Gim tn tht in nng nhn t gc qun l Giai on 2004-2010, EVN ch o cc n v in lc, truyn ti in, Trung tm iu HT Quc gia trin

rin khai ng b cc gii php, kt qu TTN ton EVN gim t 12,23% (nm 2003) xung 9,21% (nm 2008). tip tc y mnh cng tc gim TTN trn h thng li in, Ban ch o gim TTN ca EVN ban hnh Hng dn cc bin php c bn v qun l k thut - vn hnh v qun l kinh doanh gim TTN. Hng dn ny h thng ha li cc gii php gim TTN trong nhiu nm qua, ph bin n tn cc t i qun l vn hnh, qun l kinh doanh nhm tip tc tng cng cc bin php qun l gim TTN. Th no l tn tht in nng? TTN trn li in l lng in nng tiu hao cho qu trnh truyn ti v phn phi in khi ti in t ranh gii giao nhn vi cc nh my pht in qua li in truyn ti, li in phn phi n cc h tiu th in. TTN cn c gi l in nng dng truyn ti v phn phi in. Trong qun l, TTN c chia ra TTN k thut v TTN phi k thut. Tn tht in nng k thut l tiu hao in nng tt yu xy ra trong qu trnh truyn ti v phn phi in. Do dy dn, my bin p, thit b trn li u c tr khng, khi dng in chy qua gy tiu hao in nng do pht nng MBA, dy dn v cc thit b in; ngoi ra ng dy dn in cao p t 110 kV tr ln cn c tn tht vng quang; dng in qua cp ngm, t in cn c tn tht do in mi, ng dy in i song song vi ng dy khc nh dy chng st, dy thng tin... c tn hao in nng do h cm. Tn tht in nng phi k thut hay cn gi l TTN thng mi l do tnh trng vi phm trong s dng in nh: Ly cp in di nhiu hnh thc (cu mc in trc tip, tc ng lm sai lch mch o m in nng, gy h hng, cht chy cng t, cc thit b mch o lng v.v... ); do ch quan ca ngi qun l khi cng t cht, chy khng thay th kp thi, b st hoc ghi sai ch s; do khng thc hin ng chu k kim nh v thay th cng t nh k theo quy nh dn n in nng bn cho khch hng o c qua h thng o m thp hn so vi in nng khch hng s dng. Qun l nhn dng TTN

Xc nh tn tht khu vc v nhn dng TTN c xem l bin php quan trng nhm gip cho ngi qun l nhn bit r TTN khu vc no, do k thut hay kinh doanh c bin php x l. Cc phng php xc nh TTN gm: a) Xc nh TTN thc hin qua h thng cng t o m: Cc n v thu thp s liu in nng nhn vo li in v in nng giao i t li in. Tnh ton TTN thc hin: A = AN AG Trong : - A l tn tht in nng trn li in ang xt (kWh) - AN l tng in nhn vo li in (kWh) - AG l tng in giao i t li in (kWh)

b) Xc nh TTN ca li in qua tnh ton TTN k thut: Cc n v thc hin tnh ton TTN qua cc thng s li in v phng thc vn hnh nhn dng c TTN k thut ca li in thuc phm vi n v qun l mc no trn c s c bin php ph hp gim TTN. TTN k thut c xc nh theo cng thc: A = Po . T + Pmax . T . Kt Trong : - A tn tht in nng trong giai on ang xt (kWh) - Po Tn tht cng sut khng ti (kW) - Pmax tn tht cng sut ti thi im cng sut cc i ca li in (kW) - T. l thi gian tnh ton ca giai on xem xt TTN (gi) - Kdt h s th ph ti nh hng n TTN trong giai on tnh ton

- Si, Smax l gi tr ph ti u sut tuyn ti cc thi im ti, tmax - T l tn tht in nng k thut:

A (kWh) l in nng nhn vo ca li in trong khong thi gian T. c) Nhn dng TTN theo tng cp in p, tng khu vc li in, tng xut tuyn trung p, tng trm bin p cng cng: n v qun l da vo kt qu tnh ton TTN thc hin qua o m v TTN k thut qua tnh ton thc hin nh gi mc cao, thp ca TTN tng cp in p (cao p, trung p, h p), tng khu vc li in, tng xut tuyn trung p, tng trm bin p ph ti. So snh gia TTN k thut qua tnh ton vi vi kt qu tnh ton TTN qua o m nh gi mc hp l hay bt hp l gia hai kt qu tnh ton k thut v tnh ton qua o m, t tm ra cc nguyn nhn ca s bt hp l v ra c cc bin php gim TTN hiu qu, ng khu vc, ng cp in p, ng xut tuyn, ng trm bin p c s bt thng v TTN. Cc bin php qun l gim TTN: Bin php qun l k thut - vn hnh - Khng qu ti ng dy, my bin p: Theo di cc thng s vn hnh li in, tnh hnh tng trng ph ti c k hoch vn hnh, ci to li in, hon chuyn my bin p y, non ti mt cch hp l, khng qu ti ng dy, qu ti my bin p trn li in. - Khng cc MBA ph ti vn hnh ti lch pha. nh k hng thng o dng ti tng pha Ia , Ib , Ic v dng in dy trung tnh Io thc hin cn pha khi dng in Io ln hn 15% trung bnh cng dng in cc pha. - m bo vn hnh phng thc ti u: Thng xuyn tnh ton kim tra m bo phng thc vn hnh ti u trn li in. m bo duy tr in p trong gii hn cao cho php theo quy nh hin hnh v kh nng chu ng ca thit b. - Lp t v vn hnh ti u t b cng sut phn khng: Theo di thng xuyn cos cc nt trn li in, tnh ton v tr v dung lng lp t t b ti u quyt nh lp t, hon chuyn v vn hnh hp l cc b t trn li nhm gim

TTN. m bo cos trung bnh ti l tng trung th trm 110 kV ti thiu l 0,98. - Kim tra, bo dng li in tnh trng vn hnh tt: Thc hin kim tra bo dng li in m bo cc tiu chut k thut vn hnh: Hnh lang li in, tip a, mi tip xc, cch in ca ng dy, thit b Khng cc mi ni, tip xc (trn dy dn, cp, u cc thit b v.v...) tip xc khng tt gy pht nng dn n tng TTN. - Thc hin tt cng tc qun l k thut vn hnh ngn nga s c: m bo li in khng b s c duy tr kt dy c bn c TTN thp. - Thc hin vn hnh kinh t my bin p: + Trng hp TBA c 2 hay nhiu MBA vn hnh song song cn xem xt vn hnh kinh t my bin p, chn thi im ng, ct my bin p theo th ph ti. + i vi cc khch hng c TBA chuyn dng (trm 110 kV, trm trung p) m tnh cht ca ph ti hot ng theo ma v (trm bm thy nng, sn xut ng ma v.v...), ngoi thi gian ny ch phc v cho nhu cu s dng in ca vn phng, nhn vin qun l trm bm, n v kinh doanh bn in phi vn ng, thuyt phc khch hng lp t thm MBA c cng sut nh ring ph hp phc v cho nhu cu ny hoc cp bng ngun in h th khu vc nu c iu kin tch MBA chnh ra khi vn hnh. - Hn ch cc thnh phn khng cn bng v sng hi bc cao: Thc hin kim tra i vi khch hng gy mo in p (cc l h quang in, cc ph ti my hn cng sut lnv.v ) trn li in. Trong iu kin gy nh hng ln n mo in p, yu cu khch hng phi c gii php khc phc. - Tng bc loi dn cc thit b khng tin cy, hiu sut km, tn tht cao bng cc thit b mi c hiu sut cao, tn tht thp (c bit l i vi MBA). - Tnh ton v qun l TTN k thut: Thc hin tnh ton TTN k thut ca tng trm bin p, tng ng dy, tng khu vc qun l, nh gi v ra cc bin php gim TTN ph hp. Bin php qun l kinh doanh

- i vi kim nh ban u cng t: Phi m bo cht lng kim nh ban u cng t cng t o m chnh xc trong c chu k lm vic (5 nm i vi cng t 1 pha, 2 nm i vi cng t 3 pha). - i vi h thng o m lp t mi: Phi m bo thit k lp t h thng o m bao gm cng t, TU, TI v cc thit b gim st t xa (nu c) m bo cp chnh xc, c nim phong kp ch v c cc gi tr nh mc (dng in, in p, t s bin) ph hp vi ph ti. Xy dng v thc hin nghim quy nh v lp t, kim tra v nghim thu cng t m bo s gim st cho gia cc khu nhm m bo khng c sai st trong qu trnh lp t, nghim thu h thng o m. - Thc hin kim nh, thay th nh k cng t ng thi hn theo quy nh (5 nm i vi cng t 1 pha, 02 nm i vi cng t 3 pha). - Thc hin kim tra, bo dng h thng o m: Thc hin quy nh v kim tra, bo dng h thng o m (cng t, TU, TI) m bo cc thit b o m trn li c nim phong qun l tt, c cp chnh xc ph hp m bo o m ng. Thc hin ch qun l, kim tra kp thi pht hin v thay th ngay thit b o m b s c (cng t kt chy, TU, TI chy hng), h hng hoc b can thip tri php trn li in. Khng c cng t kt chy qu mt chu k ghi ch s. - Cng c nng cp h thng o m: Tng bc p dng cng ngh mi, lp t thay th cc thit b o m c cp chnh xc cao cho ph ti ln. Thay th cng t in t 3 pha cho cc ph ti ln; p dng cc phng php o xa, gim st thit b o m t xa cho cc ph ti ln nhm tng cng theo di, pht hin sai st, s c trong o m. - Thc hin lch ghi ch s cng t: m bo ghi ch s cng t ng l trnh, chu k theo quy nh, ng ngy tha thun vi khch hng, to iu kin khch hng cng gim st, m bo chnh xc kt qu ghi ch s cng t v kt qu sn lng tnh ton TTN. Cng c v nng cao cht lng ghi ch s cng t, c bit i vi khu vc thu dch v in nng thn ghi ch s nhm mc ch pht hin kp thi cng t kt chy, h hng ngay trong qu trnh ghi ch s x l kp thi.

- Khoanh vng nh gi TTN: Thc hin lp t cng t ranh gii, cng t cho tng xut tuyn, cng t tng tng TBA ph ti qua theo di nh gi bin ng TTN ca tng xut tuyn, tng TBA cng cng hng thng v ly k n thng thc hin c bin php x l i vi nhng bin ng TTN. ng thi so snh kt qu ly k vi kt qu tnh ton TTN k thut nh gi thc t vn hnh cng nh kh nng c TTN thng mi thuc khu vc ang xem xt. - m bo ph ti ng vi tng ng dy, tng khu vc (khng ln sector). - Kim tra, x l nghim v tuyn truyn ngn nga cc biu hin ly cp in: Tng cng cng tc kim tra chng cc hnh vi ly cp in, cn thc hin thng xuyn lin tc trn mi a bn, c bit l i vi cc khu vc nng thn mi tip nhn bn l; Phi hp vi cc c quan chc nng v chnh quyn a phng x l nghim theo ng quy nh i vi cc v vi phm ly cp in. Phi hp vi cc c quan truyn thng tuyn truyn ngn nga biu hin ly cp in. Gio dc cc nhn vin qun l vn hnh, cc n v v ngi dn quan tm n vn gim TTN, tit kim in nng. - Thc hin tng cng nghip v qun l khc: Xy dng v thc hin nghim quy nh qun l km, ch nim phong cng t, TU, TI , hp bo v h thng o m; xy dng quy nh kim tra, xc minh i vi cc trng hp cng t chy, mt cp, h hng nhm ngn nga hin tng thng ng vi khch hng vi phm s dng in; Tng cng phc tra ghi ch s cng t m bo vic ghi ch s ng quy nh ca quy trnh kinh doanh. Cc bin php qun l nu trn khng mi, vn l cch thc trin khai c hiu qu cao nht. Ty theo c im thc t, cc n v tip tc duy tr v tng cng cc bin php qun l ca mnh mang li hiu qu gim TTN.

1.

S pht trin ca li in phn phi Phn phi in l khu cui cng ca h thng in a in nng trc tip n ngi tiu dng. Li in phn phi bao gm li in trung p v li in h p. Tnh n cui nm 2004, tng chiu di ng dy trung p bng khong 115 nghn km, tng chiu di ng dy h p gn 110 nghn

km, tng dung lng cc trm bin p h p gn 29 nghn MVA. Li in phn phi do 3 cng ty in lc min, 2 cng ty in lc thnh ph v 3 cng ty in lc tnh qun l. n thng 6 nm 2005, li in phn phi cung cp in cho 525 huyn trong tng s 536 huyn trn 64 tnh thnh ph. Nu tnh theo s x, c 8689 x trong tng s 9024 x trn c nc c in. Cc x, huyn cn li cha c in li Quc gia hin ang s dng ngun in ti ch l thy in nh hoc my pht in diesel [1]. Chng trnh in nng thn ca Chnh ph s tip tc y mnh pht trin li in phn phi, m bo 100% s x, huyn c cp in. Cng vi Tng s pht trin in lc VI c ph duyt l k hoch ci to v pht trin li in trung p. Khi lng li in phn phi d kin xy dng n nm 2020 s bao gm hn 120.000 km ng dy trung p, gn 85.000 MVA trm phn phi v gn 93.000 km ng dy h p [1]. Khi lng d kin ci to v xy dng s tng ng vi khi lng li phn phi hin hu. Vi li in phn phi c quy m gp i hin ti, cc cng ty in lc v cc in lc tnh, thnh ph s phi i din vi nhng kh khn nht nh trong cng tc qun l u t xy dng v qun l vn hnh. Do vy, vic m bo v nng cao nng lc qun l l cn thit v phi ch trng ngay t giai on chun b hin nay. Cc vn k thut ca li in phn phi trong c vn gim tn tht in nng vn s l trng tm trong cng tc iu hnh qun l. gii quyt cc kh khn ny, ng thi nng cao nng lc qun l k thut trong c vn gim tn tht in nng, cc Cng ty in lc cn ng dng cc bin php cng ngh hin i ang ngy cng c s dng ph bin trn th gii. 2. Mt s c im ca li in phn phi Li in phn phi c cc c im v thit k v vn hnh khc vi li in truyn ti. Li in phn phi phn b trn din rng, thng vn hnh khng i xng v c tn tht ln hn. Kinh nghim cc in lc trn th gii cho thy tn tht thp nht trn li phn phi vo khong 4%, trong khi trn li truyn ti l khong 2% [2]. Vn tn tht trn li phn phi lin quan cht ch n cc vn k thut ca li in t giai on thit k n vn hnh. Do trn c s cc s liu v tn tht c th nh gi s b cht lng vn hnh ca li in phn phi. Trong nhng nm gn y, li in phn phi ca nc ta pht trin mnh,

cc Cng ty in lc cng c phn cp mnh v qun l. Cht lng vn hnh ca li phn phi c cng cao r rt, t l tn tht in nng gim mnh. T l tn tht trn li phn phi t mc cao nht ti Cng ty in lc 2 nm 2000 bng 12% n nm 2004 ch cn 9,4%. T l tn tht ca Cng ty in lc ng Nai sut 5 nm qua mc 4% n 5% gn mc thp nht. Mc d t l tn tht trn li in phn phi gim ng k trong thi gian qua,nhng mc gim tn tht ny vn cn rt khim tn. Chnh ph c quyt nh yu cu EVN gim mc tn tht trn ton li in (bao gm c li truyn ti) xung mc 11% vo nm 2006 v 9% vo nm 2010 [3]. Thc t trong 6 thng u nm 2007, mc tn tht in nng ca EVN l 11,43%, cao hn k hoch l 0,93% [4]. Nh vy vn cn nhiu bin php ng b cn thc hin t c mc tiu gim tn tht trn li in. Phn tch cc bin php gim tn tht in nng cho thy nu thc hin tt, tn tht in nng trn li phn phi c th h thp ng k. Chng hn nh trng hp in lc Th c, nm 2003 t l tn tht vo khong 5%, nm 2004 t l gim xung cn 4,79%, n nm 2005 l 4,32% v nm 2006 gim xung mc 4,15% [5]. Tn tht trn li in phn phi bao gm tn tht phi k thut (tn tht thng mi) v tn tht k thut. Tn tht phi k thut (tn tht thng mi) bao gm 4 dng tn tht nh sau [2]: Trm in (cu, mc trm). Khng thanh ton hoc chm thanh ton ha n tin in. Sai st tnh ton tn tht k thut. Sai st thng k phn loi v tnh ha n khch hng. Tn tht phi k thut ph thuc vo c ch qun l, quy trnh qun l hnh chnh, h thng cng t o m v thc ca ngi s dng. Tn tht phi k thut cng mt phn chu nh hng ca nng lc v cng c qun l ca bn thn cc in lc, trong c phng tin my mc, my tnh, phn mm qun l. Tn tht k thut trn li in phn phi ch yu trn dy dn v cc my bin p phn phi. Tn tht k thut bao gm tn tht cng sut tc dng v tn tht cng sut phn khng. Tn tht cng sut phn khng do t thng r v gy t trong cc my bin p v cm khng trn ng dy. Tn tht cng sut phn khng ch lm lch gc v t nh hng n tn tht in nng. Tn tht cng sut tc dng c nh hng ng k n tn tht in nng. Thnh phn tn tht in nng do tn tht cng sut tc dng c

tnh ton nh sau: A = P( t). dt (1) Trong , P(t) l tn tht cng sut tc dng trn ng dy v my bin p ti thi im t. Vic tnh ton tn tht in nng theo cng thc (1) thng thng thc hin theo phng php dng in ng tr ph thuc vo th ph ti hoc theo thi gian s dng 4 cng sut ln nht [7]. Tn tht cng sut tc dng bao gm tn tht st, do dng in Foucault trong li thp v tn tht ng do hiu ng Joule trong my bin p. Cc loi tn tht ny c cc nguyn nhn ch yu nh sau: ng dy phn phi qu di, bn knh cp in ln Tit din dy dn qu nh, ng dy b xung cp, khng c ci to nng cp My bin p phn phi thng xuyn mang ti nng hoc qu ti My bin p l loi c t l tn tht cao hoc vt liu li t khng tt dn n sau mt thi gian tn tht tng ln Vn hnh khng i xng lin tc dn n tng tn tht trn my bin p Nhiu thnh phn sng hi ca cc ph ti cng nghip tc ng vo cc cun dy my bin p lm tng tn tht Vn hnh vi h s cos thp do thiu cng sut phn khng 3. Cc gii php k thut gim tn tht trn li phn phi Mc tiu gim tn tht trn li in phn phi chu tc ng ca rt nhiu yu t v i hi nhiu bin php ng b. Cc bin php qun l, hnh chnh nhm gim tn tht thng mi cn thc hin song song vi cc n lc gim tn tht k thut. C th lit k cc bin php chnh gim tn tht k thut trong li in phn phi nh sau: Ti u ha cc ch vn hnh li in Hn ch vn hnh khng i xng Gim chiu di ng dy, ci to nng tit din dy dn hoc gim bn knh cp in ca cc trm bin p Lp t h thng t b cng sut phn khng m bo h s cng sut cos Tng dung lng cc my bin p chu ti nng, qu ti, la chn cc my bin p t l tn tht tht thp, li thp lm bng vt liu thp tt, lp t cc

my bin p 1 pha. Mt s cc bin php k thut cn thc hin trong giai on thit k-quy hoch hoc ci to, u t xy dng cng trnh. Tuy nhin, cc bin php k thut p dng trong qu trnh vn hnh li l cc bin php thit thc v hiu qu nht v thng gp nhiu kh khn. Chng hn, ph ti c c im bin ng theo thi gian v tng ln theo khu vc, do dung lng thit b b cng sut phn khng ti cc nt s lun thay i ch khng bt bin. Do vy cn phi xc nh li cc v tr lp t v iu chnh lng cng sut b trn 5 li in khi cn thit. Vi v tr lp t v lng cng sut b ti u, c th gim t 5% n 20% mc tn tht in nng [2]. Vn hnh khng i xng nh hng n t l tn tht nhng vic xc nh v phn tch cc phng n vn hnh tm ra phng n ti u rt kh khn. Tng t nh vy, hin nay ph ti cng nghip tng ln ng k, thnh phn sng hi ca cc ph ti loi ny l nguyn nhn tng tn tht in nng trong cc my bin p. Vic phn tch, nh gi nhm a ra bin php gim cc tc ng ca sng hi i hi nhng phng tin cng ngh nht nh. Mt gii php cng ngh cho php gii quyt c bn cc vn k thut trn c T vn KEMA (M) kin ngh s dng trong cc Cng ty in lc [6, mc 7.5.2]. chnh l ng dng phn mm cng ngh phn tch li in phn phi Phn mm phn tch li in phn phi thc hin cc tnh ton ti u ch vn hnh, lp cc phng n x l trong cc trng hp s c, sa thi ph ti. S li in c m t theo pha v phn b trn nn bn s cho php lp k hoch thi im xut hin ph ti, tnh ton cc ch lm vic ca li in phn phi. Ngoi vic gii quyt cc vn k thut nh phn tch phn b cng sut phn khng, xc nh cc thnh phn sng hi, tnh ton ch vn hnh khng i xng, gii php phn mm cn cho php tnh ton lp k hoch gim tn tht trn c s ti u ha ch vn hnh li in. K hoch gim tn tht in nng c th c xy dng t nhiu cc 6 phng n k thut v theo l trnh phn b theo thi gian. K hoch cng c th thay i cp nht ph hp vi s bin ng ca ph ti hoc ngun in cung cp. Vi cc chc nng kt hp nh gi v phn tch tin cy vn hnh ca li in, phn mm l cng c h tr cng tc thit k, qun l vn hnh hin i ang c s dng trn th gii. Cc gii php nh qun l s c

(OMS-Outage Management System), ng dng nn bn s (GIS) hay ht hp vi h thng thu thp v qun l d liu (SCADA) u c th ng dng cng vi phn mm. Nng cao nng lc thng qua cc cng c hin i v ng b l mt trong nhng hng i tch cc nhm t c mc tiu v qun l vn hnh li in phn phi. Gim tn tht in nng s vn l mc tiu quan trng ca cc cng ty in lc. Gii php phn mm phn tch li in phn phi l mt cng c mnh ang c khai thc s dng rt hiu qu ti nhiu cng ty in lc trn th gii. Vic tip cn v lm ch cng ngh l bin php hiu qu gip nng cao nng lc ca cc k s thit k v vn hnh li in.

Theo s liu t EVN, nm 2008, t l tn tht in nng ca EVN gim xung cn 9,35%. So vi con s 21,5% ca nm 1995 th y l mt k tch v bnh qun mi nm gim gn 0,93%, lm li gn 200 t ng. Tuy nhin, theo yu cu ca Chnh ph, n nm 2010 EVN phi gim t l tn tht xung 8% th ng l nhim v bt kh thi.

Nhiu nguyn nhn gy tn tht Theo ng Phm L Thanh- Tng gim c EVN, nhng tn tht hin nay ca ngnh in ch yu trong khu truyn ti v phn phi. Trong , tn tht k thut l loi tn tht khng th trnh c do hin tng pht nhit ca vt liu dn in, v vy, vi tnh trng li in cng c nt th tn tht cng ln. Thc t li in hin nay hu ht u trong tnh trng qu ti nghim trng nhng ngnh in cha th u t ci to nng cp v thiu vn. ng dy 500 kV Bc Nam cng lun trong tnh trng y ti chuyn in t Nam ra Bc, m ng dy cng y ti th t l tn tht cng tng. Vic mua in t Trung Quc truyn ti v qua li 110kV cht lng khng m bo, in p cui ngun thp cng gp phn lm tng tn tht in nng ca cc tnh min ni pha Bc. Ngoi ra, tnh trng tht thot in nng do ngi tiu dng n cp in vn cn a c tn tht in nng v 8% vo nm 2010 theo ch o ca Chnh ph th trong 2 nm 20092010, ngnh in s phi u t khong 15.596 t ng loi b cc my bin p c tn tht cao, nng cp in p, thay th dy dn ph hp vi tng trng ph ti.

c bit, nu tip nhn ton b li in h p nng thn vo gia nm 2010 theo k hoch th mc tn tht in nng ca EVN s tng thm 2,23%. Bi l, hin nay hu ht c s h tng li in nng thn tt c cc a phng u rt c nt. T l tn tht in nng thn nhng ni cha bn giao ln ti 15 25%, c ni ti 30-40%. Chnh iu ny lm tng t l tn tht chung ca ngnh in. Nu khc phc ngay tnh trng ny th ngnh in s phi thay gn nh ton b cng t, my bin p, ct in, dy dn vi s tin u t rt ln. y l yu cu rt kh thc hin trong iu kin EVN lun trong tnh trng thiu vn nghim trng nh hin nay. Nhiu kinh nghim hay gim tn tht, EVN v ang ch o cc n v quyt lit hn trong cng tc chng tn tht in nng. Theo , cc n v phi ch trng u t ci to ti thiu, m bo an ton vn hnh li in, thay th cc cng t khng m bo, b sung kim nh cng t lp t, thay th ng lot cng t c ti cc khu vc li in mi tip nhn, c bin php qun l cht ch, hiu qu bn nhn lm dch v in...

Cng tc chun b cho tip nhn li in h p nng thn ti CN Hng Nguyn-in lc Ngh An in lc Bnh nh thnh lp t kim tra s dng in phi hp vi cc chi nhnh in tng cng kim tra k h thng o m, s u dy, thng s ci t, c bit quan tm nhng khch hng c sn lng tiu th in ln v c kh nng gian ln trong s dng in; tng cng phc tra ch s cng-t, trin khai lp t cng-t 3 gi; thay th nhng cng-t qu hn s dng; pht quang hnh lang tuyn, x l hin tng phng in b mt s, mi ni qu nhit gy s c t dy; sa cha, xy dng c bn li in, bo m cu trc li hp l; kim tra, hon chuyn cc my bin p, sp xp li hp l cc trm trung gian v cn pha

cho cc trm bin p pht hin c tnh trng lch pha. Kim tra cng sut phn khng, t nc phn p cc trm bin p ph hp vi tng khu vc, tng a phng. Cng ty in lc 3 qun l rt cht vic ghi ch s cng t, ch k hp ng lm dch v thu tin in v mt s cng vic phi hp khc, khng thu ghi ch s cng t trnh tnh trng gian ln ngay t khu ghi ch s in. Cng ty in lc Hi Phng giao ch tiu tn tht in nng vo h s thng pht tin cng cho bn nhn lm dch v. in lc Gia Lai thnh lp t, nhm thng xuyn kim tra v ch o vic thc hin gim tn tht in nng. Ti cc chi nhnh u c k s in chuyn theo di, gii trnh nguyn nhn v bin php x l cc trm bin p (TBA) c tn tht bt thng bng nhng con s c th v cng t chy, hng; khch hng lp mi cha ghi s; khch hng n cp in; phng s; cy va qut vo ng dy; cc trng hp truyn ti h... Thng xuyn iu chnh in p u ngun m bo cp in trong cc gi cao im, khc phc tnh trng in p thp; lp t cc TBA trung gian 35/22kV. Cc chi nhnh tp trung ci to h thng in ti cc khu vc mi tip nhn, x l cc cng t cha c ci to; kim tra ton b cc h thng o m TBA chuyn dng; ti cc u cc h p my bin p chuyn dng c qun bng keo, nim ch ngn chn vic trm cp in; khon qun l n tng cng nhn theo tng khu vc, phc tra, kim tra nh k ti cc n v c t l in tn tht cao. Cng ty in lc 1 giao ch tiu tn tht in nng cho cc t qun l v tr lng cho cn b cng nhn vin theo ch tiu ny; x l cc trm bin p non ti, khc phc tnh trng lch pha, thay th nh k cng t o m, qun l lch ghi ch s cng t xy dng chng trnh chng qu ti, trong cc ng dy v TBA. Ti cc khu vc mi tip nhn li in phi thay th 100% cng t 3 pha. i vi cc d n ci to, phi phi hp vi cc n v thi cng, khi nghim thu phi r sot, cng c nim phong trnh trng hp cc n v thi cng lm u to s h cho vic trm cp in. Tng cng bin php k thut pht hin ly cp in nh iu tra thng tin nc danh t cng ng, thnh lp ng dy nng Kt qu l cc m hnh trn u em li hiu qu kh cao. gii quyt kh khn v vn, EVN cng ch o cc n v y nhanh tin thc hin v gii ngn cc ngun vn vay u i ca nc ngoi trong cc d n in nng thn. Ring PC 3 cn tn dng ti a ngun vn vay 30 triu USD t d

n Pht trin nng lng ti to v ci to, nng cp li in cc x vng su, vng xa do ADB ti tr co to li in h p sau tip nhn. Yu cu cc cng ty in lc ng k nhu cu vn u t giai on 2010 2012 EVN s tip tc thu xp cc ngun vay u i ODA cho cc d n in nng thn Bn khon bi ton kinh t Mc d ht sc c gng nhng thc t, mun gim tn tht hn ch tng gi in th phi vn u t h tng tt. ku gi c vn u t th gi in phi sc hp dn cc nh u t. Th nhng tng gi in s nh hng n rt nhiu vn Bi ton qu trng con g xem ra p s c nhng lm th no i n p s ny vn rt nan gii. Vi nhng kh khn , EVN phi cn nhc, nu a t l tn tht v 8% ngay trong nm 2010 theo yu cu ca Chnh ph th trc mt ngnh in s phi u t khong 15.596 t ng. Khi , lng in tn tht tng ng s gim c 1,902 t kWh/nm, tng ng 1.658 t ng (cha k li vay). Tnh chung, c giai on 2009-2012 phi ci to, nng cp ton b li in trung h p p ng yu cu gim tn tht in nng s cn ti 45.573 t ng. Cch u t ny r rng khng kinh t. l cha k, nu thc hin k hoch ci to gp li in trn din rng trong thi gian ngn s phi ct in rt nhiu. iu ny s nh hng ln n sn xut kinh doanh v cc sinh hot x hi. Khc phc nhng bt cp ny, EVN trnh ln B Cng Thng n gim tn tht in nng giai on 2009-2012 vi ngh gi t l tn tht nm 2010 l 9%, nm 2011 s gim xung cn 10,1%, gim dn n nm 2012 cn 8,8% v s t ch tiu tn tht cn 8% vo nm 2015. Theo EVN, y l gii php tt nht cn i l trnh gim tn tht in trong iu kin va phi cn i hp l ngun vn, va m bo p ng nhu cu in sn xut v sinh hot.