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LI NI U

Tu thu l mt cng trnh k thut ht sc c bit, n c hai c


im chnh l: Ni c trn mt nc v vn ng theo s iu khin
ca con ngi, n gi vai tr ht sc quan trng trong h thng ngnh
giao thng ti, lu chuyn hng ho trn bin.V th, vic nghin cu v
pht trin tu thu v cng quan trng.
L thuyt tu l mn hc nghin cu cc tnh nng trn tu sao cho
tu t hiu qu nht v an ton nht khi lu hnh trn bin. Cc tnh
nng ny bao gm:
Tnh ni.
Tnh n nh.
Tnh lc .
Tnh chng chm.
iu khin v tc .
Ngnh ng tu nc ta ngy mt pht trin, ch trng nh bt
xa b ca nh nc ta v ang to c hi tt cho s pht trin ca
ngnh. thc hin ch trng ny vic hc v nghin cu cc mn hc
v tu ht sc quan trng, c bit mn L thuyt tu, l mn hc c s
cho vic tnh ton v thit k tu sau ny nn n c vai tr rt quan
trng . hc tt mn hc ny, thy gio Phm Thanh Nht phn cng
em lm Bi tp ln L thuyt tu gm 2 phn:
1/. V ng hnh l thuyt tu.
2/. Tnh ton v v th cc yu t tmh ni.
- Tnh ton v v th thy tnh.
- Tnh ton v v th Bonjean.
Tuy nhin, do thi gian v ti liu cn hn ch nn chc chn bi tp
ny cn nhiu thiu st. Knh mong thy gio Trn nh T hng dn
v gip em c th hiu r vn v hc tp tt hn nhng mn
hc sau.
Em xin chn thnh cm n thy gio !
Sinh vin thc hin :
PHAM DUY RIM

BI TP LN S 1

V NG HNH L THUYT TU
Bn v ng hnh L thuyt tu l bn v m t hnh dng hnh hc
bn ngoi ca v tu. Do hnh dng hnh hc nh hng rt ln n tnh
nng tu nn bn v ng c vai tr v ngha rt quan trng l cng
c, thng tin chnh xc v tnh nng ca tu i trn bin v l c s x
l tnh ton tnh nng ca tu trn bin. Tuy nhin, hin nay Vit Nam
v trn th gii cha hm ha c ng hnh l thuyt tu. Bi vy,
vic v nhnh ch da vo kh nng v kinh nghim ca tng ngi.
Bi tp ln ny thc hin v ng hnh mt tu c Vit Nam.
I /. MC CH ,YU CU:

1. Mc ch:

Nm vng ng hnh L Thuyt Tu.


Nm c k thut v tu.

2. Yu cu:
V ng.
V u.
V p.
II/. TRNH T TIN HNH:

Tng t nh cc bn v k thut khc, bn v ng hnh cng c


xy dng da trn c s chiu v tu ln 3 mt phng chiu c bn l:
Mt phng ct dc gia tu; Mt phng ct ngang gia tu; Mt phng ct
song song mt phng ng nc.
1. Cc kch thc chnh:
Chiu di ln nht
Chiu di thit k

:
:

Lmax = 86,00
Ltk = 82,42

(m)
(m)

Chiu rng thit k


: Btk = 12,40
(m)
Chiu cao mn
: D
= 6,7
(m)
Chiu chm
: d
= 5,30
(m)
2. Thc hin v:
Bc 1: Tnh cc thng s v
- Khong cch gia cc sn
:
L = 4,200 (m)
- S sn (tng ng vi s mt ct ngang) :
n = 21
- Khong cch gia cc ng nc
: T = 1,080 (m)
- S ng nc
:
k = 6 (0, 1, 2, 3, 4,
5)
- S ct dc tu : 5
(CDO, CDI, CDII, CDIII).

- Khong cch gia cc mt ct dc

1,500(m)

BI TP LN S 2
TNH TON XY DNG TH CC YU T TNH NI
I. Mc ch v yu cu ca bi tp:
1. Mc ch:

- Bi tp ny gip cho sinh vin nm c cch thc tnh ton, xy


dng th ng cong cc yu t tnh ni, th Bonggien v bit cch
s dng cc th ny.
- Chun b cho sinh vin nhng kin thc cn thit c th gii
quyt cc bi ton L thuyt tu nh tnh n nh, tnh chng chm, tnh
h thu, tnh sc bn thn tu
2.Yu cu:

- p dng c hai phng php tch phn gn ng l hnh thang


trong vic tnh ton, xy dng cc th ng cong cc yu t tnh ni,
th Bonggien.
- Bit cch s dng cc th ng cong cc yu t tnh ni,
th Bonggien.
II. La chn phng n:

-Trong phn tnh ton tnh ni s tnh ton, xy dng cc th:


1.Xy dng th ng cong cc yu t tnh ni.
2.Xy dng th Bonggien.
-Chn phng php tch phn gn ng l hnh thang trong vic
tnh ton cc yu t tnh ni ca tu.
III. Tnh ton, xy dng th ng cong cc yu t tnh ni:

T ng hnh xy dng bi tp 1 ta tnh ton xy dng th


ng cong cc yu t tnh ni.
th biu din cc yu t tnh ni theo mn nc tu: D, V, S, Xf,
Xc, Zc, r, R, , , = f(T).

Trnh t cc bc xy dng :
- Tnh cc gi tr cc yu t tnh thy lc cc mn nc tu Ti
khc nhau.
- Trong h to Oxy, vi trc Oy biu din cc mn nc Ti v
tng ng vi cc mn nc ly theo trc Ox gi tr cc yu t tnh ni
tnh cho mn nc theo cc t l xch nht nh.
- Gi tr cc yu t tnh ni mn nc bt k s c xc nh
bi giao im ca mn nc tnh theo t l xch ca trc tung vi cc
ng cong tnh ni, tnh theo t l xch trc honh.
- Thng chia 3 nhm th c cng gc ta l nhm ng V,
D, S = f(T), nhm Xc, Xf, Zc = f(T), nhm , , = f(T), c ghi t l
xch trn cc ng cong.
Cc bng tnh dng tnh cc yu t tnh ni:

Tnh ton, xy dng th ng cong cc yu t tnh ni ca tu


sau.
- Tnh cc yu t MN:
+p dng phng php hnh thang trong vic tnh ton cc yu t tnh
ni.
Da vo cc cng thc trnh by phn hng dn thc hin ta
xy dng bng tnh cho cc ng nc tu:
A. Cc yu t MN:
- Tnh din tch mt ng nc S:

y 0 + y10

S = 2
L ( y o + y1 + y 2 + y 3 + ... + y10 )

y din tch 2 u tha ra ca sn ta phi tnh ri cng vo din tch


S trn.
-Tnh th tch chim nc V:


S + S 5
V = T S O + S1 + S 2 + S 3 + S 4 + S 5 O

-Tnh trng lng tu D:


D = V (m3).
-

Tnhhonh

trng

tm

mt

ng

nc

Xf:

0 y5 + 1.( y6 y4 ) + 2.( y7 y3 ) + 3.( y8 y2 ) + 4.( y9 y1) + 5.( y1 0 y0 )


5

( y1 0 y0 )

Xf = L
(
y0 + y1 )0
( y0 + y1 + y2 + . .+ .y1 )0
2
-Tnh honh tm ni Xc:
Xc

S 0 X f 0 + S 1 X f 1 + ... + S 5 X f 5

(S

X f 0 + S5 X f 5 )

2
S
+
S

5
S 0 + S1 + S 2 + .. + S 5 0

-Tnh cao tm ni Zc:


5

T 0.S 0 + 1.S1 + 2.S 2 + 3.S 3 + 4 S 4 + 5S 5 ( S 0 + S 5 )


2
Z c=

[ S 0 + S1 + S 2 + S 3 + S 4 + S 5 1 / 2( S 0 + S 5 ) ]

-Mmen qun tnh ca din tch mt ng nc i vi trc x:

L
2

y 3 + y 03
y3
L 3
y 0 + y13 + y 23 +....... + y 93 + y103 10

dx = 2

3
2
L 3

Ix = 2

- Bn knh tm n nh ngang:
r=

Ix
V

-Momen qun tnh ca din tch mt ng nc i vi trc y:

L
2

52
I y = 2 x 2 . y.dx = 2L3 0. y 5 + 12 ( y 6 + y 4 ) + .... + 5 2 ( y10 + y 0 )
( y10 + y 0 )
2
L

-Mmen qun tnh mt ng nc i vi trc ngang ca trng


tm mt ng nc:
I f = I y S.X

2
f

- Bn knh tm n nh dc:
R=

If
V

- Tnh cc h s , , .
H s din tch mt ng nc :
i =

Si
Bi .Li

H s din tch mt ct ngang gia tu


i =

124

=
BiTi 25 .1.5

H s th tch chim nc
i=

B. Cc yu t mt ct ngang:

Vi
Li Bi Ti

-Tnh ton Din tch mt ct ngang :


k
y0 + yk
2

T
i=
yi 2

i =0

-Cao trng tm din tch mt ct ngang Z :


T

M oy

Z =

k
( yk y0 )
2
0
i =0
= T
= T k
y + y0
yi k

0 ydz
2

i =0

y.zdz

iy

Ln lt tnh ton cho cc mt N v MCN ta oc cc bn s


liu. V t y

ta i xy dng c th Bonjean v th tnh

ni
Bng 2.0: Bng tnh cc gi tr b tr cho tnh ton ng nc 0:

Na Chiu rng
ym(m)
y(m)

Gi tr
i:

i.(YmY)

5.121

5.121

12-8.

5.121

5.121

13-7.

5.121

5.121

14-6.

5.121

5.121

15-5.

5.264

4.298

-4.83

16-4.

5.453

2.885

-15.408

17-3.

5.026

1.55

-24.332

8
9
10

18-2.
19-1.
20-0.

3.427
0
0

0.882
0
0

8
9
10

-20.36
0
0

TT

Sn

10

5.121

11-9.

74.874

YmY

-64.93

S0
628.9416
V0

D0

Gi tr:
y
ym
134.296
4
134.296
4
134.296
4
134.296
4
134.296
4
145.863
8
162.146
1
126.960
2
40.2478
2
0
0
1791.70
4

Ym+Y

i(Ym+Y)

5.121

10.242

10.242

10.242

40.968

10.242

92.178

10.242

16

163.872

9.562

25

239.05

8.338

36

300.168

6.576

49

322.224

4.309
0
0

64
81
100

275.776
0
0

69.753

1444.478

Xf0

Xc0

Zc0

Ix0

4044.5384

r0

Iy0

66126.96005

If0

3009994

R0

Bng 2.1: Bng tnh cc gi tr b tr cho tnh ton ng nc 1:

TT
0
1
2
3
4
5

Sn
10
11-9.
12-8.
13-7.
14-6.
15-5.

Na Chiu rng
ym(m)
y(m)
6.2
0
6.2
6.2
6.2
6.2
6.2
6.2
6.2
6.168
6.2
6.145

16-4.

6.053

17-3.

8
9
10

18-2.
19-1.
20-0.

Gi tr
i:
0
1
2
3
4
5

i.(YmY)
0
0
0
0
-0.128
-0.275

5.496

-3.342

5.333

2.336

-20.979

3.986
1.097
0

1.426
0.652
0

8
9
10

-20.48
-4.005
0

94.492
S1

YmY

-49.209
793.7328

Gi tr:
y
ym
238.328
238.328
238.328
238.328
238.328
238.328
221.774
7
151.675
3
63.3303
5
1.32014
0
3231.68
7

Ym+Y
6.2
12.4
12.4
12.4
12.368
12.345

i
0
1
4
9
16
25

i(Ym+Y)
0
12.4
49.6
111.6
197.888
308.625

11.549

36

415.764

7.669

49

375.781

5.412
1.749
0

64
81
100

346.368
141.669
0

88.292

1959.695

V1

2987.6

D1

3032.4

Xf1

Xc1

Zc1

2.34

Ix1

5487.146

r1
Iy1

83702.22867

If1

5000655

R1

0.72

0.926

0.633

Bng 2.2: Bng tnh cc gi tr b tr cho tnh ton ng nc 2:

TT
0
1
2
3
4
5
6

Sn
10
11-9.
12-8.
13-7.
14-6.
15-5.
16-4.

Na Chiu rng
ym(m)
y(m)
6.2
0
6.2
6.2
6.2
6.2
6.2
6.2
6.2
6.2
6.2
6.2
6.2
5.496

17-3.

5.869

18-2.

9
10

YmY

Gi tr
i:
0
1
2
3
4
5
6

i.(YmY)
0
0
0
0
0
0
-4.224

5.367

-3.514

4.841

2.184

-21.256

19-1.

1.766

0.453

-11.817

20-0.

0.755

10

-7.55

Gi tr:
y
ym
238.328
238.328
238.328
238.328
238.328
238.328
238.328
202.158
6
113.450
2
5.50772
3
0.43036
9

Ym+Y
6.2
12.4
12.4
12.4
12.4
12.4
11.696

i
0
1
4
9
16
25
36

i(Ym+Y)
0
12.4
49.6
111.6
198.4
310
421.056

11.236

49

550.564

7.025

64

449.6

2.219

81

179.739

0.755

100

75.5

101.131

-48.361

3512.6

S2

849.5004

V2

6438.4

D2

6534.9

Xf2

-1.85

Xc2

-0.52

Zc2

4.5

Ix2

6603.786

R2

650.552

Iy2

89996.1069

If2

5946247

0.766

0.963

0.687

94.931

2358.459

Bng 2.3: Bng tnh cc gi tr b tr cho tnh ton ng nc 3:

TT
0
1
2
3
4
5
6

Sn
10
11-9.
12-8.
13-7.
14-6.
15-5.
16-4.

Na Chiu rng
ym(m)
y(m)
6.2
0
6.2
6.2
6.2
6.2
6.2
6.2
6.2
6.2
6.2
6.2
6.2
6.144

17-3.

6.037

18-2.

9
10

YmY

Gi tr
i:
0
1
2
3
4
5
6

i.(YmY)
0
0
0
0
0
0
-0.336

6.068

0.217

5.31

5.556

1.968

19-1.

1.849

1.44

-3.681

20-0.

0.255

10

-2.55

Gi tr:
y
ym
238.328
238.328
238.328
238.328
238.328
238.328
238.328
220.020
7
149.721
3
6.32136
3
0.01658
1

Ym+Y
6.2
12.4
12.4
12.4
12.4
12.4
12.344

i
0
1
4
9
16
25
36

i(Ym+Y)
0
12.4
49.6
111.6
198.4
310
444.384

12.105

49

593.145

10.866

64

695.424

3.289

81

266.409

0.255

100

25.5

107.059

-4.382

S3

899.2956

V3

10110.8

D3

1026.9

Xf3

-0.12

Xc3

-0.67

Zc3

6.7

Ix3

7579.2136

Iy3

95615.94574

If3

6701060

R3

467.002

0.797

0.975

0.717

3865.86
7

100.859

2706.862

Bng 2.4: Bng tnh cc gi tr b tr cho tnh ton ng nc 4:

TT
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Sn
10
11-9.
12-8.
13-7.
14-6.
15-5.
16-4.
17-3.

Na Chiu rng
ym(m)
y(m)
6.2
0
6.2
6.2
6.2
6.2
6.2
6.2
6.2
6.2
6.2
6.2
6.2
6.2
6.2
6.2

18-2.

5.314

19-1.

10

20-0.

YmY

Gi tr
i:
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

i.(YmY)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

6.133

6.552

1.855

5.502

32.823

0.121

1.199

10

10.78

Gi tr:
y
ym
238.328
238.328
238.328
238.328
238.328
238.328
238.328
238.328
150.059
9
6.38310
1
0.00177
2

Ym+Y
6.2
12.4
12.4
12.4
12.4
12.4
12.4
12.4

i
0
1
4
9
16
25
36
49

i(Ym+Y)
0
12.4
49.6
111.6
198.4
310
446.4
607.6

11.447

64

732.608

7.357

81

595.917

1.32

100

132

113.124

50.155

S4

950.2416

V4

1394.9

D4

1415.8

Xf4

-1.67

Xc4

-0.74

Zc4

8.9

Ix4

8950.27

R4

375.779

Iy4

101365.6628

If4

7430688

0.825

0.981

0.738

4130.33

106.924

3196.525

Bng 2.5: Bng tnh cc gi tr b tr cho tnh ton ng nc 5:

TT
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Sn
10
11-9.
12-8.
13-7.
14-6.
15-5.
16-4.
17-3.

Na Chiu rng
ym(m)
y(m)
6.2
0
6.2
6.2
6.2
6.2
6.2
6.2
6.2
6.2
6.2
6.2
6.2
6.2
6.2
6.2

18-2.

5.717

9
10

19-1.
20-0.

6.015
0

YmY

Gi tr
i:
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

i.(YmY)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

6.141

3.392

5.984
5.055

9
10

-0.279
50.55

Gi tr:
y
ym
238.328
238.328
238.328
238.328
238.328
238.328
238.328
238.328
186.854
9
217.624
1
0

Ym+Y
6.2
12.4
12.4
12.4
12.4
12.4
12.4
12.4

i
0
1
4
9
16
25
36
49

i(Ym+Y)
0
12.4
49.6
111.6
198.4
310
446.4
607.6

11.858

64

758.912

11.999
5.055

81
100

971.919
505.5

121.912

53.663

S5

1024.0608

V5

1841

D5

1868.6

Xf5

-0.99

Xc5

-0.87

Zc5

11.2

Ix5

11122.5268

R5

325.850

Iy5

109696.8274

If5

8279912

0.831

0.985

0.735

4554.43
5

115.712

-Tng hp cc bng tnh trn ta c bng gi tr cc yu t tnh ni sau.

Bng 2.6: Bng gi tr cc yu t tnh ni


NG NC
2
3

TT

Yu t

628.941

793.732

849.5

899.295

950.241

1024.06

2987.6

6438.4

10110.8

1394.9

1841

3032.4

6534.9

33.319

69.304

1415.8
141.29
4

1868.6

1026.9
105.29
9

177.289

Xf

-1.85

-0.12

-0.67

-0.99

XC

-0.52

-0.67

-0.74

-0.87

10

ZC

2.34

4.5

6.7

8.9

11.2

11

Iy
If

83702
500065
5
0.72

8999
594624
7
0.766

95615
670106
0
0.797

101365
743068
8
0.825

109696

12
13

66126
300999
4
-

8279912
0.831

3972.331

14
15
16

Ix

0.926
0.633

4044

0.963
0.687

5487

0.975
0.717

6603

0.981
0.738

7579

8950

0.985
0.735
11122

-T bng tnh trn ta xy dng th cc yu t tnh ni:


2 Tnh ton v xy dng th Bonjean:
-Ln lt tnh gi tr din tch ca cc mt ct ngang ca tu i (i=0
n) tng ng vi s thay i ca mn nc Tj (j=0 k).
-Dng h trc OT , trong trc tung OT biu din mn nc tu T
v trc honh O biu din chiu di tu L theo t l xch nht nh.
-Ti v tr mt ct ngang th i, ln lt t theo cc mn nc Tj(j=0
k) cc on biu din cho gi tr din tch cho cc mt ct ngang i theo mt t
l xch nht nh v ni nh cc on thng li vi nhau hnh thnh cc
th =f(T)
-Tng t ta cng tnh ton xy dng c ng cong mmen.
-T l theo chiu di v chiu cao tu phi khc nhau v phi ghi y
t l xch ca cc i lng trn th.
Ta tin hnh tnh din tch mt ct ngang v momen tnh din tch mt ct
ngang i vi trc Oy theo phng php hnh thang theo cc cng thc sau:
k
y0 + yk

Din tch mt ct ngang : i = 2 T yi


2
i=0

Cao trng tm din tch mt ct ngang Z c tnh theo cng thc:


T

Z =

M oy

k
( yk y0 )
2
0
i =0
= T
= T k
y + y0
yi k

0 ydz
2

i =0

y.zdz

iy

Sau y l cc bng tnh din tch mt ct ngang v momen tnh din


tch mt ct ngang i vi trc Oy :
Bng 3.0: Bng tnh cho sn 0
TT

Na
chiu rng

Tng cp tng
ca ct [2] cng

Din tch
(m2)=

Tay
n

[2].[5]

Tng cp tng
ca ct [6] cng

Mmen
M0y=

1
N 0
N
1080
N
2160
N
3240
N
4320
N
5400

vo t trn
xung

T.[3]

3
0

4
0

5
0

vo t trn xung

T2.[7]

6
0

7
0

8
0

1.22

1.22

1.3176

4.88

19.52

19.52

4.936

7.376

7.96608

24.68

123.4

123.4

Tng cp tng
ca ct [6] cng

Mmen
M0y=

vo t trn xung

T2.[7]

yi(m)
2

Bng 3.1: Bng tnh cho sn 1

TT

Na
chiu rng

Tng cp tng
ca ct [2] cng
vo t trn
xung

Din tch
(m2)=

3
0

4
0

5
0

6
0

7
0

8
0

0.667

0.667

0.72036

0.667

0.667

0.667

0.669

2.003

2.16324

1.338

2.676

2.676

0.717

3.389

3.66012

2.151

6.453

6.453

yi(m)
1
N 0
N
1080
N
2160
N

Tay
n
[2].[5]

T.[3]

3240
N
4320
N
5400

5.703

9.809

10.59372

22.812

91.248

91.248

6.136

21.648

23.37984

30.68

153.4

153.4

Tng cp tng
ca ct [6] cng

Mmen
M0y=

vo t trn xung

T2.[7]

Bng 3.2: Bng tnh cho sn 2


TT

Na
chiu rng

Tng cp tng
ca ct [2] cng
vo t trn
xung

Din tch
(m2)=

2
0.628

3
0

4
0

5
0

6
0

7
0

8
0

1.521

2.149

2.32092

1.521

1.521

1.521

2.14

5.81

6.2748

4.28

8.56

8.56

5.431

13.381

14.45148

16.293

48.879

48.879

6.15

24.962

26.95896

24.6

98.4

98.4

6.2

37.312

40.29696

31

155

155

Tng cp tng
ca ct [6] cng

Mmen
M0y=

vo t trn xung

T2.[7]

yi(m)
1
N 0
N
1080
N
2160
N
3240
N
4320
N
5400

Tay
n
[2].[5]

T.[3]

Bng 3.3: Bng tnh cho sn 3

TT

Na
chiu rng

Tng cp tng
ca ct [2] cng
vo t trn
xung

Din tch
(m2)=

2
1.295

3
0

4
0

5
0

6
0

7
0

8
0

2.756

4.051

4.37508

2.756

2.756

2.756

5.551

12.358

13.34664

11.102

22.204

22.204

6.18

24.089

26.01612

18.54

55.62

55.62

yi(m)
1
N 0
N
1080
N
2160
N

Tay
n
[2].[5]

T.[3]

3240
N
4320
N
5400

6.2

36.469

39.38652

24.8

99.2

99.2

6.2

48.869

52.77852

31

155

155

Tng cp tng
ca ct [6] cng

Mmen
M0y=

vo t trn xung

T2.[7]

Bng 3.4: Bng tnh cho sn 4


TT

Na
chiu rng

Tng cp tng
ca ct [2] cng
vo t trn
xung

Din tch
(m2)=

2
2.338

3
0

4
0

5
0

6
0

7
0

8
0

5.043

7.381

7.97148

5.043

5.043

5.043

6.144

18.568

20.05344

12.288

24.576

24.576

6.2

30.912

33.38496

18.6

55.8

55.8

6.2

43.312

46.77696

24.8

99.2

99.2

6.2

55.712

60.16896

31

155

155

Tng cp tng
ca ct [6] cng

Mmen
M0y=

vo t trn xung

T2.[7]

yi(m)
1
N 0
N
1080
N
2160
N
3240
N
4320
N
5400

Tay
n
[2].[5]

T.[3]

Bng 3.5: Bng tnh cho sn 5


TT

Na
chiu rng

Tng cp tng
ca ct [2] cng
vo t trn
xung

Din tch
(m2)=

2
3.925

3
0

4
0

5
0

6
0

7
0

8
0

6.145

10.07

10.8756

6.145

6.145

6.145

6.2

22.415

24.2082

12.4

24.8

24.8

6.2

34.815

37.6002

18.6

55.8

55.8

6.2

47.215

50.9922

24.8

99.2

99.2

yi(m)
1
N 0
N
1080
N
2160
N
3240
N

Tay
n
[2].[5]

T.[3]

4320
N
5400

6.2

59.615

64.3842

31

155

155

Tng cp tng
ca ct [6] cng

Mmen
M0y=

vo t trn xung

T2.[7]

Bng 3.6: Bng tnh cho sn 6


TT

Na
chiu rng

Tng cp tng
ca ct [2] cng
vo t trn
xung

Din tch
(m2)=

2
5.011

3
0

4
0

5
0

6
0

7
0

8
0

6.2

11.211

12.10788

6.2

6.2

6.2

6.2

23.611

25.49988

12.4

24.8

24.8

6.2

36.011

38.89188

18.6

55.8

55.8

6.2

48.411

52.28388

24.8

99.2

99.2

6.2

60.811

65.67588

31

155

155

Tng cp tng
ca ct [6] cng

Mmen
M0y=

vo t trn xung

T2.[7]

yi(m)
1
N 0
N
1080
N
2160
N
3240
N
4320
N
5400

Tay
n
[2].[5]

T.[3]

Bng 3.7: Bng tnh cho sn 7

TT

Na
chiu rng

Tng cp tng
ca ct [2] cng
vo t trn
xung

Din tch
(m2)=

2
5.341

3
0

4
0

5
0

6
0

7
0

8
0

6.2

11.541

12.46428

6.2

6.2

6.2

6.2

23.941

25.85628

12.4

24.8

24.8

6.2

36.341

39.24828

18.6

55.8

55.8

6.2

48.741

52.64028

24.8

99.2

99.2

6.2

61.141

66.03228

31

155

155

yi(m)
1
N 0
N
1080
N
2160
N
3240
N
4320
N

Tay
n
[2].[5]

T.[3]

5400
Bng 3.8: Bng tnh cho sn 8
TT

Na
chiu rng

Tng cp tng
ca ct [2] cng
vo t trn
xung

Din tch
(m2)=

Tng cp tng
ca ct [6] cng

Mmen
M0y=

vo t trn xung

T2.[7]

2
5.341

3
0

4
0

5
0

6
0

7
0

8
0

6.2

11.541

12.46428

6.2

6.2

6.2

6.2

23.941

25.85628

12.4

24.8

24.8

6.2

36.341

39.24828

18.6

55.8

55.8

6.2

48.741

52.64028

24.8

99.2

99.2

6.2

61.141

66.03228

31

155

155

Tng cp tng
ca ct [6] cng

Mmen
M0y=

vo t trn xung

T2.[7]

yi(m)
1
N 0
N
1080
N
2160
N
3240
N
4320
N
5400

Tay
n
[2].[5]

T.[3]

Bng 3.9: Bng tnh cho sn 9


TT

Na
chiu rng

Tng cp tng
ca ct [2] cng
vo t trn
xung

Din tch
(m2)=

2
5.341

3
0

4
0

5
0

6
0

7
0

8
0

6.2

11.541

12.46428

6.2

6.2

6.2

6.2

23.941

25.85628

12.4

24.8

24.8

6.2

36.341

39.24828

18.6

55.8

55.8

6.2

48.741

52.64028

24.8

99.2

99.2

6.2

61.141

66.03228

31

155

155

yi(m)
1
N 0
N
1080
N
2160
N
3240
N
4320
N
5400

Tay
n
[2].[5]

T.[3]

Bng 3.10: Bng tnh cho sn 10


TT

Na
chiu rng

Tng cp tng
ca ct [2] cng
vo t trn
xung

Din tch
(m2)=

Tng cp tng
ca ct [6] cng

Mmen
M0y=

vo t trn xung

T2.[7]

2
5.341

3
0

4
0

5
0

6
0

7
0

8
0

6.2

11.541

12.46428

6.2

6.2

6.2

6.2

23.941

25.85628

12.4

24.8

24.8

6.2

36.341

39.24828

18.6

55.8

55.8

6.2

48.741

52.64028

24.8

99.2

99.2

6.2

61.141

66.03228

31

155

155

Tng cp tng
ca ct [6] cng

Mmen
M0y=

vo t trn xung

T2.[7]

yi(m)
1
N 0
N
1080
N
2160
N
3240
N
4320
N
5400

Tay
n
[2].[5]

T.[3]

Bng 3.11: Bng tnh cho sn 11


TT

Na
chiu rng

Tng cp tng
ca ct [2] cng
vo t trn
xung

Din tch
(m2)=

2
5.341

3
0

4
0

5
0

6
0

7
0

8
0

6.2

11.541

12.46428

6.2

6.2

6.2

6.2

23.941

25.85628

12.4

24.8

24.8

6.2

36.341

39.24828

18.6

55.8

55.8

6.2

48.741

52.64028

24.8

99.2

99.2

6.2

61.141

66.03228

31

155

155

yi(m)
1
N 0
N
1080
N
2160
N
3240
N
4320
N
5400

Tay
n
[2].[5]

T.[3]

Bng 3.12: Bng tnh cho sn 12

TT

Na
chiu rng

Tng cp tng
ca ct [2] cng
vo t trn
xung

Din tch
(m2)=

Tng cp tng
ca ct [6] cng

Mmen
M0y=

vo t trn xung

T2.[7]

2
5.341

3
0

4
0

5
0

6
0

7
0

8
0

6.2

11.541

12.46428

6.2

6.2

6.2

6.2

23.941

25.85628

12.4

24.8

24.8

6.2

36.341

39.24828

18.6

55.8

55.8

6.2

48.741

52.64028

24.8

99.2

99.2

6.2

61.141

66.03228

31

155

155

Tng cp tng
ca ct [6] cng

Mmen
M0y=

vo t trn xung

T2.[7]

yi(m)
1
N 0
N
1080
N
2160
N
3240
N
4320
N
5400

Tay
n
[2].[5]

T.[3]

Bng 3.13: Bng tnh cho sn 13


TT

Na
chiu rng

Tng cp tng
ca ct [2] cng
vo t trn
xung

Din tch
(m2)=

2
5.341

3
0

4
0

5
0

6
0

7
0

8
0

6.2

11.541

12.46428

6.2

6.2

6.2

6.2

23.941

25.85628

12.4

24.8

24.8

6.2

36.341

39.24828

18.6

55.8

55.8

6.2

48.741

52.64028

24.8

99.2

99.2

6.2

61.141

66.03228

31

155

155

yi(m)
1
N 0
N
1080
N
2160
N
3240
N
4320
N
5400

Tay
n
[2].[5]

T.[3]

Bng 3.14: Bng tnh cho sn 14

TT

Na
chiu rng

Tng cp tng
ca ct [2] cng
vo t trn
xung

Din tch
(m2)=

Tng cp tng
ca ct [6] cng

Mmen
M0y=

vo t trn xung

T2.[7]

2
5.341

3
0

4
0

5
0

6
0

7
0

8
0

6.2

11.541

12.46428

6.2

6.2

6.2

6.2

23.941

25.85628

12.4

24.8

24.8

6.2

36.341

39.24828

18.6

55.8

55.8

6.2

48.741

52.64028

24.8

99.2

99.2

6.2

61.141

66.03228

31

155

155

Tng cp tng
ca ct [6] cng

Mmen
M0y=

vo t trn xung

T2.[7]

yi(m)
1
N 0
N
1080
N
2160
N
3240
N
4320
N
5400

Tay
n
[2].[5]

T.[3]

Bng 3.15: Bng tnh cho sn 15


TT

Na
chiu rng

Tng cp tng
ca ct [2] cng
vo t trn
xung

Din tch
(m2)=

2
5.341

3
0

4
0

5
0

6
0

7
0

8
0

6.2

11.541

12.46428

6.2

6.2

6.2

6.2

23.941

25.85628

12.4

24.8

24.8

6.2

36.341

39.24828

18.6

55.8

55.8

6.2

48.741

52.64028

24.8

99.2

99.2

6.2

61.141

66.03228

31

155

155

yi(m)
1
N 0
N
1080
N
2160
N
3240
N
4320
N
5400

Tay
n
[2].[5]

T.[3]

Bng 3.16: Bng tnh cho sn 16

TT

Na
chiu rng

Tng cp tng
ca ct [2] cng
vo t trn
xung

Din tch
(m2)=

Tng cp tng
ca ct [6] cng

Mmen
M0y=

vo t trn xung

T2.[7]

2
4.941

3
0

4
0

5
0

6
0

7
0

8
0

6.053

10.994

11.87352

6.053

6.053

6.053

6.2

23.247

25.10676

12.4

24.8

24.8

6.2

35.647

38.49876

18.6

55.8

55.8

6.2

48.047

51.89076

24.8

99.2

99.2

6.2

60.447

65.28276

31

155

155

Tng cp tng
ca ct [6] cng

Mmen
M0y=

vo t trn xung

T2.[7]

yi(m)
1
N 0
N
1080
N
2160
N
3240
N
4320
N
5400

Tay
n
[2].[5]

T.[3]

Bng 3.17: Bng tnh cho sn 17

TT

Na
chiu rng

Tng cp tng
ca ct [2] cng
vo t trn
xung

Din tch
(m2)=

2
4.065

3
0

4
0

5
0

6
0

7
0

8
0

5.655

9.72

10.4976

5.655

5.655

5.655

5.891

21.266

22.96728

11.782

23.564

23.564

6.048

33.205

35.8614

18.144

54.432

54.432

6.156

45.409

49.04172

24.624

98.496

98.496

6.2

57.765

62.3862

31

155

155

yi(m)
1
N 0
N
1080
N
2160
N
3240
N
4320
N
5400

Tay
n
[2].[5]

T.[3]

Bng 3.18: Bng tnh cho sn 18

TT

Na
chiu rng

Tng cp tng
ca ct [2] cng
vo t trn
xung

Din tch
(m2)=

Tng cp tng
ca ct [6] cng

Mmen
M0y=

vo t trn xung

T2.[7]

2
1.302

3
0

4
0

5
0

6
0

7
0

8
0

4.034

5.336

5.76288

4.034

4.034

4.034

4.691

14.061

15.18588

9.382

18.764

18.764

5.062

23.814

25.71912

15.186

45.558

45.558

5.419

34.295

37.0386

21.676

86.704

86.704

5.621

45.335

48.9618

28.105

140.525

140.525

Tng cp tng
ca ct [6] cng

Mmen
M0y=

vo t trn xung

T2.[7]

yi(m)
1
N 0
N
1080
N
2160
N
3240
N
4320
N
5400

Tay
n
[2].[5]

T.[3]

Bng 3.19: Bng tnh cho sn 19

TT

Na
chiu rng

Tng cp tng
ca ct [2] cng
vo t trn
xung

Din tch
(m2)=

3
0

4
0

5
0

6
0

7
0

8
0

1.004

1.004

1.08432

1.004

1.004

1.004

1.566

3.574

3.85992

3.132

6.264

6.264

2.12

7.26

7.8408

6.36

19.08

19.08

2.842

12.222

13.19976

11.368

45.472

45.472

3.549

18.613

20.10204

17.745

88.725

88.725

Tng cp tng
ca ct [6] cng

Mmen
M0y=

yi(m)
1
N 0
N
1080
N
2160
N
3240
N
4320
N
5400

Tay
n
[2].[5]

T.[3]

Bng 3.20: Bng tnh cho sn 20


TT

Na
chiu rng

Tng cp tng
ca ct [2] cng

Din tch
(m2)=

Tay
n

[2].[5]

vo t trn
xung

T.[3]

3
0

4
0

5
0

0.498

0.498

0.645

vo t trn xung

T2.[7]

6
0

7
0

8
0

0.53784

0.996

1.992

1.992

1.641

1.77228

1.935

5.805

5.805

0.271

2.557

2.76156

1.084

4.336

4.336

0.25

3.078

3.32424

1.25

6.25

6.25

yi(m)
1
N 0
N
1080
N
2160
N
3240
N
4320
N
5400

Tng hp cc bng tnh trn ta c bng tnh v th Bonjean:


Sn
0
1
2
3
4
5
6

N0

N1

N2

N3

N4

N5

m2

1.295

8.049

19.152

30.438

m3

5.594

46.565

124.603

216.02

0.675

1.839

3.884

11.381

23.786

36.404

48.714

m3

0.729

2.515

8.61

39.319

106.868

195.278

295

m2

2.493

6.391

14.744

27.362

40.618

53.946

67.338

1.663

8.421

32.937

80.971

152.563

246.162

354.637

m2

4.197

12.516

24.886

38.115

51.507

64.899

78.291

m3

2.725

17.97

51.723

101.883

174.2

268.211

376.688

9.051

20.926

33.501

46.832

60.224

73.116

87.008

m3

6.411

25.649

59.976

110.402

182.719

276.731

385.206

m2

11.278

24.611

38.003

51.395

64.787

78.179

91.571

7.168

28.798

64.957

115.579

187.985

281.907

390.382

12.192

25.55

38.942

53.334

65.726

79.118

92.51

m3

7.194

28.927

65.01

115.632

187.949

281.961

390.136

12.263

25.655

39.047

52.439

65.831

79.223

92.615

7.232

28.927

65.085

115.707

188.024

282.036

390.511

m2

12.263

25.655

39.047

52.439

65.831

79.223

92.615

m3

7.232

28.927

65.085

115.707

188.024

282.036

390.511

12.263

25.655

39.047

52.439

65.831

79.223

92.615

m3

7.232

28.927

65.085

115.707

188.024

282.036

390.511

7
8
9

bc bd

n v


10
11
12
13
14

m2

12.263

25.655

39.047

52.439

65.831

79.223

92.615

7.232

28.927

65.085

115.707

188.024

282.036

390.511

m2

12.263

25.655

39.047

52.439

65.831

79.223

92.615

m3

7.232

28.927

65.085

115.707

188.024

282.036

390.511

12.263

25.655

39.047

52.439

65.831

79.223

92.615

m3

7.232

28.927

65.085

115.707

188.024

282.036

390.511

m2

12.263

25.655

39.047

52.439

65.831

79.223

92.615

7.232

28.927

65.085

115.707

188.024

282.036

390.511

m2

12.263

25.655

39.047

52.439

65.831

79.223

92.615

m3

7.232

28.927

65.085

115.707

188.024

282.036

390.511

12.381

25.773

39.165

52.557

65.949

79.341

92.773

7.232

28.927

65.085

115.007

188.024

282.036

390.511

m2

12.426

25.66

39.052

52.444

65.836

79.228

92.62

7.06

28.584

64.742

115.364

187.681

281.693

390.168

11.188

23.286

36.144

49.36

62.752

76.144

89.536

m3

6.22

26.132

60.948

110.999

183.316

277.328

385.803

m2

8.006

17.539

28.502

39.976

51.89

64.76

78.152

4.649

20.592

50.465

93.839

158.642

249.274

357.749

m2

1.187

4.277

8.181

12.181

20.681

32.536

43.116

m3

1.28

6.679

17.269

32.393

83.143

165.752

251.373

0.755

1.765

2.141

2.262

4.68

9.225

m3

1.761

4.425

5.872

6.436

26.179

65.769

15
16
17
18
19
20

Bng3.21: Bng tnh v th Bonjean

T bng tnh ton trn, v c th BONJEAN ta phi


chn t l xch cho v M
y ta chn

c t l xch l 1:10
M l

1:20

HNG DN BI TP LN S 3:
TNH TON TNH N NH CA TU
Tnh ton, kim tra tnh n nh ca tu khch v g:
i vi tu ang tnh ta c:
-Chiu di ng nc thit k: L=86,00(m).
-Chiu rng ng nc thit k: B=12,40 (m).
-Chiu chm trung bnh: T=5,30(m).
-Chi u cao mn tu: H=6,70 (m).
=0,910;

=0,842;

=0,931

- Cc yu t hnh hc quy i, c th xc nh theo cc cng thc nh


sau:
zco =

yc90 =

T
+

0,25
k
(1 + )( 2 )
2

B H T
L
+ L B H

H

T

2
1

= 0,25
kc
(1 + )( 2 )
2

H

T

B
L
L

B H

kc L
kc H =
zc90 =
+
+
LB

2 B 2
kr 12 T

2 B B H
kr 12 L H T

ro =

z z
r90 = c 90 co
y c 90

Zg cao trng m tu, ta c th chn Zg theo t s

=
3

ro

Zg
H

ca

tu mu.
i vi tu container

Zg
H

thng nm trong khong 0,65-0,80.

Tng hp kt qu tnh tay n n nh hnh dng theo gc nghing bng 3.14.

Bng tnh gi tr cnh tay n n nh tu


Gcnghing
()
[1]
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90

yc90
f1( )
[2]
0
0.0420
0.2827
0.7048
1.0731
1.1452
0.8860
0.4917
0.1762
0.0000

(zc90- zco)
f2( )
[3]
0
-0.0136
-0.0909
-0.2096
-0.2722
-0.1934
0.0098
0.2273
0.3525
0.3770

Tnh cnh tay n n nh ng.


p dng cng thc:

rof3( )
[4]
0
0.1753
0.2136
0.0940
-0.0801
-0.1800
-0.1567
-0.0720
-0.0116
0.0000

r90f4(
)
[5]
0
0.0011
0.0065
0.0142
0.0163
0.0072
-0.0085
-0.0193
-0.0159
0.0000

lhd = (2) + (3) + (4) +


(5)
[6]
0
0.2047
0.4120
0.6034
0.7371
0.7791
0.7305
0.6277
0.5012
0.3770

l = l hp d = y C sin ( Z C

Z CO ) cos + ( Z GO Z CO )(cos 1)

l = ( l i - (l i+l n)/2) =( /2) l


l = (l0 + l10 + l20 + +l90 (l0 + l90 )/2 )

Gi tr cnh tay n tnh v cnh tay n n nh ng.


Gc
nghing
()
[1]
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90

lhd
(m)
[2]
0
0.204
7
0.412
0
0.603
4
0.737
1
0.779
1
0.730
5
0.627
7
0.501
2
0.377
0

[4]

l= [5]

ltl =(ZGZc0)sin
[3]
0

lhp=lhd-ltl
[4]
0

[5]
0

[6]
0

0.1087

0.0961

0.0961

0.0084

0.2141

0.1979

0.3901

0.0341

0.3130

0.2904

0.8784

0.0767

0.4024

0.3347

1.5034

0.1312

0.4795

0.2996

2.1376

0.1866

0.5421

0.1884

2.6257

0.2292

0.5883

0.0394

2.8535

0.2491

0.6165

-0.1153

2.7777

0.2425

0.6260

-0.2490

2.4134

0.2107

T kt qu ct 4 v 6 tin hnh v th n nh .

BI TP LN S 4:

XC NH SC CN CA
TU
I.Mc ch v yu cu ca bi tp:
I.1. Mc ch
Bi tp ny gip cho sinh vin bc u lm quen vi vic tnh ton sc
cn ca tu. N s l tin gii quyt cc bi ton sc cn trong thc t
nhm nng cao tc ca tu.
I.2. Yu cu:
- Phn tch, la chn v p dng cng thc tnh sc cn ph hp i vi
tng loi tu. Mi loi tu cn t nht p dng 3 cng thc tnh gn ng.
- Xy dng c th sc cn, cng sut theo vn tc tu.
II. La chn phng n:

giai on thit k s b khng c iu kin th m hnh v khng cn chnh xc


cao, nn v mt phng php c th tnh tc tu hoc cng sut my bng cch tnh
sc cn v tu theo cc cng thc tnh gn ng
III. Trnh t thc hin:
Phng php Papmiel:

Phng php ny tnh sc cn ton phn R thng qua cng


ko c ch EPS
EPS =

DV 3
L.C o

Trong : D - trng lng chim nc ca tu (tn)


L - chiu di tu (m)
Co - h s xc nh theo cng thc

CP

Co =

- h s tnh n nh hng ca chiu di tu, v tu ta ang

L< 100m nn = 0,7+0,3

tnh sc cn c

L
100

=0,822

- h s c trng cho hnh dng thn tu


= 10

B
5,02
= 10
0,883 = 2,686
L
16 ,5

x - h s nh hng phn li ra ca thn tu, ph thuc vo s


chn vt, i vi tu ta ang tnh c 1 chn vt nn x = 1
Cp - xc nh theo th thc nghim ca Papmeil ph thuc vo
v: V
T
T

i
lng
Cc
gi tr
gi
thuy
t tc

tu

2
3

K
hiu

Cng thc
tnh

n v

Cc gi tr
V1

V2

V3

V4

V5

V6

V7

hi
l/h

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

m/s

5.14

5.654

6.168

6.68
2

7.196

7.71

8.224

4.438

4.842

5.649 6.052

6.456

14.5

12.3

8.35

6.55

Vt

H s
CP

=V

CP

V =V

Suy ra t
th

hi
4.035
l/h
15.3

5.24
5
9.95

7.87

Papmen
hnh 1
4

H s
Co
Cng
sut
ko
c
ch
Sc
cn
tu
Cng
sut
ca
ng
c

Co =

Co

EPS

CP

7.674

7.273

6.169

4.99

4.188 3.947

3.285

ML

118.4
67

151.2
54

212.20
0

307.
859

425.4 518.1
59
99

708.4
14

KG

888.5
02

1031.
275

1326.2
51

1776 2279. 2590.


.11
25
99

3320.
03

ML

215.3
94

275.0
07

385.81
9

559.
744

1288.
03

EPS =

DV 3
L.Co

R = 75 .EPS / VS

R
N e = EPS /

Ne

773.5 942.1
62
79

Phng php ca vin thit k Lningrad :


Ta c bng gi tr sc cn v cng sut theo vn tc.

Bng 1: Sc cn v cng sut theo vn tc :


T
T

i
lng
Cc gi
tr gi
thuyt
tc
tu
Lc
cn R
Cng
sut
ko c
ch

K
hiu

Cng thc
tnh

n v

Cc gi tr
V1

V2

V3

V4

V5

V6

V7

hi
l/h

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

m/s

5.14

5.654

6.168

6.682

7.196

7.71

8.224

Xc nh
theo cng
thc (*)

KG

846.5
1

1106.
125

1432.
01

1836.
487

2315. 2901.
11
25

3576.
82

R.V
75

ML

112.8
69

162.2
32

229.1
21

318.3
24

432.1 580.2
54
49

763.0
55

Vt

EPS

EPS =

Cng
sut
ca
ng c

Ne=EPS/

Ne

205
.22

ML

294.9
7

416.5
8

578.7
7

785.7
3

1055

1387.
37

Ta ly = 0,55
Tnh sc cn theo phng php Lap:
c cng b d trn c s d liu thu c th m hnh tu ti b th
Wageningen. Phng php cho php xc nh sc cn d vi h s

Cr

tnh theo cng thc:


Cr =

Rr
0,5.V 2 .

H s sc cn d c thit lp cho nm nhm tu k hiu A, B, C, D, E


khc nhau bng v tr tm ni, l hm ca B/T v vn tc tu tnh bng
Vs/
T
T

i
lng
Cc
gi tr
gi
thuy
t tc

tu

.L

K
hiu

.:
Bng tnh sc cn theo cng thc Lap:
Cc gi tr

Cng thc
n v
V1
V2
V3
V4
V5
tnh
hi
10
11
12
13
14
l/h

Vt
m/s

V6

V7

15

16

6.68
2

7.196

7.71

8.224

922.1 1014 . 1106


05
105
.105

1197 .
105

1291
.105

1383
.105

1475
.105

0.00
211

0.002 0.002
03
01

0.00
199

0.001
97

5.14

5.654

6.168

Tnh Rms ca tu

H s
Reno
Re
ld
H s Cmstpt
sc
cn
ma
st
ca
tm

Re =

VL

+) Nu Re
2.105:

C mstpt =1,328 /

Re

+) Nu Re>
2.105:
C mstpt =

0,075
(log Re 2) 2

0.002
08

0.00
205

phn
g
H s
sc
cn
ma
st
ca
tu
Sc
cn
ma
st

Cmst=(kCmstp
t +Cbm)
Cmst

(*)

Rms = C mst

Rms

V 2
S
2

KG

0.00
263

0.002
60

0.00
257

0.002 0.002 0.00


54
52
250

0.002
48

460.
551.2
919
18

649.
078

754.4 867.2 987.


31
14
373

1114.
86

Tnh Rd ca tu (theo phng php Lp)


6

H s
Po
H s
7
Cr
Sc
9
cn
d
Lc
9
cn
Cng
sut
10
hu
hiu
Cng
sut
11
ng
c

Po

Po =

Vs
L

2.824 3.106 3.389

3.671

3.953 4.236 4.518

0.036 0.043 0.052

0.059

0.069 0.073 0.085

kG

440.5 636.7 916.3


50
17
44

1220.2 1655. 2012. 2662.


02
0
01
88

kG

901.4 1187. 1565.


69
94
42

1974.6 2522. 2997. 3777.


33
2
38
74

R.V S
75

ML

120.1 174.2 250.4


96
31
68

342.27 470.8 599.4 805.9


0
1
77
18

Ne = ESP/

ML

218.5 316.7 455.4


4
8
0

622.31

Cr
Rd
R
EPS

Ne

Rd = Cr

V 2

R = Rms + Rd

EPS =

856.0 1089. 1465.


2
96
31

Nhn xt:
- T ba phng php tnh sc cn trn ta thy cc kt qu tnh c c s
khc nhau v cc kt qu ca ba phng php trn u mang tnh x l
thng k, khng mang cc c tnh xut pht t bn cht vn ang
xt, do vy khi nh gi sc cn ca mt tu c th cn chn phng n
thch hp ch khng nn ly gi tr trung bnh ca nhiu phng php.

BI TP LN S 4:

XC NH SC CN CA
TU
I.Mc ch v yu cu ca bi tp:
I.1. Mc ch
Bi tp ny gip cho sinh vin bc u lm quen vi vic tnh ton sc
cn ca tu. N s l tin gii quyt cc bi ton sc cn trong thc t
nhm nng cao tc ca tu.
I.2. Yu cu:
- Phn tch, la chn v p dng cng thc tnh sc cn ph hp i vi
tng loi tu. Mi loi tu cn t nht p dng 3 cng thc tnh gn ng.
- Xy dng c th sc cn, cng sut theo vn tc tu.
II. La chn phng n:
giai on thit k s b khng c iu kin th m hnh v khng cn chnh xc
cao, nn v mt phng php c th tnh tc tu hoc cng sut my bng cch tnh
sc cn v tu theo cc cng thc tnh gn ng
III. Trnh t thc hin:

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