LY MU THC PHM

I.

Gii thiu chung

Ly mu thc phm kim tra l mt phn ca bin php tin quyt m bo an ton thc phm, ng gp quan trng trong vic bo v sc kho cng ng v bt buc nh cung cp phi tun theo cc quy nh ca c quan chc nng. Ly mu h tr cho: bo v sc kho cng ng, thanh tra khiu ni, thanh tra ng c hoc nhim thc phm, gim st s tun th cc quy nh v v sinh an ton thc phm v cung cp bng chng khoa hc v cht lng sn phm. Ly mu l giai on quan trng trong vic nh gi cht lng l sn phm, mu phi phn nh chnh xc mi c im cht lng v phi c trng cho thnh phn trung bnh ca l, do vic ly mu khng ng cch s dn n nh gi sai v sn phm. Chng ta cn phi c cc chng trnh gim st vic m bo cht lng v sinh an ton ca cc sn phm thc phm do: Thc phm v ung c th l nguyn nhn nh hng n sc kho con ngi do chng b nhim cc vi sinh vt gy hi/ hoc cc c t (cht c) - hin tng ny gi l ng c thc phm. Cc vi sinh vt hu ht l vi khun hoc nm mc m mt thng khng nhn thy c, ch c th pht hin cc vi sinh vt c hi ny bng cch kim tra mu ti cc phng th nghim phn tch thc phm. Mt s thc phm c th sinh ra cc mi nguy t nhin cho ngi tiu dng nu chng c tng tr khng ng cch. Bng cch ly mu kim tra, chng ta tm cc li nhim thc phm v khc phc cc vn trc khi n c th gy hi n sc kho con ngi. Chng trnh ly mu gim st cht lng thc phm l rt quan trng trong ngnh cng ngh thc phm v cc c quan chc nng cn tuyn b r rng v vai tr ca vic ly mu, cch ly mu v theo di kt qu kim tra mu nh th no nh cung cp thc phm cng nh thanh tra vin hiu r v thc hin tt vai tr ca mnh. Vic ly mu gim st lm cho cng chng c lng tin v s an ton ca cc sn phm thc phm c sn xut v/ hoc bn trn th trng. Cc quy nh ny phi thit thc v nht qun. Chng trnh ly mu gim st cht lng thc phm c tin hnh hng nm, k hoch trin khai c son tho u nm cng cc quy trnh, th tc v chng trnh d nh tin hnh. Mu c th c thu thp t cc a im lkhc nhau nh: ti nh my sn xut; t cc nh nhp khu, cc i l bn bun; t cc ca hng bn l; thc n t cc bp n ... Vi s lng v trng lng mu phi cho vic kim tra cht lng v c ngha thng k. Chng ta khng th kim tra 100% sn phm bi 6 l do sau: 1) Mu sau khi th nghim s b bin dng; 2) Chi ph kim tra tn km; 3) Hn ch v thi gian v k thut; 4) Khi l hng c s lng ln th sai s kim tra s ln; 5) Khi h s cht lng ca nh cuung cp tt th

khng cn kim tra 100%; 6) Khi sn phm tim n kh nng nguy c cao th c cc bin php gim st tip theo [1]. Ngi ly mu l ngi c tp hun v k thut ly mu m bo cc mu thu c khng b nhim trong qu trnh ly mu. Ngi ly mu phi ghi r rng cc yu cu chnh xc ca mu bao gm c nhit lu gi, ngy sn xut, hn s dng... Mu c gi n phng th nghim c ch nh ngay khi c th nhit c kim sot (nu cn), nu khng phi bo qun mu iu kin c kim sot cho n khi mu c gi i phn tch. Phng th nghim c yu cu kim tra l phng th nghim t yu cu theo ISO 17025:2005. Cc ch tiu kim tra (theo k hoch) kim tra mc nh hng n cht lng ch yu ca sn phm v cc ch tiu v nhim. Thng bo kt qu: kt qu phn tch mu thc phm s c thng bo nh sau:
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Mu t yu cu: trong vng 7 ngy k t khi c quan chc nng nhn kt qu, c quan s thng bo cho doanh nghip l kt qu t yu cu. Khng cn ly mu thm ti thi im ny. Mu chp nhn c: trong vng 7 ngy k t khi c quan chc nng nhn kt qu, c quan s thng bo cho doanh nghip l kt qu c chp nhn v gia t v khng t, chng ta s khng ly mu li ti thi im ny nhng a ra mt s khuyn co ci tin cht lng, hoc ly mu li nu cn. Kt qu khng t yu cu: C quan chc nng lin h vi lnh o doanh nghip trong vng 7 ngy v thng bo v mu khng t yu cu, yu cu c cc bin php khc phc, ly mu kim tra li chc chn hnh ng khc phc c hiu qu. Cc doanh nghip c quyn khiu ni v nhng quyt nh do c quan chc nng ban hnh thiu chnh xc lm nh hng n vic kinh doanh ca doanh nghip. Phm vi

II.

Ti liu ny a ra nhng hng dn v vic ly mu thanh tra nhm kim sot cc sn phm thc phm sn xut v phn phi trn th trng m bo an ton v sinh thc phm cho ngi s dng.
III.

Cc thut ng v nh ngha

- Mu: L mt n v hoc nhm sn phm ly t mt tp hp (tng th) cung cp thng tin v c th lm c s a ra quyt nh i vi tp hp . - Phng php ly mu: L th tc ly mu hoc to mu. - Tp hp: Tp hp (hoc tng th) l ton th cc n v sn phm c xt. Ty theo trng hp tng th c th l mt l, mt s l hay mt qu trnh sn xut.

n v sn phm: i tng c th hoc mt lng vt cht xc nh trn tin hnh cc php th.
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n v ly mu: L n v mt sn phm m t ly ra mu phn tch. n v ly mu c th l mt hay mt nhm n v sn phm. L hng: L hng (hay l sn phm) l lng hng nht nh c cng tn gi, cng mt hng cht lng, cng mt loi bao gi, cng mt nhn hiu (k hiu nhn), sn xut trong cng mt x nghip v cng mt khong thi gian gn nhau, vn chuyn cng mt phng tin v giao nhn cng mt lc. - Mu ban u: L mt lng sn phm c ly cng mt lc t mt n v tng th (c bao gi hoc khng bao gi). Mu ring: Mu ring (hay cn gi l mu c s) l mu thu c bng cch phi hp N mu ban u ly t mt tp hp lm i din cho tp hp .
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- Mu chung: L tp hp tt c mu ring ca mt tp hp. - Mu trung bnh th nghim: L mu c chun b t mu chung nhm tin hnh cc phn tch, xt nghim. - Nhm n v bao gi: Da vo ln (lng cha) camootj n v bao gi, ngi ta chia cc n v bao gi ra 3 nhm: 1) Lng cha ca n v bao gi khng vt qu ln ca mt mu th nghim; 2) Lng cha ca 1 n v bao gi ln hn ln ca mt mu trung bnh th nghim nhng khng vt qu ln ca ba mu trung bnh th nghim; 3) Lng cha ca mt n v bao gi ln hn ln ca ba mu trung bnh th nghim. Mc cht lng chp nhn AQL (acceptable quality level, hay NQA Niveau de qualit acceptable): l t l phn trm cc i cc khuyt tt (hay s khuyt tt trn 100 n v) m ngi sn xut phi m bo, tngng vi gii hn trung bnh ca sn xut c chp nhn.
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Kim tra mu (sample inspection): hot ng o lng, kim tra, th nghim hoc o mt hoc nhiu c tnh ca mt sn phm hoc dch v, v so snh kt qu vi cc yu cu c th chng minh tng c tnh c t s ph hp hay khng.
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Kim tra ban u (first inspection): kim tra ban u ca mt l theo ISO 2859-1:1999.
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Kim tra nghim thu (inspection by attribute): Kim tra m t hng mc c phn loi mt cch n gin l ph hp hoc khng ph hp tng ng vi mt hoc mt tp hp nhng yu cu c th, hoc s khng ph hp trong mt hng mc m c. Khng ph hp (nonconformity): khng p ng y mt yu cu c th.
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Sn phm li (defect product): Khng p ng y mt yu cu ca mc ch s dng.

Hng mc khng ph hp (nonconforming item): hng mc c mt hoc nhiu c tnh khng ph hp.
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Phn trm khng ph hp trong mt mu (percent nonconforming) : mt trm ln s hng mc ph hp trong mt mu chia cho c mu, v ngc li. Phn trm khng ph hp trong mt qun th hoc mt l (percent nonconforming) : mt trm ln s hng mc khng ph hp trong mt qun th hoc mt l chia cho qun th hoc c l, v ngc li.
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C l (lot size): s hng mc trong mt l.

Mu (sample): tp hp ca mt hoc nhiu hng mc c ly t mt l v mang cc thng tin i din cho l. C mu (sample size): s hng mc trong mt mu. S ly mu (sampling plan): T hp ca cc c mu dng v lin kt cc ch tiu chp nhn l. K hoch ly mu (sampling scheme): T hp cc s ly mu vi quy nh i t mt s sang s khc. Kim tra thng (normal inspection): dng mt s ly mu vi mt tiu ch chp nhn c t ra m bo nh sn xut c kh nng c chp nhn cao khi trung bnh qu trnh ca l tt hn gii hn chp nhn cht lng. Trung bnh qu trnh (process average): mc qu trnh trung bnh trn mt khong thi gian hoc mt lng sn xut.
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Kim tra cht (tighten inspection): s dng mt s ly mu vi mt tiu ch chp nhn cht hn s kim tra thng tng ng. Kim tra gim (reduced inspection): s dng mt s ly mu vi mt c mu nh hn s tng ng ca kim tra thng v mt ch tiu chp nhn so vi s kim tra thng tng ng. Gii hn chp nhn cht lng AQL (acceptance quality limit): mc cht lng m dung sai ti trung bnh qu trnh khi nhng l lin tc c ly mu chp nhn.
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Cc t vit tt Acceptance number Rejection number acceptance quality limit Phng php ly mu a im ly mu v cc trng hp ly mu S chp nhn S hu b Gii hn chp nhn cht lng

Ac Re AQL IV.

IV.1. Cc im cn lu ban u
IV.1.1. a. Ly mu trn th trng

Sn phm c sn xut, phn phi v bn l trn a bn tnh c ly mu v gim st cht lng v an ton thc phm. Cc mu c thu thp v gi i phn tch ti cc phng th nghim c cng nhn, k c thc phm nhp khu. Cc h kinh doanh, ngi tiu dng hoc ngi bn hng hiu c iu kin bo qun v tng tr sn phm trc khi s dng.
b. Ly mu ti nh my

Mu ly ti nh my sn xut thc phm, trong qu trnh ch bin m bo an ton v cht lng ca sn phm cui cng, v nh gi hiu qu kim sot trng yu ca qu trnh ch bin. Cc doanh nghip s xem xt v c cc bin php thch hp trong vic ngn chn cc nguy c v nhim vi sinh vt, ho hc v vt l trong qu trnh sn xut.
c. Khiu ni

Khi nhn c khiu ni, thng tin v cht lng thc phm, thc phm c ly i phn tch kim tra v cc chuyn gia trong ngnh s thanh tra gii quyt cc khiu ni.
d. Thanh tra ng c thc phm

Khi c ng c thc phm, mu thc phm c em i kim tra xc nh ngun c th gy nhim c kim sot mi nguy nh hng n sc kho cng ng.
e. Thanh tra c bit

Mu thc phm c th c ly v kim tra khi c cnh bo v thc phm , hoc nhn c thng tin tim n vn an ton thc phm.
f. Thc phm nhp khu

Thc phm nhp khu cng c ly mu v kim tra kim sot an ton v cht lng ca sn phm.
g. Cc ch tiu kim tra -

Vi sinh vt: xc nh cc vi sinh vt thng thng v cc mm bnh c th (vd: Sammonella,...) Cc ch tiu ho l Cc dng c, bao b tip xc trc tip vi sn phm D lng ho cht bo v thc vt, kim loi nng C th cc ch tiu kim tra i vi tng i tng sn phm ph lc I [2] Theo di quy trnh th tc ly mu Cc mu kim tra c kt qu khng t yu cu theo quy nh ca nh nc hoc cng b trn sn phm s c thng bo cho nh cung cp v c bin php x l

h. Cc hnh ng tip theo -

Theo di vic khc phc ca mu khng t yu cu. Kim tra s b l sn phm

IV.1.2.

Trc khi ly mu phi kim tra s b tnh ng nht ca l hng da theo cc quy nh chung v i chiu vi h s l hng km theo v kim tra y tnh trng bao b trong l hng . Nu l hng ang bo qun trong kho th cn kim tra tnh trng kho. Trong trng hp sn phm khng ng nht (nh h hng tng phn, m ts, nhiu quy trnh khc nhau) th phi chia l hng ra nhiu phn, mi phn c tnh cht gn nh nhau lm mt l hng ring bit. Trc khi ly mu cn xem xt bao gi ngoi ca sn phm v trong chng mc c th cn xem xt bao gi ca tng n v sn phm. Sn phm trong bao gi b h hng phi c loi b v ghi ch trong bin bn ly mu.
IV.1.3.

V tr ly mu: v tr ly mu c xc nh theo v tr ngu nhin nhng cn lm sch mu ly ra khng b nhim.

IV.1.4. Trng hp dy bn ngu nhin: Nu nh ngu nhin trn b mt sn phm b dy bn th phi nh nhng b i. Trng hp khi s dy bn li nh hng n cht lng sn phm th khng c loi b m phi xem nh l 1 thnh phn ca sn phm. IV.1.5.
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Ly mu hng: C hai trng hp cn ly mu kim tra nh sau:

Trng hp sn phm c bao gi: t mt l hng cn kim tra ly ra nhng bao gi mt cch ngu nhin ly cc mu ban u gp cc mu ban u thnh mu ring gp cc mu ring ly ra mu chung t mu chung ly ra mu trung bnh th nghim.

- Trng hp sn phm khng c bao gi: t mt l hng cn kim tra ly ra nhng mu ban u gp cc mu ban u thnh mu chung t mu chung ly ra mu trung bnh th nghim. IV.2. Dng c ly mu IV.2.1. Hnh dng i vi cc loi sn phm khc nhau, hnh dng ca cc loi dng c ly mu cng khc nhau. Cn s dng nhng dng c no c th cho ta kh nng ly c mu ban u t nhng dy bt k ca cc lp khc nhau ca l hng. Hnh dng, vt liu ch to v ln, di ca dng c ly mu v dng c cha mu u phi da vo cc tiu chun ph hp cho tng loi sn phm ring bit. Ngoi ra cc chi tit ph nh que, dy, ng dn, nt cng phi m bo khng nh hng n tnh cht ha, l ca sn phm. i vi cc sn phm dng lng th thng dng cc dng c nh ng, dy t vt liu bng nha, thy tinh. Dng c ly mu t ti hng: xin bao ti, hnh tr xin, hnh nn, mung xc cm tay.

Dng c ly mu t ng hng gm xing, mung xc cm tay, dng c ly mu hnh tr, hnh nn, my ly mu v cc dng c khc. Ngoi ra cn cc dng c khc nh: - Dng c m hm - Khay trn mu: m bo kh, sch, khng gy thi nhim ra mu - Ti ng mu bng polyetylen hay l thy tinh nt mi sch, kh, khng c mi l - Cn k thut - n cn, dao, ko. IV.2.2. Chun b dng c ly mu Dng c ly mu phi c ra sch, sy hoc lau kh, t nht phi c trng bng cn hoc bng sn phm cn ly mu ba ln. Sn phm dng trng dng c nht thit khng c dng li lm mu phn tch (khng c trn chung vi mu). Cn c bit gi gn cn thn bo m tt c cc dng c ly mu v cc vt liu cha mu u sch, kh khng b nhim bn ngu nhin nh nc, bi. IV.3. Cc dng mu thng ly kim tra Mu ly t dy chuyn sn xut, gm mu nguyn liu, bn thnh phm hoc thnh phm. l mt h thng mu lin tc, vic ly mu cho php kim tra qui trnh sn xut c n nh khng. Mu ly trong mt l, thng l mu trong kho nguyn liu hoc kho bn thnh phm. l mt tp hp xc nh. Mu cho php xc nh v nh gi cht lng ca sn phm, thng thng l nh gi theo t l khuyt tt. Ty theo loi mt hng m quy nh mu sao cho ph hp, d i din, d phn tch:
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i vi sn phm lng ng chai, ng hp nh nc khong, nc gii kht, bia, sa th n v mu l chai hoc hp. i vi sn phm ri nh qu trng, qu cam, ko, bnh th n v mu l qu, thng hay mt n v khi lng, nhng i vi sn phm qu nh nh qu nho th n v mu l chm hoc kilgam

Phi tin hnh ly mu nhanh v vi iu kin khng cho tnh cht ca sn phm b nh hng (nh nng, bi, nng, lnh ). Trong qu trnh ly mu ban u v trong tt c cc thao tc tip theo cn cn thn, trnh gy nhim bn hoc bt k bin i no khc c th gy nh hng n kt qu phn tch, kim tra ca mu i din chung. 4.3.1. Ly mu cc sn phm c bao gi Cc bao gi c ly mt cch khch quan, khng theo ch quan ca ngi ly cho d cht lng sn phm bn trong l tt hay xu.

Khi ly ngu nhin cc bao gi ly mu ban u tin hnh vo lc bc d hay xp sn phm th phi theo nguyn tc ly mu u n ngha l vic ly mu ban u c tin hnh trong khong thi gian gn bng nhau ( cc mu thu c c gi tr gn nh nhau). Mu ban u phi ly t cc v tr khc nhau ca bao gi cc dy khc nhau c l. 4.3.2. Ly mu cc sn phm dng lng, st, bt nho Trc khi ly mu ban u trong cc thng ng cn khuy trn u cc sn phm nu thy cn thit. Nu sn phm phn thnh lp v kh khuy trn th mu phi ly t mi lp vi t l tng ng vi lng sn phm ca lp . Trng hp sn phm dng chy hoc c khuy o tt th cn l vi dng c (thit b) ng sn phm ly mu. Khi ly phi ch n b su ca vt cha v chiu cao ca ct cht lng. Cn phi ly mu tt c cc cao ca ct cht lng. Mu phi c trn k bi v ch mt lng nh ca mu cng c th cho thng tin chnh xc v tng th ca n. Nu kh trn th c th ly mu theo tng lp, vng, cm. Ch cht lng gn thnh ng, ti cc ch un, gp, khng phn nh gi tr thc ca tng th nn cn trnh. Cht lng c nht qu ln thng khng ng u v vy c th un nng hoc lm ng c p dng phng php ly mu cht rn. 4.3.3. Ly mu cht kh - Trng hp kh trng thi ng: ng ly mu cn t vo gia dng khng kh. Nu trong dng kh c vt rn (nh bui, ht,) th ng ly mu phi thng, ming rng d lau chi v sa cha. Khi ly mu cn cho khng kh trong ng ly mu c thay th hon ton bi vy ng ly mu kh cn ngn v xc nh ng thi gian khi tng th thay th hon ton kh ca ng. Khi ly mu kh ti ni c p sut m (thp hn mi trng) cn phi kim tra s r r ca ng, sau khi ly cn cnbng p sut trnh lt kh ra ngoi hoc ngc li.
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Trng hp kh trng thi tnh (trong bnh):

Do kh c trn sn nn c th ly mu ti mt a im bt k. Tuy nhin cng cn phi kim tra trnh tnh trng kh trn khng ng u.
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Nu kh trng thi na tnh

Chng ta coi nh mu ng u nhng cn trnh ly ming bnh, ly ni c coi l trn k. 4.3.4. Ly mu sn phm dng ri v khng bao gi (dng ht v cc)

Vi sn phm dng ht, ni chung c s khc nhau v gi tr ca cc ch tiu gia ht ln v ht nh v vy cn to mu sao cho s phn b gia ht trong mu gn ging vi s phn b ht trong l. Trong sn xut (trong qa trh lm sch, ch bin, ng bao gi, vn chuyn bc d) hoc trong thi gian bo qun cc loi ht c cng kch thc v cng t trng thng tp trung vo mt ni v vy nn ly mu khi sn phm trng thi ng v nn tng s lng mu ban u v mu ring.
IV.4. Chun b mu IV.4.1.

Chun b sn phm dng lng, st, m, bt

Tt c cc mu ly ban u c cho vo bnh sch v kh c nt y kn. Mu chung c trn cn thn thu c mt hn hp ng nht, sau ly t hn hp ny mu trung bnh th nghim.
IV.4.2.

Chun b sn phm dng ht v cc

Tt c cc mu ban u ly c trong mt dng c (chai, ti nilon chuyn dng) sao cho sn phm khng b dy bn hoc b ht m, bay hi nc). Trong trng hp mu dng cc, trc tin phi nghin thnh cc nh hn (vi kch thc khng qu 25mm). Dng c nghinphi c lm t vt liu cng hn so vi sn phm v khng c lm bn hay thay i tnh cht sn phm. Nu trong mu c ln cc khc bit vi sn phm th phi nghin nh ri u hoc b i v trong tnh ton cui cng pah tnh c lng tp cht ny. Sau khi nhn mu chung bng cch trn, cn trn u v tip tc nghin nh n kch thc yu cu (tu thuc tng loi sn phm) v lc gim n mu trung bnh th nghim.
IV.5. Bao gi, vn chuyn, bo qun mu trung bnh

Mu trung bnh th nghim c ng trong cc dng c sch, tr trnh b nhim bn, trnh b h hng mu trong khi vn chuyn. Dng c cha mu phi c nim phong sao cho c th pht hin c trng hp m tri php v gi ngay n phng th nghim cng sm cng tt trnh mt hay h hng mu. mu lu phi c bo qun ni kh ro, sch s, thong mt nhit v d m ca khng kh ph hp vi tng loi sn phm. Trn mi bao gi mu phi ghi r:
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Tn v loi sn phm S l hng Tn c s sn xut Ngy thng sn xut Khi lng mu Ngi ly mu Ngy v ni ly mu

Khi gi mu i c km bo co, trong bo co c ghi r tnh trng l hng khi ly mu v k thut ly mu (theo phng php no ca TCVN, ISO,...). Nu ly mu khc vi tiu chun t ra th cn thuyt minh r c s ca phng php c s dng. Sau k hi nhn c kt qu kim nghim mu khng t, nu cn, phi tin hnh ly mu ln th hai ngay chnh trn l hng vi s lng kin gp i ln u. Kt qu ln th hai l quyt nh i vi cht lng l hng.
IV.6. Bin bn ly mu

Khi ly mu phi tun theo nhng quy nh nu v ghi bin bn. Cc bin bn ly mu nh trong ph lc II.
IV.7. K thut ly mu v x l kt qu IV.7.1.

Sai s trong ly mu v mc chp nhn cht lng

Mu khng th i din tuyt i cho l hng ngay c khi chng ta p dng nhng phng php ly mu tin tin nht, vic chp nhn hay loi b l hng ph thuc vo kt qu kim tra, phn tch. Trong thc t trong l hng c a % sn phm khuyt tt, khi phn tch mu ta tm c a % sn phm c khuyt tt. Vic chp nhn hay loi b l hng ph thuc vo gi tr ca a.
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Nu a>a (mu c t l khuyt tt cao hn thc t) ta loi b l hng th ta loi b i l hng tt, iu ny s lm thit hi cho x nghip, ta phm phi sai s loi b l hng tt. Nu a<a (mu c t l khuyt tt nh hn thc t) ta chp nhn l hng th ta chp nhn mt l hng xu, iu ny s lm thit hi cho ngi tiu dng. Ta phm phi sai s chp nhn l hng xu.

Nh vy khi chp nhn hoc loi b l hng chng ta u phm phi mt sai s, hn na xhng ta khng th bit chnh xc t l sn phm khuyt tt trong l hng nn chng ta phi cn c vo mc cht lng chp nhn.
IV.7.2.

K thut ly mu

Ly mu ngu nhin n gin

Thng p dng khi ly mu trong kho, trong mt tp hp ta ly ra mt lng mu bt k nhng a im bt k da vo bng ngu nhin (ph lc III). V d trong kho c 10000 sn phm xp theo mt trt t nht nh c th xc nh c v tr t 1 n 10000 theo mt quy lut no y. Ta cn ly ra 200 mu sn phm, dng bng s ngu nhin. T mt v tr bt k trong bng s ngu nhin ta chn mt s c 4 ch s, s l mu s 1, ln lt dng sang phi (hoc sang tri, ln trn, xung di) ghi li cc con s tip theo cho n khi 200 nh vy, Gi tr 200 con s va chn l v tr ca 200 mu cn ly trong tp hp 10000 sn phm. Ly mu ngu nhin n gin ny s i din kh cht cho l hng nn ta c chnh xc cao nhng th t ly mu khng theo trt t no nn ly mu kh vt v, i khi kh thc hin.

Ly mu ngu nhin h thng

C th p dng cho ly mu trn dy chuyn sn xut lin tc hoc ly sn phm trong kho. Thng thng ngi ta ly sn phm sn xut ra cch u nhau mt gi tr K no gi l khong ly mu. Khong ly mu ph thuc vo ln ca l (N) v c mu (n). Khi : K=N/n. V d: Trong mt ca sn xut 5000 chai nc khong, kim tra cht lng sn phm ca ca chng ta cn ly 100 chai lm mu. Khong ly mu s l K=50. C ngha l ca cch 50 chai ta li ly mt chai, v chai u tin ly l mt s ngu nhin. Mu tip theo s l s t nhin c tnh bng tng ca s trc cng vi 50. (gi s mu u tin l chai th 11 th mu th hai l 11+50 = 61). Trng hp ly trong kho cng tng t nh vy.

Ly mu nhiu mc

Ngi ta s dng phng php ny khi sn phm bo qun trong kho c sp xp trn cc gi, trong thng, trong hp. K thut ly mu lc ny l phn chia l hng trong kho thnh nhiu mc. - Mc th nht: cc gi - Mc th hai: cc thng - Mc th 3: cc hp ... Nguyn l ly mu nh sau - Ly ngu nhin mt s n v mc th nht - Tip theo trong s cc n v mc th nht chn c ta ly ngu nhin mt s n v mc th hai. - Cui cng ta chn ngu nhin cc mu mc th ba t cc n v mc th hai chn. Vic ly mu nh vy gi l ly mu theo mc gim dn. c im ca ly ngu nhin nhiu mc l n gin nhng km chnh xc hn so vi ly mu ngu nhin n gin. 4.7.3. Quy hoch kim sot da vo s mu thu c Quy hoch kim sot mu l n n v mu ly ra kim tra trong l v ch tiu chp nhn AQL ca l . Tu theo tnh cht cht lng ca l hng ta c th chia ra thnh 2 hoc ba mc cht lng: - 2 mc: Chp c - 3 mc: Chp nhn Nm trong gii hn chp Khng chp nhn nhn Khng chp nhn c C mt

Khng c mt

c S lng t

nhn S lng trung bnh S lng nhiu

Kim tra theo tn xut, ly mu mt mc

Ta xt v d sau: Trong mt l hng c 50 000 qu l, chng ta quy nh trong l hng s qu l b hng l 1% th c chp nhn. Trong trng hp ny ta c c l l N= 50 000, AQL =1%, ta cn tm c mu n v trong s n mu c php bao nhiu mu khuyt tt c chp nhn. Bc 1. Tm k hiu ch s mu (hay c mu) cn ly Dng bng Table 1. Sample size code letters (K hiu ch ca c mu) ph lc IV. Ct cc mc kim tra c bit (Special Inspection levels) c cc mc S1, S2, S3 v S4, v trong ct cc mc kim tra thng thng (General Inspection Levels) c cc mc I, II v III. ng vi c l (lot size) bit trc ta dng sang bn phi v mt mc kim tra la chn (ct nh) dng xung di, giao nhau ca hai ng dng ta nhn c mt ch ci, chnh l k hiu c mu cn ly. Trong v d trn, nu ta chn mc kim tra thng thng l II, th t hng c l 35001 n 150000 dng sang ct II ta c ch N. Bc 2. Tm c mu v cc ch tiu chp nhn l hng Dng bng Table 2-A. Single sampling plans for normal inspection (Quy hoch n gin trong kim tra thng thng) - ph lc IV. Trong ct chia cc mc AQL khc nhau, ng vi mi ct c 2 gi tr l cc ch tiu chp nhn - Ac v loi b -Re i vi l hng. Trong v d trn, t ct k hiu ch c mu (Sample size code letter) l ch N, dng sang ct c mu (Sample size) bn phi ta c n=500, tip tc dng sang v tr giao nhau ca ct AQL=1.0% ta c Ac=10 v Re=11. Bc 3. Ly mu, kim tra v kt lun Trong v d trn ta ly ngu nhin 500 qu l t l 50000 qu v i kim tra. Nu s qu b khuyt tt 10 th l hng c chp nhn, nu s qu b khuyt tt 11 th l hng khng c chp nhn.

Chuyn ch kim tra

Thng thng ban u ta chn ch kim tra thng thng, nu nh trong qu trnh kim tra ta thy c nhiu l hng khng c chp nhn c ngha cc l hng biu th cht lng km th cn kim tra cht ch hn, ngc li nu nhiu l hng biu th cht lng tt th c th chuyn sang ch kim tra lng hn.
-

Chuyn t ch kim tra thng thng sang kim tra cht

Khi kim tra thng thng 5 l lin tc, nu 2 l khng c chp nhn th chuyn sang ch kim tra cht. Cc bc tin hnh nh sau: Bc 1. Tm k hiu ch s mu (hay c mu) cn ly

Tin hnh nh trong kim tra thng thng. Bc 2. Tm c mu v cc ch tiu chp nhn l hng Tra bng quy hoch mu n gin trong kim tra cht Single sampling plans for tightend inspection. Trong v d trn, vi k hiu ch c mu l N, dng sang ct c mu (Sample size) bn phi ta c n=500, tip tc dng sang v tr giao nhau ca ct AQL=1.0% ta c Ac=8 v Re=9. Bc 3. Ly mu, kim tra v kt lun Ly ngu nhin 500 qu l t l 50000 qu v i kim tra. Nu s qu b khuyt tt 8 th l hng c chp nhn, nu s qu b khuyt tt 9 th l hng khng c chp nhn. Vi cch kim tra cht trn nu c 5 l lin tc c chp nhn th quay v ch kim tra thng thng.
-

Chuyn t ch kim tra thng thng sang kim tra lng

Khi kim tra thng thng 5 l lin tc m khng c l no b t chi th chuyn sang ch kim tra lng. Cc bc tin hnh nh sau: Bc 1. Tm k hiu ch s mu (hay c mu) cn ly Tin hnh nh trong kim tra thng thng. Bc 2. Tm c mu v cc ch tiu chp nhn l hng Dng bng quy hoch ly mu n gin trong kim tra lng Single sampling plans for reduced inspection. Trong v d trn, vi k hiu ch c mu l N, dng sang ct c mu (Sample size) bn phi ta c n=200, tip tc dng sang v tr giao nhau ca ct AQL=1.0% ta c Ac=5 v Re=8. Bc 3. Ly mu, kim tra v kt lun Ly ngu nhin 200 qu l t l 50000 qu v i kim tra. Nu s qu b khuyt tt 5 th l hng c chp nhn, nu s qu b khuyt tt 8 th l hng khng c chp nhn. Vi cch kim tra cht trn nu c 2 l trong 5 l lin tc khng c chp nhn th quay v ch kim tra thng thng. Kim tra theo tn xut, ly mu nhiu mc V d : Mt l hng xp trong kho theo mt trt t sau y : trong kho c 10000 kt hp t trn 50 gi xp thnh 5 hng, mi hng xp 2 kt theo chiu ngang, 4 kt theo chiu dc v 5 kt theo chiu cao. Mi kt c 24 hp, nh vy ton b l c 240000 hp. n v mu l hp, nu theo cch ly mu thng thng th rt n gin, nhng tng tnh ng u ta ly mu theo tng mc vi cc bc c th nh sau : Bc 1. Tm k hiu ch s mu (hay c mu) cn ly

Tin hnh nh trong kim tra thng thng, vi mc kim tra thng thng II, ta tm c k hiu ch c mu l P. Bc 2. Tm c mu v cc ch tiu chp nhn l hng Dng bng Quy hoch n gin trong kim tra thng thng, vi mc AQL=1.0% ta tm c Ac=14 v Re=15. Bc 3. Ly mu, kim tra v kt lun Ly 800 mu trong kho theo tng mc, kim tra v kt lun.
-

mc 1 : t 50 gi, tra bng ta c c mu l 8 gi, trong 8 gi chn ngu nhin c 8 x 200 = 1600 kt, sau chuyn sang mc 2 mc 2 : t 1600 kt, chn c mu l 125 kt, trong 125 kt c 125 x 24 = 2880 hp, sau chuyn sang mc 3 mc 3 : trong 125 kt ly ngu nhin t mi kt 6 n 7 hp c 800 hp.

T 800 hp em i kim tra, Nu s hp b khuyt tt 14 th l hng c chp nhn, nu s hp b khuyt tt 15 th l hng khng c chp nhn.

Kim tra theo cc bin lin tc gii hn mt pha

Trng hp yu cu kim tra cht lng i vi cc bin lin tc nh hm lng m, ng , lipit, ho cht bo v thc vt... m cc bin ny c gii hn mc ti a hoc ti thiu no , trng hp ny gi l gii hn mt pha. Ta cng tin hnh theo ba bc nh di y. V d : Mun kim tra hm lng axt bo t do ca mt l du thc vt vi mc cho php ti a l 0,1%. Vi mc chp nhn cht lng chn l 1%. Trong l gm 100 thng du Bc 1. Tm k hiu ch s mu (hay c mu) cn ly Tra bng 1, nu ta chn mc kim tra l IV, th t bng ny ta chn c ch F. Bng 1. K hiu ch ca c mu Mc kim tra C l 3-8 9 - 15 16 - 25 26 - 40 41 - 65 66 - 110 111 - 180 181 - 300 301 - 500 I B B B B B B B B C II B B B B B B C D E III B B B B C D E F G IV B B C D E F G H I V C l C E F 501 - 800 1301 - 3200 3201 - 8000 D 801 - 1300 Mc kim tra I E F II G H III IV V I J L M N O P Q J K L N O P Q L L M O P Q Q D F

G I H J I I I K K K

M N

G 8001 - 22000 H 22001 - 110000 I J K 110001 - 550000 550001

Bc 2. Tm c mu v cc ch tiu chp nhn l hng Dng bng 2. Bng tng qut, kim tra thng thng v kim tra cht. Trong bng chia ra cc ct nh vi cc gi tr AQL khc nhau tng ng vi kim tra thng thng (c t trn xung) v vi kim tra cht (c t di ln), ng vi mi gi tr AQL ta c mt gi tr M. bng 2. Bng tng qut, kim tra thng thng v kim tra cht

Trong v d trn, vi k hiu ch c mu l F, dng sang ct c mu bn phi ta c n=10, tip tc dng sang v tr giao nhau ca ct AQL=1.0% ta c M=3,26. Bc 3. Ly mu, kim tra v kt lun Ly ngu nhin 10 thng du t l 100 thng, trong mi thng ly ra mt lng em i phn tch ch s axt mt cch c lp. Gi s cc gi tr thu c ch s axt ca 10 mu phn tch nh sau :
- mu : - ch s axt : 1 0,12 2 0,05 3 0,07 4 0,04 5 0,09 6 0,20 7 0,06 8 0,04 9 0,15 10 0,08

t cc ga tr thu c ta tnh cc gi tr trung bnh x , lch ton phng (s) s c cc kt qu nh sau : n=10, x = 0,09; s = 0,05. Bc 4. Tnh ch tiu cht lng trn c s phn tch ca bc 3 Qs = (Ts- x )/s Trong : Qs l ch tiu cht lng gii hn trn Ts l gii hn trn cho php ca hm lng axt bo t do, bng 0,1% Qs <0 l hng s b loi v khng ph hp, nu Qs>0 tp tc chuyn sang bc 5.

Thay cc gi tr vo cng thc ta c Qs = 0,2. Bc 5. c lng t l khuyt tt Dng bng 3. trong bng c ga tr Qs ca mu, ct c mu, trong li chia ra cc cc c mu khc nhau, gi tr trong ct chnh l gi tr P. Bng 3. c lng khuyt tt ca l hng

Trong v d trn ta c gi tr Ps = 42,35%. Bc 6. So snh cc gi tr Ps v M Nu Ps M th l hng c chp nhn

Nu Ps > M th l hng khng c chp nhn Trong v d trn 42,35%> 3,26 vy l hng khng c chp nhn

Kim tra theo cc bin lin tc gii hn hai pha

Khc vi trng hp trn, ta c gii hn trn Ts, gii hn di Ti . Cch tin hnh tnh ton cc bc 1, 2, 3 v 4 c tnh hon ton ging nh gii hn mt pha. Bc 5. c lng t l khuyt tt Ps v Pi Tra bng 3 ta c Ps v Pi Bc 6. So snh cc gi tr Ps v M Nu Ps M th l hng c chp nhn Nu Ps > M th l hng khng c chp nhn V tng t nh vy vi Pi. Ly mu kim tra vi sinh Mt trong nhng tnh cht qan trngca quy hoch ly mu vi sinh l c mu n khng ph thuc c l N. C hai loi quy hoch ly mu, quy hoch hai lp v quy hoch ba lp. Cc ch s s dng ly mu, phn tch kt lun l : S mu phn tch (n), s mu c cha vi sinh vt (m), ch s v mc nghim ngt ca kim tra (c). Sn phm c th ly theo TCVN 4886-89 : - Khng t hn mt n v thng phm c bao gi trong bao b thng phm.
-

n 500g (cm2 ) i vi sn phm dng lng, ti, di v cc sn phm kch thc b

- T 500 n 1000g i vi sn phm c kch thc ln c khi lng tnh t 1kg tr ln.
IV.8. Mt s quy nh v ln mu v s lng mu

IV.8.1.

Nguyn tc chung

Chng ta xt n s lng mu cn ly kim tra v phn tch. Yu cu t ra l lng mu phi c ln (khi lng hoc th tch) kim tra chnh xc. Mu ban u, mu ring, mu chung phi cng ln khi thnh phn ca sn phm cng km ng nht, mu chung cng ln khi l hng cng ln. IV.8.2. ln ca mu ban u ln ti thiu ca mu ban u c quy nh theo bng 4. Bng 4. ln ca mu ban u
Dng sn phm ln ti thiu ca mu ban u

SP khng ng nht nhm Tt c SP nhm 1 v 2, 3, sn phm khng ng sn phm khng ng nht khng bao gi nht bao gi Sn phm lng v st Sn phm m v bt nho Sn C ht di 1mm phm C ht di 10mm ht v C cc t 10-50mm cc C cc trn 50mm 500ml 500g 500g 1000g 4000g 10000g 100ml 100g 100g 200g 1000g 2500g

Khi c cc trn 50mm, mu ban u khng c t hn 5 cc sn phm. Trong trng hp cn thit ln ca mu ban u c th thay i c. Nu lng cha ca mt n v bao gi nh hn ln ti thiu ca mu ban u qui nh trong bng 4 th ton b lng cha trong bao gi c ly lm mu ban u IV.8.3. S lng mu ban u - Sn phm khng ng nht bao gi nhm 1, nhm 2 v dn phm khng ng nht S lng mu ban u c tra trong bng 5. Bng 5. S lng mu ban u
Tnh ng nht v dng bao gi S mu ban u Sn phm khng ng nht bao gi nhm Mu ban u l ton b lng cha ca 1 mt n v bao gi Sn phm khng ng nht v ng nht 1 mu t mi n v bao gi c ly bao gi nhm 2 Sn phm ng nht bao gi nhm 3 Sn phm ng nht khng bao gi 2 mu t mi n v bao gi c ly 5 mu t c l

Sn phm bao gi v khng bao gi nhm 3 khng ng nht

S mu ban u c xc nh theo ln ca l hoc ln ca bao gi M v gi tr ca h s chnh xc ca du hiu trung bnh ca sn phm.

IV.8.4.

Trng hp c bit xc nh s mu ring v khi lng ca mu ban u

tin li trong vic thc hin, mi loi sn phm u c quy nh ly mu c th v ln cng nh s lng mu ti thiu. S lng nh nht ca mu ban u ca sn phm dng ri nh : ng cc, ch ... c ly theo bng 6. Bng 6. S lng mu ban u ca sn phm ri Khi lng l (kg) 50 51 500 S lng nh nht ca mu ban u cn ly 3 5

501 - 2000 > 2000

10 15

i vi cc sn phm ch bin ng hp, chai, gi hoc cc dng c cha nh khc th s nh nht ca mu ban u cn ly theo bng 7. Bng 7. S lng mu ban u ca sn phm ng hp, gi S lng hp, gi hoc dng c S lng nh nht ca mu ban u cha ca l cn ly 1 - 25 26 - 100 101 - 250 >250 1 5 10 15

C mu trung bnh th nghim l lng ti thiu vt liu c gi ti phng th nghim i vi cc loi nng sn thc phm th c quy nh nh trong bng 8. Bng 8. ln ca mu trung bnh th nghim i vi sn phm lng thc, thc phm. Hng ha Th d Lng yu cu 1. Cc sn phm nh hoc nh, Du, u, oliu, 1 kg mi n v sn phm nng ti 25g rau mi ty 2. Cc sn phm c trung bnh, To, khoai ty, 1 kg (t nht l 10 mi n v ca sn phm thng cam, c rt n v) nng t 25 n 250g 3. Cc sn phm c ln, mi n Ci bp, da 2 kg (t nht 5 n v sn phm nng trn 250g gang, da chut v) 4. Sn phm sa 5. Trng 6. Tht, tht gia cm, m c, cc sn phm thy sn v gia sc khc 7. Du thc vt v m 8. Ng cc v cc sn phm ca n
IV.9. Cch thc ly mu i vi tng sn phm

Sa nguyn , 0,5 kg format, b kem 0,5 kg (10 n v nu nguyn qu) 1 kg 0,5 kg 1 kg

IV.9.1.

Ly mu nc

Trong sn xut thc phm, vic nh gi cht lng nc l rt quan trng v nc tham gia vo hu ht cc giai on sn xut cc sn phm a. Dng c : Bnh thy tinh hoc chai nha PET sch c nt nha hoc nt cao su. b. Tin hnh :

- i vi mu nc my : ly t vi sau khi cho chy ra ngoi khong 5 n 10 pht. Khi lng mu t 3 n 5 lt. - i vi nc ging, nc sng phi ly su 0,5 n 1 mt. Ly nc ngay v tr trc khi cho vo thit b. IV.9.2. Ly mu go a. Dng c : Xin, cn, ti polyetylen hoc bnh c nt mi. b. Tin hnh : Ly mu t bao, ly cc v tr trn, di, gia ca bao. t xin hng vo gia bao t di ln, p mng xung di sau quay 1800 v rt ra. Ly t bao vi, giy hoc bao polyetylen th ly ming bao. Khi ang ng th ly mu t dng go chy ra sau cc khong thi gian bng nhau (khng qu 1-2 gi), khi lng mu khng qu 300g. Lng bao ch nh ly khng nh hn ch dn di y. S bao trong l hng 10 10 - 100 101 - 750 Lng bao c ly Ly tt c cc bao Ly 10 bao v cng thm 10% s bao tr i 10 Ly 20 bao cng thm 5% s bao tr i 10

Trong trng hp l hng khng ng nht th phi chia ra l nh c tnh ng nht v cht lng. Mu ban u 1,5kg. Nu mu ban u bng hoc ln hn mt t trung tm 0,5 kg th coi nh mu trung bnh. Nu mu ban u >1,5 kg th ly mu trung bnh bng phng php chia mu theo ng cho hnh ch nht hoc hnh vung. IV.9.3. Ly mu bnh m a. Dng c : Dao, cn, ti polyetylen. b. Tin hnh : Ly mu t ng ng nht, nng cng l, cng thi gian, cng ng, cng loi bao b hoc phng tin vn chuyn. S lng mu trung bnh : - ng t 500-1000 chic ly 10 chic 10 v tr khc nhau - ng t 1000-5000 chic ly 20 30 chic 10 v tr khc nhau. Sau khi ly mu trung bnh, ly 1/3 lm mu phn tch. Mi mu phn tch khng ly di 5 chic bnh. IV.9.4. Ly mu c L c ng nht bao gm cc con c cng loi, cng ln , a ra khi dng nc cng lc (c ti), ra khi phng lnh cng gi (vi c p), hoc cng c s sn xut c ch bin (c kh, c xng khi, c p mui...).
a. Dng c : Dao, ko, tht, cc, a s hoc thy tinh, my nghin

b. Tin hnh : - Thi gian ly mu

+ i vi c ti : khng qu 6 h (vi c nc ngt), 24h (vi c nc mm) sau khi ra khi nc. + i vi c p lnh : khng qu 6 h sau khi ra khi phng lnh + i vi c ch bin : khng qu 48h sau khi ra khi mi trng sng hoc ch bin. - Ly mu ban u v mu trung bnh Ly nguyn con c vi khi lng 5% ca l c. Sau ly 1% n 2% c trong mu u tin lm mu trung bnh. - Ly mu phn tch v chun b mu C mu 5 7% con ca mu trung bnh. Dng dao cht u, vy, ui, vy, rut ri ly giy bn lau sch nc, ct, bn, mu dnh trn thn c. Dng dao rch b ht xng, ly tht a vo my nghin nh. Bt c nghin cho vo bnh thy tinh sch c nt mi xc nh cc ch tiu cn thit. IV.9.5. IV.9.6. IV.9.7. IV.9.8. IV.9.9. Ly mu ch Ly mu ko (theo TCVN 4067 :1985) Ly mu ng (theo TCVN 4837 :1989) Ly mu khoai ty (theo TCVN 4999 :1989) Ly mu thuc l (theo TCVN 5080 :1990)

IV.9.10. Ly mu rau qu ti (theo TCVN 5102 : 1990) IV.9.11. Ly mu rau qu ch bin (theo TCVN 5072 : 1990) IV.9.12. Ly mu gia v (theo TCVN 4886 :1989 ; 4889 :1989) IV.9.13. Ly mu c ph nhn (theo TCVN 5702 :1993) IV.9.14. Ly mu sn phm sa (theo TCVN 5531 :1991 ; 6266 :1997 ; 6267 :1997 ; 6400 :1998) IV.9.15. Ly mu tht v cc sn phm tht (theo TCVN 2833-1 :2002). V. Kt lun Vic p dng ng k thut ly mu trong qu trnh ly mu kim tra i din l rt quan trng, n phn nh ng hay sai v thc t cht lng ca sn phm m mu i din, t a ra nhng quyt nh nh hng n quyn li ca nh cung cp, doanh nghip hoc ngi tiu dng cng nh sc khe ca cng ng. Cn c lp phng n kin tra l chun mc chp nhn (AQL, c mu, cc thng tin khc). xc nh c mu ta cn c vo : c l, mc phc tp v ngun kinh ph, tm quan trng ca sn phm, cc thng tin khc v bc kim tra. VI. Ti liu tham kho 1. Jeff Dewar, OCI International, http://www.shsu.edu/~mgt_ves
2.
METHODS OF ANALYSIS AND SAMPLING.

Red

Bluff,

CA,

Codex Alimentarius Commission in 2007, CODEX STAN 234-19991, RECOMMENDED

3. H Duyn T, 1997, Qun l v kim tra cht lng thc phm, i hc

Bch

Khoa

Ni,

tr.

27-64.

Ph lc II. CNG HO X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM c lp - T do - Hnh phc _______________________ .........., ngy ...... thng ....... nm ........... BIN BN LY MU THC PHM Bin bn s: Ngi ly mu: n v qun l: a im ly mu: Tn sn phm : Thng tin v mu Ch l: Cp cht lng (loi sn phm): M t s b v mu/ chun b mu: M s l sn phm: S bao gi trong l: S mu ban u: Loi dng c ly mu: Chun b mu: Gin lc t: n: Nghin nh n: Mu trung bnh th nghim S lng Khi lng Bao gi Bin bn ny lp thnh 02 bn, mi bn gi mt bn, c gi tr nh nhau Ghi ch: i din ch l sn phm (H tn v ch k) Ngi ly mu (H tn v ch k) Ly mu theo tiu chun:

K hiu mu: Kch thc l: Khi lng mu ban u:

CNG HO X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM

c lp - T do - Hnh phc _______________________ .........., ngy ...... thng ....... nm ........... BIN BN LY MU RAU, QU Bin bn s: Ngi ly mu: n v qun l: a im ly mu: Tn sn phm (ging, cy trng, phn bn): Ly mu theo tiu chun: Thng tin v mu Ch l: Cp cht lng (loi sn phm): M t s b v mu/ chun b mu: M s l sn phm: K hiu mu: S lng bao cha trong l: Kch thc l: S mu ban u: Khi lng mu ban u: Loi dng c ly mu: X l ho cht (loi ho cht, phng php x l,...) Chun b mu: Gin lc t: n: Nghin nh n: Mu trung bnh th nghim S lng Khi lng Bao gi Bin bn ny lp thnh 02 bn, mi bn gi mt bn, c gi tr nh nhau Ghi ch: i din ch l sn phm (H tn v ch k) Ngi ly mu (H tn v ch k)

CNG HO X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM c lp - T do - Hnh phc _______________________ .........., ngy ...... thng ....... nm ...........

BIN BN LY MU TI CA HNG BN L/ BP N Bin bn s: a im ly mu: 1. i din c s qun l kinh doanh sn phm ng/ b: Chc v: ng/ b: Chc v: 2. i din c quan chc nng ng/ b: Chc v: ng/ b: Chc v:
3. TT

Thng tin v mu
Loi mu n v S lng M s l M s mu Tnh trng mu

Bin bn ny lp thnh 02 bn, mi bn gi mt bn, c gi tr nh nhau Ghi ch: i din c s QLKD sn phm (H tn v ch k) Ngi ly mu (H tn v ch k)

CNG HO X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM c lp - T do - Hnh phc _______________________ .........., ngy ...... thng ....... nm ........... BIN BN BN GIAO MU Bin bn s: a im:
4.

i din bn giao Chc v: Chc v: i din bn nhn Chc v: Chc v: Thng tin v mu
Loi mu n v S lng M s mu Tnh trng mu Ch tiu xt nghim

ng/ b: ng/ b:
5.

ng/ b: ng/ b:
6. TT

Bin bn ny lp thnh 02 bn, mi bn gi mt bn, c gi tr nh nhau Ghi ch: i din bn nhn (H tn v ch k) i din bn giao (H tn v ch k)

Ph lc III. Bng s ngu nhin

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Ph lc IV.