NHNG THCH THC I VI S PHT TRIN BN VNG NGNH THAN VIT NAM TRONG XU TH HI NHP QUC T TS.

Trn Xun Ha, TS. Nguyn Tin Chnh Tp on Cng nghip Than Khong sn Vit Nam 1. Cn i cung cu than theo quy hoch pht trin Quy hoch pht trin in lc quc gia Vit Nam giai on 2006-2015 c xt trin vng n nm 2025 (Quy hoch in VI) c Th Tng Chnh ph ph duyt nhm p ng nhu cu pht trin kinh t- x hi vi mc tng GDP khong 8,59% nm, d bo nhu cu in (theo kch bn c s) vi tc tng bnh qun giai on 2008-2015 l 17,0%/nm, giai on 2016-2020 l 9,0-12,0%/nm. ng thi, theo chin lc pht trin ngnh than n nm 2015, c xt trin vng n 2025 c Chnh ph ph duyt cho thy cn i cung cu than cm, nht l than cm cho in kch bn c s ca Quy hoch in VI b thiu ht s phi nhp khu than nng lng cho cc nh my nhit in pha Nam: 8 triu tn (2012); 32 triu tn (2015); 105 triu tn (2020) v 215 triu tn (2025), xem bng 1 v hnh 1; kch bn cao s thiu ht cn ln hn, d kin b p s thiu ht bng than nhp khu t cc nc trong khu vc nh Indonexia, Australia. Bng 1- Cn i cung cu than theo QH in VI v Chin lc PT ngnh than VN n v: 1000 tn
Nm 2008 2009 1.Tng nhu cu than 23.970 30.121 Tr Nhit in 7.850 12.570 2.Tng cung than 42.000 45.000 Tr Cp cho in 8.732 13.587 3.Nhp than cho in Ngun: B Cng Thng [3] 2010 36.804 17.290 47.000 17.073 2012 54.631 32.500 48.000 24.500 8.000 2015 93.567 66.640 60.000 34.720 31.920 2020 183.610 149.840 70.000 45.173 104.667 2025 308.164 268.640 80.000 53.378 215.262

Hnh 1 Cn i cung cu than

350 300 250 tr tn 200 150 100 50 0 2010 2012 2015 2020 2025 47 37 48 94 55 60 70 80 184 Cung Cu 308

Nh ta bit, vic nghin cu Quy hoch tng th pht trin nng lng quc gia l iu kin tin quyt nh hng cho quy hoch pht trin cc ngnh. Trn c s nghin cu quy hoch tng th kt hp vi chng trnh mc tiu quc gia v s dng nng lng tit kim v c hiu qu, trin khai lp quy hoch pht trin nng lng quc gia: Quy hoch pht trin ngnh in, du kh, nguyn t; quy hoch cc dng nng lng phi ha thch khc nh mt tri, gi, a nhit, nng lng ti to v quy hoch pht trin ngnh than. Quy hoch pht trin ngnh in phi c cn i
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trong tng th quy hoch pht trin nng lng quc gia theo cc kch bn c la chn. Trong pht trin in phi cn i pht trin thy in, in chy kh, than, in nhp khu v in nguyn t. Ring quy hoch pht trin cc nh my nhin in s dng than nhp khu min Trung v min Nam cn phi c hoch nh vi kh nng k kt cc hp ng nhp khu than di hn t cc nc trong khu vc. Tuy nhin, Quy hoch in VI tp trung qua nhiu vo pht trin nhit in s dng than Nhp khu. Kh nhp khu than vi s lng ln hng trm triu tn/nm t cc nc trong khu vc s l khng kh thi v c ri ro cao. 2. Tnh hnh nhp khu than trn th gii ti khu vc chu Tng lng xut khu than in ca cc nc Chu Thi Bnh Dng nm 2007 t khong 680 triu tn trong : Australia xut 250 triu tn (c 112 triu tn than cho in); Indonexia xut 196 triu tn (c 125 triu tn cho in). Tng lng nhp khu than in ca cc nc Chu Thi Bnh Dng nm 2007 khong 425 triu tn bng 63% tng lng than bun bn trn th gii bng ng bin. Trong : Nht Bn nhp 112 triu tn, Hn Quc nhp 66 triu tn, Trung Quc nhp 51 triu tn, n nhp 45 triu tn, Malaixia nhp 11 triu tn, Thi Lan 11 triu tn [5]. Trong tng lai, do vn m bo an ninh nng lng cc nc s tng s dng than trong nc, hn ch xut khu than v d nh Indonexia t nm 2010 ch duy tr xut khu mc 150 triu tn than nng lng/nm. Trong khi th trng nhp khu than truyn thng t Indonexia v Australia c phn chia t trc. V d: Nm 2007 Australia xut khu 101 triu tn than butum, th phn c chia nh sau: Nht 57 triu tn (56,5%); i Loan 15,5 triu tn (15,4%); Hn Quc 13,7 triu tn (13,7%); cc nc khc 14,5 triu tn (14,4%)(*). Indonexia nm 2007 xut khu 145,6 triu tn than bitum, vi th phn chia nh sau: Nht 28,7 triu tn (19,7%); Hn Quc 23,9 triu tn (16,4%); i Loan 20,5 triu tn (14,1%); n 18,2 triu tn (12,5%); Hng Kng+Trung Quc 16 triu tn (11%); cc nc N 19,4 triu tn (13,3%); cc nc khc 18,9 triu tn (13%)(**). Vit Nam trong quan h thng mi lu di vi cc nc cng ch c th nhp khu ti a ti vi chc triu tn than cho in. (Ghi ch: (*) Ngun: Tng cc thng k Astralia; (**) Ngun BTS ltd) Than bitum nhp khu c nhng u im thnh phn cht bc cao (27-32%), tro trung bnh thp (18-20%) ph hp vi t in, trong khi than antraxit Vit Nam cht bc thp, tro cao (than cm 4b v 5 Hn Gai - Cm Ph cht bc 5-6%; tro 22-23%), ht cng, kh nghin mn a vo bung t. Khi gi than trong nc tim cn gi than quc t v cc vn chuyn t Bc vo Nam gn tng ng t Indonexia (Kalimantan) v th u th s dng than bitum nhp khu cho cc nh my nhit in pha Nam tr nn r rt. Vit Nam t mt nc xut khu than rng (than antraxit) s tr thnh nc nhp khu than rng trong tng lai gn (nhp than m v than nng lng bitum). Than nng lng nhp khu c th trng ch nhp t Indonexia hoc Australia. Nhng trong bi cnh th trng th gii ti thi im s tr nn khan him, th phn nhp khu than nng lng ca Australia, Indonexia ch yu do Nht Bn, Hn Quc, i Loan... nm gi, th Vit Nam kh c th m phn mua than c ca h nht l vi s lng ln.

3. Tr lng ti nguyn than Vit Nam Theo nhng ti liu cp nht n 1/1/2008, tng tr lng ti nguyn than c xc minh trn ton quc l: 40.930 triu tn. - Tr lng xc minh 6.140 triu tn, trong cp 111 (A+B): 357 triu tn, chim 5,8%; cp 222 (C1): 2.264 triu tn, chim 36,9%; cp 333 (C2): 3.008 triu tn, chim 49,0%; cp 334a (P): 511 triu tn, chim 8,3%. (xem bng 2 v hnh 2) - Ti nguyn xc minh 34.790 triu tn. Tr lng a cht huy ng cho Quy hoch pht trin ngnh than Vit Nam n 2015 c xt trin vng n nm 2025 l 4,8 t tn. Trong , phn ln tr lng than ti mc -300 giao cho Tp on TKV qun l. Bng 2- Tr lng than Vit Nam xc minh n v: Triu tn
Khu vc Tng cng Tng tr lng 6.140,683 A+B+C 5.629,252 A+B 356,789 C1 C2 P 511,431 51,431 2.264,48 3.007,98 0 3 2.135,65 2.901,37 1.Antraxit, bitum.. 5.905,245 5.393,814 356,789 3 2 1.508,64 2.311,76 B than Qung ninh 4.121,745 4.121,745 301,335 3 7 Vng ni a TKV 165,110 165,110 55,454 91,901 17,755 Cc m a phng 37,434 18,478 10,238 8,240 Vng Khoi chu 1.580,956 1.088,481 524,871 563,610 2.Than bn 235,438 235,438 128,827 106,611 Ngun: Quy hoch pht trin ngnh than Vit Nam [4]
Hnh 2 Tr lng xc nh n 1.1.2008

18,956 492,475

7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0

6141

triu t n

2264 357 Tng tr lng A+B C1

3008 511 C2 P

Ti nguyn d bo cn Vng Qung Ninh su n -1000m l 6,9 t tn antraxit; vng ng bng sng Hng (Hng yn, Thi Bnh) ti nguyn d bo n -1000m khong 30 t tn bitum. Nhng y l nhng ni c iu kin a cht khai thc ht sc phc tp v ti nguyn phn ln cha c xc minh. 4. Quy hoch pht trin ngnh than Vit Nam Thc hin Quyt nh ca Th Tng Chnh ph v Chin lc pht trin ngnh Than Vit Nam, Tp on Cng nghip Than- Khong sn Vit Nam khn trng tin hnh lp v trnh B Cng Thng iu chnh Quy hoch pht trin ngnh than Vit Nam n nm 2015, c xt trin vng n 2025. Quy hoch tp trung m bo thc hin mc tiu chin lc c Chnh ph ph duyt n nm 2025: trn 80
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triu tn than thng phm (khng k ng bng sng Hng), c th nh sau: Nm 2010: 50 triu tn; 2015: 63 triu tn; 2020: 69 triu tn v 2025: 84 triu tn. Theo sn lng than nguyn khai tng ng (phng n c s) th hin bng 3.

Bng 3- Quy hoch sn lng than nguyn khai (phng n c s) n v: Triu tn

TT A I II III IV V B Cc vng than 2008 2010 Tng ton ngnh 48485 54435 Trong TKV 46735 52285 Vng Cm Ph 23300 26670 Vng Hn Gai 11985 11800 Vng Ung B 10050 12400 Vng Ni a 1400 1415 Vng ng bng sng Hng 0 0 Ngoi TKV 1750 2150 Ngun: Quy hoch pht trin ngnh than Vit Nam [4] 2015 68975 66025 32660 10700 20050 2615 0 2950 2020 83078 78628 31213 11350 26450 2615 7000 4450 2025 105420 98100 29200 12600 40250 2550 13500 7320

p ng nhu cu than cho nn kinh t quc dn theo Quy hoch Tp on Cng nghip Than- Khong sn Vit Nam phi gii quyt nhng nhim v cp bch sau: y mnh cng tc tm kim, thm d nng cp v gia tng ti nguyn tr lng than c xc minh t mc khng nhng b p c phn tr lng than khai thc trong giai on n nm 2025 m cn b sung duy tr v nng cao mc sn lng than giai on sau nm 2025, vi mc tiu chnh l: n nm 2015 thm d xc nh xong phn ti nguyn cha xc nh v tr lng than nm di mc -300m b than Qung Ninh, ng thi tin hnh thm d t m mt phn b than ng bng Sng Hng; n nm 2025 thm d xong b than ng bng Sng Hng. Nhng do khi lng khoan thm d v chi ph u t cho tm kim thm d qu ln vi 8,65 triu m khoan v 32 ngn t VN, buc phi dn tin iu tra c bn ph hp vi lch huy ng sn lng. Trc mt u t 400-500 t ng/nm cho cng tc thm d ti nguyn. Theo Quy hoch, t trng than khai thc l thin s gim dn; cc m l thin vng Hn Gai s kt thc khai thc vo nm 2015 tr li cnh quan mi trng cho thnh ph du lch H Long; s ni thng cc m l thin o Nai Cc Su Cao Sn Khe chm II to khng gian thng nht; xung su cc m l thin ny vng Cm Ph ti mc -350 v ko di thi gian tn ti ti sau nm 2040. Ngoi vic u t nhng m hm l mi, nng cng sut cc m hin c theo quy hoch c, Quy hoch iu chnh xem xt u t thm nhiu m hm l khc ti khu vc Mo Kh Trng Bch, Bo i v ng Triu Ph Li vo giai on sau 2015 vi tng cng sut tng thm 20-30 triu tn/nm; u t thit b, cng ngh tin tin trong khai thc v ch bin than; u t trang thit b an ton v mi trng m. Phn u gim ng k ch tiu tn tht than trong khai thc hm l so vi mc hin nay: n nm 2010 t l tn tht gim than xung di 30%; n nm 2020 di 25%. Khng ngng nng cao hiu qu kinh doanh trn c s qun l cht ch chi ph, s dng tit kim vt t, nng lng v nng cao nng sut lao ng thng qua i mi, hin i ha cng ngh v ng dng rng ri cc tin b k thut. Tp on TKV phi sm nghin cu th nghim cng ngh khai thc than (bng cng ngh truyn thng v kh ha than) ti b than ng bng Sng Hng. y l vng than c tim nng ln, tr lng kh, than y l than bitum rt ph hp cho cc nh my nhit in. D kin th nghim khai thc m Khoi Chu 1 (cng ngh kh ho than); m Khoi chu 2 (cng ngh truyn thng su n -1000m); m Bnh Minh (cng ngh truyn thng su ti -500m). Nu th nghim thnh cng s l ngun than ng k cp cho in. Tuy nhin, iu kin a cht khai thc y rt phc tp, ng thi li l vng trng im trng la lin quan ti an ninh lng thc v d nhy cm vi mi trng, cho nn u t khai thc c nhiu ri ro khng th lng ht c. Quy hoch u t c s h tng k thut m tin tin nh: Quy hoch cc nh my sng tuyn tp trung vi dy chuyn tuyn linh hot; quy hoch thi tn dng
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ti a cc bi thi trong; quy hoch h thng ng vn ti, cng than c lp; gim thiu ti a cc tc ng tiu cc ca hot ng khong sn ti mi sinh v mi trng. y nhanh vic nghin cu cng ngh, trin khai ch bin than theo hng a dng ha sn phm, to ra cc sn phm sch, thn thin vi mi trng, c bit l sn xut Nitrat amn t kh ha than nhm m bo ngun vt liu n cng nghip. Tng cng hp tc vi cc nc trong khu vc, trc mt l vi cc nc lng ging v thm d, khai thc, ch bin v s dng than ti cc nc . Thm d khai thc than ti Lo v Campuchia; xem xt mua quyn khai thc m cc nc trong khu vc nh Indonexia. Trong xu th hi nhp v trc tnh hnh ti chnh, kinh t th gii bin ng bt thng hin nay, nhng thch thc i vi s pht trin ca ngnh than gp phi khng nh nh: iu kin khai thc ngy cng phc tp; yu cu i hi v m bo mi trng ngy cng cao; chi ph u t thm d ti nguyn, u t pht trin m v h tng k thut ngy cng ln; kh nng huy ng vn gp nhiu kh khn; chi ph khai thc vi gi c u vo nh nhin liu, in nng tng cao; nhng ri ro v u t cng ngh khai thc than ti ng bng Sng Hng cao. 4. Tiu th than v gi than tc ng ti s pht trin Do tc ng ca cuc khng hong ti chnh ton cu, nhu cu tiu th than gim v ko theo gi gim gi than trn th gii, lng than tn kho nht l cm cht lng thp cui nm 2008 ca ngnh than ti 7 triu tn, gy nh hng ng k ti tnh hnh ti chnh ca cc doanh nghip. Tp on TKV d trong hon cnh kh khn phi kim ch gi gp phn kim ch lm pht, vn phi m bo kinh doanh c li, m bo tch t vn ti u t cho d c c gng tit kim chi ph, hin vn phi cn i vo than xut khu. Khi nhu cu than trong nc tng, xut khu than s gim v duy tr mc hp l c ngoi t nhp khu thit b, cng ngh v nhp thm than bitum cho in pha nam. Vic duy tr gi nng lng thp ch l bin php tm thi vi mc tiu kim ch lm pht v n nh x hi. Nhng nu vic ny tip tc tip din s lm cho bc tranh s dng nng lng b bp mo, khng phn nh thc cht ca quy lut th trng. ng thi v tng th li ch v m bo an ninh nng lng quc gia s b nh hng. Do , cn sm th trng ha gi nng lng ni chung v gi than ni ring. Khi gi than trong nc tng ng gi quc t th cc doanh nghip m s khng tm cch xut khu than b gi than bn trong nc thp hn gi thnh; ng thi cng s hn ch tnh trng xut khu than ngoi lung hin nay. Cc doanh nghip s dng than s quan tm p dng cc bin php tit kim, tit kim s dng ti nguyn than v thc y qu trnh tit kim nng lng. Hn na, gi than chm c th trng ha th ngnh than s c kh khn v ngun ti chnh u t cho cng tc thm d ti nguyn, u t pht trin m, m bo pht trin bn vng ngnh than p ng nhu cu v than ca nn kinh t quc dn trong tng lai. Nh vy, s thiu ht v than s cng tr nn trm trng hn. 5. Cp php hot ng khong sn m bo cho pht trin bn vng Tp on Cng nghip Than Khong sn Vit Nam (TKV) l mt doanh nghip nh nc hot ng theo m hnh cng ty m v cng ty con, ch yu sn xut kinh doanh trn nn ti nguyn khong sn. Tp on c ra i sau khi Lut khong sn v Lut doanh nghip c ban hnh v th vic cp php hot ng khong sn cho Tp on ca cc c qun qun l nh nc tr nn lng tng. Nu khng c cp php giao ti nguyn th Tp on hot ng khong sn nh th no? Mi quan h gia cng ty m v cng ty con ra sao? Khi cng ty con c cp php v giao ti
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nguyn khai thc, nhng s hu gi tr doanh nghip k c gi tr ti nguyn ch yu li thuc v Tp on. Nh vy, Tp on phi l lm ch qun l khai thc ti nguyn khong sn phn do nh nc giao. V chnh sch Nh nc to iu kin cho t chc, c nhn tham gia u t thm d, khai thc, ch bin khong sn (khon 2, iu 5, Lut khong sn). i tng c cp php l cc doanh nghip, k c doanh nghip c vn u t nc ngoi, thuc mi thnh phn kinh t c ng k kinh doanh (iu 17, Ngh nh s 160/N-CP). Cng ty m Tp on Cng nghip ThanKhong sn Vit Nam l cng ty nh nc, hot ng theo Lut doanh nghip. Cng ty m c chc nng trc tip sn xut kinh doanh v u t ti chnh vo doanh nghip khc. Tp on l ch s hu vn Nh nc i vi cc doanh nghip trc thuc v s hu trn 51% vn i vi cc doanh nghip m. Cng ty con l doanh nghip hch ton c lp do Tp on nm gi 100% vn iu l hoc gi c phn, vn gp chi phi hoc nm quyn chi phi thng qua quyn khai thc ti nguyn khong sn, th trng, thng hiu, b quyt cng ngh (iu 1, iu l v hot ng ca cng ty m Tp on cng nghip ThanKhong sn Vit Nam ban hnh km theo Quyt nh s 228/2006/Q-TTg ngy 11/10/2006). Quyt nh s 345/2005/Q-TTg ngy 26/12/2005 ca Th Tng Chnh ph V/v Thnh lp Tp on Cng nghip Than Khong sn Vit Nam ti iu 1 c nu r Nh nc giao cho Tp on Cng nghip Than Khong sn Vit Nam qun l ti nguyn, tr lng than, bxt v cc khong sn khc t chc khai thc theo quy nh php lut v iu l t chc, hot ng ca Tp on. Trn c s Quyt nh 481/Q-QLTN ngy 08/06/2005 ca B Cng nghip v/v giao qun l, bo v v t chc thm d, khai thc than, TKV c quyt nh giao v iu chnh ranh gii cho cc n v. Tp on qun l, phn giao ti nguyn cho cc m (cng ty than) chu trch nhim qun l, bo v v t chc khai thc than trong ranh gii m c giao. Quyt nh s 1122/Q-HDQT ngy 16/5/2008 ca HQT TKV v/v Ph duyt Quy hoch iu chnh ranh gii cc m thuc TKV. Trn c s ti nguyn phn chia Tp on ngh B Ti nguyn v Mi trng cp php cho cc n v ca Tp on theo bn ranh gii m v d n u t c duyt. Gi tr ti sn doanh nghip m bao gm c gi tr ti nguyn khong sn trong lng t. Gi tr t nhin m khong sn c lng ho theo phng php dng tin vo gi tr doanh nghip m, n biu hin gi c m khong sn hay gi chuyn nhng quyn khai thc m khong sn. Gi tr ny c tnh ton kh ph bin cc nc. Tp on l ch s hu vn v trc tip qun l phn vn Nh nc ti cc cng ty con s bao gm c gi tr ti nguyn khong sn trong lng t. Cc cng ty than (n v ca Tp on) l nhng m than khai thc hm l hoc l thin c cng sut di 5 triu tn/nm. Cc m ny ch yu khai thc v tiu th than theo k hoch phi hp kinh doanh ca Tp on. Trong khi , Tp on phi t chc cng tc thm d ti nguyn, chun b ti nguyn cho nhng giai on pht trin tip theo, u t nhng m mi, cc c s h tng v mi trng vng m. Trn thc t cc cng ty than hot ng khong sn nh nhng nh thu khai thc thng qua Quyt nh giao thu qun l, bo v ranh gii m ti nguyn tr lng than, t chc khai thc than ca HQT Tp on v Hp ng phi hp kinh doanh vi Tp on. Mc ch qun l Nh nc v ti nguyn khong sn v hot ng khong sn l m bo hi ho cc li ch kinh t ca ngi lao ng, li ch ca nh u t (doanh nghip) v li ch ton x hi. V vy, vn cp php hot ng khong sn phi da vo Lut v thi hnh Lut sao cho t c mc ch qun l mi l iu quan trng. Vn an ninh nng lng l vn c th gii quan tm. Hng lot cc nc khu vc Nam M nh Venezuela, Bolivia, Equado, Chile... ang tng cng vai tr
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ca Nh nc i vi ti nguyn khong sn thm ch l quc hu ho i vi hot ng khong sn nht l nng lng. Trong khi Chnh ph giao cho Tp on cng nghip Than Khong sn Vit Nam phi c trch nhim m bo cung ng than cho nn kinh t quc dn k c nhp khu than. Nu khng c giy cp php hot ng khong sn chung, Tp on s khng th ch ng t chc thm d ti nguyn v trin khai chin lc pht trin bn vng ngnh than, p nhu cu than ngy cng tng ca nn kinh t quc dn. Chnh sch thu tc ng ti hot ng khai thc khong sn Theo lut thu thu nhp doanh nghip s 14/2008/QH12 ngy 3/6/2008 thu sut thu thu nhp doanh nghip gim t 28% xung cn 25% v c hiu lc t nm 2009. Thu thu nhp doanh nghip gim ph hp vi mc thu trong khu vc v khuyn khch sn xut pht trin. B Ti chnh ang xut sa i khung thu sut quy nh ti Php lnh thu ti nguyn. Theo , thu nh vo khai thc ti nguyn khong sn s tng mnh. Thu i vi khong sn tng t 1-5% ln 10-30%; khong sn phi kim loi tng t 15% ln 5-10%; qu tng t 3-8% ln 5-20%; than t 1-3% ln 5-20%; kh thin nhin t 0-10% ln 6-25% (bng du m). Mc thu ti nguyn i vi khai thc khong sn s tng ln ng k: Mangan v st t 30000-75000 ng/tn (hin l 15000/tn); ch 40000-66000ng/tn (hin l 20000ng/tn); km 80000-195000 ng/tn (hin l 100000 ng/tn); thic 1,33,9 triu ng/tn (hin l 650000 ng/tn); than 20000-80000 ng/tn (hin 40006000 ng/tn); theo thu ti nguyn i vi ng t 500000 ng tn tinh qung (Sin Quyn) s tng 2,5 triu ng/tn. Nh nc gim thu thu nhp doanh nghip v tng thu ti nguyn s m bo ngun thu n nh cho Ngn sch. Mc thu sut thu ti nguyn tng s lm cho thu ti nguyn gn vi gi tr t m. iu ny ph hp vi xu th gi khong sn trn th gii tng cao trong nhng nm gn y. Nhng thu ti nguyn s l tng qu cao khi gi khong sn v gi than trn th gii gim nhanh t 30% n 50% do khng hong ti chnh trn th gii ang lan rng. V vy, trc mt Nh nc nn gi nguyn mc thu ti nguyn hin hnh. Ngoi cc khon thu ti nguyn, ph mi trng cng tng. Chnh ph ban hnh Ngh nh s 63/2008/N-CP ngy 13/5/2008 v ph mi trng i vi khai thc khong sn. Theo ph mi trng i vi khai thc than l 6000 ng/tn than nguyn khai, than bn l 2000 ng/tn; khong sn qung kim loi nguyn khai nh: Qung ch, km: 180000ng/tn; qung st, cromit 40000 ng/tn; qung ng 350000ng/tn; qung bxit 30000 ng/tn; qung khong sn kim loi khc 10000ng/tn. Vi mc ch hn ch xut khu, bo v ti nguyn B Ti chnh ban hnh sa i Biu thu xut khu theo Quyt nh 35/2008/Q-BCT ngy 6/6/2008 vi mc thu xut khu khong sn mc 20% (trong c than Antraxit). Ngoi ra, cn c kin ngh p thm mc thu tuyt i i vi than xut khu. Nu iu ny xy ra th doanh nghip khai thc than c l chng cn g tch lu v pht trin. hn ch xut khu gi than cho nhu cu trong nc v d nh Chnh ph Indonesia xem xt la chn mt trong cc gii php sau: ng k hn ngch xut khu; tng thu xut khu; p dng c ch bt buc bn mt phn than cho th trng trong nc thng qua t chc qun l xut khu; tho thun vi khch hng trong nc bn theo gi th trng. Vic tng thu xut khu nhm hn ch than xut khu hu nh khng c tc dng bi nu c li so vi bn trong nc cc nh sn xut Indonesia vn bn than ra nc ngoi. Chnh v vy, Chnh ph Innxia cng ang
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trong l trnh gim chnh lch gia gi than trong nc v xut khu, qua thc y cc nh sn xut sn sng cung cp than cho th trng trong nc. Kinh nghim trn ca Indonesia rt hu ch Vit Nam tham kho. Nhm kim ch lm pht Chnh ph cha cho tng gi than trong nc, ng thi Nh nc nng thu xut khu ln 20%. Mc ch tng thu l tng ngun thu cho ngn sch, bo v ti nguyn, hn ch xut khu, buc cc doanh nghip phi tm cch ch bin su gp phn bo v v nng cao gi tr ti nguyn. Nhng mt khc thu cng phi mc ph hp m bo, to iu kin sn xut c li, c tch t vn ti u t m rng sn xut v nui dng ngun thu. V vy, ti y thay v tng thu Chnh ph nn xem xt gim thu xut khu than. 5. Nhng kin ngh vi Chnh ph thc hin Quy hoch, sm th trng ho gi than t 2009 k c gi than cho in. Khi gi than trong nc ngang bng vi gi than trong khu vc th vn nn xut khu lu than s chm dt, cc h s dng than s quan tm nhiu hn ti cc gii php tit kim v hiu qu s dng than sch. C nh vy, ngnh than c kh nng tch lu vn u t m bo an ninh nng lng v pht trin bn vng. Trong tnh hnh khng hong ti chnh ang lan rng, gi khong sn trn th gii gim mnh ngh Chnh ph gi mc thu ti nguyn nh hin nay v xem xt gim thu xut khu khong sn. Chnh ph cho c ch huy ng vn cho u t thm d ti nguyn v pht trin m, c th l: Cho php Tp on TKV c tip tc trch vo chi ph sn xut than 5% tng chi ph lp qu thm d tp trung; cho php vay vn t ngn hng u t pht trin; cho php c s dng mt phn vn ODA, tri phiu Chnh ph; cho php Tp on c s dng gi tr ti nguyn trong lng t bo lnh, th chp vay hoc huy ng vn. Vn pht trin bn vng ngnh than nhm m bo an ninh nng lng quc gia trong xu th hi nhp quc t, i hi phi c s nh hng chin lc ng n trong vic qun l, khai thc, ch bin v s dng ti nguyn, phi c s phi hp ng b gia cc c quan qun l nh nc vi cc doanh nghip khai thc, ch bin v s dng than. Chnh v vy, Tp on ngh giao ti nguyn than cho Tp on TKV qun l, khai thc, pht trin bn vng, ng thi cp php cho cc cng ty than (cc cng ty con ca Tp on hot ng nh nhng nh thu khai thc thu ca Tp on) ph hp vi lut php v m hnh qun l ca Tp on./. Ti liu tham kho: 1. Quyt nh s 110/2007/Q-TTg ngy 18/7/2007 ca Th tng Chnh ph ph duyt Quy hoch pht trin in lc quc gia giai on 2006-2015 c xt n nm 2025. 2. Quyt nh s 89/2008/Q-TTg ngy 5/7/2008 ca Th tng Chnh ph ph duyt Chin lc pht trin ngnh than Vit Nam n nm 2015, nh hng n nm 2025. 3. Cng vn s 2027/BCT-NL ngy 14/3/2008 ca B Cng Thng gi Chnh ph. 4. Cng ty c phn T vn u t m v cng nghip- TKV, (2008), iu chnh Quy hoch pht trin ngnh than Vit Nam giai on 2006-2015 c xt trin vng n nm 2025. 5. T trnh B Cng Thng s 7105 TTr-HQT ngy 26/9/2008 ca HQT Tp on Cng nghip Than Khong sn Vit Nam v/v iu chnh quy hoch pht trin ngnh than Vit Nam giai on 2006-2015 c xt trin vng n 2025.