Ch1. Mng my tnh v nhng khi nim m u 1.1 - Mng my tnh v ng dng trong i sng.

Chng 1. Mng my tnh v nhng khi nim m u

1.2 - Phn loi mng (network taxonomy). 1.3 - Giao thc mng (software). 1.4 - Cc m hnh tham chiu (reference models). 1.5 - Chun mng my tnh (network standards). 1.6 - H iu hnh trong mi trng mng. 1.7 - Mng Internet.
Chapter 1. Introduction to Computer Network, OSI, TCP/IP Reference Model 2

1.1. Mng my tnh v ng dng trong i sng

Mng my tnh (computer network) l h thng bao gm nhiu h my tnh n l (nt mng) c kt ni vi nhau theo kin trc no v c kh nng trao i thng tin.
Kt ni (interconnected): dy (wire), sng (wave) Kin trc (architecture): cch thc kt ni v trao i thng tin. Nt mng (node): host, workstation, network component

ng dng ca mng my tnh trong i sng

Mng ni b (c quan, to nh)
Chia s ti nguyn (my in, cng, chng trnh). Lin lc trong mng ni b c quan (local mail).

Cung cp dch v (m hnh client/server).

Web, Email, search engine, tin tc. Thng mi in t (ecommerce electronic commerce).

Li ch ca mng:
Chia s, trao i thng tin. Tng cng sc mnh ca h thng (distributed system, parallel system).

People online communication.

Chatting, conference
B GD hp qua mng v tuyn sinh 2005, 12/2004.

in thoi (PSTN, Mobile).

Chnh ph in t (egovernment)
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Chia s ti nguyn my in

Cc yu t ca mng my tnh
ng truyn vt l (physical media)
Truyn tn hiu gia cc h thng. Hu tuyn (cable) v v tuyn (wireless). Di thng (bandwidth):
Di tn s cho php truyn. i khi c s dng m ch lng d liu cho php truyn (throughput)!?

Tc (speed) hay thng lng (throughput):

CS before 2003 CS since 2003

S lng bit truyn c trong mt giy (bps). S lng thay i tn hiu trong mt giy (baud).

Kin trc mng (network architecture)

Hnh trng mng (topology). Giao thc (protocol).

Chapter 1. Introduction to Computer Network, OSI, TCP/IP Reference Model

Chapter 1. Introduction to Computer Network, OSI, TCP/IP Reference Model

Ch1. Mng my tnh v nhng khi nim m u 1.1 - Mng my tnh v ng dng trong i sng. 1.2 - Phn loi mng (network taxonomy). 1.3 - Giao thc mng (software). 1.4 - Cc m hnh tham chiu (reference models). 1.5 - Chun mng my tnh (network standards). 1.6 - H iu hnh trong mi trng mng. 1.7 - Mng Internet.
Chapter 1. Introduction to Computer Network, OSI, TCP/IP Reference Model 7

1.2. Phn loi (network classification, taxonomy)

Theo topo mng
Broadcast: Truyn qung b. Point-to-point (switched): Truyn im-im.

Theo k thut truyn (transmission technique)

Circuit-switched Packet-switched Message-switched

Theo quy m (scale)

LAN MAN WAN
Chapter 1. Introduction to Computer Network, OSI, TCP/IP Reference Model 8

Topology (broadcast & point-to-point)

Circuit switching
Khi hai nt mun trao i thng tin thit lp knh (circuit). Knh c gi ring cho hai nt cho ti khi kt thc phin trao i. VD: Mng in thoi.

Chapter 1. Introduction to Computer Network, OSI, TCP/IP Reference Model

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Cc giai on ca circuit switching

Host 1 Node 1 Node 2 Host 2

Packet switching
101001.1010001101011011110.11001

processing delay at Node 1

Header
propagation delay from Host 1 to Node 1 propagation delay from Host 2 To Host 1

Data

Trailer

packet

circuit establishment

data transmission

DATA

circuit termination

D liu c chia thnh cc gi tin (packet).Mi gi u c phn thng tin iu khin (header, trailer) cho bit ngun gi, ch nhn Cc gi tin c th n v i theo nhng ng khc nhau dn knh (multiplexing), c lu tr ri chuyn tip khi i qua nt trung gian (store & forward).
11 Chapter 1. Introduction to Computer Network, OSI, TCP/IP Reference Model 12

Chapter 1. Introduction to Computer Network, OSI, TCP/IP Reference Model

So snh circuit switching v packet switching Packet switching

Khng chim dng ng truyn cho php nhiu ngi dng hn, hiu sut s dng ng truyn cao. Khng cn thit lp knh truyn (call setup). C tr gi tin. Cn phi c c ch khc phc li.

Circuit switching: FDM & TDM

Hai phng php chia s lin kt (link) trong circuit switching:
FDM (Frequency Division Multiplexing). TDM (Time DM).

Circuit switching
Call setup Thch hp vi truyn tin cht lng cao, tc th.
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FDM & TDM example

Example: FDM frequency time TDM 4 users

Packet switching: Datagram & Virtual Circuit

Vd: Internet
Host C Host A Node 1 Node 2 Node 3 Node 5 Host D

Host B Node 6 Node 4 Node 7

Host E

frequency

Datagram packet switching

time
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Packet switching: Datagram & Virtual Circuit

Vd: ATM Network
Host C Host A Node 1 Node 2 Node 3 Node 5 Host D

Taxonomy summary
communication networks switched networks broadcast networks (vd. Radio, Broadcast TV) packet-switched networks

Host B Node 6 Node 4 Node 7

Host E

circuit-switched networks (vd. telephone)

Virtual-Circuit packet switching

Chapter 1. Introduction to Computer Network, OSI, TCP/IP Reference Model 17

FDM

TDM

datagram networks (vd. Internet)

virtual circuitswitched networks (vd. ATM)

18

Chapter 1. Introduction to Computer Network, OSI, TCP/IP Reference Model

Ch1. Mng my tnh v nhng khi nim m u 1.1 - Mng my tnh v ng dng trong i sng. 1.2 - Phn loi mng (network taxonomy). 1.3 - Giao thc mng (software). 1.4 - Cc m hnh tham chiu (reference models). 1.5 - Chun mng my tnh (network standards). 1.6 - H iu hnh trong mi trng mng. 1.7 - Mng Internet.
Chapter 1. Introduction to Computer Network, OSI, TCP/IP Reference Model 19

1.3. Network Software (Protocol)

Giao thc (protocol): Tp hp cc quy tc giao tip gia cc h my tnh. M hnh giao thc mng hin nay tun theo kin trc phn tng (layer architecture).
Mi tng m nhn nhng chc nng nht nh. Ch c tng dui cng l giao tip trc tip vi nhau. Mt tng t tng 2 tr ln ch giao tip vi nhiu nht hai tng (k trn, k di). Thng tin truyn t tng N ca h thng 1 sang tng N ca h thng 2 phi truyn qua cc tng N-1 N-2 1 ca h thng 1 v cc tng 1 2 N-1 ca h thng 2.
Chapter 1. Introduction to Computer Network, OSI, TCP/IP Reference Model 20

Mailing system
Letter Addressed Envelope

Philosopher-Translator-Secretary Layers

Letter

Addressed Envelope

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Chapter 1. Introduction to Computer Network, OSI, TCP/IP Reference Model

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Unix Operating System Layers

Applications Libraries System Calls Kernel

M hnh trao i d liu gia cc tng {1}

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Chapter 1. Introduction to Computer Network, OSI, TCP/IP Reference Model

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M hnh trao i d liu gia cc tng {2}

Data

Connectionless v connection-oriented
Giao thc truyn thng c chia lm hai loi: Truyn tin c lin kt (connection-oriented): 3 giai on
Thit lp lin kt (handshaking). Truyn d liu (data transferring).
C cc c ch kim sot li

User

(N+1) PCI

Data

(N+1) Layer

Hu b lin kt (terminating).
(N) PCI (N+1) PDU

(N) Layer

Truyn thng khng lin kt (connectionless): ch c giai on truyn d liu.

Thng s dng cho cc tng thp, ng truyn c tin cy cao.

PCI Protocol Control Information PDU Protocol Data Unit

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Chapter 1. Introduction to Computer Network, OSI, TCP/IP Reference Model

26

Ch1. Mng my tnh v nhng khi nim m u 1.1 - Mng my tnh v ng dng trong i sng. 1.2 - Phn loi mng (network taxonomy). 1.3 - Giao thc mng (software). 1.4 - Cc m hnh tham chiu (reference models). 1.5 - Chun mng my tnh (network standards). 1.6 - H iu hnh trong mi trng mng. 1.7 - Mng Internet.
Chapter 1. Introduction to Computer Network, OSI, TCP/IP Reference Model 27

1.4. Cc m hnh tham chiu (Reference Models)

Open System Interconnection Reference Model (OSI Reference Model)
a ra bi ISO (International Organization for Standardization) nm 1984. M hnh tham chiu l thuyt cho cc h thng m ni chung. 7 tng: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, Application.

TCP/IP Reference Model

S dng cho mng Internet. 4 tng: Host-to-network, Internet, Transport, Application.

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OSI layers
System #1 All People Seem To Need Data Processing H thng #2

Layer 1: The Physical Layer

ng dng Trnh din Phin Giao vn Mng Lin kt d liu Vt l 011010100011001111
7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical

Ch c tng vt l ca hai h thng c kt ni v truyn thng trc tip vi nhau (wire/wireless). Cc c t vt l (in, in t) nhm m bo s kt ni v truyn tn hiu gia hai h thng. Mt s yu t:
Cp truyn (Cable). Mc in th (voltage levels). Thi gian bin thin hiu in th. Chu k tn hiu, khong cch
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Chapter 1. Introduction to Computer Network, OSI, TCP/IP Reference Model

29

Layer 2: The Data Link Layer

Bin d liu th nhn c t tng vt l thnh d liu c cu trc logic c th hn.
Framing.
001101010 Khung (frame) c cu trc.

Layer 3: The Network Layer

Chn ng i gia cc nt mng (path-selection). iu khin lung mng con (subnet flow control). Ct hp d liu (fragmentation & reassembly). Kt ni cc mng c kin trc khc nhau.

Physical Addressing.
D liu n t u? My tnh no gi n? D liu cn phi gi tip i u?

m bo s tin cy ca tn hiu truyn gia hai tng vt l.

Kim sot li (error control). Kim sot lung (flow control).

Bao gm hai tng con (LLC v MAC).

Chapter 1. Introduction to Computer Network, OSI, TCP/IP Reference Model 31 Chapter 1. Introduction to Computer Network, OSI, TCP/IP Reference Model 32

Layer 4: The Transport Layer

Tng trn cng ca qu trnh truyn d liu. m bo d liu c truyn thng sut v tin cy gia hai h thng (2 end-systems).
Ct/hp d liu (fragmentation/reassembly). Kim sot li, kim sot lung (error detection and recovery, information flow control). Thit lp, qun l cc knh lin lc (virtual circuits). Dn knh (multiplexing).

Layer 5: The Session Layer

Tng di cng trong s cc tng thao tc trn d liu nhn v (application). Thit lp v qun l cc phin truyn thng gia hai h thng.
Chng thc (security authentication). Thit lp lin kt (connection establishment). Hu b lin kt (connection release). Phn hi (acknowledgement). Truyn li (data retransmission).
33 Chapter 1. Introduction to Computer Network, OSI, TCP/IP Reference Model 34

Chapter 1. Introduction to Computer Network, OSI, TCP/IP Reference Model

Layer 6: The Presentation Layer

m bo thng tin truyn t ng dng ca h thng truyn c th c c bi ng dng ca h thng nhn.
C php v ng ngha ca d liu (syntax & semantic). nh dng d liu (data formatting). Chuyn i dnh dng (format exchange). Nn d liu (data compression).

Layer 7: The Application Layer

Cung cp cc phng tin ngi dng c th truy cp vo m hnh OSI.
Cc giao thc truyn thng ip gia cc chng trnh ng dng (web, mail). Cc dch v cho cc ng dng nm ngoi m hnh OSI (Word, Access, SQL Server)

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Ti sao phi phn tng?

No-layered & Layered

Application Telnet FTP HTTP

No-layered
Transmission Media coaxial cable fiber optic packet radio

Application Transport & Network Transmission Media

Chapter 1. Introduction to Computer Network, OSI, TCP/IP Reference Model 37

Telnet

FTP

HTTP

Layered

coaxial cable

fiber optic

packet radio
38

Chapter 1. Introduction to Computer Network, OSI, TCP/IP Reference Model

OSI Summary
Physical: binary transmission
signals, media, connectors, voltages

TCP/IP Reference Model

M hnh OSI ch mang tnh cht l thuyt, phc v nghin cu v hc tp. TCP/IP l m hnh p dng cho mng Internet.
TCP = Transmission Control Protocol. IP = Internet Protocol. TCP, IP l hai giao thc ph bin trong h giao thc TCP/IP.

Data Link: access to media

bits error control, flow control. physical addressing, net topology.

Network: address and best path

path selection, routing, addressing, internetwork.

Transport: end-to-end transmission

data transportation, virtual circuit error detection and recovery, information flow control

Session: interhost communication

session management

Presentation: data representation

data format, data syntax

Application: network services to applications

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10

TCP/IP Layers & Protocols

i snh OSI v TCP/IP

Layers Protocols Network Access = Host-to-network = Data link + Physical Network = Internet
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TCP/IP to OSI

Cisco Certified Network Associate View

Application Presentation Session Transport Network Datalink Physical

OSI

Application

Telnet

FTP

DNS

Transport Internet Network Access

TCP/IP

TCP IP LAN

UDP

Packet radio
Protocols

UDP

Cng ngh mng

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Ch1. Mng my tnh v nhng khi nim m u 1.1 - Mng my tnh v ng dng trong i sng. 1.2 - Phn loi mng (network taxonomy). 1.3 - Giao thc mng (software). 1.4 - Cc m hnh tham chiu (reference models). 1.5 - Chun mng my tnh (network standards). 1.6 - H iu hnh trong mi trng mng. 1.7 - Mng Internet.
Chapter 1. Introduction to Computer Network, OSI, TCP/IP Reference Model 45

1.5. Network Standardization

OSI:
Ch nu ln chc nng ca tng tng. Khng ch ra ci t cc tng ny nh th no. hai h thng giao tip c vi nhau th chng cn:
c ci t cc chc nng truyn thng chung. T chc thnh cng mt tp tng. Hai tng ng mc phi c chung giao thc.

T , cn phi chun ho (standardization)

Chapter 1. Introduction to Computer Network, OSI, TCP/IP Reference Model

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Cc t chc v chun thng dng

ISO (International Organization for Standardization)
http://www.iso.org

Nhm chun IEEE 802 (LAN)

CCITT (Commit Consultatif International pour Tlgraphe et Tlphone)

Khng ban hnh cc chun m ban hnh cc khuyn ngh (X.25).

ANSI (American National Standard Institute) NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) IAB (Internet Architecture Board). RFCs (Request For Comments). IRTF (Internet Research Task Force). IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force). ISOC (Internet Society)
Chapter 1. Introduction to Computer Network, OSI, TCP/IP Reference Model 47 Chapter 1. Introduction to Computer Network, OSI, TCP/IP Reference Model 48

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Ch1. Mng my tnh v nhng khi nim m u 1.1 - Mng my tnh v ng dng trong i sng. 1.2 - Phn loi mng (network taxonomy). 1.3 - Giao thc mng (software). 1.4 - Cc m hnh tham chiu (reference models). 1.5 - Chun mng my tnh (network standards). 1.6 - H iu hnh trong mi trng mng. 1.7 - Mng Internet.
Chapter 1. Introduction to Computer Network, OSI, TCP/IP Reference Model 49

1.6. H iu hnh trong mi trng mng

Khng h tr mng
DOS

Trm lm vic
Windows 9x/NT Workstation/2000/XP MacOS Linux

My ch qun l mng, cung cp dch v mng.

Windows NT/2000/2003 Server Novel NetWare Unix, Linux, Sun Solaris
Chapter 1. Introduction to Computer Network, OSI, TCP/IP Reference Model 50

Ch1. Mng my tnh v nhng khi nim m u 1.1 - Mng my tnh v ng dng trong i sng. 1.2 - Phn loi mng (network taxonomy). 1.3 - Giao thc mng (software). 1.4 - Cc m hnh tham chiu (reference models). 1.5 - Chun mng my tnh (network standards). 1.6 - H iu hnh trong mi trng mng. 1.7 - Mng Internet.
Chapter 1. Introduction to Computer Network, OSI, TCP/IP Reference Model 51

1.7. Mng Internet

Hng trm triu nt mng c kt ni khp hnh tinh. Hng triu dch v c cung cp (web, mail). Global network of networks. Mng xng sng (Internet backbone). http://www.hau1.edu.vn/cs/dxha/courses/0405/ipp/
Chapter 1. Introduction to Computer Network, OSI, TCP/IP Reference Model 52

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Trao i d liu gia hai my tnh trong Internet

local ISP

Interconnect network OSI view

Application Presentation Application Presentation Session Transport Network Datalink Physical Physical medium Network Datalink Physical

Tier 3 ISP Tier-2 ISP

local ISP

local ISP Tier-2 ISP

local ISP

Session Transport Network Datalink Physical

Tier-2 ISP local ISP

Tier 1 ISP

NAP

Tier 1 ISP
Tier-2 ISP local local ISP ISP

Tier 1 ISP
Tier-2 ISP local ISP

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Internet Data
data application transport network link physical application transport network link physical network link physical data application transport network link physical

Network Data Flow Review

application transport network link physical

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Bi tp
Ly v d v s phn tng trong thc t!
Lit k cc tng v nhim v c th. Giao tip gia cc tng (giao thc).

Truy cp http://www.hau1.edu.vn/cs/dxha/courses/0405/comnet/ v vit bo co v website ny.

Mc ch? Ni dung? Yu cu?

Trnh by cc tng giao thc trong OSI v TCP/IP, nu tn v vai tr ca mt s giao thc. i chiu hai m hnh ny. Truy cp a ch sau tm hiu thm v Internet http://www.hau1.edu.vn/cs/dxha/courses/0405/ipp/
Chapter 1. Introduction to Computer Network, OSI, TCP/IP Reference Model 57

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