Cng ty CPS Vietnam www.cps.

vn

IN T C BN DNH CHO IN THOI DI NG

===========================================
(Phn 1)

CHNG I - NGUN IN MT CHIU

1. Cu trc nguyn t.
hiu v bn cht dng in ta bit rng ( kin thc PTTH ) tt c cc nguyn t u
c cu to ln t cc nguyn t v mi nguyn t ca mt cht c cu to bi hai
phn l:
Mt ht nhn gia cc ht mang in tch dng gi l Proton v cc ht trung ho
in gi l Neutron.
Cc Electron (in t ) mang in tch m chuyn ng xung quanh ht nhn.
Bnh thng cc nguyn t c trng thi trung ho v in ngha l s Proton ht
nhn bng s electron bn ngoi nhng khi c tc nhn bn ngoi nh p xut,
nhit , ma st tnh in, tc ng ca t trng .. th cc in t electron lp
ngoi cng c th tch khi qu o trqr thnh cc in t t do.
Khi mt nguyn t b mt i mt hay nhiu in t, chng b thiu in t v tr thnh
ion dng v ngc li khi mt nguyn t nhn thm mt hay nhiu in t th chng
tr thnh ion m.
2 . Bn cht dn in v chiu dng in.
Khi cc in t tp trung vi mt cao chng to ln hiu ng tch in:
Dng in chnh l dng chuyn ng ca cc ht mang in nh in t, ion.
Chiu dng in c quy c i t dng sang m (ngc vi chiu chuyn ng
ca cc in t - i t m sang dng).
3. Tc dng ca dng in.
Khi c mt dng in chy qua dy dn in nh th nghim sau:

Cng ty CPS Vit Nam, Tr s chnh: Ta nh 110A Chu Vn An, P.26, Q.Bnh Thnh, Tp.HCM
T: (08) 6272.2727 - 3500.3355 - 3500.3399 35007799,

website: www.cps.vn

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Ta thy rng dng in to ra mt t trng xung quanh lm lch hng ca nam
chm, khi i chiu dng in th t trng cng i hng => lm nam chm lch theo
hng ngc li.
Dng in chy qua bng n lm bng n pht sng v sing nhit nng
Dng in chy qua ng c lm quay ng c quay sinh ra c nng
Khi ta np c quy cc cc ca c quy b bin i v dng in c tc dng ho nng..
Nh vy dng in c cc tc dng l tc dng v nhit , tc dng v c nng , tc dng
v t trng v tc dng v ho nng.
4. Cng dng in.
L i lng c trng cho mnh yu ca dng in hay c trng cho s lng cc
in t i qua tit din ca vt dn trong mt n v thi gian - K hiu l: I
Dng in mt chiu l dng chuyn ng theo mt hng nht nh t dng sang
m theo quy c hay l dng chuyn ng theo mt hng ca cc in t t do.

n v ca cng dng in l Ampe v c cc bi s:

Kilo Ampe = 1000 Ampe.
Mega Ampe = 1000.000 Ampe.
Mili Ampe = 1/1000 Ampe.
Micro Ampe = 1/1000.000 Ampe
5. in p.
Khi mt cc in t tp trung khng u ti hai im A v B nu ta ni mt dy dn
t A sang B s xut hin dng chuyn ng ca cc in tch t ni c mt cao sang
ni c mt thp, nh vy ngi ta gi hai im A v B c chnh lch v in p v
p chnh lch chnh l hiu in th.
in p ti im A gi l UA
in p ti im B gi l UB.
Chnh lch in p gia hai im A v B gi l hiu in th UAB, UAB = UA - UB
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Cng ty CPS Vit Nam, Tr s chnh: Ta nh 110A Chu Vn An, P.26, Q.Bnh Thnh, Tp.HCM
T: (08) 6272.2727 - 3500.3355 - 3500.3399 35007799,

website: www.cps.vn

Cng ty CPS Vietnam www.cps.vn

n v ca in p l Vol k hiu l U hoc E, n v in p c cc bi s l:
Kilo Vol ( KV) = 1000 Vol.
Mini Vol (mV) = 1/1000 Vol.
Micro Vol = 1/1000.000 Vol.

in p c th v nh cao ca mt bnh nc, nu hai bnh nc c cao khc

nhau th khi ni mt ng dn s c dng nc chy qua t bnh cao sang bnh thp
hn, khi hai bnh nc c cao bng nhau th khng c dng nc chy qua ng dn.
Dng in cng nh vy nu hai im c in p chn lch s sinh ra dng in chy
qua dy dn ni vi hai im t in p cao sang in p thp v nu hai im c
in p bng nhau th dng in trong dy dn s = 0.

O TO K THUT SA CHA

IN THOI DI NG CHUYN NGHIP

Tm hiu v ghi danh ti H thng o to Cng ty CPS Vit Nam

Tr s chnh:
Qun 6 11:
Qun 10:
Q.Tn Bnh:
Q.Bnh Thnh:
Tp.Cn Th:
Bnh Dng:

Ta nh 110A Chu Vn An, P.26, Q. Bnh Thnh, Tp.HCM;

708 Hng Bng, Phng 01, Qun 11, Tp.HCM;
129 ng 3/2, Phng 11, Qun 10, Tp.HCM;
419 Cng Ha, Phng 15, Q. Tn Bnh, Tp.HCM;
339 inh B Lnh, Phng 26, Q.Bnh Thnh, Tp.HCM;
139 Trn Hng o, Q. Ninh Kiu, Tp. Cn Th;
429 i l Bnh Dng, TX Th Du Mt, Bnh Dng;

T: (08) 3500.3355
T: (08) 3500.3399
T: (08) 3500.7799
T: (08) 6272.2727
T: (08) 3501.5566
T:(0710) 350.8080
T:(0650) 3837.837

ng dy nng: 0983.450545 Website: www.cps.vn

Cng ty CPS Vit Nam, Tr s chnh: Ta nh 110A Chu Vn An, P.26, Q.Bnh Thnh, Tp.HCM
T: (08) 6272.2727 - 3500.3355 - 3500.3399 35007799,

website: www.cps.vn

Cng ty CPS Vietnam www.cps.vn

6. Ngun in.
Ngun in l ngun sinh ra in nng t cc ngun nng lng khc nh My pht
in, c quy, Pin v.v ... c hai ngun in chnh l:
Ngun in xoay chiu ( AC) l cc ngun in sinh ra t cc nh my in.
Ngun in mt chiu ( DC) l ngun in sinh ra t c quy hoc pin.
Cc mch in thng s dng ngun mt chiu hot ng do khi chy ngun
xoay chiu chng phi c i thnh mt chiu trc khi a vo my hot ng.
Ngun mt chiu song song v ni tip:

Khi u ni tip cc ngun in li ta c mt ngun in mi c in p bng tng

cc in p thnh phn.
Khi u song song cc ngun in ( cng in p ) ta c ngun in mi c p
khng i nhng kh nng cho dng bng tng cc dng in thnh phn.
V d: nu ta c pin 1,5V vi kh nng cho dng l 0,1A, khi ta cn mt ngun in 3V
vi dng in l 1A th ta phi u ti thiu l 10 cp pin song song v mi cp c hai
pin u ni tip.
7. nh lut m.
nh lut m l nh lut quan trng m ta cn phi nghi nh. Cng dng in trong
mt on mch t l thun vi in p hai u on mch v t l nghch vi in tr
ca on mch .
Cng thc: I = U / R trong .
I: l cng dng in, tnh bng Ampe (A).
U: l in p hai u on mch, tnh bng Vol (V).
R: l in tr ca on mch, tnh bng m.
8. nh lut m cho on mch.
on mch mc ni tip:
Trong mt on mch c nhiu in tr mc ni tip th in p hai u on mch
bng tng st p trn cc in tr.

Cng ty CPS Vit Nam, Tr s chnh: Ta nh 110A Chu Vn An, P.26, Q.Bnh Thnh, Tp.HCM
T: (08) 6272.2727 - 3500.3355 - 3500.3399 35007799,

website: www.cps.vn

Cng ty CPS Vietnam www.cps.vn

Nh s trn th U = U1 + U2 + U3
Theo nh lut m ta li c U1 =I1 x R1 , U2 = I2 x R2, U3 = I3 x R3 nhng on
mch mc ni tip th I1 = I2 = I3
St p trn cc in tr => t l thun vi cc in tr.
on mch mc song song. Trong on mch c nhiu in tr mc song song th
cng dng in chnh bng tng cc dng in i qua cc in tr v st p trn
cc in tr l nh nhau:

Mch trn c U1 = U2 = U3 = E, I = I1 + I2 + I3 v U1 = I1 x R1 = I2 x R2 = I3 x R3
Cng dng in t l nghch vi in tr .
9. in nng v cng xut
in nng:
Khi dng in chy qua cc thit b nh bng n => lm bng n sng, chy qua
ng c => lm ng c quay nh vy dng in sinh ra cng. Cng ca dng
in gi l in nng, k hiu l W, trong thc t ta thng dng Wh, KWh ( Kilo wat
gi)
Cng thc tnh in nng l: W = U x I x t
Cng ty CPS Vit Nam, Tr s chnh: Ta nh 110A Chu Vn An, P.26, Q.Bnh Thnh, Tp.HCM
T: (08) 6272.2727 - 3500.3355 - 3500.3399 35007799,

website: www.cps.vn

Cng ty CPS Vietnam www.cps.vn

Trong W l in nng tnh bng June (J)
U l in p tnh bng Vol (V)
I l dng in tnh bng Ampe (A)
t l thi gian tnh bng giy (s)
Cng xut:
Cng xut ca dng in l in nng tiu th trong mt giy , cng xut c tnh
bi cng thc P = W / t = (U. I .t ) / t = U .I Theo nh lut m ta c P = U.I = U2 / R
= R.I2

CHNG II IN T TRNG
1. Khi nim v t trng.
Nam chm v t tnh:
Trong t nhin c mt s cht c th ht c st gi l nam chm t nhin.
Trong cng nghim ngi ta luyn thp hoc hp cht thp to thnh nam chm
nhn to.
Nam chm lun lun c hai cc l cc bc North (N) v cc nam South (S) , nu cht
thanh nam chm ra lm 2 th ta li c hai nam chm mi cng c hai cc N v S l nam chm c tnh cht khng phn chia.
Nam chm thng c ng dng sn xut loa in ng, micro hoc m t DC.

O TO K THUT SA CHA

IN THOI DI NG CHUYN NGHIP

Tm hiu v ghi danh ti H thng o to Cng ty CPS Vit Nam

Tr s chnh:
Qun 6 11:
Qun 10:
Q.Tn Bnh:
Q.Bnh Thnh:
Tp.Cn Th:
Bnh Dng:

Ta nh 110A Chu Vn An, P.26, Q. Bnh Thnh, Tp.HCM;

708 Hng Bng, Phng 01, Qun 11, Tp.HCM;
129 ng 3/2, Phng 11, Qun 10, Tp.HCM;
419 Cng Ha, Phng 15, Q. Tn Bnh, Tp.HCM;
339 inh B Lnh, Phng 26, Q.Bnh Thnh, Tp.HCM;
139 Trn Hng o, Q. Ninh Kiu, Tp. Cn Th;
429 i l Bnh Dng, TX Th Du Mt, Bnh Dng;

T: (08) 3500.3355
T: (08) 3500.3399
T: (08) 3500.7799
T: (08) 6272.2727
T: (08) 3501.5566
T:(0710) 350.8080
T:(0650) 3837.837

ng dy nng: 0983.450545 Website: www.cps.vn

Cng ty CPS Vit Nam, Tr s chnh: Ta nh 110A Chu Vn An, P.26, Q.Bnh Thnh, Tp.HCM
T: (08) 6272.2727 - 3500.3355 - 3500.3399 35007799,

website: www.cps.vn

Cng ty CPS Vietnam www.cps.vn

T trng:
T trng l vng khng gian xung quanh nam chm c tnh cht truyn lc t ln
cc vt liu c t tnh, t trng l tp hp ca cc ng sc i t Bc n cc
nam.

Cng t trng:
L i lng c trng cho mnh yu ca t trng, k hiu l H n v l A/m.
t cm:
L i lng c trng cho vt c t tnh chu tc ng ca t trng, t cm ph
thuc vo vt liu .
V d: St c t cm mnh hn ng nhiu ln. t cm c tnh bi cng
thc: B = .H
Trong B: l t cm.
: l t thm.
H: l cng t trng.
T thong:
L s ng sc i qua mt n v din tch, t thng t l thut vi cng t
trng.

ng dng ca Nam chm vnh cu:

Nam chm vnh cu c ng dng nhiu trong thit b in t, chng c dng
sn xut Loa, Micro v cc loi M t DC.
Cng ty CPS Vit Nam, Tr s chnh: Ta nh 110A Chu Vn An, P.26, Q.Bnh Thnh, Tp.HCM
T: (08) 6272.2727 - 3500.3355 - 3500.3399 35007799,

website: www.cps.vn

Cng ty CPS Vietnam www.cps.vn

2. T trng ca dng in i qua dy dn thng.

Th nghim trn cho thy, khi cng tc bn ngoi ng, dng in i qua bng n lm
bng n sng ng thi dng in i qua dy dn sinh ra t trng lm lch hng
kim nam chm .
Khi i chiu dng in, ta thy kim nam chm lch theo hng ngc li , nh vy
dng in i chiu s to ra t trng cng i chiu.
3. T trng ca dng in i qua cun dy.

Cng ty CPS Vit Nam, Tr s chnh: Ta nh 110A Chu Vn An, P.26, Q.Bnh Thnh, Tp.HCM
T: (08) 6272.2727 - 3500.3355 - 3500.3399 35007799,

website: www.cps.vn

Cng ty CPS Vietnam www.cps.vn

Khi ta cho dng in chy qua cun dy, trong lng cun dy xut hin t trng l
cc ng sc song song, nu li cun dy c thay bng li thp th t trng tp
trung trn li thp v li thp tr thnh mt chic nam chm in, nu ta i chiu
dng in th t trng cng i hng.
Dng in mt chiu c nh i qua cun dy s to ra t trng c nh, dng in
bin i i qua cun dy s to ra t trng bin thin.
T trng bin thin c c im l s to ra in p cm ng trn cc cun dy t
trong vng nh hng ca t trng , t trng c nh khng c c im trn.
ng dng: T trng do cun dy sinh ra c rt nhiu ng dng trong thc t, mt
ng dng m ta thng gp trong thit b in t l R le in t.

R le in t

O TO K THUT SA CHA

IN THOI DI NG CHUYN NGHIP

Tm hiu v ghi danh ti H thng o to Cng ty CPS Vit Nam

Tr s chnh:
Qun 6 11:
Qun 10:
Q.Tn Bnh:
Q.Bnh Thnh:
Tp.Cn Th:
Bnh Dng:

Ta nh 110A Chu Vn An, P.26, Q. Bnh Thnh, Tp.HCM;

708 Hng Bng, Phng 01, Qun 11, Tp.HCM;
129 ng 3/2, Phng 11, Qun 10, Tp.HCM;
419 Cng Ha, Phng 15, Q. Tn Bnh, Tp.HCM;
339 inh B Lnh, Phng 26, Q.Bnh Thnh, Tp.HCM;
139 Trn Hng o, Q. Ninh Kiu, Tp. Cn Th;
429 i l Bnh Dng, TX Th Du Mt, Bnh Dng;

T: (08) 3500.3355
T: (08) 3500.3399
T: (08) 3500.7799
T: (08) 6272.2727
T: (08) 3501.5566
T:(0710) 350.8080
T:(0650) 3837.837

ng dy nng: 0983.450545 Website: www.cps.vn

Cng ty CPS Vit Nam, Tr s chnh: Ta nh 110A Chu Vn An, P.26, Q.Bnh Thnh, Tp.HCM
T: (08) 6272.2727 - 3500.3355 - 3500.3399 35007799,

website: www.cps.vn

Cng ty CPS Vietnam www.cps.vn

Khi cho dng in chy qua cun dy, li cun dy tr thnh mt nam chm in ht
thanh st v cng tc oc ng li, tc dng ca r le l dng mt dng in nh
iu khin ng mch cho dng in ln gp nhiu ln.
4. Lc in t
Nu c mt dy dn t trong mt t trng, khi cho dng in chy qua th dy dn c
mt lc y => l lc in t, nu dy dn t do chng s chuyn ng trong t
trng, nguyn l ny c ng dng khi sn xut loa in ng.

Nguyn l hot ng ca Loa (Speaker): Cun dy c gn vi mng loa v t trong

t trng mnh gia 2 cc ca nam chm, cc S l li, cc N l phn xung quanh, khi
cho dng in xoay chiu chy qua cun dy, di tc dng ca lc in t cun dy s
chuyn ng, tc ng chuyn ng ca cun dy ph thuc vo tn s ca dng in
xoay chiu, cun dy chuyn ng c gng vo mng loa lm mng loa chuyn ng
theo, nu chuyn ng tn s > 20 Hz chng s to ra sng m tn trong di tn s tai
ngi nghe c.
5. Cm ng in t.
Cm ng in t l hin tng xut hin in p cm ng ca cun dy c t trong
mt t trng bin thin.
V d: mt cun dy qun quanh mt li thp, khi cho dng in xoay chiu chay qua,
trn li thp xut hin mt t trng bin thin, nu ta qun mt cun dy khc ln cng
li thp th hai u cun dy mi s xut hin in p cm ng. Bn thn cun dy c
dng in chy qua cng sinh ra in p cm ng v c chiu ngc vi chiu dng
in i vo.
Download Phn mm ng dng, ti liu v in thoi di ng min ph ti:

www.cps.net.vn
Cng ty CPS Vit Nam, Tr s chnh: Ta nh 110A Chu Vn An, P.26, Q.Bnh Thnh, Tp.HCM
T: (08) 6272.2727 - 3500.3355 - 3500.3399 35007799,

10

website: www.cps.vn