BANPHU

LI GII THIU
L nhng sinh vin nm cui chuyn ngnh in t t ng. chun b ra

trng chng em chn ti lm m hnh my qun ch lm quen vi cc thit b
m cc cng ty thng s dng khi ra trng khng b b ng nh trong m hnh
ny chng em c tip xc, lm quen vi mt s loi bin tn m trong cc cng ty,
n khng th thiu cho vic khi ng mm, lm ch tc h thng, v l bin php
tit kim nng lng rt hu hiu..., c tm hiu su hn v PLC, cc loi ng c,
cc linh kin ... v cch kt ni cc thit b ny li vi nhau.
Ni dung bo co gm:
Phn A: TM HIU V THIT K PHN CNG H THNG
Phn B: VIT LNH IU KHIN H THNG
Phn C: THIT K GIAO DIN GIM ST H THNG
NHN XT CA GIO VIN HNG DN

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Tp H Ch Minh. Ngy thng nm 2011.
Gio vin hng dn
Thc s Trn Vn Trinh
NHN XT CA GIO VIN PHN BIN

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Tp H Ch Minh, ngy thng nm 2011.
NHN XT CA HI NG
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Tp H Ch Minh. Ngy thng nm 2011.
MC LC
A.TM HIU V THIT K PHN CNG H THNG ............ 1

I.S KHI H THNG ................................................................................................. 1
II. TM HIU V THIT B .................................................................................................. 1
1.Tm hiu v bin tn delta VFD-L ...................................................................... 1

2. Tm hiu PLC S7-200 ...................................................................................... 10
3. Gii thiu c bn v ng c bc .................................................................. 29
4.Tng quan v ng c khng ng b ba pha: ............................................................ 42
4.1. Khi nim chung....................................................................................... 42
4.2. Cu to v c im ................................................................................ 42
4.3. Nguyn l lm vic ca ng c khng ng b .................................... 46
4.4. ng dng ................................................................................................. 51
III. CC MCH IU KHIN .......................................................................................... 52
B. VIT LNH IU KHIN H THNG ............................................. 54
C. THIT K GIAO DIN GIM ST H THNG ............................. 65
I. GII THIU V SCADA ..................................................................................... 65
II. Phn mm SCADA WinCC .................................................................................. 68
III. Xy dng d n trn WinCC 7.0 v PC ACCESS .............................................. 74
H THNG IU KHIN V GIM ST H THNG QUN CH
A. TM HIU V THIT K PHN CNG H THNG

I.
s khi ca h thng:
KHI IU XUNG
GIAO
DIN
WINCC
PLC
KHI CNG SUT
KHI CHP HNH
Cc thit b chnh:
Bin tn delta VFD-L.
PLC S7-200.
ng c bc.
ng c AC 3 phase.
II.
Tm hiu thit b:
1. Tm hiu v bin tn delta VFD-L:
a. Ci t bin tn DELTA:
Hnh 1: Bin tn Delta.

GVHD: Ths. Trn Vn Trinh

1.Thng s c bn.
Trn mi bin tn c nhng thng s c bn sau: Qua nhng thng s ny chng
ta c th bit c phin bn bin tn (A: standard, B: with EMI Filter ), in p
u vo l 220V hay 380V, 1 pha hay 3 pha, cng sut ng c tng ng. (v
d:
007 tc l ng dng cho ng c 0.75kw, 015 l ng dng cho ng c 1.5kw), di tn

s u ra. y l nhng hng dn s dng u tin m chng ta phi quan tm ti.
2. S ni dy.
Di y l 2 s kt ni bin tn. Mi s p dng cho cc phin bn c
ghi trn hnh v. V d s 1 p dng vi bin tn: VDF002L11A, VFD002L11B,
VFD004L21B, . nh hnh 2 a,b.
Hnh 2: S ni dy.

Chng ta c th thy s cc chn kt ni ca bin tn. Chn U/T1, V/T2,
W/T3 l 3 chn kt ni vi ng c. R/L1, S/L2, T/L3 l 3 chn cp ngun( vi in
p 1 pha th ch cn 2 trong s 3 chn). Chn M0, M1 dng iu khin ng c
chy thun/nghch hoc start/stop (ty vo ch ci t) bng cng tc ngoi. Chn
AVI, GND, +10V(+15V) dng tng/gim tn s bng trit p. Chn M2 dng
reset bin tn bng cng tc ngoi. M2, M3 dng la chn cc bc tn s, v d
khi M2=1 th tn s l 20Hz, M3=1 tn s l 30Hz, M2=M3=1 th tn s l 40Hz (cc
tn s ny c ci t ty theo yu cu). Ngoi ra chng ta c th ci t iu khin
bin tn bng cc phm nhn v trit p trn b mt ca bin tn.
Di y l s kt ni bng cc chn iu khin ngoi.
Hnh 3: S kt ni bng iu khin ngoi.

b. Ci t cc thng s cho bin tn:
1. Cc phm ci t ca bin tn.
ci t bin tn ta n phm PROG/DATA v 2 phm tng gim n cc
bc ci t ( v d 0-00,2-00,2-04). Sau khi ci t xong n phm MODE ghi
nh v kt thc ci t. Khi ci t bin tn ta cn quan tm n cc vn sau:

1.1. Ci t cc thng s ngi s dng.
1.2. La chn iu khin bng bn phm hay bng cng tc ngoi.
iu khin bin tn bng phm nhn th ta la chn n bc 2-01 v ci t

bc 2-01 l d0, bng cng tc ngoi l d1. iu khin tn s bng trit p trn rive
hay trit p ngoi ta la chn bc 2-00: d0-trit p trn drive, d3-trit p ngoi. Trong
thc t th bin tn thng hay c t trong cc t in v th ta phi iu khin
bng cng tc v trit p ngoi.
1.3. Ci t tn s
Thng s 1-00: l bc ci t tn s s dng max. V d ta ci t bc 1-00 l

80 th khi vn trit p ln mc ti a th tn s max l 80Hz. Tn s
50~400Hz.
Thng s -
Thng s -
2.5~255V).
-
3s.
1.4. Ci t cho php chy thun_nghch.
Bin tn c ci t mc nh chy thun. ci t cho php ng c chy thun_

nghch ta chn bc ci t 2-04. d0-l cho php chy ngc; d1-l khng cho php
chy ngc ; d2 l khng cho php chy thun.
1.5. t ch cho chn M0, M1, M2, M3.
Thng s -
1.
.
-
Thng s 5:
Thng s -
2=M3=1.
1.6. Ci t thng s plc.
Thng s 5-03: chn ch vn hnh plc, c 5 s la chon (d0:khng cho php

vn hnh plc, d1:thc hin 1 chu k lp trnh, d2:thc hin lin tc cc chu k lp trnh,
d3: thc hin 1 chu k lp trnh tng bc, d4: thc hin lin tc mt chu k lp trnh
tng bc).

1.7. Ci t thng s bo v.
Thng s 6-00: mc bo v qu p (d0: khng cho php 350v n 410v).

Thng s 6-01: mc bo v qu dng (d0: khng cho php 20 n 200%).
Thng s 6-02: ch pht hin qu momen, c 5 s la chn (d0: khng cho
php, d1:cho php s dng trong sut thi gian hot ng trong tc hng v tip tc
chy n khi t gii hn, d2:cho php s dng trong sut thi gian hot ng trong
tc hng v c tm ngh sau khi pht hin, d3:cho php s dng trong thi gian
tng tc v tip tc cho n khi t gii hn thi gian u ra, d4: cho php s dng
trong sut thi gian hot ng v ngng khi pht hin thy qu momen.
Thng s 6-03: mc pht hin qu momen (ta c th chn t 30 n 200%.).
Thng s 6-04: mc bo v qua momen ( ta c th chn t 0.1s n 10s).
Thng s 6-05 : chn rle qu ti nhit in t, c 3 thng s chn (d0: khng
s dng, d1:act vi ng c chun, d2:act vi ng c c bit).
Thng s 6-06 : c tnh nhit in ( t 60 n 600s ).

Thng s 6-07 : ghi nhn li hin ti, c 6 thng s chn la (d0: khng xut
hin li, d1:0c (pht hin khi qu dng), d2:0v (pht hin khiqu p), d3:oH (pht hin
khi qu nhit), d4:oL (pht hin khi qu ti),d5:oL1 (pht hin khi c nhit in t)).
Thng s 6-08 : ghi nhn li th 2 gn nht , c 6 thng s chn la (d0:
khng xut hin li, d1:0c (pht hin khi qu dng), d2:0v (pht hin khiqu p),
d3:oH (pht hin khi qu nhit), d4:oL (pht hin khi qu ti),d5:oL1 (pht hin khi c
nhit in t)).
Thng s 6-09 : ghi nhn li th 3 gn nht , c 6 thng s chn la (d0:
khng xut hin li, d1:0c (pht hin khi qu dng), d2:0v (pht hin khiqu p),
d3:oH (pht hin khi qu nhit), d4:oL (pht hin khi qu ti),d5:oL1 (pht hin khi c
nhit in t)).
1.8. Ci t thng s ng c.
Thng s 7-00: chn dng nh mc ca motor ( t 30 n 120%).

Thng s 7-01: ci t dng khng ti ca motor ( t 0 n 90%).
Thng s 7-02: chn gi tr b momen cho motor ( t 0 n 10%).
Thng s 7-03: chn gi tr b trt ( t 0.0 n 10).

1.9. Ci t cc thng s t bit.
2. Tm hiu PLC S7-200:

a. Gii thiu PLC S7-200:
L thuyt PLC th rt rng nn trong chng ny chng em ch trnh by nhng
khi nim c bn v nhng phn l thuyt lin quan PLC S7-200 loi CPU 224 c
s dng trong n ny.
Trong h thng t ng thng gp nhng thit b lm vic theo nguyn tc
tun t, tun theo nhng quy lut c thit k sn vi tn hiu vo nm hai mc c v
khng nh contact, relay, mch nh thi. Cc h thng ny s c s phc tp,
tin cy km, p ng khng nhanh, d hng v.vT nhng nm 70 p ng nhu
cu thc t sn xut, cc mch iu khin bng relay, b nh thi khng cn ph
hp, do b iu khin logic kh trnh (Programmable Logic Controller PLC) ra
i. Cc PLC i u ch thc hin cc php tnh logic, tn hiu vo l tn hiu ri rc.
Hin nay PLC cn thc hin c cc php tnh s hc, logic v lm vic vi tn hiu
vo l tn hiu lin tc. PLC S7-200 l mt trong nhng PLC mnh ca hng Siemens.
10

Ton b chng trnh c lu trong b nh ca PLC di dng cc khi
chng trnh con hoc chng trnh ngt ( Khi chnh OB1). Trng hp dung lng
nh ca PLC khng cho vic lu tr chng trnh th ta c th s dng thm b nh
ngoi h tr cho vic lu chng trnh v d lu ( Catridge).
c th thc hin c mt chng trnh iu khin ,tt nhin PLC phi c tnh
nng nh mt my tnh ,ngha l phi c mt b vi x l (CPU) ,mt h iu hnh
,mt b nh lu chng trnh iu khin ,d liu v tt nhin l phi c cc cng
vo ra giao tip vi cc i tng iu khin v trao i thng tin vi mi
trng xung quanh .Bn cnh nhm phc v cc bi ton iu khin s ,PLC cn
cn phi c thm nhng khi chc nng c bit khc nh b m ( Counter) ,b nh
thi ( Timer) V nhng khi hm chuyn dng.
b. Cc phn chnh PLC S7-200 .
- Khi CPU.
- Khi nh RAM, ROM, EPROM, EEPROM.
- Khi vo ra.
- Khi ngun.
- Khi m rng.
B nh chng trnh
Timer
B m vo
ra
Khi Vi X L trung
tm
+ H iu Hnh
B m
Bit c
Cng vo ra
Qun l ghp ni
Cng ngt v m tc
cao
11

Hnh 1.1: Cu to chung mt PLC.
CPU 224 c hai loi thng dng da vo k hiu trn np my bao gm:CPU
224 DC / DC / DC, CPU 224 AC / DC / RLY.
Loi CPU 224 DC / DC / DC: Cn c cp ngun in mt chiu DC 24V,
cc u vo v u ra cng cn c cp ngun in DC 24 V.
S u dy :
Hnh 1.2 : S u dy Loi CPU 224 DC / DC / DC

Loi CPU 224 AC / DC / RLY: Cn c cp ngun in xoay chiu mt pha
220ACV, cc u vo cn c cp ngun in DC 24 V v cc u ra l cc relay. S
u dy :
Hnh 1.3 : S u dy Loi CPU 224 AC / DC / RLY
12

1. B nh PLC S7-200:
B nh ca PLC thng c 3 vng nh chnh:
1.1 Vng nh cha chng trnh ng dng:
- OB1( Organisation block): vng nh cha chng trnh chnh, PLC lun qut
cc lnh trong vng nh ny.
- Subroutine ( chng trnh con): vng nh cha chng trnh con, chng
trnh con c thc hin khi c gi bi chng trnh chnh.
- Interrup ( chng trnh ngt): vng nh cha chng trnh ngt, chng trnh
ny s thc hin khi c mt ngt xy ra, nh: ngt Timer, ngt ca HSC
1.2 Vng nh cha tham s:
Thng thng c 5 vng nh sau:
- Vng nh I ( Process image input): vng d liu cc cng vo s, khi thc
hin chng trnh, PLC s c gi tr logic tt c cc cng u vo ri ct chng trong
vng nh I. Chng trnh s c gi tr logic cc cng vo thng qua vng nh I.
- Vng nh Q ( Process Image Output): vng nh m cho cc cng ra s. Khi
kt thc thc hin chng trnh, PLC s chuyn gi tr logic ca b m Q ti cc
cng ra s.
- Vng nh M: chng trnh s dng cc tham s ny cho vic lu gi cc bin
cn thit. Vng nh ny c th truy cp theo bit (M), byte (MB), t (MW) hay t kp
(MD).
- Vng nh T (Timer): dng lu tr gi tr t trc, gi tr hin ti cng nh
gi tr u ra ca Timer.
- Vng nh C ( Counter): dng lu tr gi tr t trc, gi tr hin ti cng
nh gi tr u ra ca Counter.
13

1.3 Vng cha cc khi d liu:
- Data Block: vng cha d liu c chia thnh khi. Kch thc do ngi s
dng quy nh. Vng nh ny c th truy cp theo tng bit (DBX), byte(DBB), t
(DBW) hoc t kp (DBD).
- Local Data Block: vng d liu a phng, cc khi chng trnh chnh,
chng trnh con, chng trnh ngt s dng v t chc cho cc bin nhp tm thi.
Ni dung ca khi d liu trong vng nh ny khi kt thc chng trnh tng ng
trong chng trnh chnh, chng trnh con hay chng trnh ngt. Vng nh ny c
th truy cp theo tng bit (L), byte(LB), t (LW) hoc t kp (LD).
c. Gii thiu phn mm lp trnh cho PLC S7-200
1. phn mm STEP7- MicroWIN32:
a. Giao din phn mm:
mt h thng PLC c th thc hin c mt qu trnh iu khin no th
bn thn n phi bit c n cn phi lm g v lm nh th no.Vic truyn thng
tin v h thng v d nh quy trnh hot ng cng nh cc yu cu km theo cho PLC
ngi ta gi l lp trnh.V c th lp trnh c cho PLC th cn phi c s giao
tip gia ngi v PLC.
Vic giao tip ny phi thng qua mt phn mm gi l phn mm lp trnh. Mi
mt loi PLC hoc mt h PLC khc nhau cng c nhng phn mm lp trnh khc
nhau.i vi PLC S7-200, SIEMEN xy dng mt phn mm c th lp trnh
cho h PLC loi ny. Phn mm ny c tn l STEP7- MicroWIN32.
Ngoi vic phc v lp trnh cho PLC S7-200, phn mm ny cn c rt nhiu
cc tnh nng khc nh cc cng c g ri, kim tra li, h tr nhiu cch lp trnh vi
cc ngn ng khc nhau
Phn mm ny cng c xy dng mt phn tr gip (Help) c th ni l rt
y , chi tit v tin dng. Ngi dng c th tra cu cc vn v PLC S7-200 mt
cch rt nhanh chng, r rng v d hiu.
c th thc hin phn mm lp trnh STEP7- MicroWIN32 ta c 2 cch:
14

Cch 1:
Vo Start Simatic STEP7- MicroWIN32 V3.2.0 STEP7- MicroWIN32.
Cch 2: Chy thng qua biu tng trn Desktop.
M, to mi, lu
mt CT iu
khin
Down
load/Upload
Cng c kt
ni cc lnh
Nt thay i
trng thi lm
vic ca PLC
Nt kim tra trng thi

ca chng trnh.
Vng son tho
Cc khi
chng trnh
chc nng
b. mt s chc nng quan trng:

- Program Block:
Khi click chut vo nt ny ta s tr v c vng son tho
chng trnh. vng ny ta c th thm bt cc u vo/ra, cc bin,
cc lnh, hm thc hin chng trnh iu khin.
15

y ta c th thay i cch m my tnh truyn thng vi
PLC S7-200 (PPI, MPI, tc truyn) hoc kim tra c hay khng s
truyn thng gia my tnh v PLC S7-200 (kim tra s c mt ca PLC
hay khng).
- Symbol Table:
Click chut vo y, ta s c mt bng m
ta c th nh ngha cc tn bin v t a
ch tng ng cho cc bin c th d nh
v d kim tra.Cc bin ny c th l cc u vo/ra, cc
bin trung gian
- Khi hm, lnh:
y l mt trong nhng thnh phn quan trng nht
ca STEP7- MicroWIN32. N bao gm ton b cc lnh v
khi hm ca STEP7- Micro WIN32 c th to c mt
chng trnh iu khin cho PLC S7-200.
Ngi dng c th tm thy cc lnh hoc hm mnh
cn da trn cc nhm c cng chc nng m STEP7MicroWIN32 phn loi sn.
Trong thng dng nht l cc khi:
+ Bit Logic: bao gm cc lnh lm vic vi bit v thc
hin cc php ton logic nh AND, OR, NOT
+ Timer: y l khi lnh lm vic vi cc loi timer ca S7-200.
+ Counter: y l khi lnh lm vic vi cc loi timer ca S7-200
+ Move: cc khi lnh dng di chuyn d liu t vng nh ny sang vng nh
khc ca PLC.
+ Interger Math, Floating-Point Math: nhm lnh lm vic vi s nguyn 16bit,
32bit v s thc. Nhm lnh ny thc hin cc php ton s hc nh +, -, ,
16

+ Compare: bao gm cc khi lnh dng so snh d liu nh >, <, =, , ...
Ngoi ra cn cc khi khc cng rt quan trng chng ta c th tham kho thm
phn Help ca STEP7- MicroWIN32.
c th bit mt khi hm hoc lnh lm vic nh th no v iu kin km
theo chng ta chn khi hm, lnh v nhn F1.
2.Lnh logic vi bit
a. Cng tc
Cng tc thng m (Normally Open,
vit tt l NO) v cng tc thng ng
(Normally Closed, vit tt l NC). i vi
PLC, mi cng tc i din cho trng thi
mt bit trong b nh d liu hay vng nh
ca cc u vo, ra. Cng tc thng m s
ng (ON - ngha l cho dng in i qua)
khi bit bng 1 cn cng tc thng ng s
ng (ON) khi bit bng 0.
Trong LAD, cc lnh ny c biu din bng chnh cc cng tc thng m v
thng ng. Trong FBD, cc cng tc thng m c biu din nh cc u vo
hoc ra ca cc khi chc nng AND hoc OR. Cng tc thng ng c thm du
o (vng trn nh) u vo tng ng.
Trong STL, cc cng tc thng m c s dng trong cc lnh LOAD, AND
hoc OR. Lnh LOAD ghi gi tr bit c nh a ch bi ton hng ca lnh vo
nh ngn xp, nhng gi tr c trong ngn xp b y xung mt bc (gi tr di
cng s mt). Cc lnh AND v OR thc hin php ton logic AND hay OR gia gi
tr c tr n bi ton hng vi nh ngn xp, kt qu c ghi vo nh ngn
xp, nhng gi tr c trong ngn xp b y xung mt bc. Hon ton tng t i
vi cc cng tc thng ng, c s dng trong cc lnh LOAD NOT, AND NOT
v OR NOT (gi tr c tr n bi ton hng s b o).
17

b. Cng tc tc khc
Trong STL, cc cng tc thng m tc khc c s dng trong cc lnh
LOAD IMMEDIATE (ghi gi tr u vo vt l vo nh ngn xp, nhng gi tr c
trong ngn xp b y xung mt bc (gi tr di cng s mt)), AND IMMEDIATE
hoc OR IMMEDIATE (thc hin php ton l gic And hay Or gia gi tr u vo
vt l vi nh ngn xp, kt qu c ghi vo nh ngn xp, nhng gi tr c trong
ngn xp b y xung mt bc). Hon ton tng t i vi cc cng tc thng
ng tc khc, c s dng trong cc lnh LOAD NOT IMMEDIATE, AND NOT
IMMEDIATE v OR NOT IMMEDIATE (gi tr u vo vt l b o).
c. Lnh o bit, lnh sn
Lnh o thay i dng nng lng (Power Flow). Nu dng nng lng gp
lnh ny, n s b chn li. Ngc li nu pha trc lnh ny khng c dng nng
lng, n s tr thnh ngun cung cp dng nng lng. Trong LAD, lnh ny c
biu din nh mt cng tc. Trong FBD, lnh o khng c biu tng ring. N c
tch hp nh l u vo o ca nhng khi chc nng khc (vi vng trn nh u
vo ca cc khi chc nng ). Trong STL, lnh o o gi tr ca nh ngn xp: 0
thnh 1 v 1 thnh 0.
Lnh ny khng c ton hng.
Lnh sn: u thuc nhm lnh cc cng tc, ghi nhn trng thi cc bit d liu
(0 hay 1), quen thuc vi khi nim mc. Cc lnh v sn ghi nhn khng phi
mc n thun m l s bin i mc. Lnh sn dng (Positive Transition) cho
dng nng lng i qua trong khong thi gian bng thi gian mt vng qut khi
u vo ca n c s thay i mc t 0 ln 1. Lnh sn m (Negative Transition)
cho dng nng lng i qua trong khong thi gian bng thi gian mt vng qut khi
u vo ca n c s thay i mc t 1 xung 0. Trong LAD, cc lnh ny c
18
biu din cng nh cc cng tc.Trong FBD, cc lnh ny c biu din bng
cc khi chc nng P v N. Trong STL, lnh Edge Up, nu pht hin c s thay i
mc ca nh ngn xp t 0 ln 1, s t vo nh ngn xp gi tr 1. Trong trng hp
ngc li, n t vo gi tr 0. Tng t, lnh Edge Down, nu pht hin c s thay
i mc ca nh ngn xp t 1 xung 0, s t vo nh ngn xp gi tr 1. Trong
trng hp ngc li, n cng t vo gi tr 0.
Ch : Theo cu trc hot ng ca PLC, s thay i mc tt nhin ch c pht
hin gia cc vng qut lin tip. Do mi lnh sn ny cn mt bit nh nh
trng thi u vo ca n vng qut k trc. V c tnh ny m tng s lnh sn
c s dng trong mt chng trnh b hn ch (do dung lng b nh dnh cho
chng c hn).
d. Coil:
Lnh ra
19

Gi tr bit c nh a ch bi ton hng ca lnh ra phn nh trng thi ca
dng nng lng (Power Flow) u vo lnh ny. Trong LAD v FBD, lnh ra t
gi tr bit c tr n bi ton hng ca n bng gi tr dng nng lng u vo
ca lnh. Trong STL, lnh ra sao chp gi tr nh ngn xp ra gi tr bit c tr n
bi ton hng ca lnh.
Lnh ra tc khc
Gi tr u ra ri rc (digital) vt l c nh a ch bi ton hng ca lnh ra
trc tip phn nh trng thi ca dng nng lng (Power Flow) u vo lnh ny.
Trong LAD v FBD, lnh ra trc tip t ng thi gi tr u ra vt l c tr n
bi ton hng ca n v bit nh ca u ra ny bng gi tr dng nng lng u
vo ca lnh. iu khc vi lnh ra thng thng ch lnh ra thng thng ch
ghi gi tr vo bit nh ca u ra. Trong STL, lnh ra trc tip sao chp gi tr nh
ngn xp ra ng thi gi tr u ra vt l c tr n bi ton hng ca lnh v bit
nh ca u ra ny.
Lnh Set, Reset
Cc lnh SET v RESET t mt s cc bit lin tip trong b nh d liu
thnh 1 (Set) hay 0 (Reset). S lng cc bit c nh bi ton hng [N] v bt u t
bit c nh a ch bi ton hng [bit]. S lng cc bit c th Set hoc Reset nm
trong khong t 1 n 255. Trong trng hp s dng lnh Reset vi cc bit nm
trong nhng vng T hay C, cc b nh thi hay b m tng ng s b reset. Ngha
l bit trng thi ca chng c a v 0 v s ang m cng b xa (s c gi tr 0).
Nhng li c th c gy nn bi cc lnh ny (ENO = 0):
+ Bit c bit SM4.3 = 1: li Run - Time.
+ Li 0006: a ch gin tip.
+ Li 0091: ton hng vt qu gii hn cho php.
Lnh Set, Reset Immediat
20

Cc lnh SET IMMEDIATE v RESET IMMEDIATE t mt s cc u ra ri
rc (digital) vt l lin tip thnh 1 (Set) hay 0 (Reset). S lng cc u ra c nh
bi ton hng [N] v bt u t u ra c nh a ch bi ton hng [bit]. S lng
cc u ra vt l c th Set hoc Reset nm trong khong t 1 n 12.
K t I trong nhng lnh ny (Immediate) ni ln tnh tc thi. Cc lnh ny
ghi gi tr mi ra cc u ra vt l ng thi ghi c vo cc gi tr nh ca chng.
iu khc vi nhng lnh Set v Reset thng thng ch ghi gi tr mi vo vng
nh ca cc u ra.
+ Li 0091: ton hng vt qu gii hn cho php.
e. Lnh so snh:
So snh Byte: Lnh so snh Byte dng so snh 02 gi tr dng byte c nh
a ch bi hai ton hng u vo ca lnh: [IN1] v [IN2]. C tt c 06 php so snh
c th c thc hin: [IN1] = [IN2], [IN1] >= [IN2], [IN1] <= [IN2], [IN1] >
[IN2], [IN1] < [IN2], [IN1] <> [IN2]. Cc byte c em so snh l nhng gi
tr khng du. Trong LAD, lnh ny c dng mt cng tc v cng tc ng (ON)
khi iu kin em so snh c gi tr ng.
Trong FBD, u ra s c gi tr 1 nu iu kin em so snh l ng. Trong STL,
lnh c thc hin s ghi gi tr 1 vo nh ngn xp (vi nhng lnh Load) hoc
thc hin php ton lgic AND hay OR (ty theo lnh c th) gi tr 1 vi nh ngn
xp nu iu kin so snh ng. So snh s nguyn (Integer): Lnh so snh s nguyn
dng so snh 02 gi tr dng Integer c nh a ch bi hai ton hng u vo
ca lnh: [IN1] v [IN2]. C tt c 06 php so snh c th c thc hin: [IN1] =
[IN2], [IN1] >= [IN2], [IN1] <= [IN2], [IN1] > [IN2], [IN1] < [IN2], [IN1] <> [IN2].
Cc s nguyn c em so snh l nhng gi tr c du: 16#7FFF > 16#8000.
So snh t kp (Double Word): Lnh so snh t kp dng so snh 02 gi tr dng
21

Double Word c nh a ch bi hai ton hng u vo ca lnh: [IN1] v [IN2].
C tt c 06 php so snh c th c thc hin: [IN1] = [IN2], [IN1] >= [IN2], [IN1]
<= [IN2], [IN1] > [IN2], [IN1] < [IN2], [IN1] <> [IN2].
Cc gi tr t kp c em so snh l nhng gi tr c du: 16#7FFFFFFF >
16#80000000.So snh s thc (Real): Lnh so snh s thc dng so snh 02 gi tr
dng Real c nh a ch bi hai ton hng u vo ca lnh: [IN1] v [IN2]. C
tt c 06 php so snh c th c thc hin: [IN1] = [IN2], [IN1] >= [IN2], [IN1]
<= [IN2], [IN1] > [IN2], [IN1] < [IN2], [IN1] <> [IN2]. Cc s thc c em so
snh l nhng gi tr c du theo kiu du phy ng.
f. Lnh nh thi:
SIMATIC S7-200 c 03 loi b nh thi:
- B ng tr (On - Delay Timer) TON
- B ng tr c nh (Retentive On - Delay Timer) TONR
- B ngt tr (Off - Delay Timer) TOF
Cc b ng tr v ng tr c nh bt u m thi gian khi c u vo EN
(Enable) mc 1 (ON). Lc gi tr m c ln hn hoc bng gi tr t trc ti
u vo PT (Preset Time) th bit trng thi s c t bng 1 (ON). iu khc nhau
gia hai loi b ng tr ny l: b ng tr bnh thng s b reset (c gi tr
ang m ln bit trng thi u b xa v 0) khi u vo EN bng 0; trong khi b
nh thi c nh lu li gi tr ca n khi u vo EN bng 0 v tip tc m nu u
vo EN li bng 1. Nh vy ta c th dng loi c nh cng thi gian nhng lc
u vo EN bng 1. Loi b nh thi ny c th reset (xa gi tr ang m v 0) bng
lnh R (Reset). C hai loi b ng tr vn tip tc m thi gian ngay c sau khi
t n gi tr t trc PT v ch dng m khi t gi tr ti a 32767 (16#7FFF).
B ngt tr dng a gi tr u ra (bit trng thi) v 0 (OFF) tr mt khong
thi gian sau khi u vo (EN) i v 0. Khi u vo EN c t bng 1 (ON) th bit
trng thi ca b ngt tr cng bng 1 ngay lc ng thi gi tr m ca n b xa
v 0. Khi u vo EN v 0, b nh thi bt u m v m cho n khi t gi tr t
22

trc PT. Lc bit trng thi ca b ngt tr s v 0 ng thi n cng ngng m.
Nu u vo EN ch bng 0 trong khong thi gian ngn hn thi gian c t ri
quay li bng 1 th bit trng thi ca b nh thi vn gi nguyn bng 1. B ngt tr
ch bt u m khi c sn thay i t 1 thnh 0 u vo EN.
Nu b ngt tr trong vng mt SCR (Sequence Control Relay) v vng SCR
khng c kch hot th gi tr m ca n c xa v 0, bit trng thi cng bng
0 (OFF) v b nh thi khng m. Khi nim vng SCR s c nh ngha phn
sau ca ti liu ny.
Thi gian tr c tnh nh l tch ca gi tr ang m vi phn gii ca ca
b nh thi. Nhng b nh thi c nh c a ch c qui nh ring. Nhng b
nh thi cn li (khng nh) c th c khai bo nh l b ng tr hoc ngt tr,
nhng khng th l c hai. V d khng th c TON 33 v TOF 33 ng thi.
Lnh Reset (R) c th c s dng reset bt k b nh thi no. Cc b nh
thi c nh (loi TONR) ch c th reset bng lnh ny. Cc b nh thi sau khi
reset c bit trng thi cng nh gi tr m u c xa v 0. Cc b ngt tr (TOF)
ch bt u m khi c s thay i t 1 xung 0 u vo IN. Cc b nh thi c
phn gii khc nhau c cch hot ng cng khc nhau
g. Lnh b m:
Ba loi b m: b m ln (Count Up), b m xung (Count Down) v loi
b m c th va m ln va m xung (Count Up / Down).
B m ln m cho n gi tr ti a ca n (32767) mi khi c sn ln u
vo m ln (CU). Khi gi tr m (Cxxx) ln hn hoc bng gi tr t trc (PV)
th bit trng thi (Cxxx) s c gi tr 1 (ON). B m c th b xa (reset) bi mc 1
u vo reset (R), lc c gi tr m ln bit trng thi s b xa v 0.
B m xung m t gi tr t trc (PV) mi khi c sn ln u vo m
xung (CD). Khi gi tr m (Cxxx) bng 0, bit trng thi (Cxxx) s bng 1 ng
thi b m ngng m. Mc cao u vo LD xa bit trng thi v 0 v ti gi tr t
trc PV vo gi tr m.
23

B m va m ln va m xung m ln khi c sn ln u vo m ln
(CU) v m xung khi c sn ln u vo m xung (CD). Khi gi tr
m (Cxxx) ln hn hoc bng gi tr t trc (PV) th bit trng thi (Cxxx) s
c gi tr 1 (ON). B m c th b xa (reset) bi mc 1 u vo reset (R), lc
c gi tr m ln bit trng thi s b xa v 0.
S hiu cc b m: C0 n C255. Trong CPU 221, 222 v 224 mi b m c
xc nh loi ty theo lnh khai bo nhng khng th khai bo cc b m loi khc
nhau vi cng mt a ch (trong vng C).
Trong STL, u vo reset (R) ca b m tin l bit nh ca ngn xp v u
vo m ca n (CU) l bit th hai ca ngn xp. Trong STL, u vo ti (LD) ca b
m li l bit nh ca ngn xp v u vo m ca n (CD) l bit th hai ca ngn
xp. Trong STL, u vo reset (R) ca b m va m tin va m li l bit nh
ca ngn xp, u vo m li ca n (CD) l bit th hai ca ngn xp v u vo m
tin ca n (CU) l bit th ba ca ngn xp.
Cc b m cn c th b reset bi lnh Reset. B m va tin va li khi m
n gi tr ti a (32767) m tip tc m ln thi s m s nhy sang gi tr ti thiu
(-32768) v tip tc m bnh thng. Tng t, nu n m li khi gi tr nh
nht (-32768) th s m s nhy thnh gi tr ln nht (32767).
h. Lnh dch chuyn nh :
Cc lnh dch chuyn mt Byte, mt t n (Word), mt t kp (Double
Word) hay mt s thc (Real):
Lnh dch chuyn mt Byte, Move Byte, sao chp ni dung nh kch thc mt
byte c nh a ch u vo IN ln nh kch thc mt byte c nh a ch
u ra OUT. Ni dung byte nh a ch [IN] khng thay i. Tng t cho cc cu
lnh vi W, DW.
Lnh dch chuyn mt S thc, Move Real, sao chp s thc kch thc 32 bit
c nh a ch u vo IN ln s thc kch thc 32 bit c nh a ch u ra
OUT. S thc a ch [IN] khng thay i.
24

Lnh dch chuyn mt khi cc byte, Block Move Byte: sao chp ni dung mt
s cc nh lin tip (xc nh bi ton hng u vo N), mi kch thc mt
byte vi byte u tin c nh a ch u vo IN ln khi cc nh lin tip
kch thc mi nh mt byte v byte u tin c nh a ch u ra OUT. S
lng cc byte c th sao chp nm trong khong t 1 n 255.
Lnh dch chuyn mt khi cc t n, Block Move Word, sao chp ni dung
mt s cc nh lin tip (xc nh bi ton hng u vo N), mi kch thc mt
word vi word u tin c nh a ch u vo IN ln khi cc nh lin tip
kch thc mi nh mt word v word u tin c nh a ch u ra OUT. S
lng cc word c th sao chp nm trong khong t 1 n 255.
Lnh dch chuyn mt khi cc t kp, Block Move Double Word, sao chp ni
dung mt s cc nh lin tip (xc nh bi ton hng u vo N), mi kch
thc mt t kp vi t kp u tin c nh a ch u vo IN ln khi cc
nh lin tip kch thc mi nh mt t kp v t kp u tin c nh a ch
u ra OUT. S lng cc t kp c th sao chp nm trong khong t 1 n 255.
k. Lnh ton s hc
l. Cng, Tr, Nhn, Chia s nguyn, s thc
Cc lnh ny cng (Add) hay tr (Subtract) hai s nguyn c nh a ch
cc u vo IN1 v IN2, kt qu lu vo s nguyn c nh a ch bi u ra OUT.
[IN1] + [IN2] = [OUT]
[IN1] - [IN2] = [OUT]
Nhng li c th c gy nn bi lnh ny (ENO = 0):
25

+ Bit c bit SM1.1 = 1: li trn (Overflow).
Nhng bit nh c bit c ni dung b nh hng bi lnh ny:
+ SM1.0 (Zero): bng 1 nu kt qu bng 0.
+ SM1.1 (Overflow): bng 1 nu kt qu b trn.
+ SM1.2 (Negative): bng 1 nu kt qu l s m.
Cc lnh ny cng (Add) hay tr (Subtract) hai s nguyn 32 bit c nh a
ch cc u vo IN1 v IN2, kt qu lu vo s nguyn 32 bit c nh a ch bi
u ra OUT.
[IN1] + [IN2] = [OUT]
[IN1] - [IN2] = [OUT]
Cc lnh nhn (Multiply) hay chia (Divide) hai s nguyn 16 bit c nh a
ch cc u vo IN1 v IN2, kt qu lu vo s nguyn c nh a ch bi u ra
OUT. Trong php chia, s d b b qua. Bit bo trn s thnh 1 nu kt qu ln hn
mt s nguyn 16 bit. Nhng lnh ny khng c trong cc CPU 212, 214.
[IN1] * [IN2] = [OUT]
26

[IN1] / [IN2] = [OUT]
+ Bit c bit SM1.3 = 1: li chia cho 0 (Divide-by-zero).
+ SM1.3 (Divide-by-zero): bng 1 nu s chia bng 0.
Trong trng hp bit SM1.1 (Overflow) bng 1, kt qu s khng c ghi v cc bit
c bit khc lin quan n cc php ton (Zero, Negative, ...) u c xa v 0.
Trong trng hp bit SM1.3 (Divide-by-zero) bng 1, cc bit c bit khc
lin quan n cc php ton (Zero, Negative, ...) u c gi nguyn khng thay
i v cc ton hng u vo cng khng i.
Trong cc trng hp cn li, cc bit c bit ni trn s c gi tr phn nh trng
thi ca kt qu theo tnh nng ca chng.
Cc lnh nhn (Multiply) hay chia (Divide) hai s nguyn 32 bit c nh a
ch cc u vo IN1 v IN2, kt qu lu vo s nguyn 32 bit c nh a ch bi
u ra OUT. Trong php chia, s d b b qua.
Bit bo trn s thnh 1 nu kt qu ln hn mt s nguyn 32 bit. Nhng lnh
ny khng c trong cc CPU 212, 214.
[IN1] * [IN2] = [OUT]
27

[IN1] / [IN2] = [OUT]
Trong trng hp bit SM1.1 (Overflow) bng 1, kt qu s khng c ghi v
cc bit c bit khc lin quan n cc php ton (Zero, Negative, ...) u c xa v
0.
i v cc ton hng u vo cng khng i. Cc lnh Nhn, Chia hai s nguyn
(Integer) v ghi kt qu vo s nguyn di (Double Integer): Cc lnh ny nhn
(Multiply) hay chia (Divide) hai s nguyn 16 bit c nh a ch cc u vo
IN1 v IN2, kt qu lu vo s nguyn 32 bit c nh a ch bi u ra OUT. Trong
php chia, kt qu bao gm s d 16 bit cao v thng s 16 bit thp.
[IN1] * [IN2] = [OUT]
[IN1] / [IN2] = [OUT]
Trong STL, lnh MUL ch s dng 16 bit thp ca t kp [OUT] lm s nhn.
Tng t lnh DIV cng ch s dng 16 bit thp ca t kp [OUT] lm s b chia.
28

i v cc ton hng u vo cng khng i.
3. Gii thiu c bn v ng c bc:
3.1.Gii Thiu.
Hnh 3: hnh dng mt s loi ng c bc.

Step motor l loi ng c duy nht quay theo gc bc mt cch chnh xc.
Kch thc gc bc trong khong 0.9 n 900 . Hnh 3 minh ha loi ng c bc
n gin, cu to bn trong gm mt rotor v stator. Trong hnh rotor l mt nam
29

chm vnh cu, v stator l cc cun dy kch t. khi cun dy c kch s sinh ra t
trng lm rotor di chuyn thng hng vi n. Nu cc cun dy c kch ln lt
theo vng s lm rotor quay theo vng trn.
Step motor tht s hu ch trong vi ng dng iu khin, bi v khi iu khin ta
bit chnh xc v tr ca trc ng c m khng cn n sensor gim st, bng cch
m s bc thc hin.
Kch thc mi bc c xc nh bi s cc ca rotor v stator, mc khc step
motor khng tch ly sai s khi s bc tng ln. Hu ht cc ng c bc c iu
khin theo ch vng h.
Tuy nhin step motor c vn tc chm nn it khi s dng b gim t s truyn.
n v c trng truyn ng l 500 xung/ giy tng ng 150 r.p.m. Ta cng c
th iu khin ng c t 1rpm hoc thp hn mt cch chnh xc.
Step motor c 3 loi c bn l: nam chm vnh cu, bin t tr, hn hp. V c
bn chng ging nhau ch khc nhau cu to ca rotor.
3.2. Phn loi .
3.2.1 ng c bc nam chm vnh cu.
ng c nam chm vnh cu hay cn gi l ng c bc kiu tc dng s dng
nam chm vnh cu lm Roto.
Hnh 4.1 Cu to ng c bc nam chm vnh cu

Hot ng ca loi ng c ny nh sau: gi thuyt rng rotor ang nm v tr
vi cc nam ca nam chm quay ln trn. Khi cun dy Stator 1 c cp in, cc
30

nam ca Rotor b ht v pha n. Sau , ngt in cun 1 v tip tc cung cp in
vo cun Stator 2, do lc ht gia t trng ca nam chm v t trng ca cun dy
Stator, Rotor li thng hng vi cun Stator 2. Nh vy, Rotor s quay 900 mi bc
cho mi ln kch lin tip theo trnh t ca cc cc Stator. Ta c th o chiu ng c
nu thay i trnh t kch cc cc Stator.
Mt c tnh ca loi ng c ny l Rotor lun c khuynh hng thng hng vi
Stator ngay c khi khng cp in cho Stator. Ta c th cm nhn c lc ko ca t
trng khi xoay nh Rotor bng tay, n gi l lc hm. Mt u im ca ng c bc
l n c th s dng trong iu khin vng h m vn bit v tr chnh xc ca trc
ng c bng cch m s bc.
3.2.2 ng c bc nam chm vnh cu hai pha lng cc.
Hnh 4.2 ng c bc nam chm vnh cu hai pha lng cc.

ng c bc 2 pha lng cc c 2 cun dy nhng c 4 cc t.
ng c bc nam chm vnh cu 2 pha lng cc c s dng trong thc t
c s nh Hnh 4.2. Trong hnh 4.2, cun dy 1 gm 2 cc 1a v 1b nm i din
nhau khi cp in qua cun 1 vi cc tnh +1a -1b, cc 1a v 1b ln lt ng vai
tr l t trng bc v t trng nam, to lc ht v y rotor sp thng hng (v tr 1).
Cch n gin nht iu khin ng c loi ny l cp in vo ln lt hoc cun
1 hoc cun 2 ca stator. Nu mun ng c quay ngc chiu kim ng h (CCW) t
v tr 1, tip tc cp in cho cun 2 vi cc tnh +2a -2b, lc ny lc t trng s to
lc ht rotor quay n v tr 2. K tip, ta tip tc cp in vo cun 1 nhng ln ny
o cc tnh ca 2 cc 1a v 1b: -1a +1b, t trng lm rotor quay n v tr 3. Thut
31

ng lng cc c s dng v c s o cc tnh 2 cc ca mi cun (dng in ln
lt chy theo 2 chiu trn mi cun). Chui in p cung cp quay ng c c
minh ho nh bng sau:
Cp in
V tr
1a+
1b-
2a+
2b-
1a-
2b+
2a-
2b+
Nu c bng trn theo trnh t t trn xung, chui in p ln lt cung cp

vo cc cun dy s lm cho ng c quay ngc chiu kim ng h (CCW). Ngc
li, nu c t di ln trn, chui in p ln lt cung cp vo cc cun dy s lm
cho ng c quay theo chiu kim ng h (CW).
Phng php ny gi l phng php iu khin theo kiu 1 bc (wave dirve).
Ngoi ra iu khin ng c 2 pha lng cc, ta c th kch vo 2 cun dy cng
mt lc. Trong ch ny, rotor c ht ti gia 2 cc k bn gn nht. Phng
php ny gi l phng php iu khin theo kiu bc (full drive). Bng sau v
Hnh 4.3 s minh ho cho chui in p kch theo phng php ny:
32
Cp in
V tr
1a+ 1b- v 2a+ 2b-
1a- 1b+ v 2a+ 2b-
1a- 1b+ v 2a- 2b+
1a+ 1b- v 2a- 2b+
Trong kiu iu khin ny, 2 cun dy c kch cng lc. iu ny s to nhiu

momen xon hn kiu iu khin mt bc. Tuy nhin, dng cung cp cho ng c s
tng gp 2 ln v vic iu khin kh khn hn so vi phng php iu khin mt
bc.
C hai phng php trnh by trn gm 4 bc iu khin (quay 4 bc trn 1
vng). Bng cch kt hp 2 phng php trn, ng c quay ln lt n cc v tr 1,
1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 1, 1,2y gi l phng php iu khin theo kiu na bc
(hafl step). Khi iu khin theo phng php ny, ng c chy 8 bc trn mt vng.
Phng php iu khin theo kiu na bc c ng dng nhiu v n cho php
ng c tng 2 ln s bc.
V d: ng c bc 1.80/step. Nh vy, ng c quay 1 vng th cn ch kch
3600 /1.80 = 200 bc ch iu khin n bc. Khi iu khin bng phng
php half-step (na bc), ta cn phi kch 400 bc vi gc quay 0.90. Hnh 4.4 s
minh ho cho phng php half-step.
33
Cp in
V
tr
Hnh4.4 Phng php iu khin halfstep
1a+ 1b- v 2a- 2b-
1a+ 1b- v 2a+ 2b-
1a- 1b- v 2a+ 2b-
1a- 1b+ v 2a+ 2b-
1a- 1b+ v 2a- 2b-
1a- 1b+ v 2a- 2b+
1a- 1b- v 2a- 2b+
1a+ 1b- v 2a- 2b+
Vic gim gc bc ca ng c c
thc hin bng cch tng s cc ca rotor
nh Hnh 4.3 sau:
Gc bc ca ng c ny c tnh nh sau:
0
Stator c 4 cc. Gc gia 2 cc gn nhau: 360 = 900.

4
0
Rotor c 6 cc. Gc gia 2 cc gn nhau: 360 =600.

6
Vy ng c quay 900 - 600 = 300 mi bc.
34

Bn pha n cc l loi ng c bc c s dng ph bin nht.
ng c bc nam chm vnh cu n cc c 5 hay 6 u dy thng dng s
nh Hnh 4.3 c kt ni gia cho mi dy. Khi s dng cc kt ni gia ca cun
dy thng c cp vo ngun dng v hai u ca mi cun dy c ni xung
t, tu thuc vo u vo ni t ta s xc nh chiu quay rotor. Gi l ng c 4
pha v ng c c 4 cun dy c cung cp in mt cch c lp v thut ng n
cc c s dng v dng in lun chy qua cun Stator theo chiu nht nh.
Hnh 4.4 ng c bc nam chm vnh cu bn pha n cc

Cch n gin iu khin ng c bc 4 pha n cc l cung cp in cho
mt pha ti mt thi im theo trnh t nht nh (phng php wave drive).
Bng iu khin sau s minh ho cho qu trnh iu khin kiu mt bc:
Step
1a
2a
1b
2b
35
Hnh 4.5 Gin xung cc u dy tng ng 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b

Vic iu khin ng c bc 4 pha n cc th n gin hn ng c bc 2
pha lng cc. Mch driver cho ng c bc 4 pha n cc n gin l ng v ngt
cc cc ca Stator mt cch tun t, n khng phi o cc tnh ca cun dy Stator.
Tuy nhin, ng c bc 2 pha lng cc to momen xon ln hn do c lc y v
ko cng mt lc.
Lc xon ca ng c bc 4 pha n cc c th c tng ln nu 2 cun dy
k nhau c cung cp nng lng cng mt lc, to momen lm cho rotor quay n
nm gia 2 cc ca 2 cun dy. Tuy nhin, cch ny s tiu hao dng in gp 2 ln so
vi ng c bc 2 pha lng cc nhng cng ch lm momen xon tng khong
40%. Bng sau s minh ho cho phng php iu khin bc ny:
Step
1a
2a
1b
2b
36

Hnh 4.6 Gin xung cc u dy tng ng 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b
Bng cch xen k cc bc trong 2 ch iu khin mt bc v bc , ta c
th iu khin ng c quay vi gc bc nh hn 2 ln gc bc danh nh ca n.
Bng sau s minh ho cho kiu iu khin half-step ny:
Step
1a
2a
1b
2b
Da vo cu to ca ng c bc 2 pha lng cc v 4 pha n cc, ta thy

rng c th chuyn ch dng ng c 4 pha n cc thnh 2 pha lng cc v
ngc li bng cch :
Nu mun chuyn thnh ng c 4 pha t ng c 2 pha, ta c th ly ra mi
cun 1 u dy chung (common), u dy chung ny c ni vo im gia 2 cc
ca mi cun dy. Hai u dy common (2 v 5) c kt ni nh Hnh 4.5:
37

Nu mun s dng ch 2 pha lng cc th 2 u dy common (2 v 5)
khng dng.
Ngy nay, hu ht cc ng c bc nam chm vnh cu c gc bc rt nh.
Nhng loi ng c c gc bc nh ny c lm bng cch ghp chng hai rotor a
cc nh Hnh 4.7:
3.2.3 ng c bc c t tr bin thin (ng c bc bin t tr).

ng c bin t tr hay cn gi l ng c phn khng. Rotor ca loi ng c
ny khng s dng nam chm vnh cu, thay vo n s dng mt bnh rng bng
st. V khng s dng nam chm vnh cu -khng i hi rotor phi t ho- nn rotor
c th ch to vi nhiu hnh dng khc nhau. V c lm bng st nn mi rng
rotor s b ht v pha cc stator c cp in gn nht nhng vi lc ht yu hn
loi nam chm vnh cu. iu ny lm cho momen xon ca ng c bin t tr nh
hn momen xon ca ng c nam chm vnh cu.
Hnh 4.8 ng c bc bin t tr loi ba pha.

38

ng c bin t tr thng thng c 3 hoc 4 pha. Hnh 4.8 minh ho cho loi
ng c bin t tr 3 pha. Sator ca loi ng c ny c 3 mch t: v . Mi mch t
gm 4 cc t . Nh vy Stator ca ng c nh hnh 3 c 12 cc t. Ch , rotor c 8
rng trong khi stator c tt c 12 rng. y l cu to c bit ca ng c ny. Bi
vy, rng cu rotor s khng bao gi thng hng tng i 1-1 vi rng ca Stator, iu
ny ng vai tr quan trng trong hot ng ca loi ng c ny.
Hot ng ca loi ng c ny nh sau:
Hnh 4.9 ng c bc bin t tr ba pha 150

+ Khi mch t 1 c cung cp nng lng, rng A ca rotor s di chuyn
n thng hng vi cc ca 1.
+ K tip, khi 2 c cp in, rng B gn nht s di chuyn v pha n.
+ Nu tip tc cp in cho 3 , rotor s tip tc quay 150 theo hng ngc chiu
kim ng h bng cch ht rng C thng hng vi 3.Gc bc ca ng c bc bin
t tr l hiu s gia gc 2 cc rotor gn nht v gc 2 cc Stator gn nht. Gc bc
ca ng c c minh ho nh hnh 4.9 c xc nh l: 3600/8 600/12=150.
Bng cch s dng li thit k ny, ng c bc bin t tr c th t c
nhng gc bc rt nh, thm ch nh hn 10. Gc bc cng nh gip cho vic iu
khin v tr cng chnh xc hn.
ng c bc bin t tr c s khc bit so vi ng c nam chm vnh cu. V
rotor ca ng c bc bin t tr khng c t ho nn lc xon ca n yu hn lc
39

xon ca ng c nam chm vnh cu c cng gc bc. Mc du vy, n s khng c
lc xon hm (detent torque) khi tt ngun nh ng c nam chm vnh cu. C gc
bc nh v khng c lc xon hm nn ng c bin t tr d b mt bc. y l
vn cn c xem xt khi ng c ang vn hnh ch vng h. V th, nn
dng cc b iu khin vng kn cho loi ng c ny.
3.3. nh hng ca ti.

V iu khin theo kiu vng h nn i hi mi bc phi tht chnh xc, nhng
nu ti qu ln, ng c khng momen quay bc. Khi c xung iu khin t
vo, rotor ch quay nh ri b ko tr li v tr ban u, hin tng ny gi l b kt
(stalling).
Trong mi bc, momen ca ng c lun thay i, ph thuc vo gc ca trc,
tht vy, khi rotor hng thng hng vi cun dy c kch t th momen bng 0.
Hnh 5.3 minh ha s thay i momen khi cun dy b kch t.
Hnh 5 .1
Vn ny dn n mt trng thi l rotor c th b dng ti mt v tr no m
ti momen quay cn bng vi momen cn. Nu ti vt qu momen cc i ca
ng c s lm ng c b trt nhanh. Hnh 5.2a cho ta hai vn khi ta cho rotor tr
i mt xung kch hay cho xung kch ti sm hn nh hnh 5.2b. Vn th nht l
ti y c momen rt nh hoc khng c momen sinh ra, vn th hai l ti y rotor
s b cn bng v ta khng bit chc rng rotor s quay tri hay quay phi.
40
Hnh 5.2
Do bn thn rotor khng cho php tr qu 1/2 kch thc mt bc. Trong
thc t, momen ng (dynamic torque : l momen c ch khi ng c quay) ch bng
mt na momen gi (holding torque: momen gip gi rotor khi dng).
Kt lun:
T nhng c im phn tch trn, ta thy c nhng u im ln ca ng
c bc, th nht l iu khin vng h, th hai l xc nh v tr theo gc bc mt
cch chnh xc. Vn y l phi tnh ton momen quay sao cho ph hp vi ti,
khi iu khin khng xy ra hin tng trt bc.
Cng thc tnh momen tng qut: momen=lc*tay n.
Cng thc tnh momen xon i vi ng c bc:
T=h.sin(((/2)/S) )
Trong :
Tmomen xon.
hmomen xon gi
Sgc bc (tnh bng radian)
gc trc.
Vi ti ny, ta khng chn ng c DC v th nht cn phi c hi tip v khi h
thng hot ng, khi ta phi dng encorder, do s pht sinh chi ph thit k, th hai l
khi dng, ng c DC khng dng mt cch tc thi nh ng c bc, khi i hi ta phi
c mt phng php iu khin hp l, v trong ti ca ta vn v tr ca tng im rt
quan trng nn tnh cht dng tc thi ca ng c bc rt ph hp.
41

4. Tng quan v ng c khng ng b ba pha:
4.1. Khi nim chung.
ng c khng ng b 3 pha l my in xoay chiu ,lm vic theo nguyn l
cm ng in t , c tc ca rotor khc vi tc t trng quay trong my .
ng c khng ng b 3 pha c dng nhiu trong sn xut v sinh hot v
ch to n gin , gi r , tin cy cao , vn hnh n gin , hiu sut cao , v gn
nh khng cn bo tr. Di cng sut rt rng t vi Watt n 10.000hp . Cc ng c
t 5hp tr ln hu ht l 3 pha cn ng c nh hn 1hp thng l mt pha .
4.2.Cu to v c im:
1.Cu to:
Hnh 6.1: Cu to bn trong ng c KB
42

a) Phn tnh :
Stato c cu to gm v my, li st v dy qun
+ V my:
V my c tc dng c nh li st v dy qun, khng dng lm mch dn t.
Thng v my c lm bng gang. i vi my c cng sut tng i ln
( 1000kW ) thng dng thp tm hn li lm thnh v my. Tu theo cch lm ngui
my m dng v cng khc nhau.
+ li thp:
Li thp l phn dn t . V t trng i qua li thp l t trng quay nn
gim bt tn hao , li thp c lm bng nhng l thp k thut in dy 0,5 mm p
li . Khi ng knh ngoi ca li thp nh hn 990mm th dng c tm thp trn p
li . Khi ng knh ngoi ln hn tr s trn th phi dng nhng tm thp hnh r
qut ghp li thnh khi trn .
Mi li thp k thut in u c ph sn cch in trn b mt gim hao tn
do dng in xoy gy nn .Nu li thp ngn th c th ghp thnh mt khi nu li
thp qu di th ghp thnh nhng tm ngn mi tm thp di t 6 n 8 cm t cch
nhau 1cm thng gi cho tt .Mt trong ca l thp c s rnh dt dy qun .
+ Dy qun:
Dy qun stator c t vi cc rnh ca li thp v c cch in tt vi li
thp . Dy qun phn ng l phn dy bng ng c trong cc rnh phn ng v lm
thnh mt hoc nhiu vng kn .Dy qun l b phn quan trng nht ca ng c v
n trc tip tham gia vo qu trnh bin di nng lng t in nng thnh c nng .
ng thi v mt kinh t th gi thnh ca dy qun cng chim t l kh cao trong
ton b gi thnh ca my.
+ Cc yu cu i vi dy qun bao gm :
- Sinh ra c mt sc in ng cn thit c th cho mt dng in nht
nh chy qua m khng b nng qu mt nhit nht nh sinh ra mt moment
cn thit ng thi m bo i chiu tt .
43

- Trit tit kim vt liu , kt cu n gin lm vic chc chn an ton
- Dy qun phn ng c th phn ra lm cc loi ch yu sau :
+ Dy qun xp n v dy qun xp phc tp
+ Dy qun song n v dy qun song phc tp
Trong mt s my c ln cn dng dy qun hn hp l s kt hp gia hai
dy qun xp v song .
b) Cu to phn quay (roto):
+ Trc:
Lm bng thp, dng li st roto.
+ Li thp:
Gm cc l thp k thut in ging nh phn stato. Li thp c p trc tip
ln trc. Bn ngoi li thp c x rnh t dy qun.
+ Dy qun roto:
Rotor c 2 loi chnh : rotor kiu dy qun v rotor kiu lng sc.
Loi rotor kiu dy qun : rotor kiu dy qun (hnh 6.3 ) cng ging nh dy
qun ba pha stator v c cng s cc t dy qun stator .Dy qun kiu ny lun u
hnh sao ( Y ) v c ba u ra u vo ba vnh trt gn vo trc quay rotor v cch
in vi trc .Ba chi than c nh v lun t trn vnh trt ny dn in v mt
bin tr cng ni sao nm ngoi ng C khi ng hoc iu chnh tc .
44
Hnh 6.3 : rotor kiu dy qun

Rotor kiu lng sc ( hnh 6.4 ) : Gm cc thanh ng hoc thanh nhm t trong
rnh v b ngn mch bi hai vnh ngn mch hai u .Vi ng c nh ,dy qun
rotor c c nguyn khi gm thanh dn , vnh ngn mch, cnh tn nhit v cnh
qut lm mt .Cc ng c cng sut trn 100kw thanh dn lm bng ng c t
vo cc rnh rotor v gn cht vnh ngn mch .
c) Khe h khng kh :
V rotor l mt khi trn nn khe h u , khe h trong my in khng ng b
rt nh ( t 0,2mm n 1mm trong my in c nh v va ) hn ch dng in t
ha ly t li vo ,v nh vy c th lm cho h s cng sut ca my tng cao .
45

2. c im ca ng c khng ng b.
- Cu to n gin.
- u trc tip vo li in xoay chiu ba pha.
- Tc quay ca roto nh hn tc t trng quay ca stato n<n1.
Trong :
n tc quay ca roto.
n1 tc quay ca t trng quay ca stato(tc ng b ca ng c).
4.3. Nguyn l lm vic ca ng c khng ng b.
Khi c dng in ba pha chy trong dy qun stato th trong khe h khng kh
sut hin t trng quay vi tc n1 = 60f1/p (f1 l tn s li in ; p l s cp cc ;
tc t trng quay ) .T trng ny qut qua dy qun nhiu pha t ngn mch nn
trong dy qun rotor c dng din I2 chy qua . T thng do dng in ny sinh ra hp
vi t thng ca stator to thnh t thng tng khe h . Dng in trong dy qun
rotor tc dng vi t thng khe h sinh ra moment . Tc dng c quan h mt thit
vi tc quay n ca rotor . Trong nhng phm vi tc khc nhau th ch lm
vic ca my cng khc nhau . Sau y ta s nghin cu tc dng ca chng trong ba
phm vi tc .
H s trt s ca my :
s=
n1-n 1-
=
n1
1
Nh vy khi n = n1 th s = 0 , cn khi n = 0 th s = 1 ; khi n > n1 ,s < 0 v

rotor quay ngc chiu t trng quay n < 0 th s > 1 .
46
1. Roto quay cng chiu t trng nhng tc n < n1 ( 0 < s < 1)

Gi thuyt v chiu quay n1 ca t trng khe h v ca rotor n nh hnh 1.5a
.Theo qiu tc bn tay phi , xc inh c chiu sc in ng E2 v I2 ; theo quy tc
bn tay tri , xac nh c lc F v moment M . Ta thy F cng chiu quay ca rotor ,
ngha l in nng a ti stator , thng qua t trung bin i thnh c nng trn
trc quay rotor theo chiu t trng quay n1 , nh vy ng c lm vic ch ng
c in .
2. Roto quay cng chiu t trng nhng tc n > n1 (s < 0) .
Dng ng c s cp quay rotor ca my in khng ng b vt tc dng
b n > n1 .Lc chiu t trng quay qut qua dy qun rotor s ngc li , sc in
ng v dng in trong dy qun rotor cng i chiu nn chiu nn chiu ca M
cng ngc chiu n1 , ngha l ngc chiu vi rotor , nn l moment hm ( hnh
6.5b ).Nh vy my bin c nng tc dng ln trc ng c in ,do ng c s cp
ko thnh in nng cung cp cho li in ,ngha l ng c lm vic ch my
pht .
3. Roto quay ngc chiu t trng nhng tc n < 0 (s > 1)
V nguyn nhn no m rotor ca my in quay ngc chiu t trng quay
hnh 1.5c , lc ny chiu ca sc in ng v moment ging nh ch ng c
.V moment sinh ra ngc chiu quay vi rotor nn c tc dng hm rotor li . Trng
47

hp ny my va ly in nng li in vo , va ly c nng t ng c s cp
.Ch lm vic ny gi l ch hm in t .
4. Cc ng c tnh ca ng c khng ng b.
c tnh tc n = F(P2)
Theo cng thc h s trt ,ta c :
n = n1(1-s)
Trong : s = Pcu . Khi ng c khng ti Pcu << Pdt nn
Pdt
s ~ 0 ng c in
quay gn tc ng b n ~ n1 .Khi tng ti th tn hao ng cng tng ln n gim

mt t , nn ng c tnh tc l ng dc xung .
c tnh moment M=f(P2)
Ta c M = f(s) thay i rt nhiu .nhng trong phm vi 0 < s < sm th ng M =
f(s) gn ging ng thng ,nn M2 = f(P2) ng thng qua gc ta .
c tnh hiu sut
= f(P2)
Ta c hiu sut ca my in khng dng b :

=
P2 100%
P2+ P
48

P tng tn hao, nhng y ch c tn hao ng thay i theo ph ti cn cc
tn hao khc l khng i .
c tnh h s cng sut cos = f(P2) .
V ng c lun lun nhn cng sut phn khng t li .Lc khng ti cos rt
thp thng < 0,2 .Khi c ti dng in I2 tng ln nn cos cng tng .
5. Cc phng php khi ng ng c khng ng b.
a. Phng php i u dy qun.
Trong qu trnh vn hnh ng c in khi khi ng chng ta cn quan tm
n hai vn :
Gim thp dng in khi ng(qua h thng dydn chnh vo dy qun
stato ng c ) ngay thi im khi ng .
Phng php gim thp dng in khi ng thc cht l gim thp in p
cung cp vo ng c ti thi dim khi ng . Theo l thuyt chng ta c c quan
h :moment ( hay ngu lc) khi ng t l thun vi bnh phng gi tr in p hiu
dng cp vo ng c ,nh vy gim gi tr dng in khi ng dn ti hu qu gim
thp gi tr ca moment khi ng.
Trong thc t cc bin php gim dng khi ng c th chia lm hai dng
nh sau
Gim in p ngun cp vo dy qun stato bng phng php : bin p gim
p ,hay lp t cc phn t hn p(cu phn p)dng in tr hay in cm .
S dng b bin i in p xoay chiu 3 pha,dng linh kin in t iu
chnh thay di in p hiu dng ngun p 3 pha cp vo ng c .H thng khi ng
ny c gi l phng php khi ng mn (soft start) cho ng c
Cc phng php ra dy trn stato cua ng c khng ng b 3 pha :
ng c 3 pha 6 u dy ra ( u vn hnh theo mt trong hai cp in p
ngun 3 pha tng ng so vi s u Y hay
49

ng c 3 pha 9 u dy ra ( u vn hnh theo mt trong hai phng php :
u Y ni tip Y song song , ni tip - song song . )
ng c 3 pha 12 u day ra (u vn hnh theo mt trong bn cp in p
ngun 3 pha tng ng vi mt trong s u dy Y ni tip , Y song song ,
ni tip , song song )
b. Gim dng khi dng dng in tr gim p cp vo dy qun.
Mt trong cc bin php gim p l u ni tip din tr Rmm vi b dy qun
stator ti lc khi ng .tc dng ca Rmm trong trng hp ny l lm gim p t
vo tng pha dy qun stator .
Tng t nh phng php i s u dy gim dng khi ng phng
php gim p cp vo dy qun stator cng lm gim moment m my . Do tnh cht
moment t l bnh phng in p cp vo ng c . thng chng ta chn cc cp
gim p : 80 % ,64% , 50% cho ng c .Tng ng vi cc cp gim p ny ,moment
m my ch khon 65% ;50% v 25% gi tr moment m my khi cp ngun trc tip
bng nh mc vo dy qun stator .
c. Gim dng khi ng dng in cm gim p vo dy qun.
Trng hp ny gim p cp vo dy qun stator ti lc khi ng .Chng ta
u ni tip in cm ( c gi tr in khng )Xmm vi dy qun stator .
Do tnh cht moment t l bnh thng in p cp vo ng c, thng chng ta
chn cc cp gim p : 80%, 64%, v 50% cho ng c .Tng ng vi cc cp gim
p ny , moment m my ch cn khon 65%, 50%, v 25% gi tr moment m my
khi cp ngun trc tip bng ng nh mc vo dy qun stator .
d. Gim dng khi ng dng my bin p.
Vi cc phng php gim dng m my dng Rmm hay Xmm,dng in m
my qua dy qun cng chnh la dng in qua dy ngun . Khi s dng bin p gim
p t vo dy qun stator lc khi ng ,dng in m my qua dy qun gim thp
.Nhng dng in ny ch xut hin pha th cp bin p cn dng in qua dy ngun
chnh l dng qua s cp bin p.
50

Vi bin p gim p, dng in pha s cp s c gi tr thp hn dng in pha
th cp. Tm li khi dng my bin p gim p gim dng khi ng , dng in
m my qua dy ngun s thp hn dng in m my khi dng phng php gim
dng vi Rmm hay Xmm.
Khi dng bin p gim p gim dng khi ng thi gian hot ng ca my
bin p tn ti rt ngn ; chng ta c th s dng mt trong cc dng bin p t ngu
sau :
+ Bin p t ngu loi 3 pha 3 tr.
+ Bin p t ngu 3 pha do .
Tng t trng hp nu trong cc danh mc trn , my bin p gim p
c b tr nhiu cp in p ra tng ng vi cc mc 80%, 64% v 50% gi tr
moment m my trc tip ch cn khon 65%, 50%, 25% gi tr moment m my trc
tip (khi cp ngun trc tip bng ng nh mc cp vo stator ).
4.4. ng dng:
My in khng ng b l loi my in xoay chiu ch yu dng lm ng c
in( c bit l loi rotor lng sc) c nhiu u im hn so vi ng c DC. Do kt
cu n gin, lm vic chc chn, hiu sut cao, gi thnh h nn ng c khng ng
b l loi my c dng rng ri trong cng nghip, nng nghip , i sng hng
ngy.
Trong cng nghip, ng c khng ng b thng c dng lm ngun ng
lc cho cc my cn thp loi va v nh, cho cc my cng c cc nh my cng
nghip nh . . .
Trong nng nghip, c dng lm my bm hay my gia cng nng sn phm.
Trong i sng hng ngy, ng c khng ng b ngy cng chim mt v tr
quan trng vi nhiu ng dng nh: qut gi, ng c trong t lnh, my quay
da...Tm li, cng vi s pht trin ca nn sn xut in kh ha v t ng ha,
phm vi ng dng ca ng c khng ng b ngy cng rng ri.
51

III.
Cc mch iu khin:
S NGUYN L MCH CHUYN I IN P
S NGUYN L KHI IU XUNG
52

KHI CNG SUT IU KHIN NG C BC
53

A. VIT LNH IU KHIN H THNG:
S GII THUT:
54
55
56

CODE IU KHIN
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64

B. THIT K GIAO DIN GIM ST H THNG:
I. GII THIU V SCADA:
+ Khi nim Scada:
SCADA cung cp giao din ho gia ngi v qu trnh sn xut. Cc gi tr
ca qu trnh c trnh by di dng n bo, ch s, th v c lu tr.
Chc nng cnh bo gip thng bo cho ngi iu hnh cc s c. Chc nng
tng trnh to cc bo co cho cp trn. H thng c phn cp qun l theo ngi
dng vi mt m truy cp. Phn mm SCADA l phn mm a nhim, thng ci t
trn h iu hnh NT hay Windows XP, lin kt vi cc b iu khin qu trnh thng
qua cc driver truyn thng. Cc phn mm SCADA u phi c bn quyn, nu
khng ch chy ch demo. H thng SCADA c th thc hin theo ch mt
ngi dng hay nhiu ngi dng. Ch nhiu ngi dng (multi- user) gm nhiu
my tnh client ni mng vi my server. Phn mm SCADA c thit k c th
lin kt vi cc ng dng khc thng qua OCX, Active X, OLE (Object Linking and
Embedding), OPC (OLE for Process Control), DDE (Dynamic Data Exchange),
DCOM (Distrubuted Component Object Module), lin kt vi c s d liu thng qua
SQL (Structured querry Language), ODBC (Open Database Connectivity).
+ Cu trc tng th phn mm Scada:
Nhn chung phn mm SCADA gm cc phn t v tnh cht sau:
65

Thit k ho (Graphic Designer): to cc hnh v ca qu trnh, tnh
hay ng. y l phn mm ho hng i tng, c th nhp xut cc i tng
ho lin kt vi chng trnh khc.
Alarm Logging: Cung cp cc thng tin v s c di dng ch s v
loi s c v thi gian, lu tr cc s c trong c s d liu.
Tag Logging: nhn d liu t qu trnh hay cc bin trong hin th
dng bng hay th (trend) v lu tr. C hai loi tag l tag trong cc bin nh ca
chng trnh, tag qu trnh lin kt vi cc a ch vng nh ca PLC.
User Administrator: phn cp mc truy cp vo h thng bng password,
bo co lch s truy cp h thng.
Global Script: gip bin tp cc hm C lin kt vi s kin no .
Report Designer: to cc bo co v in n.
Text Library: son vn bn thng bo.
Communication driver: to kt ni gia SCADA v PLC hay RTU
(Remote Terminal Unit).
Redundancy: to d tha tng tin cy, v d dng hai my tnh
chy
phn mm SCADA song song.
Database: cha cc thng s c trng qu trnh.
Scalability: gip thay i thm bt thit b trong h thng.
Client/server: phn mm SCADA c ci trn nhiu my tnh ni mng
LAN theo ch nhiu ngi dng, gm nhiu client v mt server. My client nhn
d liu t server.
C nhiu phn mm SCADA c s dng rng ri, c th k FIX ca

Intellution, WinCC (Siemens), RSView (Allen Bradley), Intouch (Wonderware),
Think & Do (Think & Do Software)
+Mt s ng dng thc t ca Scada:
Scada trong iu khin trm trn b tng.
Scada trong h thng x l nc thi hoc lc nc .
66

Scada trong nh my luyn kim, cc nh my thu li .
B mn in t i hc Bch khoa Nng cng c cng trnh mi v
Scada l h thng Ovation Scada.
S phn cp ca 1 h thng scada:
+ Cu trc ca OPC server:

OPC(OLE for Process and Control) servers cung cp mt phng thc
tiu chun cho php nhiu ng dng cng nghip chia s d liu mt cch nhanh v
67

mnh m. Server OPC theo kiu ny c thit k p ng i hi trong mi
trng cng nghip.
Server OPC c thit k theo kiu chng trnh 2 phn. Phn chnh yu
cung cp tt c cc lin kt ca OPC v DDE v cn thm cc chc nng giao din
ngi dng. Phn th hai gm cc driver truyn thng. 2 phn ny cho php ta thm
vo nhiu la chn cho ng dng SCADA bng cch tn dng sn phm ca server
OPC n nh vic gim thi gian lm quen vi phn mm bng vi tin d n pht
trin.
K thut OPC phn nh c s chuyn i t nhng gii php ring
khp kn chuyn sang cu trc m m qua cung cp nhiu cng c c gi tr cao
da trn cc tiu chun ban hnh.
II.
Phn mm SCADA WinCC:
+ Xut x ca phn mm:

y l phn mm SCADA kh ni ting c ng dng rng ri trong cng
nghip do hng Siemens sn xut.
WinCC l ch vit tt ca Windows Control Center(Trung tm iu khin chy
trn nn Windows).Ni cch khc, n cung cp cc cng c phn mm thit lp mt
giao din iu khin chy trn cc h iu hnh ca Microsoft nh Windows NT hay
Windows 2000.Trong cc dng sn phm thit k giao din phc v vn hnh v gim
st,WinCC thuc th hng Scada High Class vi nhng chc nng hu hiu cho
vic iu khin.
+ c tnh ca WinCC:
Mt trong nhng c tnh c bn ca WinCC l c tnh m.N c th s dng
mt cch d dng vi cc phn mm chun v cc phn mm ca ngi s dng
vit,to nn giao din ngi-my p ng nhu cu thc t mt cch chnh xc.Nhng
nh cung cp h thng c th pht trin ng dng ca h thng qua giao din m ca
WinCC nh mt nn tng m rng h thng.
68

WinCC l s kt hp cc b quyt ca Siemens,cng ty hng u trong t ng
ho qu trnh,vi nng lc ca Microsoft, qu mnh trong vic pht trin phn mm
cho PC.
Ngoi kh nng thch ng cho vic xy dng cc h thng c qui m ln nh
khc nhau,WinCC cn c th d dng tch hp vi nhng ng dng c qui m ton
cng ty nh vic tch hp vi h thng cp cao MES(Manufacturing Excution SystemH thng qun l vic thc hin sn xut) v ERP(Enterprise Resource
Planning).WinCC cng c th s dng trn c s qui m ton cu nh h thng tr
gip ca Siemens c mt khp ni trn th gii.
+ u th ca WinCC so vi cc phn mm khc VN:
So vi cc phn mm Scada khc ang c mt ti Vit Nam nh Citect,
Wanderware,Fix-Intellution th WinCC c mt s u th sau:
- Phong ph v ti liu trong nc ln nc ngoi.
- ng dng nhiu trong cng nghip nn c sn mt s chng trnh c th
tham kho.
- Giao din d hiu tng t nh cc phn mm lp trnh hng i tng m
sinh vin hc nh Visual Basic, C
+ Cc chc nng c bn ca WinCC:
5 chc nng chnh yu:
- Graphic Designer: ha to giao din ng m phng cng nh iu khin
cc bin i tng.
- Alarm Logging:Hin th cc thng bo v cc li ca bin, cng nh m trch
chc nng lu tr v hi p thng tin ca cc qu trnh.
- Tag Logging:Ly v hin th d liu ca cc qu trnh thc thi.D liu c th
cung cp cc tiu chun v cng ngh v k thut quan trng lin quan n trng thi
hot ng ca ton h thng.
69

- Report Designer:C nhim v to cc thng bo, bo co v cc kt qu ny
c lu di dng nht k cc s kin.
- User Achivers:Cho php ngi s dng lu tr d liu t chng trnh ng
dng v c kh nng trao i vi cc thit b t ng ho khc.
Ngoi ra WinCC cn c thm cc Control, Smart Tool, OLEcho php nhng
cc chng trnh h tr gim st tng tnh hiu qu cho h thng.
III.
1.
Xy dng d n trn WinCC 7.0 v PC ACCESS:

To bin kt ni trong PC ACCESS: ng dng c bn trong vic kt ni
PLC vi PC thng qua chun giao tip OPC:

Khi ng PC ACCESS: START Simatic S7-200 PC Access V1.0.56
S7-200 PC Access.
70

Giao din chnh ca chng trnh:
To file mi: click phi vo MicroWin(com) chn New PLC:
Khi xut hin bng thng bo ta nhp tn file lin kt trn PC ACCESS nh sau:
71

Kch chut phi vo file va to to bin nh sau:
Trong ca s Item Properties, in START vo name v V48.1

( a ch truy xut trn PLC ) vo address, nhp OK:
72

Tng t ta c bin STOP:
Tip tc thc hin nh trn ta c cc bin y nh sau:
73

2.
Xy dng giao din trn WinCC 7.0:
u tin ta khi ng WinCC: vo Start Siemens Automation SIMATIC

WinCC WinCC V7.0, nh sau:
Giao din chnh ca chng trnh:
74

to mt d n mi, ta vo file New, nh sau:
Hp thoi WINCC Explorer xut hin, chn mc Single-User-Project v nhp

OK to d n mi. Hp thoi Create a New Project xut hin, ti mc Project Name,
t tn d n cn lm. Trong khung Project Path, chn th mc lu tr d n va to.
75

Add Driver ta nhp phi vo mc Tag Management
Hp thoi Add new driver xut hin, chn
mng kt ni, i vi s7-
200 chn OPC.chn > Open.
76
Bn di mc Tag management, mt kt ni mi xut hin.
77
Sau gn cc bin va to bn PC ACCESS vo Win CC nh hnh sau:
Ca s OPC Item Manager xut hin, tip tc chn nh hnh sau:
78

Ca s Filter Criteria xut hin, chn Next:
Khi ca s S7200. OPCSever xut hin qut chn tt c cc bin v chn Add
Items nh sau:
Cui cng chn Finish:
Ta c kt qu nh sau:
79
Xy dng giao din:
u tin ta to mt nh mi nh sau:
80

Click phi vo NewPdl0.Pdl chn Rename picture
Click phi vo nh giaodien.pdl chn Open picture. Chng trnh ang m nh

giaodien.pdl nh sau:
81
To cc nt
Button:
Lm tng t vi cc nt cn li ta c k qu nh sau:
82
Gn bin thc thi cho cc button:
Nt START:
Click phi ln button START, chn Properties, chn th Even nh hnh:
Ca s Edit Action xut hin:
83
Chn ng dn nh hnh, sau double click vo SetTagBit, ta c hnh sau:
Chnh thuc tnh ca hp thoi nh sau:
84
Khi mi tn chuyn sang mu xanh lc tc l gn bin thnh cng:
85

Tng t ta thc hin gn bin cho hai button PAUSE v STOP vi TAB ln
lt l PAUSE v STOP.
Xy dng ng vo do ngi dng t:
Chn ng vo I/O nh sau:
gn bin cho ng vo ta thc hin nh hnh sau: click phi chut v i

tng, chn Configuration Dialog
86

Ca s iu khin xut hin, ta click chn nh hnh gn bin:
Chn bin nh hnh sau:
87

Ta c:
To cc n bo hiu:
Chn kiu bo hiu nh sau:
Chn mu hin th lc cha c bo hiu:

88
Gn bin bo hiu v chn mu bo hiu:
Chn bin:
89
Chn mu nhp nhy nh sau:
90
Lm tng t ta c kt qu nh sau:
91

Sau khi hon chnh giao din nh sau:
Chy m phng:
Trn ca s son thoWinCC Explorer, nhp phi vo biu tng my tnh, chn
Properties.
92

Hp thoi Computer Properties > Startup, trong khung Start Sequence of WinCC
Runtime, nh du chn mc Graphics Runtime, Alam Logging Runtime.
Trn Tag Graphics Runtime, thit lp cc mc: trong khung Project File, hin
th File d n ang thc hin.Trong khung Windown Attributes c cc ty chn, nh
du chn cc mc Tilte, Border, Slider, Maximum v Status Bar. Cc mc khc nh
mc nh, trong khung Start Picture,nhn nt Browse
Hp thoi Start Picture xut hin nh hnh trang bn. Trn hp thoi, c 1 File
nh. Nhp chn File giaodien.pdl v nhp OK chp nhn.
93
chy giao din ta vo file, chn Activate:
Hoc:
94
Giao din khi chy nh sau:
95

LI CM N
Thm thot 4 nm tri qua ,mt qung thi gian khng qu di cng khng
qu ngn , mt khong thi gian chng em hc c khng bit bao iu b ch,
thm cm n v t ho khi c l sinh vin trng H CNG NGHIP ,gi y
n lc ra trng thc hin bao nim m c chng em xin gi li cm n ti khoa
Cng Ngh in T trang b cho chng em nhng kin thc b ch chng em
hnh trang khi ra trng.
Chng em xin gi li cm n ti thy Ths :Trn Vn Trinh tn tnh hng
dn chng em hon thnh an ny.
Cm n cc bn gip ,nh c cc bn m chng mnh c thm nim
tin, kin thc v ng lc hon tt n ny.
Cui cng xin gi ti Thy , C ,cc bn li chc sc khe v thnh cng trng
cng vic.
96

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LI GII THIU

L nhng sinh vin nm cui chuyn ngnh in t t ng. chun b ra

NHN XT CA GIO VIN HNG DN

Thc s Trn Vn Trinh

NHN XT CA GIO VIN PHN BIN

A.TM HIU V THIT K PHN CNG H THNG ............ 1

1.Tm hiu v bin tn delta VFD-L ...................................................................... 1

H THNG IU KHIN V GIM ST H THNG QUN CH

A. TM HIU V THIT K PHN CNG H THNG

KHI CNG SUT

KHI CHP HNH

Hnh 1: Bin tn Delta.

H THNG IU KHIN V GIM ST H THNG QUN CH

007 tc l ng dng cho ng c 0.75kw, 015 l ng dng cho ng c 1.5kw), di tn

H THNG IU KHIN V GIM ST H THNG QUN CH

Hnh 3: S kt ni bng iu khin ngoi.

GVHD: Ths. Trn Vn Trinh

H THNG IU KHIN V GIM ST H THNG QUN CH

1.2. La chn iu khin bng bn phm hay bng cng tc ngoi.

iu khin bin tn bng phm nhn th ta la chn n bc 2-01 v ci t

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H THNG IU KHIN V GIM ST H THNG QUN CH

Thng s 1-00: l bc ci t tn s s dng max. V d ta ci t bc 1-00 l

1.4. Ci t cho php chy thun_nghch.

Bin tn c ci t mc nh chy thun. ci t cho php ng c chy thun_

H THNG IU KHIN V GIM ST H THNG QUN CH

1.5. t ch cho chn M0, M1, M2, M3.

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H THNG IU KHIN V GIM ST H THNG QUN CH

Thng s 5-03: chn ch vn hnh plc, c 5 s la chon (d0:khng cho php

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Thng s 6-00: mc bo v qu p (d0: khng cho php 350v n 410v).

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Thng s 7-00: chn dng nh mc ca motor ( t 30 n 120%).

GVHD: Ths. Trn Vn Trinh

H THNG IU KHIN V GIM ST H THNG QUN CH

2. Tm hiu PLC S7-200:

H THNG IU KHIN V GIM ST H THNG QUN CH

GVHD: Ths. Trn Vn Trinh

H THNG IU KHIN V GIM ST H THNG QUN CH

Hnh 1.2 : S u dy Loi CPU 224 DC / DC / DC

Hnh 1.3 : S u dy Loi CPU 224 AC / DC / RLY

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GVHD: Ths. Trn Vn Trinh

H THNG IU KHIN V GIM ST H THNG QUN CH

H THNG IU KHIN V GIM ST H THNG QUN CH

Nt kim tra trng thi

Vng son tho

b. mt s chc nng quan trng:

GVHD: Ths. Trn Vn Trinh

H THNG IU KHIN V GIM ST H THNG QUN CH

H THNG IU KHIN V GIM ST H THNG QUN CH

GVHD: Ths. Trn Vn Trinh

H THNG IU KHIN V GIM ST H THNG QUN CH

GVHD: Ths. Trn Vn Trinh

H THNG IU KHIN V GIM ST H THNG QUN CH

GVHD: Ths. Trn Vn Trinh

H THNG IU KHIN V GIM ST H THNG QUN CH

GVHD: Ths. Trn Vn Trinh

H THNG IU KHIN V GIM ST H THNG QUN CH

H THNG IU KHIN V GIM ST H THNG QUN CH