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MC LC
MC LC
LI NI U LM MI ..................................................................................................................................6 CHNG 1. TNG QUAN AUTOCAD CIVIL 3D ...............................................................................................7 GII THIU CHUNG V AUTOCAD CIVIL 3D ................................................................................................................. 7
What's New ................................................................................................................................................................ 7 Source Code Samples ................................................................................................................................................. 7 Programming Tools and Setup ................................................................................................................................... 7 Documentation .......................................................................................................................................................... 8 Support ...................................................................................................................................................................... 8 Training ...................................................................................................................................................................... 9
NG DNG ........................................................................................................................................................ 9 GII THIU GIAO DIN LM VIC ..................................................................................................................... 10 MT S THAO TC C BN KHI LM VIC VI AUTOCAD CIVIL 3D 2009 ......................................................... 11 D LIU CA AUTOCAD CIVIL 3D 2009................................................................................................................... 12 Mt s nh dng file d liu dng trong Autocad Civil 3D. ....................................................................... 12 THIT LP BAN U MT BN V .................................................................................................................... 13 CHNG 2. BI TON V D TRONG THIT K NG .................................................................................14 LI NI U ..................................................................................................................................................... 14 M BN V MU ............................................................................................................................................. 14 NHP IM ...................................................................................................................................................... 16 TO MT THIT K ........................................................................................................................................... 17 THIT K TUYN ............................................................................................................................................... 21 THIT K TRC DC .......................................................................................................................................... 24 Xut trc dc t nhin................................................................................................................................. 24 Thit k trc dc .......................................................................................................................................... 25 MT BNG TUYN CORRIDOR ....................................................................................................................... 29 Thit k Assembly........................................................................................................................................ 29 To m hnh tuyn ...................................................................................................................................... 33 To cc mt sau thit k ............................................................................................................................. 36 Kim tra s b khi lng ........................................................................................................................... 38 NG NG PIPE ......................................................................................................................................... 38 XUT MT CT NGANG .................................................................................................................................... 40 Xut mt ct ngang .................................................................................................................................... 40 Xut bng khi lng theo mt ct ............................................................................................................ 43 CHNG 3: SURVEY CC VN LIN QUAN N KHO ST ....................................................................47 TNG QUAN V MENU SURVEY ................................................................................................................................ 47 THIT LP D LIU ........................................................................................................................................... 48 To mi d n ............................................................................................................................................. 48 Thit lp thng s ca my o v cc d liu hnh hc .............................................................................. 48
Thng s ca my o ............................................................................................................................................... 48 c tnh d liu hnh hc ......................................................................................................................................... 49
Creating Survey Data Using the Traverse Editor ......................................................................................... 58 To d liu kho st qua cng c Survey Command Window .................................................................... 58 CALCULATING AN AZIMUTH IN THE ASTRONOMIC DIRECTION CALCULATOR...................................................................... 58 PHN TCH D LIU BNH SAI. ............................................................................................................................... 59
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T MI: ............................................................................................................................................................. 61 ANALYZING AND REDUCING SURVEY DATA................................................................................................................. 63 Querying Survey Data ................................................................................................................................. 64 Performing Traverse Analysis ...................................................................................................................... 66 NGN NG LNH TT DNG TRONG FILE *.FBK .......................................................................................................... 68 Point Creation Commands .......................................................................................................................... 68 Point Location Commands .......................................................................................................................... 71 Point Editing Commands ............................................................................................................................. 73 Figure Commands ....................................................................................................................................... 74 Intersection Commands .............................................................................................................................. 77 Equipment Correction Commands .............................................................................................................. 78 Baseline Commands .................................................................................................................................... 80 Centerline Commands ................................................................................................................................. 80 AutoCAD Related Commands ...................................................................................................................... 81 Miscellaneous Commands........................................................................................................................... 82 GII THCH MT S FILE C XUT SAU KHI BNH SAI ................................................................................................. 82 File: fv1.trv .................................................................................................................................................. 82 1.lso ............................................................................................................................................................. 83 Ba1.trv ......................................................................................................................................................... 83 CHNG 4: POINT .........................................................................................................................................85 TM HIU I TNG POINT ................................................................................................................................... 85 DESCRIPTION KEYS ................................................................................................................................................ 85 Tm hiu Description keys............................................................................................................................ 85 To nhm im ........................................................................................................................................... 86 Nhp im vo bn v - Point ..................................................................................................................... 87 Transfer point: Chuyn i nh dng file d liu im .............................................................................. 91 Xem xet mt s nh dng file d liu im c sn: ................................................................................... 91 CHNG 5: SURFACE - B MT .....................................................................................................................93 Cc kiu b mt ........................................................................................................................................... 93 To mt mt kiu Tin surfaces .................................................................................................................... 94
To mi mt mt ..................................................................................................................................................... 94 Hng dng chy-Water Drop ................................................................................................................................. 95 Xy dng b mt t DEM File .................................................................................................................................. 96
iu c v cha c:............................................................................................................................ 97 CHNG 6: ALIGNMENT ...............................................................................................................................99 Qu trnh to Alignments ............................................................................................................................ 99 To Alignment bng Alignment Layout Tools ........................................................................................... 100
To on cong trn cng vi phn chuyn tip t mt on Alignment thng - To add a floating curve with a spiral (from entity, radius, length) off a line. ......................................................................................................... 102
To Alignment bng ng Polyline......................................................................................................... 102 To Alignment bng cch Import XML file. ............................................................................................... 103 Hiu chnh li tuyn ................................................................................................................................... 103 Xem xt cc thit lp ca Alignment Hiu chnh Settings ca Alignment. ............................................. 104
ng dng thay i Settings hiu chnh hin th ca cc Label trn Alignment. ................................................ 104
THIT K K THUT TUYN .............................................................................................................................. 107 Li ni u ................................................................................................................................................ 107 Thit k siu cao........................................................................................................................................ 107
V d tnh siu cao quanh mp gii phn cch gia cho ng 4 ln: ................................................................... 115 Mt vi ch .......................................................................................................................................................... 117
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MC LC
CHNG 7: PROFILE TRC DC ................................................................................................................ 121 Ty bin hin th trc dc .......................................................................................................................... 121 V d hiu chnh mt trc dc ................................................................................................................... 122
Hiu chnh li ....................................................................................................................................................... 123 Hiu chnh li trc dc t nhin ............................................................................................................................. 129 Hiu chnh ng : ............................................................................................................................................ 129 Hiu chnh cc thanh d liu trc dc .................................................................................................................... 130
CHNG 8: ASSEMBLIES & SUBASSEMBLY .................................................................................................. 136 CHNG 9: CORRIDOR - M HNH MT BNG TUYN ................................................................................ 137 Assembly Thit k trc ngang theo mu ................................................................................................ 137
Subassembly: Cc b phn cu thnh nn mt mu trc ngang ............................................................................ 137 Thit k mt mu trc ngang chun v lu vo trong thanh ToolPalettes ............................................................ 137 Mt s mu Subassembly c sn trong Catalog h tr thit k nng cp ............................................................. 137
T nh ngha thnh phn trc ngang SubAssembly ................................................................................ 138 View/ Edit Corridor Section ....................................................................................................................... 139 Viewing and Editing the Divided Highway Corridor .................................................................................. 139 Creating Corridor Surface .......................................................................................................................... 144 Rendering Corridors .................................................................................................................................. 146 CHNG 10: PIPE NETWORK H THNG NG NG ............................................................................ 147 CC I TNG CHNH TRONG MT PIPE NETWORK ................................................................................................. 147 TM HIU CC MU SN TRONG PART CATALOG........................................................................................................ 148 Cc mu Pipe............................................................................................................................................. 148 Cc mu Structure ..................................................................................................................................... 149 TO MI MT PARTS LITS: ................................................................................................................................... 149 Cc thng s kch thc ca Pipe ............................................................................................................. 151
Gii thch ngha: ................................................................................................................................................... 151
Ch : ........................................................................................................................................................ 153 THIT K MNG NG NG PIPE NETWORK ........................................................................................................ 154 Cc bc thit k Pipe network: ............................................................................................................... 154
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. To Surface v Alignment ............................................................................................................................ 154 To cc kiu hin th cho Pipe, Structure trong mt bng, trc dc v trc ngang ...................................... 154 To Part List v cc mu ring t Part Builder nu cn thit, to Part Rules............................................... 154 To Pipe Network trn mt bng ................................................................................................................ 154 Kim tra phm vi nh hng giao ct (Checking for Intereferences) .......................................................... 154 Thit k hnh chiu ng ca Pipe Network ................................................................................................ 155 p Part Rules cho cc b phn ca mng .................................................................................................... 155 To nhn, bng thng k cc b phn ......................................................................................................... 155 a Pipe Network ra cc trc ngang khi bm theo Alignment .................................................................... 155
Thit k Pipe Network trn mt bng ....................................................................................................... 155 Thm i tng vo mng ....................................................................................................................... 155 TM HIU PART BUILDER ...................................................................................................................................... 155 Tng quan v Part Builder ......................................................................................................................... 155 Placement Points....................................................................................................................................... 155 CHNG 11: CROSS SECTIONS & VOLUNMES MT CT NGANG V KHI LNG ................................... 157 HIU CHNH BNG TRC NGANG TRONG CIVIL 3D...................................................................................................... 157 CREATING SAMPLE LINES...................................................................................................................................... 158 Kim tra li style: Finished Grade ca Corridor-6a .................................................................................... 160 SECTION VIEW PROPERTIES. ................................................................................................................................. 161 TNH TON CC LOI KHI LNG ............................................................................................................... 163 Reviewing Quantity Takeoff Settings ........................................................................................................ 163 Calculating Quantity Takeoff Volumes...................................................................................................... 165 CHNG 12: NG DNG TRONG THIT K NT GIAO - (CNG MC CH T) ............................................. 170
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STEP 1: THIT K M PHNG NT GIAO BNG CC NG POLYLINES .......................................................................... 170 SEP 2: TO CC NG ALIGNMENTS C TRNG T CC NG POLYLINES............................................................... 171 STEP 3: THIT K NG CA TRC NG CHNH .............................................................................................. 172 STEP 4: THIT K NG CA TRC NG NHNH ............................................................................................ 172 Thit k mt ct ngang v to m hnh b mt cho ung chnh. ........................................................... 172 Thit k ng cho ng nhnh ....................................................................................................... 176 STEP 5: THIT K NG CHO CC NG GII HN NGOI CA NT GIAO .............................................................. 178 Xy dng m hnh mt bng ph cho ng nhnh ................................................................................ 178 Thit k ng cho ng gii hn ngoi ca nt giao. .................................................................... 180 STEP 6: LY CAO CHO NG BELLMOUTH......................................................................................................... 181 STEP 7: XY DNG CC MT CT TIU BIU CHO NT GIAO. ........................................................................................ 182 STEP 8: TO CORRIDOR TI NT GIAO .................................................................................................................... 185 STEP 9: HON THNH M HNH NT GIAO............................................................................................................... 195 CHNG 13: GRADING THIT K M HNH SAN LP & TNH TON KHI LNG SAN LP. ..................... 200 HIU MT S VN KHI LM VIC ........................................................................................................................ 200 Cc hp thoi: ........................................................................................................................................... 200
Create Feature lines ............................................................................................................................................... 200 Assign Elevations .................................................................................................................................................... 200 Weeding Factors .................................................................................................................................................... 201 Site Properties: ....................................................................................................................................................... 202 Thanh cng c Grading Creation Tools .................................................................................................................. 202
CHNG 14: PARCEL QUY HOCH CHIA L .............................................................................................. 204 NHNG CH TRONG THIT K PARCEL .................................................................................................................. 204 CHNG 15: MAP IN AUTOCAD CIVIL 3D .................................................................................................... 205 CHNG 16: SHARING THE MODEL ............................................................................................................. 206 PH LC 1: MT S RC RI V LI V CNH BO ..................................................................................... 207 MT VI LI CNH BO TRONG HP THOI PANORAMA: ............................................................................................ 207 Warning .................................................................................................................................................... 207 Imformation .............................................................................................................................................. 207 DRAWING RECOVERY........................................................................................................................................... 207 PH LC 2: CC HP THOI V NG DNG ................................................................................................ 211 LABEL STYLE COMPOSER ...................................................................................................................................... 211 Th Information: ....................................................................................................................................... 211 Th General: .............................................................................................................................................. 211 PROFILE VIEW PROPERTIES .................................................................................................................................... 212 Bands ........................................................................................................................................................ 212 Band Type ................................................................................................................................................. 212 Select Band Style ....................................................................................................................................... 212
Add >> .................................................................................................................................................................... 212 List of Bands ........................................................................................................................................................... 213 Location.................................................................................................................................................................. 213
PH LC 3: T CHUYN NGNH .................................................................................................................. 220 PHC V SURVEY MENU ...................................................................................................................................... 220 PHC V THIT K NG TRONG CIVIL 3D............................................................................................................. 222 NHNG VN CN TM HIU THM ......................................................................................................... 227
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LI NI U
LI NI U Lm mi
Ngy 25 12 2007, chnh thc bt u nghin cu tip phn mm AutoCAD Civil 3D 2009. Vi mong mun trc thng 4-2009 ti s a ra mt ti liu hng dn s dng phn mm AutoCAD Civil 3D 2009 y , a ra mt la chn mi, mt gii php cho cc d n c s h tng. y xin gi ln trc mt phn nh mi ngi quan tm tham kho v ng gp kin, bn tho ny cn kh ln nhn mong mi ngi thng cm. i vi nhng ngi bt u lm quen vi AutoCAD Civil 3D 2009, hy tm hiu phn 1& 2 trc sau ty vo nhu cu ca mnh m c th tm hiu lun mt phn bt k m khng phi theo th t no c. Mi ng gp xin lin h: PHM CNG THNH Cty TNHH Cng ngh Hi Ha P904, 185 Ging V Mobile: 0912944028 Email: vqtvnndh.pct@gmail.com & thinh_pc@harmonytech.com.vn
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DevTV: Introduction to Civil 3D Programming NEW ! A self-paced video tutorial demonstrating how to get started developing with Civil 3D. View online | Download
Support Public discussion groups provide an open forum for sharing knowledge and receiving support. Join the AutoCAD Civil 3D General Discussion Group or the AutoCAD Civil 3D Customization Discussion Group. Because AutoCAD Civil 3D software is based on AutoCAD software, you might also find useful software development information in the following AutoCAD Development Discussion Groups:
Visual LISP, AutoLISP, and General Customization Issues? VB/VBA/ActiveX CustomizationVB/VBA/ActiveX Customization ObjectARX Customization
If you would like personalized API support and consulting at your facility, send us an e-mail. If you need more professional support, consider joining the Autodesk Developer Network.
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NG DNG
AutoCAD Civil 3D c ng dng rt rng tu vo ngi s dng n, c bit c s dng ph bin cho thit k quy hoch, cc cng trnh dng tuyn nh: Thit k ng ngoi th ng cao tc ng th Thit k nt giao thng Thit k nng cp Thit k knh, , p Thit k h thng ng dn
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3 4 1 5 2
Giao din ca Autodesk Civil 3D cng rt trc quan, c nn ca AutoCad v cc thanh cng c h tr gip ngi dng thao tc cc tc v mt cch nhanh chng nht. Cc thnh phn c bn trong giao din s dng Autodesk Civil 3D l: 1. Toolspace: Dng qun l cc i tng, bao gm 2 th: Prospector qun l tp hp cc i tng v Settings qun l v hiu chnh thuc tnh ca i tng. 2. Item view: Hin th danh sch vi ni dung ca cc i tng khi c la chn trong Toolspace. 3. Standardized menus: Bao gm cc menu cha cc nhm lnh y cho tng cng vic c th. AutoCAD Civil 3D 2009 bao gm thm mt s menu trong Land Desktop c. 4. Layout-tools 5. Panorama: Thanh cng c hiu chnh tng hp cc i tng c c tnh Edit *** Geometry
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- Chn mt nhm i tng (thuc nhn)(*): kch chut tri vo mt nhn, cc nhn cng nhm s cng c la chn. - Chn mt ring l nhn thuc nhm: Bm Ctrl + kch chut tri vo cc nhn cn chn, cc nhn khc trong nhm s khng c chn. (iu ny ch c trong Civil 2009). nhn (label) v d nh tn ca mt mt ct hoc tn cc trong mt bng tuyn, tc l trong Alignment (Civil 3D). - Trong cc giai on chuyn su nh tnh ton khi lng o p, lu lng dng chy nn kt hp vi Excel c mt k qu tt hn v nhanh hn, trong cc bng tnh trong civil 3D nh hnh di, kch chut phi vo bng chn Copy to Clipboard.
(*)
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- Khi lm quen vi Civil 3D hay Autodesk Land Desktop, sau tng giai on thit k nn xut sang nh dng LandXML qun l v c th lm d liu song song cho cc phn mm khc. Hu ht cc phn mm thit k xy dng khc hin nay c th c v xut kt qu ra cc file nh dng LandXM. - Trong AutoCAD Civil 3D cc nhn ca i tng (v d nh tn cc ti v tr tip u) c k hiu thng thng vit tt bi thut ng ting Anh, c th thay i ta lm nh sau: trn thanh Toolspace\ th Settings\ Kch chut phi vo tn bn v chn Edit Drawing Setting, trong hp thoi Drawing Setting chn th Abbreviations. - Cc li trong qua trnh thao tc (Error Codes): Xem t trang 100 file Civil_ug trong th mc Help sau khi ci t chng trnh.
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THIT LP BAN U MT BN V
AutoCAD Civil 3D s dng 2 h o lng l h o lng Anh (feet) v h o lng mt (m). Khi lm vic cn thng nhp chung mt h o lng cho cc gi tr, nh cao , khong cch, n v o Khuyn co, sau khi la chn h o lng, nn s dng cc bn v mu (template) c sn trong th mc Template ca chng trnh s dng. thay i li h o lng ta lm vic vi hp thoi Drawing Settings: Trong th Settings trn thanh Toolspace, kch chut phi vo tn bn v v chn Edit Drawing Settings Trong hp thoi Drawing Settings, thay i h n v s dng trong th Units-Zone v th Ambient Settings.
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Cc bc lm khng i vo chi tit m ch yu l theo cc bc. Trong qu trnh lm, c th kt qu ca cc bn s khc vi kt qu th hin trong bi, tuy nhin iu ny khng quan trng, quan trng l ta nm c bn c cc bc lm, hiu s qua cc i tng ca phn mm tng ng vi cng vic no ngoi thc t, sau xem thm trong cc chng sau hon thin kh nng ng dng.
M BN V MU
Khi ng chng trnh AutoCAD Civil 3D. M mt bn v mu, chn kiu file l Drawing Templete (*.dwt) v tm n file mu c to sn lu trong th mc Chuong 2 ca a hng dn _AutoCAD Civil 3D (Metric) TCVN nh di hnh 2.1: Save As bn v sang mt th mc khc, trong v d ny ly tn bn v l: Chuong 2 ban ve 1:
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Kim tra n v v t l ca bn v: Trong th Settings ca thanh Toolspace, kch chut phi vo tn bn v, chn Edit Drawing Settings Trong hp thoi Drawing Settings, khi xem xt cc th s thy n v s dng l h mt v t l bn v y l 1:1000
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NHP IM
- Trn thanh Toolspace chn th Prospector - Kch chut phi vo Points, chn Create, xut hin thanh cng c Create Points:
M rng thng s Default Layer v chuyn t lp 0 v lp V-NODE. - Chn Import Points, xut hin hp thoi Import Points nh sau :
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TO MT THIT K
Trong thanh Toolspace chn th Prospector tab: Kch chut phi vo i tng Surface chn Create Surface:
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Hnh 2.8 cho ta thy b mt EG sau khi nhn ton b im trong bn v lm d liu. Kiu hin th cho b mt (surface style) dng cc ng ng mc (Contours 2m and 10m (Background)) c nhn nh trong hnh 2.6. Kiu hin th ny ta c th
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Hnh 2.11: Xem Surface Styles trong th Settings trn thanh Toolspace.
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THIT K TUYN
Trong Alignments menu, chn Create Aligment by layout, xut hin hp thoi sau:
Chn cc thit lp trong th General nh trn hnh, khng quan tm n th Design Criteria vi. Kch Ok tip tc. Trn thanh Alignment Layout Tools, kch vo mi tn nh trong hnh di y:
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Trn danh sch tri xung chn Curve and Spiral Setting v la chn cc thng s nh trong hnh v, kch OK tip tc:
Lp li thao tc trn thanh Alignment Layout Tools v chn phn TangentTangent (With curves) trong hnh 2.14 vch tuyn ng thi t ng b tr ng cong lun. Vic thit lp cc thng s trong ng cong nm c th hn nh th no ta s xem trong Chng 6. Ta vch s b mt tuyn gm hai cnh tuyn bng cch kch ln m hnh a hnh 3 nh ca tuyn. Kt qu s ging nh trong hnh di y:
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Trn thanh cng c Alignment Layout Tools, chn vo biu tng Alignment Grid View, trong hp thoi hin ra ta s xem xt c ton b cc thng s hnh hc v tuyn va vch, ta c th hiu chnh cc thng s c hin sng:
Ch : nu ta l tt thanh cng c Alignment Layout Tools, ta c th ly li bng cch kch chut phi vo Alignment v chn Edit Alignment Geometry hoc la chn chc nng ny trn Alignments menu.
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THIT K TRC DC
Xut trc dc t nhin
Trong Profiles menu, chn Create Profile from Surface, xut hin hp thoi:
Trong hp thoi Create Profile from Surface, la chn Alignment l Tuyn AB va thit k, Surface l b mt EG. Kch vo nt Add>>, sau kch vo nt Draw in profile view, ta c:
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Trong hp thoi Create Profile View, th General, chn cc thng s nh trn hnh, kch nt Create Profile View v chn mt im ngoi bn v chn bng trc dc, kt qu c nh sau:
Thit k trc dc
Thit k trc dc hay thit k ng ca tuyn. Trong Profiles menu, chn Create Profile by Layout Trong hp thoi cu lnh Command xut hin dng nhc: Select Profile view to create profile, kch chut vo khung trc dc (khng kch vo ng trc dc t nhin), xut hin hp thoi:
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Trong hp thoi Create Profile-Draw New, t tn cho ng thit k v la chn cc thit lp trong th General nh trn hnh, khng quan tm n cc thng s trong th Design Criteria. Kch OK tip tc, s xut hin hp thoi:
Ta nhn thy thanh cng c Profile Layout Tools y gn tng t vi thanh cng c Alignment Layout Tools. Tng t ta cng kch vo mi tn trong biu tng thit lp cc thng s cho ng cong ng: v chn Curve Setting
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OK kt thc hp thoi, trn thanh cng c Profile Layout Tools, chn Draw Tangents With Curves v thit k s trc dc gm hai cnh nh sau:
Hnh 2.24: ng .
Zoom ln ta c th xem thng s ng cong ng lm qua nhn ca Profile (TCVN Profile label set).
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Ta s thm mt s thng tin y cho bng trc dc nh sau: Kch phi chut vo bng trc dc v chn Profile View Properties,
Trong hp thoi Profile View Properties, chn th Bands, chn Import band set v chn TCVN Profile View Band Set. Kch Ok n khi thot ht hp thoi. Kt qu bng trc dc s c nh hnh di y:
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i vi AutoCAD Civil 3D 2009 tr i c th dng cc mu Assembly v d sn c trong th Assemblies Metric dng lun bng cch kch chn mt mu v kch ra ngoi bn v to Assembly. V d chn mu u tin Basic Assembly ta s c nh sau trong bn v:
Mt Assembly s c cu thnh bi nhiu Subassembly khc nhau tng ng vi cc i tng nh mt phn xe chy, l gia c, taluy, Ta s lm theo cc bc sau t to mt Assembly gn ging nh trn, tuy nhin y ta cng khng quan tm nhiu n cc thng s ca tng Subassembly. Trn menu Corridor, chn Create Assembly:
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t tn v thit lp cc thng s nh trn hnh. Kch OK kt thc hp thoi, kch mt im trn bn v trn trc gia Assembly v c dng nh hnh di y:
y c coi l mt Assembly, tuy nhin cha hon chnh. Trn thanh Tool Palettes, chn th Metric Basic. Dng cc Subassembly sau: o BasicLane thit k mt ng. o BasicCurbAndGutter thit k k chn nc. o BasicSidewalk thit k l ng. o BasicSideSlopeCurDitch thit k taluy ng. Thao tc v d vi mt SubAssembly nh sau: Kch chn Subassembly BasicLane, xut hin hp thoi Properties ca Subassembly nh hnh sau, ch thuc tnh Side quy nh chiu chn Subassembly, ta hiu rng khi thit k na tri hay phi ca mt mt ct ngang th thuc tnh ny phi l nh nhau cho mi Subassembly:
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Ngoi bn v xut hin hnh vung yu cu kch vo im lin kt trong Assembly v lu c rt nhiu im chn trong mt Assembly hay mt Subassembly v ta phi kch ng theo nhu cu, chn BasicLand l phn ni lin vi trc gia ca Assembly ta chn nh hng dn di hnh:
Ta ch , im tri trn hoc phi trn c bao bi cc vng trn nh s l cc im chn cho cc Subassembly khc cng pha. Lm tng t cho cc Subassembly khc v lm c hai pha, kt qu cui cng ta s c nh hnh di y:
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To m hnh tuyn
Trn menu Corridors, chn Create corridors. Dng lnh Command s nhc ta chn Alignment, chn Profile, chn Assembly ln lt nh sau:
Select a baseline alignment <or press enter key to select from list>: Select a profile <or press enter key to select from list>: Select an assembly <or press enter key to select from list>:
Ta c th ln lt kch chn cc i tng trong bn v hoc kch chut phi hay phm bt k chn i tng trong danh sch nhm cc i tng v d nh hnh:
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Trong hp thoi Create Corridor, t tn cho Corridor v chn vo nt Set all Targets, xut hin tip hp thoi nh hnh di:
Kch vo dng ch <Click here to set all> v chn mt EG trong hp thoi Pick a Surface.
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Kch phi vo Corridor va to, chn Object Viewer, trong hp thoi Object Viewer ta c th xem m hnh nhiu hng khc nhau.
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To cc mt sau thit k
Kt qu vic to cc mt ny s phc v ta khi thit k mng ng ng v tnh ton cc dng khi lng. Ta to hai mt: o Mt trn cng ca mt bng tuyn, v d mt ny s quy nh cao ca vo ca h ga. o Mt di cng ca mt bng tuyn, l mt khng bao gm kt cu o ng. Kch phi chut vo m hnh Corridor va to trn, chn Corridor Properties xut hin hp thoi sau:
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Thao tc cc bc ln lt nh trn hnh, ti bc 3 s chn Top v Datum. t li tn cho mt d nh hn. Sau khi c kt qu nh hnh trn, chuyn sang th Boundaries:
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Trong hp thoi Panorama, kch vo biu tng , chn mt chun, mt so snh trong th Surface Pair, ta nhn c cc khi lng bn th Volume. Khi thay i trc dc (thay i ng ) tc l s lm thay i mt chun, ta s nhn c s liu o p mi t thay i sau khi ta chn biu tng . y ch l khi lng tng khi so snh hai mt vi nhau, mt t nhin v mt sau thit k. Khi lng theo tng mt ct ngang s lm phn tip theo.
NG NG PIPE
Trn menu Pipes, chn Create Pipe Network by Layout, xut hin hp thoi nh hnh di y:
Hnh 2.43: Create Pipe Network. HNG DN S DNG AUTOCAD CIVIL 3D 2009 Cng ty TNHH Cng ngh Hi Ha Http://harmonytech.com.vn
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Trong phn Structure list chn: Concentric Cylindrical Structure SI/ Concentric Structure 1,500 dia 530 frame 900 cone. Trong phn Pipe list chn: 1,050 mm RPC Trong phn Toggle Upslope/Downslope: Chn nh trong hnh. Trong phn Draw Pipes and Structures chn: Pipes and Structures. Trong dng lnh Command, nh lnh so Trong dng lnh Command xut hin cu nhc la trn Alignemtn >>Select alignment: kch chn vo Alignment (tim tuyn), nu la chn ng, ti dng lnh Command s hi l trnh chn mng ng ng: o >>Specify station along alignment: 100 tip tc. o >>Specify station offset: 3.6 tip tc.
Ch : Khi kch chn Alignment nu khng chn c ta c th tm tt lp CROAD-CORR: Kt qu thit k c nh trong hnh di y:
Kch chn c Structure v Pipe, sau kch chut phi chn Object View, ta c th qua st mng ng ng di dng 3D nh sau:
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XUT MT CT NGANG
Xut mt ct ngang
Trn menu Sections, chn Create Sample Lines Trong dng lnh Command xut hin dng nhc Select an Alignment, kch vo Alignment l Tuyn AB hoc kch chut phi chn trong hp thoi Select Alignment:
Hnh 2.47: Selec Alignment. HNG DN S DNG AUTOCAD CIVIL 3D 2009 Cng ty TNHH Cng ngh Hi Ha Http://harmonytech.com.vn
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B du tch dng Network (1) nh trn hnh, lc ny khi xut mt ct ngang s khng c mt ct ng ng trong , tuy nhin do trn khi ta thit k ng ng ch mi thit k trn mt bng m cha thit k cc cao nn cha hon chnh. Kch OK kt thc hp thoi Create Sample Line Group, xut hin thanh cng c Sample Line Tools:
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Lc nay trn Corridor xut hin cc ng mt ct ngang, ta c th xut mt ct ngang ti mt ng mt ct no hay xut ton b mt ct ngang bng cch chn trong menu Sections, chn Create View xut mt mt ct ngang, hoc chn Create Multiple Views xut ton b. Nhm trc ngang c xut ra ngoi bn v nh sau:
Vic hiu chnh hin th cc thng s mt ct ngang theo cc mu ca Vit Nam cng c thc hin gn nh trong bng trc dc m ta xut ra. Xem thm trong Chng 10.
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Ta xut bng khi lng o p theo mt ct qua cc bc nh sau: Vo menu Sections chn Compute Materials, xut hin hp thoi:
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Kim tra li cc i tng trong hnh 2.50, nu thy ng, kch OK thao tc tip.
Trong hp thoi Compute Materials chn nh hnh trn: o Quantity takeoff criteria chn: Eathworks. o Existing Ground chn: EG. o Datum chn: Mt bng Tuyn AB (Datum)
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C th OK lun kt thc hp thoi, kch mt im ngoi bn v chn bng khi lng, ta s c kt qu nh trong hnh di y:
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Hnh 3.1
Mi thao tc sau ny lin quan Survey s kt hp lm trn menu Survey v c trn thanh cng c Toolspace.
D n lin quan n kho st c chng trnh lu trong th mc Civil 3D Projects c t mc nh trong qu trnh ci t, v d khi bn to mi mt Survey Databases l th th tn ti mt th mc con th trong th mc Civil 3D Projects v cha cc d liu lin qua, t d liu nhp vo n cc file kt qu bnh sai. Mt d n kho st(v d nh d n th trn) bao gm cc phn sau: Networks: Network groups:
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THIT LP D LIU
To mi d n
M th Survey trong thanh Toolspace, kch chut phi vo Survey Databases chn New local survey databaset tn l Survey 1.
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Nh vy y ta c 2 nhm my l Survey 1 v Sample. cc cng tc sau ny s s dng thng s k thut ca nhm no ta kch chut phi vo nhm v chn Make current.
c tnh d liu hnh hc Kch chut phi vo Figure Prefix Databases, chn New. t tn cho dng d liu hnh hc ny l Survey 1 trong hp thoi New Figre Prefix.
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M rng phn Figure Prefix Databases, kch chut phi vo Survey 1 chn Make current.
NHP D LIU
D liu cu mt mng kho st (Network) bao gm cc thng s v cc im gc (Control points), d liu nh hng gc
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AutoCAD Civil 3D h tr 4 cch thc nhp d liu dng o c nh sau: Nhp d liu t file d liu chun nh dng *.fbk (Field book file). Thc t, file kho st th c th c phn m rng l *.txt thng thng, tuy nhin cu trc d liu trong phai phi m bo theo ng ngn ng lnh tt dng trong file kho st th ca Civil 3D. Nhp d liu t th Toolspace Survey. Nhp d liu s dng Traverse Editor. Nhp d liu bng cch s dng Survey Command Window.
Kch chut phi vo mng d liu va to chn Import field book, trong hp thoi Field book file name (.FBK) chn n th mc cha file v d
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D liu mt d n bao gm 3 phn chnh l Networks, Figures,Survey Points c ngha nh sau: Phn Networks: lu tr d liu v cc trm my chnh, my ph, cc hng nm ti mi trm my (xem hnh di). Phn Figures: lu tr d liu v hnh hc (xem hnh di). Phn Survey Points: d liu im thng thng (xem hnh di).
Ch , ti li d liu khi cn thit D liu nhp xong s lu vo th mc cha d n, c th l nm trong th mc Civil 3D Project, sau khi tt chng trnh v m li th tm thi chng trnh khng ti d liu ln trnh lm nng chng trnh khi khng cn thit, np li d liu ta lm nh sau:
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C th kch mt im ngoi bn v bng cch chn vo biu tng in gi tr cao hoc khng. To hng gc Directions:
, c th
Trong mt mng kho st, kch chut phi vo Directions chn New, xut hin hp thoi:
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Hng gc ny c xc nh t mt im gc 1 v mt gc bng 160 0 theo dng Azimuth gc phng v (gc ly vi hng bc theo chiu kim ng h). im 4000 l mt im nm trong hng ny, khng c ta v khi s khng nm trong danh sch im trong . To cc d liu ti mt trm my Trong mt mng kho st, kch chut phi vo Setups chn New, xut hin hp thoi: ngha cc thng s trong hnh di nh sau: Trm my 1. Hng ngm v im 4000 (im ny khng c ta , gc ly nh phn hng gc trn bng 1600). Sau khi nhp im nh hng l 4000, my tnh s bo im ny cha c ta , c khi to n hay khng, trong hp thoi xut hin c th chn Yes hoc No, nu ch cn ly lm hng th khng cn, chn No tip tc. Cao my 1.5m Cao tuyt i ca my bng 201,5m (cao tuyt i trm my 1 bng 200m). Ta trm my 1.
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Sau khi khi to xong trm my, gc nh hng, kch chut phi vo trm my va khi to c dng Station:<tn trm my>, Backsight:<tn im nh hng>, trong v d trn l Station:1, Backsight:4000, chn Edit observations, xut hin hp thoi:
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CHNG 3: SURVEY CC VN LIN QUAN N KHO ST Creating Survey Data Using the Traverse Editor
C th nhp d liu kho st qua cng c Traverse Editor nh sau:
Note: The observations will determine the true astronomic direction from the station point to the backsight point. Notice that after you enter the stop time for an observation, the observed and average direction are calculated automatically. After you have entered the above data, notice that the Mean Direction value calculated by the Astronomic Direction Calculator is SOUTH87.967088EAST (if the drawing settings Direction Measurement Type is set to Bearings).
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Kch chut phi vo cy Setups nh hnh v, chn Edit Observations, xut hin hp thoi:
Cc thuc tnh v mt im o bao gm nh sau: Number, Name, Angle, Angle Type, Distance, Distance Type, Vertical, Vertical Type, Target Height, Target Type, Scale Factor, Easting, Northing, Elevation, Longitude, Latitude. Khi hiu chnh cc thuc tnh trn th ton b d liu kho st ca d n s c cp nhp.
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T mi:
Miscellaneous: tp, pha tp, c tnh khc nhau Name Discription Units: n v Distance: di Angle: gc Angle: Gc Horizontal collimation: ngm ngang collimation The process of adjusting the line of sight or lens of an optical instrument so that it is properly located based on the other parts of the instrument Qu trnh ca vic iu chnh ng ngm hay thu knh (ca) mt dng c quang hc sao cho n ng mc nh v da vo nhng phn khc (ca) dng c.
Angle type Vertical collimation: ngm ng Vertical angle type C ba kiu gc nh sau: Horizontal: Gc ngm ngang Zenith: Gc thin nh Nadir: Gc chn
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Electronic distance meter (EDM) Dng c o c in t EDM Electronic distance measuring devices that measure the round-trip transit time of a pulsed signal from which distance is computed Refractive index: ch s khc x Wave constant Offset EDM Offset The vertical distance from the scope center to the EDM center. Civil 3D uses this value to calculate distance Measuring device Prism Tilting Prism offset Prism constant Standard deviations EDM proportional error (ppm) EDM constant error
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figure Special linework automatically created in a drawing when you import a field book containing figure data. Also created when using Civil 3D survey figure commands. You can control the layers for figures by using figure prefixes. figure prefix Used to automatically place figures on user-defined layers based on the beginning part of the figure name. For example, the figure prefix EP can be used to place the figures EP, EP1, EP2, and EPL all on the same layer. Using figure prefixes in conjunction with description keys can largely automate the process of constructing a well organized base plan. fixed entity An alignment entity with a fixed position, not necessarily tangent to another entity for the definition of its geometry. See also float entity, free entity.
Adjusting a traverse loop using the standard compass rule method or other adjustment methods. Page 63
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Each method produces slightly different results. The standard compass rule adjustment method adjusts the traverse loop and sideshots. The least squares method adjusts each of the observations so that the sum of the residuals is a minimum. Note: Before performing the steps in this lesson, you must have created the survey database Survey 1 and imported the field book file Survey-1.fbk. For more information, see the lesson Importing and Viewing Survey Data. For more information about reducing surface data, see the Autodesk Civil 3D Help topic Survey Analysis and Output.
In this exercise, you will use the Survey Command Window to perform a query on the survey data. You will use the Inverse Points command to determine the direction and distance between two points. To use the Survey Command Window to query survey data 1. In Toolspace, on the Survey tab, expand the Survey Databases collection. 2. If the database Survey 1 is not open (is not displayed with a and kch Open Survey Database. next to it), right-kch
NoteBy default, to save on resource usage, when you start Autodesk Civil 3D, all survey databases are displayed in a closed state. 3. Right-kch Survey 1 and kch Edit Survey Database Settings. 4. In the Survey Database Settings dialog box, expand the Survey Command Window property group and ensure that the following are set: o Point Course Echo: Yes o Figure Course Echo: Yes o Point Coordinate Echo: Yes o Figure Coordinate Echo: Yes o Command Echo: Yes These settings determine what kind of information will get displayed in the Survey Command Window. 5. Kch OK to close the Survey Database Settings dialog box. 6. On the Survey tab, expand the Networks collection, right-kch Survey Network 1, and kch Survey Command Window. HNG DN S DNG AUTOCAD CIVIL 3D 2009 Cng ty TNHH Cng ngh Hi Ha Http://harmonytech.com.vn
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7. In the Survey Command Window, kch View menu 8. In the Enter Point dialog box, enter 1. Kch OK. The drawing zooms to point 1.
Zoom To Point.
9. Kch Point Information menu Inverse Points. 10. In the Point Information - Inverse Points dialog box, enter: o Start Point: 1 o Ahead Point: 2 11. Kch OK. The following information, which describes the location of each point and the direction and distance between the points, is displayed in the command output area:! ! POINT 1 NORTH: 5000.0000 EAST: 5000.0000 EL: 263.6500 ! ! Distance: 300.000 Course: N 72-56-33 E ! ! POINT 2 NORTH: 5087.9995 EAST: 5286.8036 EL: 259.9600
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8. Kch OK. The analysis is run, the network is adjusted, and the following files are displayed in the ASCII text editor: an<traverse>.trv: Displays the horizontal closure and angular error. fv<traverse>.trv: Displays a report of raw and adjusted elevations from the vertical adjustment methods. o ba<traverse>.trv: Displays the adjusted station coordinates derived from balancing the angular error and horizontal closure with no angular error. o <traverse>.lso: Displays the adjusted station coordinates based on Horizontal Adjustment Type setting (Compass Rule). 9. Close all the text files. After a traverse analysis is done, and the survey database is updated, the following happens to the data that references the traverse: Observed station points are updated and added to the Control Points collection. o All sides shots from adjusted setups within the traverse are updated. o All figures that reference points within the traverse are updated. o Any of the above data that is displayed in the current drawing is also updated. 10. You will be performing a network analysis in the next exercise, so undo the adjustments to the survey data that resulted from the traverse analysis. Right-kch the Control Points collection and kch Reset Adjusted Coordinates.
o o o
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AD VA (point) [angle] [distance] [vertical angle] (description) Create a point by angle, distance, and vertical angle.
AD VD (point) [angle] [distance] [vertical distance] (description) Create a point by angle, distance, and vertical distance.
BD (point) [bearing] [quadrant] [distance] (description) Create a point by bearing and distance.
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BD VA (point) [bearing] [quadrant] [distance] [vertical angle] (description) Create a point by bearing and distance.
BD VD (point) [bearing] [quadrant] [distance] [vertical distance] (description) Create a point by bearing, distance, and vertical distance.
DD (point) [angle] [distance] [vertical angle] (description) Create a point by deflection angle and distance.
DD VA (point) [angle] [distance] [vertical angle] (description) Create a point by deflection angle, distance, and vertical angle.
DD VD (point) [angle] [distance] [vertical distance] (description) Create a point by deflection angle, distance, and vertical distance.
F1 VA (point) [angle] [distance] [vertical angle] (description) Create a point using a FACE 1 angle and a vertical angle.
F1 VD (point) [angle] [distance] [vertical distance] (description) Create a point using a FACE 1 angle and a vertical distance.
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F2 VD (point) [angle] [distance] [vertical distance] (description) Create a point using a FACE 2 angle and a vertical distance.
LAT LONG (point) [latitude] [longitude] (description) Create a control point using a latitude and longitude.
NE (point) [northing] [easting] (description) Create a control point using a northing and easting.
NE SS (point) [northing] [easting] (elevation) (description) Create a non control point. NEZ (point) [northing] [easting] (elevation) (description) Create a control point using a northing, easting, and elevation.
PT OFFSET (point) [offset] (ahead) (description) Creates a point by offsetting the last point.
SKIP
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STADIA (point) [angle] [distance] [rod] (vertical angle) (description) Creates a point using the stadia method.
ZD (point) [azimuth] [distance] (description) Creates a point using azimuth and distance.
ZD [VA] (point) [azimuth] [distance] [vertical angle] (description) Creates a point using azimuth, distance, and vertical angle.
ZD [VD] (point) [azimuth] [distance] [vertical distance] (description) Creates a point using azimuth, distance, and vertical distance.
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INV PTS [point 1] [point 2] Lists the direction and distance between points.
INVERSE RADIAL [backsight] [station] Lists the angle and distance from a setup in a radial direction from the backsight point.
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SLOPE [point 1] [point 2] Lists the slope angle between two points.
DEL PTS [point 1] (point 2) Deletes points from the survey databases.
MOD ELS [point 1] [point 2] [elevation] Modifies the elevation of multiple points.
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MOD ELS BY [point 1] [point 2] [amount] Modifies the elevation of a group of points by an increment.
Figure Commands
CRV [DELTA, LENGTH, DEFL, MID, Creates a curve in the current figure.
TAN, CHORD] [radius] [value] DEL FIG [figure] Deletes a figure from the drawing.
DISP FIGS Lists all the existing figure names in the current drawing.
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FIG AD [angle] [distance] Creates a figure vertex using an angle and distance.
FIG DD [deflection] [distance] Creates a figure vertex using a deflection angle and distance.
FIG ZD [azimuth] [distance] Creates a figure vertex using an azimuth and distance.
FIG BD [bearing] [quadrant] [distance] Creating a figure vertex using a bearing and distance.
INVERSE FIG [figure] Displays the exact closure (inverse) information for a figure.
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POINT [point] Selects an existing point to be the next vertex in the figure.
START [figure]
XC ZD (BULB) [radius] [chord azimuth] [chord distance] Creates a curve using the chord azimuth.
XC BD (BULB) [radius] [chord bearing] [quadrant] [chord distance] Creates a curve using the chord bearing.
XC DD (BULB) [radius] [chord deflection] [chord distance] Creates a curve using the chord deflection.
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XC C3 [point on curve] [end point] Creates a curve using a point on the curve.
XC PTS [radius] [radius point] [end point] Creates the curve radius.
Intersection Commands
AZAZ [point 1] [azimuth 1] [offset 1] [point 2] [azimuth 2] [offset 2] Calculates an azimuth/azimuth intersection.
BB [point 1] [bearing 1] [quadrant 1] [offset 1] [point 2] [bearing 2] [quadrant 2] [offset 2] Calculates a bearing/bearing intersection.
LNLN [point 1] [point 2] [offset 1] [point 3] [point 4] [offset 2] Calculates a line/line intersection.
ARCB [point] [radius] [point 1] [bearing] [quadrant] [offset] Calculates an arc/bearing intersection.
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SAVE [NORTH, SOUTH, EAST, WEST, 1, 2, ALL] (point) (description) Saves the intersection point.
SAVE [NEAR, FAR] (point) [reference point number] (description) Saves the intersection point.
ANGLES [RIGHT, LEFT] [ZENITH, NADIR, HORIZ] Changes the horizontal angle type (right or left) and the vertical angle type.
COLL [ON, OFF] Turns the collimation corrections for measurements on or off.
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EDM OFFSET [offset] Sets the EDM (Electronic Distance Measuring) offset for an instrument.
UNITS [METER, FOOT] [DMS, DECDEG, GRAD, MILS, RADIANS] Changes the distance or angle units for measurements.
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Baseline Commands
Centerline Commands
CL INV [point 1] (point 2) Displays point data in reference to the current centerline.
CL PT (point) [station] (offset) (skew angle) (description) Creates a new point by station offset.
CL PT BY [point] [station 1] [offset] [distance] (station 2) (description) Creates points at an increment along the centerline.
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CL ROD (point) [station] [offset] [rod] (description) Creates a point using station, offset and rod height.
CL VD (point) [station] [offset] [vertical distance] (description) Creates a point along a centerline using a vertical distance.
XS [station] Sets the current cross section station. XS ELEV (point) [offset] [elevation] (description) Creates a point with offset and elevation from the current cross section.
XS ROD (point) [offset] [rod] (description) Creates a point by offset and rod height from the current cross section.
XS VD (point) [offset] [vertical distance] (description) Creates a point by offset and vertical distance from the current cross section.
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Miscellaneous Commands
HISTORY Displays all the commands you used during thecurrent session.
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1.lso
RAW TRAVERSE Point# 1 N E N 72-56-33 2 Coordinates 5000.0000 5000.0000 N E COMPASS RULE Coordinates 5000.0000 5000.0000 Delta 0.0000
S 63-53-46 3
N 63-53-45 4
S 72-56-35 5
N 62-47-43 6
Ba1.trv
RAW TRAVERSE Point# 1 N Coordinates 5000.0000 N No RULE Coordinates 5000.0000 Delta 0.0000
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Absolute error : 0.0004 Error Direction : N 78-05-42 W Perimeter Precision : 1192.4874 : 1 in 3324324.0586
Number of sides : 5
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CHNG 5: POINT
CHNG 4: POINT
Tm hiu i tng Point
im trong AutoCAD Civil 3D c gi l Coordinate Geometry (COGO), chng khc hon ton vi im trong AutoCAD. im trong AutoCAD ch c gi ta X,Y,Z; cn im trong AutoCAD Civil 3D cn lu tr cc gi tr v th t im, m t, rt quan trng trong vic lc d liu im sau ny. Mt im trong Autocad Civil 3D c hin th vi Point styles v Point label style ca n:
i vi hnh trn, Point style l dng block hnh cy, Point lable style th hin Point number (th t im), Point elevation (cao im), Point Description (m t).
Description keys
Tm hiu Description keys
Trong qu trnh o c kho st a hnh, cc im o thng c cc ghi ch m t km theo vic x l c thun tin nht. Chng hn khi o trn mt din rng, mt im gc nh c th c ghi ch l GN KhuA (gc nh khu A), tng t vi cc im th hin gc nh khc cng c ghi ch theo mt quy tc no m i kho st nh ra. Lc ny ghi ch ca im c dng lm cc m lc, ta c th lc ra cc im th hin gc nh (GN), hay cc im trong Khu A (KhuA) trong ton b d liu kho st.
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Trong AutoCAD Civil 3D, ta c th to cc Description Key t ng qun l cc im no c nhp vo, nh kiu v thuc tnh cho im khi to hoc nhp t mt ngun d liu no . Cc m lc dng trong Description Key nh sau:
Trong Autocad Civil 3D, d liu im c th qun l theo tng nhm ring bit.
To nhm im
Menu: Points\ Create point group Toolspace\ tab Prospector: kch chut phi vo Hp thoi Point Group Properties xut hin: chn New
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CHNG 5: POINT
Trong th Information t tn, ghi m t, xc lp Point style v Point lable style, t lp cho nhm im. Ch : khi Object locked c chn, tt c cc la chn trong cc th sau s b kha
gp cc im t cc Point groups khc, chn th Point Groups v kch v cc nhm im mun ly. gp cc im c cng s m t, chn th Raw Desc Matching v chn cc s m t (raw descriptions) mun chn cho d liu im ca Point group. Khi tt c cc im trn bn v s c tm kim v im no c cng mt s m t ging vi s m t m ta chn trn s c ly lm d liu im ca Point group m ta ang to. lc cc im trong bn v vi cc tiu tr khc nhau ri gp vo cng mt nhm ta dng th Include. xut im ra khi nhm ta chn th Exclude.
Chn OK kt thc cng vic. hiu chnh li thuc tnh v d liu ca nhm: kch chut phi vo nhm im cn hiu chnh, chn Properties.
Nhp im vo bn v - Point
Menu: Point\ Create points
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CHNG 5: POINT
Toolspace\ tab Prospector: kch chut phi vo biu tng chn New Xut hin hp thoi Create Points:
Trong hp thoi Create Points c rt nhiu la chn c th to im: Miscellaneous: to im t nhiu ngun nh cp nhp im trc tip t i tng bn v (im, nh polylines ), convert im t Softdesk
Alignments: to im t cc im c trng trn Alignment nh im u, im cui, cc, im tip gip ga on thng v cong Surface: to im c h tr t cc c tnh b mt nh ng ng mc, cao theo hng
Interpolation: to im t vic ni suy gia cc im, cc i tng khc. Slope: to im t cc s liu v dc cho trc. Import Points: to im t tp im bn ngoi.
Ta c th m rng hp thoi create points thay i mt s thit lp cho d liu im nh layer, point styles
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CHNG 5: POINT
Tin hnh ly d liu im t file ta im, nh dng file dng ny rt phong ph, c th l nh dng ca assces (*.mdb), hoc:
thay i cu trc ca file cho ph hp vi file ta im c sn vo th Settings trong thanh Toolspace vo Point\ Point file formats. Nhp im: Chn biu tng Import point trong hp thoi Create point, xut hin hp thoi Import Points:
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CHNG 5: POINT
Trong v d trn la chn nh dng m rng *.txt, cu trc file PENZD (space delimited) (Point number Easting Northing Point elevation Raw Decription; cc thuc tnh cch nhau bi du Space). Chn vo biu tng chn file nhp vo.
Nu mun np d liu im sp nhp vo mt nhm im no ta chn Add Points to Point group. C th chn nhm im trong danh sch nu c sn, to mi thm mt nhm im ti y, chn vo biu tng to nhm im trn. v tin hnh lm nh phn
Chn OK kt thc cng vic. D liu im nhp vo ty vo Point style v Point Lable style chn
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Source Destination
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CHNG 5: POINT
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CHNG 5: SURFACE B MT
CHNG 5: SURFACE - B MT
A surface is a three-dimensional geometric representation of the surface of an area of land, or, in the case of volume surfaces, is a difference or composite between two surface areas. Surfaces are made up of triangles or grids, which are created when Autodesk Civil 3D connects the points that make up the surface data. You can create a new empty surface and then data can be added to it, or you can import existing surfaces, such as LandXML, TIN, or DEM files. Points or contours are usually a primary part of the original surface information and are supplemented with breaklines and boundaries
Cc kiu b mt
Autodesk Civil 3D h tr xy dng cc kiu b mt nh:
Tin surfaces: B mt li tam gic, c thit lp bi d liu im, ng ng mc. l kiu b mt c bn phc v chnh cho cng tc thit k bnh tuyn. Loi b mt ny c th lu di dng file ui *.tin, v lm d liu dng li cho cc mt khc.
Grid surfaces
Grid volume surfaces: B mt to bi s chnh lch gia 2 mt Grid surfaces: so snh v mt c s. HNG DN S DNG AUTOCAD CIVIL 3D 2009 Cng ty TNHH Cng ngh Hi Ha Http://harmonytech.com.vn Page 93
CHNG 5: SURFACE B MT
Trong thit k, kiu b mt Tin surfaces c s dng nhiu nht, trong bi gii thiu ny ta s lm vic vi kiu b mt ny, cc kiu b mt khc nn tm hiu thm trong Help ca Civil 3D. DEM (digital elevation models)
C th to mi mt b mt bng cch chn Create surface trn menu hoc nhn chut phi vo biu tng trong Toolspace, chn New Trong hp thoi Create surface chn kiu b mt l TIN Surface, la chn layer, tn, trch m t cho b mt, chn kiu hin th v chn vt liu ca b mt.
to d liu cho mt bng cch Add files d liu im cho mt, Add nhm im hay cc ng ng mc, ng bao, ng Breakline: - Nhn chut phi vo dng d liu mun nhp cho mt, chn Add Add Boundaries nhp ng bao ngoi Add Breaklines nhp ng Breakline Add Contouns nhp ng ng mc Add Drawing Objects nhp thm cc i tng ca bn v khc. Add Point Files nhp file d liu im cho mt. Add Point Groups nhp cc nhm im m ta to sn trong Point Groups ngoi i tng mt. Ta c th nhp thm tng m, nhp cc ng thng trong biu tng Edits .
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CHNG 5: SURFACE B MT
- i vi tng la chn nhp d liu cho mt s c cc bc nhp ring ca n.
C th kim tra mt cch chnh xc hng dng chy ca mt git nc t mt v tr bt k trn b mt. S dng cng c Water-Drop trong menu Surfaces\ Untilities\ Water-Drop
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CHNG 5: SURFACE B MT
Xy dng b mt t DEM File
Cc bc thc hin nh sau: Kch Surfaces menu > Create Surface. Trong hp thoi Create Surfac, chn Grid Surface cho Surface Type v kch OK. Trong th Prospector, m rng tn Surface > Definition. Kch chut phi vo biu tng DEM Files. Kch Add. Trong hp thoi Add DEM File, nhp file USGS GeoTIFF DEM to the surface definition and specify the coordinate system information. Kch OK.
Thit lp dng hin th cho b mt. S dng Item view trong th Prospector trn thanh Toolpace thay i kiu mt sau khi thit t trn. B mt c hin th trong Autodesk Civil 3D l rt trc quan, qun l tt phn vng cc khu vc c cc c im chung nht nh phn vng c cng cao , vng t thy. Autodesk Civil 3D tnh ton din tch cho tng vng m n qun l.
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CHNG 5: SURFACE B MT
Label Styles
Table Styles
iu c v cha c:
Cha i sau vo tm hiu cc kiu b mt: Grid surface, Grid volume surface. Cha tm hiu ngha biu tng Masks. Cha lm vic vi DEM Files. ( lm ri) Cha tm hiu nhiu v xut cc bng khi lm vic vi Surface.
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CHNG 5: SURFACE B MT
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CHNG 6: ALIGNMENT
CHNG 6: ALIGNMENT
Alignment c trng cho cc ng nh tim tuyn, mp ng, di t bn ng, va h Mt cng vic thng xuyn v u tin l vch tim tuyn bng Alignment.
Qu trnh to Alignments
Create an alignment from a polyline, use the alignment layout tools, import an alignment using LandXML, or create alignment references using either data shortcuts or Autodesk Vault. Tao mt Alignment t mt ng Polyline, s dng Alignment Layout Tools, nhp mt Alignment s dng LandXML, hoc to Alignment s dng lin kt vi cc d liu tt khc hoc Autodesk Vault. Create an alignment using any of the following: To mt Alignment s dng mt trong cc cch sau:
To mt Alignment t mt ng Polyline Create an alignment using either the tangent-tangent or constraint-based commands in the Alignment Layout Tools. The tangent-tangent commands are useful for simple road design, or preliminary layout work. The constraint-based commands are useful for intricate design work, where certain corridor constraints must be maintained.
To mt Alignment s dng Alignment Layout Tools Import an alignment from an XML file. You can assign styles to the alignment after you import it.
Nhp mt Alignment t mt file XML. Ta c th n nh kiu Styles cho Alignment sau khi ta nhp n. Create alignment references using either data shortcuts or an Autodesk Vault project.
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CHNG 6: ALIGNMENT
thng nht trong vic s dng thut ng, y hng dn lm vic vi Alignment tng ng vi lm vic vi tim tuyn ng. Sau khi hiu cch thc lm vic vi Alignment ta c th to Alignment theo ngha ca tng cng vic.
- Chn menu Alignment\ Create By Layout... Trong hp thoi Create Alignment-Layout thc hin mt s thao tc c bn nh: + t tn cho tim tuyn chun b thit k (name). + M t Alignment
S dng cc biu tng khi mun lm cc thao tc: S dng biu tng ny bt u tin hnh vch tuyn. Trong gm cc biu tng: : Vch tuyn khng km theo b tr ng cong nm. : Tangent-Tangent(With curve) Vch tuyn km theo b tr ng cong nm. : La chn bn knh, dng ca ng cong nm v chiu di ng cong chuyn tip nu cn trong hp thoi Curve and Spiral Settings. : Biu tng ny s chn thm mt nh mi cho tuyn (k hiu l im PI). : Xo nh (im PI) trong Alignment.
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CHNG 6: ALIGNMENT
Ta c th to tim tuyn vi Alignment bng vic kt hp song song qu trnh to cnh tuyn v b tr ng cong nm hoc to cnh tuyn trc ri b tr ng cong nm sau vi 2 biu tng v gii thch trn.
ng cong nm c th l ng cong trn hoc ng cong chuyn tip ph thuc vo tu chn trong hp thoi Curve and Spiral Settings.
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CHNG 6: ALIGNMENT
Trong AutoCAD Civil 3D 2009, cc dng ng cong chuyn tip bao gm: Bi-Quadratic Bloss Clothoid Cubic (JP) Cubic Parabola Sine Half-Wave Diminishing Tangent Sinusoidal Curves Chn li biu tng - Tangent-Tangent(With curve) tin hnh vch tim tuyn song song vi vic b tr ng cong (bng) chuyn tip. Trong hp lnh Command yu cu chn cc nh ca tuyn, chn vo cc nh ca tuyn nh du sn hoc im bt k trn bn v ly v d. To on cong trn cng vi phn chuyn tip t mt on Alignment thng - To add a floating curve with a spiral (from entity, radius, length) off a line. Chn menu Alignment\ chn mc Edit Alignment Geometry. Trn thanh Layout Tools chn Adding Floating Curves with Spirals (from entity, radius, length) Chn vo on Alignment thng. Nhp bn knh cho on cong trn Nhp chiu di ng cong chuyn tip hoc thng s A Chn hng ca on cong, Clockwise thun chiu kin ng h; cOunterclockwise ngc chiu kim ng h. Chn chiu di on cong trn.
Sau khi c mt Alignment to t Polyline, to ng cong nm ta tin hnh trn thanh cng c Alignment Layout Tools nh bnh thng.
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ng dng thay i Settings hiu chnh hin th ca cc Label trn Alignment. Trn Alignment th hin cc v tr sau: Major Station: l cc Station chnh, cch nhau mt khong c nh. Minor Station: l cc Station ph, nm xen gia cc Major Station. Geometry Point: Cc nh c s thay i hnh hc ca tuyn (tip u, tip cui, ni u, ni cui ) Profile Geometry Point: ??? Station Equation: ??? Design Speed: Cc im c s thay i vn tc thit k.
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CHNG 6: ALIGNMENT
Ta c th vo th Settings trong thanh cng c Toolspace v hiu chnh Lable Styles ca cc Station ang c s dng, hoc kch chut phi vo Alignment chn Edit Alignment Labels v hiu chnh trong hp thoi Alignment Lables. d hiu hn ta s lm mt v d vi cc Major Station v Minor Station: Khong cc ca cc Major Station thng ly l 100 tng t nh cc cc H trong cc bn v thit k ng ca ta. - M bn v Corridor-1a.dwg trong AutoCAD Civil 3D 2009\ Help\ Civil 3D Tutorials\ Drawings trong th mc ci t. - Kch chut phi vo Alignment chnh gia c tn l Centerline (1), chn Edit Alignment Labels, xut hin hp thoi Alignment Labels-Centerline (1):
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CHNG 6: ALIGNMENT
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CHNG 6: ALIGNMENT
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CHNG 6: ALIGNMENT
- Tip theo vo th Superelevation la chn tiu chun v cc thng s c bn ca mt ct ngang thit k siu cao:
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CHNG 6: ALIGNMENT
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CHNG 6: ALIGNMENT
AutoCAD Civil 3D c sn mt hai file tiu chun h tr thit k siu cao, tnh ton cc im thay i siu cao theo tiu chun AASHTO mi 2001. Mt file s dng n v ly theo h thng o lng Anh, mt file dng h n v mt. Vn tc: MilesPerHour dm/h (mph) 1 dm = 1,609344 km; 1 mph = 1,609344 kph di: Foot (ft), 1 ft = 0,3048 m Din tch: SquareFoot - Foot2 (ft2) Khi lng: cubicYard Yard3 (lat3), 1 lat = 0,914 m Cc im thay i siu cao c mc nh trong Civil nh sau:
Cc k hiu ny nh ngha sn trong hp thoi Drawing Settings, v c th thay i c. Xem xt cc la trng trong hp thoi Superelevation Specification. File tiu chun AASHTO cho AutoCAD Civil 3D s dng 2 phng php thit k l AASHTO 2001 - Crowned Roadway v Undivided Planar Roadway - AASHTO 2001 - Crowned Roadway: p dng cho dng ng khng c gii phn cch, nng siu cao thng thng quanh tim ng:
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CHNG 6: ALIGNMENT
<SuperelevationAttainmentMethod name="AASHTO 2001 - Crowned Roadway"> <AttainmentStyle style="Standard"/> <TransitionFormula type="LCtoFS" formula="{t}"/> <TransitionFormula type="LCtoBC" formula ="2.0*{t}/3.0"/> <TransitionFormula type="NCtoLC" formula ="{t}*{c}/{e}"/> <TransitionFormula type="LCtoRC" formula ="{t}*{c}/{e}"/> <TransitionFormula type="NStoNC" formula ="{t}*({s}-{c})/{e}"> <SuperelevationAttainmentMethod>
Trong : - LCtoFS: Level Crown point to Full Super point (runoff) - LCtoRC: Level Crown point to Reverse Crown point - LCtoBC: Level Crown point to Beginning of Curve - NCtoLC: Normal Crown point to Level Crown point (runout) - NStoNC: Normal Shoulder point to Normal Crown point (used for the Breakover Removal method of superelevated shoulders) - Gi tr c: dc mi ng (thng thng bng 2%), c nh ngha trong hp thoi Superelevation Properties. - Gi tr e: Siu cao y ca tuyn (%)
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CHNG 6: ALIGNMENT
- Gi tr s: dc ca vai ng, c nh ngha trong hp thoi Superelevation Properties. - Gi tr t: c tnh nh di.
Tnh ton gi tr t: Superelevation Runoff (t) Lr = (w)(n)(e)(b)/ = t = LCtoFS Lr = minimum length of superelevation runoff (ft) - Chiu di nh nht ca on ni siu cao n = number of lanes rotated S ln quay siu cao, gi tr ny ly bng mt na gi tr ca Transition Length Table b = adjustment factor for number of lanes rotated (Table 4-3) H s hiu chnh s ln quay siu cao (xem bng 4-3). w = width of one traffic lane (ft)- B rng ca mt ln e = design superelevation rate (%) Siu cao y ca tuyn = maximum relative gradient, percent (Table 4-2) Gi tr ly theo bng 4-2 Tangent Runout Lt = (Lr) (eNC)/e =w.n.eNC.b/= NCtoLC Lt = minimum length of tangent runout (ft) Lr = minimum length of superelevation runoff (ft) eNC = normal cross slope rate (%) e = design superelevation rate Table 4-2 Maximum Relative Gradient Design Speed (mph)
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
0.66
0.62
0.58
0.54
0.50
0.47
0.45
0.43
0.40
Table 4-3 HNG DN S DNG AUTOCAD CIVIL 3D 2009 Cng ty TNHH Cng ngh Hi Ha Http://harmonytech.com.vn
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CHNG 6: ALIGNMENT
Adjustment Factor for Number of Lanes Rotated
1.00
1.5
0.83
0.75
2.5
0.70
0.67
3.5
0.64
- Undivided Planar Roadway: p dng cho ng khng c gii phn cch nhng khng c nh (khng c khum - Crown), quay siu cao khng theo cch thng thng.
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CHNG 6: ALIGNMENT
Cc gi tr ly ging nh trn.
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CHNG 6: ALIGNMENT
V d tnh siu cao quanh mp gii phn cch gia cho ng 4 ln:
Chn cc thng s tnh ton siu cao nh trong hp thoi Superelevation Specification:
Chng trnh s tnh cc v tr thay i siu cao tuy nhin ty vic thit k mt ct nganng (Assembly) m c s t ng hon ton trong tnh ton hoc ta s cn hiu chnh thm i cht, v d y thit k mt ct c cc thng s nh sau:
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CHNG 6: ALIGNMENT
Gii phn cch gia dng MedianDepressedShoulderExt, thuc tnh Centerline Pivot? (tm quay) chn Pivot about inside edges-of-traveled-ways. Hai ln trong dng LaneInsideSuper c thuc tnh dc ngang mc nh Default %Slope l 2% trong khi chng trnh thng nhn mc nh gi tr ny l 2%. Khi trong th Superelevation hp thoi Alignment Properties cn c cc hiu chnh cho ph hp, y l b tr li dc ngang ca thnh phn LaneInsideSuper:
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Mt vi ch Trong thit k siu cao ta c th thay i cc gi tr trong hp thoi Aignment Properties c th thit k siu cao cho cc trng hp c bit khc.
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Khi thay i k c gi tr siu cao v gi tr cc on vut ni th bnh tuyn cng t ng c cp nhp. y l mt tnh m, khi vic thit k siu cao khng b p buc theo bt k mt tiu chun no, m s theo ngi thit k.
Trong thit k m dng bng, chng trnh cung cp mu mt ct ngang l LaneOutsideSuperWithWidening, ta c th xem cc thuc tnh ca n trong Help. Nu v tr hin ti nm trong vng siu cao, th gi tr b rng ln c tnh nh sau: Width = Default Width + Pavement Widening B rng = B rng thng thng + m rng mt ng (PW) C th l : PW =
y l cng thc tnh ng theo s t chuyn ng trong ng cong (theo sch TK yu t hnh hc ng t thy Nguyn Quang Phc)
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CHNG 6: ALIGNMENT
Tuy nhin trong sch lm trn mt vi s hng v li thm h s lc ngang ca xe, cn cng thc y khng lm trn nn kt qu ca 2 cng thc c th chp nhn c l nh nhau. D nhin ta cng c th thay i cng thc trn theo mt cng thc khc ty . n = Number of lanes (S ln) R = Radius of the alignment at full superelevation (bn knh ca Alignment ti v tr siu cao y ) L = Length of wheelbase including the front overhang (bng khong cch ga 2 trc bnh xe k c phn nh ra ca xe pha trc-t u xe ti trc sau ca xe) Wheelbase: khong cch gia 2 trc ca xe.
M rng bng theo tiu chun Vit Nam Xem xt Code khi to Catalog Landoside
Dim dMaximumWideningWidth As Double Set superData = oAlignment.SuperelevationData If superData.Count > 0 Then Dim oArc As IAeccAlignmentArc Set oArc = oAlignment.entities(oAlignment.entities.Count - 1) Dim dR As Double dR = oArc.Radius
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dMaximumWideningWidth = vNumberOfTravelLanes * (dR - Sqr(dR * dR - vWheelbaseLength * vWheelbaseLength)) For Each superElem In superData If superElem.TransPointType = aeccSuperEndNormalCrown Then endNormalCrown = superElem.RawStation If superElem.TransPointType superElem.RawStation If superElem.TransPointType superElem.RawStation = = aeccSuperBeginFullSuper aeccSuperEndFullSuper Then Then beginFullSuper endFullSuper = =
If superElem.TransPointType = aeccSuperBeginNormalCrown Then beginNormalCrown = superElem.RawStation Next If cStation < beginFullSuper And cStation > endNormalCrown Then deltaWidth = ((cStation - endNormalCrown) / (beginFullSuper - endNormalCrown)) * dMaximumWideningWidth ElseIf cStation >= beginFullSuper And cStation <= endFullSuper Then deltaWidth = dMaximumWideningWidth ElseIf cStation > endFullSuper And cStation < beginNormalCrown Then deltaWidth = (1 - ((cStation - endFullSuper) / (beginNormalCrown - endFullSuper))) * dMaximumWideningWidth End If vWidth = vWidth + deltaWidth End If
Nh vy iu thay i tnh ton m rng ng cng thc theo tiu chun VN l rt n gin.
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Kch chut phi vo trc dc t nhin v chn Edit Profile Style v Edit Labels tin hnh hiu chnh kiu hin th ca trc dc, ta c kt qu nh sau:
Hiu chnh ng :
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V d nh hnh trn, d liu ca Vertical Geometry ang l hnh chiu ca trc dc t nhin, ta s chuyn sang ly d lu ca ng : Vo hp thoi Profile View Properties\ th Bands Trong hng Vertical Geometry, chuyn Profile1 t tn trc dc t nhin sang ng (V2)
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Cng trong d liu Vertical Geometry, cho hin th chiu di cnh ng v dc. Kiu d liu Vertical Geometry ang s dng l Geometry, ta hiu chnh li kiu hin th ny nh sau: Tm n kiu Geometry ang dng trong th Setting trn thanh Toolspace hoc chn lun trong hp thoi Profile View Properties\ th Bands
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Kt qu:
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C kh nng to mt hnh dng bt k cho khun trc ngang. C nh cc tham s (khng c tnh ng, v d nh khng c kh nng t m rng b rng khi i vo ng cong) Point, Link v hnh dng c th s dng. Nh vy c th render, tnh ton cc dng khi lng. Khng c kh nng can thip bng VBA
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Chc nng ny cho ta xem xt cc mt ct v hiu chnh ring Assembly ti mt ct , tng ng vi cng vic hiu chnh mt mt ct ngang c bit.
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1. With the corridor selected, right-kch. Kch Object Viewer. Use the Object Viewer to view, rotate, and orbit the corridor. When you are finished, press Esc to close the viewer.
>
Notice how the sections behave in different cut and fill situations, and in the superelevation transitions. For example, at station 4+50 the road is in a shallow cut on one side and deep cut on the other. The criteria set for the DaylightStandard subassembly caused it to use a 6:1 slope on the left side, and a 4:1 slope on the right side. 5. View the sections in full superelevation (6+50 to 12+25). Using the Centerline Pivot option on the depressed median subassembly causes the lanes and shoulders to superelevate about a point above the centerline ditch. A straight edge laid against the lane surfaces would pass through the profile grade point. 6. Close the View/Edit Corridor Section Tools when finished. HNG DN S DNG AUTOCAD CIVIL 3D 2009 Cng ty TNHH Cng ngh Hi Ha Http://harmonytech.com.vn Page 141
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Cao gia Top v Datum chnh nhau khong 1,5, xem xt Asembly properties:
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B mt Corridor-(1) Top l b mt trn cng ca mt ung , bt u t 2 mp ta luy tri phi, bao gm c cc lp mt ng. B mt Corridor-(1) Datum l b mt di cng, cng to t 2 mp ta luy tri phi, b mt ny c trng nh nn ng pha di cc lp o ng. S chnh lch gia 2 b mt ny s i din cho khi lng vt liu chung cn cho cc lp o ng. V hin nhin n s l khi lng p c hin th trong thanh Panorama tnh ton khi lng.
Din tch mt ct ngang LaneOutsideSuper: 2x24x1.5 = 72 Din tch mt ct ngang 2x(11x1.5)= 33 Din tch mt ct ngang 2x(24x1.5)= 72 Tng = 177 1729.0486*177=
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Rectangular
Concrete Box
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Rectangular
To mi mt Parts Lits:
Chn th Settings trn thanh Toolspace, m rng cy th mc Pipe Network, kch chut phi vo Parts Lists chn Create Parts List Trong hp thoi Network Parts List New Parts List, lm vic chnh vi hai th l Pipe v Structure:
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Trong th Pipe ca hp thoi Network Parts List nh trn hnh 11.1, kch chut phi vo New parts list chn Add part family, xut hin hp thoi Part Catalog nh sau:
Trong hp thoi hin ra, s dng cc mu ng (pipe) no ta tch vo mu nh trong hnh v chn OK.
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Chiu dy thnh ng ng knh trong ca ng Hnh dng mt ct ngang H s nhm, thng ly bng 0,012 cho ng b tng H s Hazen Williams Vt liu
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Gii thch ngha Ta c th hiu ngha ca cc thng s ny thng qua hnh minh ha di y:
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Hnh m t
Ch :
Chn Add all sizes s dng ton b kch thc ca mu c nh trong Catalog.
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5. Kim tra phm vi nh hng giao ct (Checking for Intereferences) Trn mt bng ti nhng v tr c b phn ca mng giao ct nhau cn phi kim tra v khong cch cho php gia cc b phn
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The placement point is the insertion point used to place the part in a drawing. You simply specify a point in your model for the placement point.
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ang tip tc nghin cu n phn Band ca trc ngang. ang thc mc s th hin ca mt ct ngang thit k.
The sample lines define the stations at which the cross sections are cut, and also the width of the sections to the left and right of the alignment. A set of sample lines is stored under a Sample Line Group for the alignment. Each sample line group has a unique name. Each line within the group also has a unique name. To create sample lines 1 Navigate to the tutorial drawings folder. Open the drawing Corridor-5a.dwg. 2 Turn OSNAP off.
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CHNG 11: CROSS SECTION & VOLUMES Kim tra li style: Finished Grade ca Corridor-6a
The Sample Line Tools toolbar is displayed. A Specify Station prompt is displayed at the command line. 11 On the toolbar, kch the Down arrow next to the Sample Line Creation Methods button . Kch From Corridor Stations. This option creates a sample line at each station found in the corridor model. The Create Sample Lines - From Corridor Sections dialog box is displayed. This dialog box provides settings for defining the station range and widths of the sample lines. Note that it includes options for setting the Start Station and End Station, and for using offset alignments to set the Left Swath Width and Right Swath Width. 12 Set the Width values for both the Left Swath Width and Right Swath Width to 150. Kch OK. This creates and draws the sample lines and returns you to the Sample Line Tools for defining additional lines, if desired. 13 Close the Sample Lines Tools toolbar. 14 To continue this lesson, go to Creating Section Views (page 203).
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Section Segment Length Section segment slope length Section segment cross slope Section segment start offset Section segment start offset side Section segment start elevation Section segment end offset Section segment end offset side Section segment end elevation
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In this lesson, you will use the sample lines created in the previous tutorial to calculate cut and fill earthwork quantities. Earthwork and material volumes are calculated by comparing two sample line surfaces to each other. You can calculate quantities between sample lines derived from regular surface models and from corridor surfaces.
Khi lng cng tc o p v vt liu c tnh ton bng vic so snh 2 b mt sample line vi nhau. You c th tnh ton cc khi lng gia 2 sample line bt ngun t m hnh b mt chnh (b mt a hnh c m t li t thc a qua file d liu hoc ng ng mc ) v t b mt corridor User-definable tables specify which materials are defined by which surfaces, and the characteristics of these materials. Finally, average end area analysis is used to tabulate the material quantities along the corridor. Cui cng, bn kt qu din tch c s dng cho di dng bng khi lng vt liu dc theo corridor.
The Fill factor is typically used as a compaction factor for fill material. It is usually 1.0 or lower.
The Refill factor indicates what percentage of cut material can be reused as fill. It should be 1.0 or lower.
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2 From the Select Alignment list, select Centerline (1). 3 From the Select Sample Line Group list, select SLG-1. Kch OK. The Setup Materials dialog box displays a list of all items defined in the selected criteria.
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4 Verify that Quantity Takeoff Criteria field is set to Earthworks. 5 In the table, expand the Surfaces item. This shows surfaces EG and Datum. Next, you will set the actual object names that define those surfaces. 6 In the Object Name column, kch the cell for the EG surface. Set that cell to surface name EG. 7 For the Datum, set the Object Name to Corridor (1) Corridor (1) Datum. In the Earthworks criteria settings, EG is set as the base surface and Datum is set as the Compare surface. The Object Name fields specify which object calls for both an EG surface as the base and a Datum surface as the comparison. These are criteria that can be used with multiple projects and corridors. Trong thuc tnh Earthworks criteria, EG t nh l mt c s cn Datum t nh l mt so snh. Cc trng Object ch r i tng c t cho c 2 mt EG v Datum. The Object Name fields in the Setup Materials dialog box define a specific surface and corridor surface to map to the names in the Earthworks criteria.
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9 Kch Sections menu Generate Volume Report to display the Report Quantities dialog box. 10 From the Select Alignment list, select Centerline (1). 11 From the Select Sample Line Group list, select SLG-1. 12 For Select a Style Sheet, select Earthwork.xsl. 13 Select Display XML Report to automatically display the report after it is generated. 14 For Select a Material Collection, select Material List - (1).
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This is the material list you created by calculating volume quantities for the sample line group using the Earthworks criteria. y l list vt liu bn bo ra t s tnh ton khi lng cho nhm sample line dng tiu chun Earthwork. V c nhiu tiu chun tnh ton p dng cho cc cng vic tnh ton khc nhau cc ln khc. 15 Kch OK. 16 The report is displayed.
Xut hin thng bo t Internet Explorer: Scripts are usually safe. Do you want to allow scripts to run? Cc bn chnh thng c bo mt mt cht. Bn c mun cho php cc bn ny chy khng?
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The areas for each material are averaged between stations and multiplied by the station difference to produce the incremental volumes. These are added from station to station to produce the cumulative volumes. Finally, the Cum. Net Volume value at each station is calculated as the cumulative Reusable volume minus the cumulative Fill volume. Calculating
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Mt s cc ng c trng cn ch nh sau: Cc trc ng chnh (Main Centreline). ng nhnh (Side Centreline). ng gii hn ngoi ca nt giao (JCT Left v JCT Right). on ng vin ca ng trc chnh v ng nhnh (Bellmouth)
ngha ca cc ng ny s dn lm r trong qu trnh thit k nt giao. Xp xp u tin cc ng nh sau: ng trc chnh ng nhnh ng gii hn ngoi ca nt giao ng vin.
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Mu mt ct ngang ny ch quan trng dc ngang mt ng phi theo ng thit k, b rng ln ly rng hn ln thit k chun (ly vd v 2 pha l 5m). Tn Assembly: Temp S dng: LaneOutsideSuper
To m hnh b mt: Create Corridor: o Alignment: Main centreline (trc ng chnh) o Profile (ng ): Vertical o Assembly: Temp
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M hnh mt bng ph nn bao c mt phn on cong ca hai ng gii hn nt giao. Create Corridor Surface Chn b mt l mt trn cng Specify code: Top. Cch thc xy dng m hnh b mt gii thiu phn trn
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Mt phn ca ng nhnh (Side road) nm trong m hnh va to, ng ca ng nhnh s ly theo cao b mt ca m hnh ny.
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CHNG 12: NG DNG TRONG THIT K NT GIAO (CH T) Thit k ng cho ng nhnh
Thit k trc dc cho ng nhnh (Side Centreline) trn c m hnh b mt a hnh ban u (Exsting Ground) v m hnh b mt ph ca trc ng chnh va to trn (Main Temp Surface).
Trc dc lc ny c dng:
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Thit k ng cho ng nhnh. ng cho ng nhnh phi c mt phn ln trc dc t nhin trn b mt Main Temp Surface.
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M hnh mt bng to trn mt on ng nhnh, nn bao qua mt phn on cong ca cc ng vin nt giao, to nn cc on chuyn tip cao ca ng chnh v ng nhnh. Create Corridor Surface.
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Thit k ng Thit k nh thng thng, ng nn thit k sao cho gn nh ln 2 phn trc dc t nhin trn 2 b mt ph ca ng chnh v ng nhnh cng chnh xc cng tt, cc im giao ct vi ng ph v ng nhnh th bt buc ly cao bng cao b mt ca hai ng ny.
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Tn ng ca ng vin tri (JCT Left) l: Vertical (2) Tn ng ca ng vin tri (JCT Right) l: Vertical (3)
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Trong hp thoi Create Profile from Surface, khng cn thit v trc dc ra ngoi bn v m ch cn chn OK.
Cc mt ct tiu biu cn thit xy dng on ni trong nt giao nh sau: Mt ct thng thng trc nt giao ca ng chnh v ng ph (theo yu cu thit k) Nh trong bi ton v d, mt ct thng thng ca ng chnh v ng nhnh l ging nhau, b rng ln l 3.65m khng c gii phn cch. Tn Assembly: Typical Section HNG DN S DNG AUTOCAD CIVIL 3D 2009 Cng ty TNHH Cng ngh Hi Ha Http://harmonytech.com.vn
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Mt ct ngang ly tim l trc chnh, mt na nh mt ct thng thng, mt na bn theo ng Bellmouth. Tn Assembly: Section without kerbs
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Mt ct ly tim l cc ng gii hn ngoi ca nt giao (JCT Left, JCT Right), c mt na bm theo ng Bellmouth, ng nhnh v mt na ging vi phn vai ng ca mt ct thng thng Tn Assembly cho ng JCT Left: JCT Lane to Right
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Tin hnh xy dng tng phn mt: Vng 1 () Chn Corridor menu\ Create Corridor Chn Alignment: Main Centreline Chn Profile: Vertical Chn Assembly: Section without kerbs
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Vng 2()
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Trong Baseline (2) mi nhp thm chn: - Alignment: JCT Left - Profile: Vertical (1) Kch chut phi vo Baseline mi to chn Add Region v chn Assembly l JCT Lane to Right
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Chn vo thuc tnh Target ca Region 1 mi to, xut hin hp thoi Target Mapping v chn nh trong hnh v.
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Lc ny ln trong ca JCT Lane to Right s bm theo ng nhnh n im giao ct vi ng Bellmouth v c trc dc theo ng ca ng nhnh (Vertical (1)).
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Cng trong Baseline (2) to thm mt Region (2) vi - Assembly: JCT Lane to Right - im u: l im giao ct gia Side Centreline v Bellmouth. - im cui: l im kt thc ca JCT Left v pha ng trc chnh Main Centreline.
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Trn trc ng chnh v trc ng nhnh s dng mt ct ngang thng thng (Typical Section) to m hnh b mt tuyn nh thng thng.
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Ta c th to mt trn cng ca m hnh b mt nt giao va mi to v kim tra li mt cch trc quan hn kt qu va thit k vi cc mi tn hng dc hay m hnh 3D.
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CHNG 13: GRADING THIT K M HNH SAN LP & TNH TON KHI LNG SAN LP.
AutoCAD Civil 3D h tr vic thit k san lp a hnh qua cc bc c th nh sau: To ng c s Feature line. Thit k m hnh t cc ng Feature line. To chn taluy xung a hnh t nhin. To m hnh hon chnh v ghp chung v t nhin.
Erase existing entities: Xa i tng c khi to Feature line ( y l ng Polyline b xa) Assign elevation: Gn lun cao cho cc nh Feature Line. Weed points: Loi tr im Assign Elevations Hp thoi xut hin khi hp thoi Create Feature Line ta la chn ch gn cao (Assign Elevation)
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Cc la chn (Options) Elevation: t cao cho ng Feature t gi tr in vo . From gradings: theo Grading. From surface: theo b mt o Insert intermediate grade break points:
Weeding Factors
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Th Information: lu tr thng tin m t v tn ca Site. Th 3D Geometry: Thuc tnh Site Display Mode: Use elevation: ngha? Flatten elevation:
Cc dng thit k: Grade to Distance: (nhp khong cch v dc). Yu cu la chn khong cch t Feature Line n ng sau thit k, lc cao ca ng sau thit k s c ni suy theo khong cch v dc o Select the feature: Chn vo ng Feature
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To ng Feature line.
To Feature line
Cc cch thc to mt ng Feature line. Vch ng Feature line trc tip. To ng Feature line t cc i tng ca AutoCAD Civil 3D
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CHNG 14: PARCEL QUY HOCH CHIA L Nhng ch trong thit k Parcel
Pick a point within the parcel to be subdivided: Chn mt im trong Parcel chia l. Select start point on frontage:
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PH LC 1: MT S RC RI V LI V CNH BO
PH LC 1: MT S RC RI V LI V CNH BO
Mt vi li cnh bo trong hp thoi Panorama:
Warning
Corridor is out of date and may be out of sync with other objects Corridor ht hiu lc v c th khng cn ng b cng vi cc i tng khc
Imformation
This profile view has data bands that require appropriate features(profile1, profile2 etc...) to be associated. Please set them through bands tab of profile view properties dialog.
Profile view ny c nhng d liu Band yu cu c nhng c tnh thch hp (profile1, profile2 vv) c th lin kt c. Xin t cho ng chng qua th Bands ca hp thoi Profile view properties. Xem xt th Bands trong hp thoi Profile view properties ti y! Point X, Y, Z ignored duplicate b qua im xyz bn sao.
Drawing Recovery
Trong ln lm vic trc ca bn, chng trnh t ngt b li (hng). Thng tin c ly li t cc file bn v c m trong thi gian .
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PH LC 1: MT S RC RI V LI V CNH BO
Danh sch cc bn sao lu hin th cc file d phng m chng sn sng lm vic lun. Double-kch vo cc file trn danh sch m v so snh ni dung ca chng. La chn file m d liu khi phc tt nht, s dng Save As ch r v tr th mc v tn ca file. - Li khng khai bo vn tc thit k trc khi p tiu chun tnh Superelevation.
Design speeds are not found for the current aligment! Please specify them in Design Speeds tab before computing superelevation parameters. Vn tc thit k khng c xy dng cho Aligment hin hnh! Hy ch r chng trong th Design Speeds trc khi s dng cc thng s siu cao. - Cch thc thay i khong cch cc.
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PH LC 1: MT S RC RI V LI V CNH BO
Bo trc! S thay i v tr im lin kt hoc gi tr ca im lin kt s xo tt cc station equation (hiu nhng kh gii thch), vn tc thit k v c th gy nh hng bt li cho cc i tng v d liu to ra sn t Alignment. OK tip tc hoc Cancel b d qu trnh hot ng ny.
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PH LC 1: MT S RC RI V LI V CNH BO
Tuy nhin d OK v thay i trong bn v m khng thy kt qu g, cn thay i lun trong gi tr X, Y trn nhng cng khng c. Al - ??? Ti sao sau khi to Alignment th cc Station c hin th, tuy nhin sau th cc Station nay li mt i ngay sau khi to xong Corridor
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PH LC 2: CC HP THOI V NG DNG
PH LC 2: CC HP THOI V NG DNG
Label Style Composer
Th Information:
Cha cc thng tin chung v kiu Label Style, v d l kiu Standard. Bao gm: Tn ku M t v kiu Ngui khi to v hiu chnh Ngy khi to v hiu chnh.
Th General:
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PH LC 2: CC HP THOI V NG DNG
Bands
D liu bands l cc d liu hnh chiu ca tuyn trn trc dc hoc bnh (siu cao, cong bng, cong ng, mt ct ) dc theo (profile view) trc dc ca (Alignment) tuyn. S dng th ny qun l d liu band c t cho profile view.
Band Type
Ch r loi (kiu) ca d liu band thm vo tp hp: Profile Data (d liu mt ct), Vertical Geometry (hnh chiu ng trn trc dc tuyn), Horizontal Geometry (hnh chiu bng trn bnh tuyn), Superelevation (siu cao), Sectional Data (d liu mt ct), hay Pipe Data (d liu ng).
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PH LC 2: CC HP THOI V NG DNG
List of Bands Location Xc nh v tr kiu Band s hin th trn trc dc: trn cng hay di cng. Band Type Style Description Gap nh khong cch gia hng d liu cha n v hng d liu ngay trn (hoc di n) n. Alignment Ch ra i tng Alignment m n lm vic l g. Profile1/Profile2
Specifies which profile or profiles supply the data for the band. For example, if two profiles are specified for a Profile Data band, each station displayed in the band shows the elevation information for both profiles. Ch r mt ct hay nhng mt ct no cung cp d liu (cho) bng. Chng hn, nu hai Mt ct c ch r (cho) mt bng D liu Mt ct, mi nh ga hin th trong bng cho thy thng tin nng cao (cho) c hai Mt ct
Design Data
Specifies the source of the data displayed in the band.The options displayed depend on the type of data band:
Pipe Data Band: Select a pipe network in the drawing file. Sectional Data Band: Select a sample line group that is associated with the alignment in the profile view
This column is available only for Pipe and Sectional data bands.
Material
Specifies a material or list of materials for which data is displayed in a Sectional Data band. The options are generated using the properties of sample line groups that are associated with the alignment in the profile view.
Weeding
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PH LC 2: CC HP THOI V NG DNG
Used only for labels at vertical geometry points on Profile Data bands only. Vertical geometry points or grade breaks that are closer than the weeding factor are removed, making it easier to read the remaining labels. Enter a positive number to specify a label exclusion distance.
Label at Start
Specifies whether the start end of the band is labeled.
Label at End
Specifies whether the end of the band is labeled.
Label Origin
Specifies whether or not the profile view origin is labeled with its station and elevation values.
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PH LC 2: CC HP THOI V NG DNG
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PH LC 2: CC HP THOI V NG DNG
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PH LC 2: CC HP THOI V NG DNG
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PH LC 2: CC HP THOI V NG DNG
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PH LC 2: CC HP THOI V NG DNG
http://www.avat.com/training/elearning/media/edemos/pacificsoft/dp_grading/fra meset.htm (Avsd Solutions - Grading Calculation Functions within Design Point) Thinhj hom nay la ngyaf mddfdfdj
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PH LC 3: T CHUYN NGNH
PH LC 3: T CHUYN NGNH
Phc v Survey menu
1. Description keys: Cc kha m t. 2. Raw field data: D liu trng th y c th m ch d liu ton c 3. Traverse loops: Cc vng lp ngang 4. Survey command line language: Ngn ng dng lnh kho st 5. External database: C s d liu ngoi 6. General limits: Gii hn tng qut 7. Setup initial geometry for the Object: Thit t v tr a l gc ca d n 8. Point protection: Bo v im 9. Side-shot: nh chp mt cnh (hay c hiu l hnh chiu cnh) 10. Closure data: D liu kp kn 11. Batch file: file b 12. Company standard: Chun chung 13. Field book file: File s tay gi chp o c (nh dng *.fbk) 14. Fahrenheit: Thang nhit F 15. Instrument station: Trm my 16. Ditto Feature 17. Point Course Echo 18. Figure Course Echo 19. Point Coordinate Echo 20. Figure Coordinate Echo 21. Notify: Thng bo 22. Check Shots 23. Sequential on (point): im lin tip 24. Reunite key symbols: Tp hp cc k hiu kha 25. Coordinate Echoing: Di ta (b tay khng hiu lm) 26. Actual description: M t thc 27. Wildcard characters: K t thay th 28. Data collection: B tp hp d liu 29. Backsight point: im ngm 30. Foresight to right: Gc o phi 31. Foresight slope Distance: Khong cch dc 32. Foresight vertical Angle: Gc ng 33. Prism height: Chiu cao mia 34. Observation: Quan trc 35. Observation point: im o c, im quan trc 36. Erase all existing observation: Xa tt c cc thng tin ang tn ti 37. Compass rule method: Phng php thc cong 38. Closure Adjustments: Cc hiu chnh kp kn 39. Compass rule: Thc cong 40. Transit rule: Thc truyn HNG DN S DNG AUTOCAD CIVIL 3D 2009 Cng ty TNHH Cng ngh Hi Ha Http://harmonytech.com.vn Page 220
PH LC 3: T CHUYN NGNH
41. Crandall: Thc Crandall 42. Bnh phng ti thiu 43. iu chnh mng li cc bnh phng ti thiu 44. Length Weighted distribution: Phn b chiu di trng lng 45. Equal distribution: Phn b bng ngang 46. Calculation Criteria: Ch tiu tnh ton 47. Traverse Analysis: Phn tch Traverse 48. Balance Angle: Cc gc bnh sai 49. Vertical Adjustment: Hiu chnh theo phng ng 50. Synonyms: Cc tn ng ngha 51. Fault-Line: Dng c li 52. Break line: Dng ngt qung 53. Figure prefix: Tin t ca hnh C th hiu l mt cm k t m t chung cho cc im thuc cng mt hnh.
54. Duplicate points: Cc im nhn i 55. Loop number: S loop 56. Initial BS point: im ngm u tin 57. Occupied points: Cc im b chim 58. Final FS points: Cc im cui cng 59. Survey equipment settings: Cc thit lp thit b kho st 60. Horizontal collimation: Chun trc theo phng ngang 61. Vertical collimation: Chun trc theo phng ng 62. Horizontal Angle type: Loi gc theo phng ngang 63. Vertical Angle type: Loi gc theo phng ng 64. EDM refract index: Ch s khc x EDM 65. EDM wave constant: Hng s sng EDM 66. EDM offset: Dch chuyn EDM 67. Tilting: nghing 68. Measuring device: Dng c o 69. EDM scope: Phm vi EDM 70. EDM prop Error: Sai s t l 71. EDM constant error: Sai s khng i EDM 72. Horizontal/ Vertical Circle: Vng trn theo phng php theo phng ngang v ng 73. Target Alignment: Thng hng theo mc tiu 74. Theodolite: my kinh v
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PH LC 3: T CHUYN NGNH
75. Theodolite high error: Sai s theo chiu cao kinh v 76. Least squares: vung nh nht 77. Distance line: Nt biu th khong cch 78. Angle line: Nt biu th gc 79. Direction line: Nt biu th hng 80. Buried line: ng nt khut 81. Lots: L 82. Confidence interval: Khong tin cy 83. Error ellipses: Sai s hnh van 84. 2-3-dimensition: Kch thc khng gian 2-3 chiu 85. Calculation parameters: Tnh ton cc thng s 86. Max of iteration: lp li max 87. Coordinate convergence: Hi t ta 88. Ellipse scale factor: H s t l do dng van 89. Total # of unknown points: Tng s cc im cha bit 90. Total # observations: Tng s quan trc 91. Degrees of freedom: Cc t do 92. Confidence interval: tin cy 93. Number of iteration: lp 94. Chi square value: Tr s bnh phng Chi 95. Goodness of fit test: Sai s php o 96. Fails at the 5% level: Cc sai s mc 5% 97. SD: Khong cch xin 98. VA: Gc ng 99. ANG: Gc ngang
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PH LC 3: T CHUYN NGNH
2. BVC: Vertical Tangent-Curve Intersect. 3. BVCE: Vertical Tangent-Curve Intersect Elevation. 4. BVCS: Vertical Tangent-Curve Intersect Station. 5. BVP: Profile Start. 6. Band: (n) di dt v mng; ai; np; di; bng; ng k Add data bands: Xut hin trong hp thoi khi to trc dc, cho php hoc khng to hng d liu ngoi..( kh gii thch) 7. Catch basin: Ming cng, ging thu nc. 8. Channel: - (n) eo bin; lng sng, lng sui; knh mng, rnh, lch; ng xoi; ng dn (nc du); (ngha bng) ng, ngun (tin tc, ngh, t tng) - (ngt) o rnh, o mng; chy xi (t) thnh khe rnh (nc ma); chuyn; hng vo, xoy vo (ci g); bo ng xoi.
9. Configure: dinh hinh the, cho mot hinh dang 10. Company: 11. Computing: (dt) s s dng 12. Contains: Bao gm AutoCAD Civil 3D 2009 contains many new features and enhancements: AutoCAD Civil 3D 2009 bao gm nhiu c trng v nt ni bt mi. 13. Corridor Any path, the length and location of which is typically governed by one or more horizontal and vertical alignments. Examples are roadways, railways, traveled ways, channels, ditches, utility runs, and airport runways. Bt k ng (dn) no th chiu di v v tr ca n u chu nh hng bi mt hoc nhiu hnh chiu nm v hnh chiu cng, v ng ng ca Alignment. Nhng v d nh ng t, ng st, phn xe chy, knh, rnh, nhng on phc v cng bng sn bay. 14. Dam: (n) p; b nc. (ngt): xy p; ngn nc; (ngha bng) +up: ghm li, kim ch li. To dam up one emotion: kim ch ni xc ng 15. Direction: (n) s iu khin, ch huy ; li hng dn, ch th ; phng hng, chiu; phng din
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PH LC 3: T CHUYN NGNH
Reverse Alignment direction: o chiu Alignment thao tc ny trong AutoCAD Civil 3D lm cc i tng ca Ali i xng vi chnh n qua Alignment. 16. Enhancement: (dt) s l ni bt, nt ni bt. 17. Extract: (n) on trch; phn chit; (hc) cao. 18. EVC : Vertical Curve-Tangent Intersect. im phn ct gia ng cong v cnh tuyn ng. 19. Feature: c trng. New Features: Cc c trng mi. 20. Fixed: (adj) ng yn, bt ng, c nh; c b tr trc. Fixed point: im c nh; cht kim tra c nh. 21. Flip: di chuyn, bng. 22. Gather: (ngt) tp hp, t hp li; thu thp; ly li; hiu, kt lun, suy ra. 23. General: (dt) Tng qut, chung, tng th. 24. Geometry: Hnh hc. 25. HP: High Point. 26. Include: Bao gm 27. Increment: S tng thm, s gia. Station Increment: Khong tng ca cc cc. 28. Intersection: (n) s giao ct; ch ct ngang; im giao, ng giao Tangent intersection: ng tip tuyn. 29. Information: (n) S cung cp thng tin; s thng tin; tin tc, ti liu; kin thc. Trong AutoCAD Civil 3D, th Information trong cc hp thoi properties ca cc i tung s lu tr thng tin chung nht ca i tng nh: tn, c t (Description), kiu ca i tng. 30. Intersect: (ngt) phn ct; (nt) ct nhau. 31. Lay-out: (dt) Cch b tr, cch trnh by, s b tr, s trnh by. 32. Level Crown Station: Hiu l v tr c dc ti 2 hai mi u bng 0 qua nh. Hay 33. Levee: (n) con ; m khch; bui chiu i; bui tip khch khi va ng dy. (ngt) p cho. 34. Major: (dt) Chnh; nguy him, nghim trng.
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PH LC 3: T CHUYN NGNH
35. Object: (n) i tng. 36. Pavement: Mt ng. 37. Parking lot: Bi xe 38. Prospector: (dt) ngi iu tra, ngi thm d, ngi tm kim. Trong AutoCAD Civil 3D, th Prospector trn thanh Toolspace c th hiu l th lu tr cc cc i tng c to ra khi tin hnh thit k. Trn thanh Toolspace, th Settings gip ngi dng to v qun l thuc tnh cc i tng. 39. Parameter: (dt) thng s, tham s, tham bin, gii hn. 40. Panorama: (dt) Ton cnh 41. Profile: mt ct dc 42. PVI: Point of vertical Intersection In a profile, the point where two tangent lines meet. Trong mt ct dc, im m ni 2 cnh tuyn gp nhau. 43. Quantity: (n) s nhiu: Quantities: Chi tit thit k thi cng 44. Railway: (n) ng st. 45. Range: Dy, hng; loi; tm, phm vi Station Range: Phm vi Station, trong AutoCAD Civil 3D 2009 c sd khi xut trc dc, khng ch phm vi th hin trc dc t 2 u Alignment. 46. Rate: (n) t l; tc . 47. Recovery: Tm li c, khi phc c. 48. Reinstall: (ngt)Phc chc, cho lm li chc v. 49. Relationship: (n) Mi lin h, mi quan h; tnh thn thuc, tnh h hng 50. Renumber: m li; nh s li, ghi li. 51. Represent: (ngt) miu t, hnh dung 52. Reverse: nghch o, ngc chiu. 53. Rights-of-way (USA): cc di p ca ng. 54. Segment: (n) on, khc; phn, mng; phn t. 55. Set: (n) B; tp hp; dng dp, kiu dng; chiu hng, khuynh hng; thit b. 56. Sidewalk: va h, ng i b. 57. Solution: gii quyt, gii php; p n; ho tan 58. Specified: (adj) theo danh ngha, l thuyt.
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PH LC 3: T CHUYN NGNH
59. Specify: (ngt) ch r, nh r. 60. Spiral: (n) ng xon c. 61. Tag: th; buc, ni. 62. Tangent: (n) ng tip tuyn, (c th hiu l cnh tuyn) 63. Traveled way: (n) mt ng 64. Typically: (ph t) in hnh, tiu biu 65. Undivided: (adj) trn vn, hon ton 66. Utility run: on ng phc v cng cng 67. Visibility: (dt) S vic c th nhn thy c; tm nhn 68. Visualization: (n) s hnh dung, s mng tng. 69. Stratum
In geology and related fields, a stratum (plural: strata) is a layer of rock or soil with internally consistent characteristics that distinguishes it from contiguous layers. Each layer is generally one of a number of parallel layers that lie one upon another, laid down by natural forces. They may extend over hundreds of thousands of square kilometers of the Earth's surface. Strata are typically seen as bands of different colored or differently structured material exposed in cliffs, road cuts, quarries, and river banks. Individual bands may vary in thickness from a few millimeters to a kilometer or more. Each band represents a specific mode of deposition -- river silt, beach sand, coal swamp, sand dune, lava bed, etc. Geologists study rock strata and categorize them by the material in the beds. Each distinct layer is usually assigned a "formation" name usually based on a town, river, mountain, or region where the formation is exposed and available for study. For example, the Burgess Shale is a thick exposure of dark, occasionally fossiliferous, shale exposed high in the Canadian Rockies near Burgess Pass. Slight distinctions in material in a formation may be described as "members" or sometimes "beds." Formations are collected into "groups." Groups may be collected into "supergroups." The stratum is the fundamental unit in a stratigraphic column and forms the basis of the study of stratigraphy. In geology and related fields, a stratum (plural: strata) is a layer of rock or soil with internally consistent characteristics that distinguishes it from contiguous layers. Each layer is generally one of a number of parallel layers that lie one upon another, laid down by natural forces. They may extend over hundreds of thousands of square kilometers of the Earth's surface. Strata are typically seen as bands of different colored or differently structured material exposed in cliffs, road cuts, quarries, and river banks. Individual bands may vary in thickness from a few millimeters to a kilometer or more. Each band represents a specific mode of deposition -- river silt, beach sand, coal swamp, sand dune, lava bed, etc. Geologists study rock strata and categorize them by the material in the beds. Each distinct layer is usually assigned a "formation" name usually based on a town, river, mountain, or region where the formation is exposed and available for study. For example, the Burgess Shale is a thick exposure of dark, occasionally fossiliferous, shale exposed high in the Canadian Rockies near Burgess Pass. Slight distinctions in material in a formation may be described as "members" or sometimes "beds." Formations are collected into "groups." Groups may be collected into "supergroups."
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PH LC 3: T CHUYN NGNH
The stratum is the fundamental unit in a stratigraphic column and forms the basis of the study of stratigraphy.
Interstate road cut through limestone and shale strata in eastern Tennessee
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