh
101,25
57
1,77
Rch Gi
Kin Giang
212,50
119
1,78
Sc Trng
Sc Trng
196,50
98
2,00
Tn Sn Nht
TP. H Ch Minh
192,50
122
1,57
Ty Ninh
Ty Ninh
263,25
105
2,50
Tn i trm
Tnh, thnh ph
K
-
127
Tr Mi
Qung Nam
Tuy Ho
Ph Yn
Vng Tu
B Ra - Vng Tu
325
131
2,48
77,75
57
1,36
312
93
2,27
128
%
100
95,5
98
95
2
90
1
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
5
4
3
2
1
0,5
0,1 2
3
70 80
4
100
5 6 7 8 9 10
20
30 40 50 60
Ghi ch:
(1) o ti Gia Sng, Thi Nguyn.
(2) o trn ng dy trn khng 220 kV min Bc Vit Nam.
130
%
100
95,5
98
95
90
80
2
1
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
5
4
3
2
1
0,5
2
3
4
0,1 70 80 100
5 6 7 8 9 10
20
30 40 50 60
Ghi ch:
(1) o ti Gia Sng, Thi Nguyn.
(2) o trn ng dy trn khng 220 kV min Bc Vit Nam.
in tr sut,
( .m)
(5,0 10).103
(1,2 3,0).102
(1,0 2,0).102
(0,5 1,0).103
(1,0 2,0).103
(0,04 1,0).103
(0,25 1,0)
in dn sut, =
1/
(S/m)
(0,1 2,0).10-3
(3,0 8,0).10-3
(5,0 10).10-3
(1,0 2,0).10-3
(0,5 1,0).10-3
(1,0 24).10-3
(1,0 4,0)
18
/ [1 + (t0 - 180)];
Trong :
t- in tr sut ca t nhit t0C;
18
133
s = 2 mm
0,61
0,60
0,59
0,57
s = 3 mm
0,59
0,58
0,57
0,.56
s = 5 mm
0,56
0,55
0,54
0,53
s = 8 mm
0,52
0,52
0,51
0,51
s = 12 mm
0,48
0,49
0,49
0,49
x(m)
s = 2 mm
s = 3 mm
s = 5 mm
s = 8 mm
s = 12 mm
0,15
0,25
0,50
1,00
0,68
0,65
0,63
0,61
0,65
0,63
0,61
0,60
0,62
0,60
0,59
0,58
0,59
0,57
0,56
0,55
0,55
0,54
0,54
0,53
g = 30
0,38
g = 45
0,36
g = 60
0,34
g = 90
0,33
0,25
0,50
1,00
0,38
0,37
0,37
0,35
0,35
0,35
0,34
0,34
0,34
0,33
0,33
0,33
g = 60
0.26
g = 90
0.23
g = 120
0.22
n=6
0.09
n=8
0.06
135
shield
cable
(a)
(b)
(d)
(e)
(c)
(f)
T0508870-99
136
Bng t vit tt
Ch vit
tt
EEC
EEE
AG/EEE
BG/EEE
BN
CBN
MBN
IBN
M-IBN
S -IBN
SPC
SPCW
LPZ
IT
TN
TN- C
TN- S
TN-C-S
Bonding Network
Common Bonding Network
Mesh Bonding Network
Isolated Bonding Network
Mesh- Isolated Bonding Network
Star - Isolated Bonding Network
Single Point Connection
Single Point Connection Window
Lightning Protection Zone
Insulation Terrestrial
Terrestrial Neutral
Terrestrial neutral combined
Terrestrial neutral separated
Terrestrial neutral combined and
separated
Terrestriated Terrestrial
TT
Ting Anh
Ting Vit
Cabin thit b in t
Cu trc che chn bo v thit b
in t
Cu trc che chn bo v thit b
in t t ni trn mt t
Cu trc che chn bo v thit b
in t t ngm di mt t
Mng lin kt
Mng lin kt chung
Mng lin kt mt li
Mng lin kt cch ly
Mng lin kt cch ly mt li
Mng lin kt cch ly hnh sao
im ni n
Ca s im ni n
Vng bo v chng st
Mng IT
Mng TN
Mng TN- C
Mng TN- S
Mng TN-C-S
Mng TT
137
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
138
13.
14.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
139