Ma trn trc giao: Ma trn vung cp n trn trng K gi l trc giao nu n tha mt trong cc iu kin tng ng sau: (i)

Cc ct l c s trc chun ca K n (ii) Cc dng l c s trc chun ca K n AT A = AAT = I n (iii) (iv) A1 = AT Bi 12: Cho A M n ( K ) . Chng minh rng a. A trc giao khi v ch AT trc giao b. Nu A trc giao th A1 trc giao c. Nu A trc giao th AB trc giao d. Nu A trc giao th A = 1 hoc A = 1 Bi lm a.

( ) Gi s A trc giao, khi ( AT )

= ( A1 ) = AT (do iv)
T

Suy ra AT trc giao. T T ( ) Gi s AT trc giao, ta xt AT A = AT ( AT ) = ( AT ) AT = I n = AAT (do iii) Suy ra A trc giao. b. Nu A trc giao th A1 trc giao

(A )

1 1

= ( AT )

= ( A1 )

Suy ra A1 trc giao. c. Nu A trc giao th AB trc giao T ( AB ) ( AB ) = BT AT AB = BT B = I n

( AB ) ( AB ) = ABBT AT = AT A = I n T T ( AB ) ( AB ) = ( AB ) ( AB ) = I n
T

Suy ra AB trc giao d. 2 ( det A) = det ( AT A) = det I n = 1 det A = 1