Chng 1 Mng in thoi cng cng- PSTN Th.

S ng Ngc Khoa Khoa in - in T

Ni dung
Gii thiu H thng chuyn mch Bo hiu Cu trc in thoi c nh Cc loi chuyn mch Bi tp
2

Gii thiu
Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) l mng vin thng cng cng cho php mi ngi cng s dng. Cc thnh phn chnh ca mng:
Switching Offices (trung tm chuyn mch) nh hng cho cc lung tn hiu. Transmission Facilities (truyn dn) cung cp ng truyn kt ni gia cc thit b. Customer Premise Equipment (thit b u cui) l cc thit b cui c ngi dng kt ni vi mng. 3

Mng in thoi

Switching Office

Switching Office

CPE

CPE

Transmission Facilities
4

Chuyn mch
SWITCHING OFFICE
CONTROL

NETWORK

Chuyn mch
Switching offices l trung tm ca mng PSTN nn cn c gi l Central office C hai phn chnh trong Switching office
Switching network cung cp kt ni gia cc khch hng. Switching control iu khin cc kt ni trong switching network.

Truyn dn

Switching
Line

Trunks

Switching Office
Line

Office
Special Service Circuit

Truyn dn
Mng truyn dn cung cp nhng kt ni trong PSTN. C hai loi truyn dn chnh:
Line thng l mt mt cp dy kt ni t khch hng n switching office. Line cn c gi l customer loop. Trunk l ng kt ni gia hai switching office. Mt cuc gi gia hai khch hng c th truyn qua nhiu switching office v trunk.
8

Thit b u cui (CPE)

Customer Premise Equipment (CPE) l nhng thit b c khch hng s dng kt ni vi mng PSTN. Trn mng c nhiu dch v v do vy c nhiu thit b c th kt ni vi PSTN.
in thoi c nh. Modem Tng i ni b (PBX - Private Branch Exchange )

S tng qut mng PSTN

Satellite Telephone PBX PBX Telephone

Central Office

Central Office Satellite dish

Tandem Switch Telephone Telephone Central Office Telephone Telephone Telephone Central Office Toll Office

MTSO

Toll Office

Cell Site Cell Site

Microwave tower

Microwave tower

Toll Office

10

H thng chuyn mch

Chc nng c bn nht ca h thng chuyn mch l kt ni cc thit b vi nhau. Ph thuc vo loi thit b h thng chuyn mch c phn thnh hai loi chnh:
Local Switching Tandem Switching

11

Chuyn mch

12

H thng chuyn mch

Local switching kt ni trc tip customer loop n mt customer loop khc hoc n mt trunk. Mt local switching ln (c th kt ni n hng ngn khch hng) c gi l central office. Tandem switching l khi nim ch h thng chuyn mch kt ni cc trunk vi nhau.

13

Mng ni ht

Exchange Area 5

Exchange Area 1

Exchange Area 2
Wire Center B

Wire Center A

Exchange Area 4

Exchange Area 3

14

Mng ni ht
Tt c khch hng trong mt vng c ni n mt local switching, local switching ny c t ti trung tm ca vng v c gi l wire center. Cc khch hng trong cng mt vng s lin lc vi nhau qua local switching. Trong mt khu vc c th c nhiu local switching. Cuc gi gia cc thu bao trong cng mt khu vc c gi l cuc gi mt ht. 15

Mng ni ht
Tandem Office T Wire Center C Tandem Trunk Groups (Final) Wire Center A Wire Center B

Direct Trunk Groups (High Usage)

16

Mng ni ht
Wire center A v B c ni trc tip vi nhau. Wire center A, B v C c kt ni vi nhau thng qua Tandem office T. Vic kt ni qua Tandem office s phc tp hn nhng b li s cho khong cch truyn xa hn v kinh t hn trong trng hp c t cuc gi gia cc wire center.
17

Mng lin tnh (Toll network)

Regional Center D Class 1
FINAL

FINAL
FINAL

Regional Center E

FINAL

FINAL

Regional Center C Class 2 Regional Center B Class 3 Toll Center A Class 4 Local Office (End Office) Class 5
ll C on

HU6 HU5 HU4 HU3 HU2 HU1

g in ct ne on C ll To

Sectional Center F Primary Center G

HU7

FINAL

FINAL

Toll Center H Toll Connecting Local Office

To

ne ct in g

Local Tandem Office

Telephone 1

Telephone 2

18

Mng lin tnh (Toll network)

Toll network l cu trc mng lin kt nhng switching office trong mt quc gia li vi nhau. Cc trung tm chuyn mch c phn thnh nhiu cp khc nhau c gi l class. Lp thp nht (class 5) l lp cha cc local switching. Cc switching trong toll network c ni vi nhau bi intertoll trunk. Intertoll trunk c phn loi thnh Final v High Usage.

19

Mng lin tnh (Toll network)

Nguyn tt hot ng ca mng l hn ch chuyn ln mng cp cao hn v s dng cng t trunk cng tt. V d cuc gi t in thoi 1 n in thoi 2:
Tn hiu t in thoi 1 s chuyn n local office. Tn hiu c phn tch v chuyn n Toll center A. Center A s tm ng trng trong HU trunk trc, nu khng c mi chuyn ln Toll center cp cao hn.
20

Bo hiu
Bo hiu l phng php s dng switching office v CPE iu khin nhng chuyn mch kt ni nhng cuc gi thng qua mng PSTN. thc hin mt cuc gi cn c nhiu tn hiu truyn gia cc trung tm:
a ch To ra bi quay s. Cc tn hiu Tone mi quay s, chung, tone bo bn, ... Gim st Nhc my, gc my.

21

Bo hiu (tt)
Originating CPE Originating Switching Office

1 2

Idle Off-hook Dial Tone Dialed Digits

Trng thi idle l trng thi CPE gc Terminating my. trng thi ny tng i Terminating s Switching CPE Office cung cp mc in p -48v cho CPE. Mc in p ny c th thay i trong khong -42.5v n -56v ph thuc vo trng thi ca ngun cung cp. trng thi gc my trn ng dy xut hin tr khng cao tng ng vi trng thi h mch.
Off-hook Off-hook (wink) On-hook (wink) Dialed Digits Audible Ring Answer Disconnect Ringing Off-hook

22

Bo hiu (tt)
1. Trng thi idle l trng thi CPE gc my. trng thi ny tng i s cung cp mc in p -48v cho CPE. Mc in p ny c th thay i trong khong -42.5v n -56v ph thuc vo trng thi ca ngun cung cp. trng thi gc my trn ng dy xut hin tr khng cao tng ng vi trng thi h mch. 2. bt u cuc gi khch hng phi nhc my, vic nhc my s sinh ra mt dng in chy trong mch. 3. Tng i s gi tn hiu mi quay s.
23

Bo hiu (tt)
Originating CPE Originating Switching Office Terminating Switching Office Terminating CPE

1 2

Idle Off-hook Dial Tone Dialed Digits

3 5
Off-hook Off-hook (wink) On-hook (wink)

4 6 6
Dialed Digits Audible Ring Answer Disconnect Ringing Off-hook

24

Bo hiu (tt)
4. Khch hng s gi n tng i thng tin my cn gi bng cch quay s. 5. Tng i gi s nhn a ch v xc nh trunk ni n tng i nhn v gi trng thi nhc my ln trunk c chn. 6. Tng i nhn s gi li mt tn hiu wink xc nhn cho tng i gi tip tc quay s.

25

Bo hiu (tt)
Originating CPE Originating Switching Office

1 2

Idle Off-hook Dial Tone Dialed Digits

3 5

Tng i gi sau khi tc tra trng thi Tng i nhn s tip kimquay s n busy/idle nhn. C hai phng Terminating tng i ca my c gi s gi tn Terminating Switching hiu ph hp n khch inband v php c s dng l hng. CPE Office Nu my c gi trng thi bn, out-of-band. tng i nhn s gi tone bn n Inband:gi. hiu s c gi tng i Tn Nutrn cng gi ng vi tn my c mt trng thi idle, hiu i nhn s gi tone chung tng thoi. Out-of-band: S dng mt n tng i gi v gi tn hiu chung ring truyn tn ng n my c gi. Tn hiu chung c mc in p t hiu. Off-hook 84vrms n 104vrms v c tn s Off-hook (wink) 20Hz. 6
On-hook (wink)

6 7
Dialed Digits Audible Ring Answer Disconnect Ringing Off-hook

26

Bo hiu (tt)
7. Tng i gi s tip tc quay s n tng i nhn. C hai phng php c s dng l inband v outof-band.
Inband: Tn hiu s c gi trn cng mt ng vi tn hiu thoi. Out-of-band: S dng mt ng ring truyn tn hiu.

8.

Tng i nhn sau khi kim tra trng thi busy/idle ca my c gi s gi tn hiu ph hp n khch hng.

Nu my c gi trng thi bn, tng i nhn s gi tone bn n tng i gi. Nu my c gi trng thi idle, tng i nhn s gi tone chung n tng i gi v gi tn hiu chung n my c gi. Tn hiu chung c mc in p t -84vrms n 104vrms v c tn s 20Hz.
27

Bo hiu (tt)
Originating CPE Originating Switching Office Terminating Switching Office Terminating CPE

1 2

Idle Off-hook Dial Tone Dialed Digits

Khi cuc c gi tr bicuc gi n my gi kt thc li mt trong 3 s gi tn hiu nhc hiu gc my hai khch hng, tn my n tng ic gi ni nhn s ngt s nhn. Tng tng i, kt thc qu trnh Off-hook kt ni. 5 tn hiu chung v gi tn hiu tr li n Off-hook (wink) cuc gi c tng i gi, 6 kt ni On-hook (wink)
6 7
Dialed Digits Audible Ring Answer Ringing Off-hook

8 9 10
28

10

Disconnect

Bo hiu (tt)
9. Khi my c gi tr li cuc gi n s gi tn hiu nhc my n tng i nhn. Tng i nhn s ngt tn hiu chung v gi tn hiu tr li n tng i gi, cuc gi c kt ni 10. Khi cuc gi kt thc bi mt trong hai khch hng, tn hiu gc my s c gi n tng i, kt thc qu trnh kt ni. 29

Bo hiu knh chung

Bo hiu knh chung l cch truyn bo hiu bng phng php out-of-band. ng truyn ch c s dng khi kt ni c thit lp. Cuc gi c kt ni nhanh hn.
Voice Trunks Switch A Signaling Link Switch B
30

u im ca CCS
Cuc gi c thit lp nhanh hn Khng c s xen nhiu gia tn hiu tone v tn hiu thoi. Nng cao hiu qu lm vic ca tng i v ng truyn dn. CCS c th truyn nhiu tn hiu cng thm gip cho qua trnh x l hiu qu hn.
31

Bo hiu knh chung

A
Local C.O.

X
Tandem C.O.

B
Local C.O.

Signaling STP
32

H thng bo hiu s 7

STP STP

STP

STP

STP

33

H thng bo hiu s 7
thc hin SS7, mt mng mi c s dng chng ln mng PSTN. Thnh phn chnh ca SS7 l Signal Transfer Point (STP). d phng v tng tin cy, cc STP c thit lp tng cp. Cc tng i ni vi STP bi cc ng access link (A-link). Mi cp STP c ni vi nhau bi cross link (C-link). Cc cp STP c ni vi nhau bi bridge link (B-link) v diagonal link (D-link). Thnh phn th 3 trong SS7 l Service Control Point (SCP). SCP cha database cung cp d liu cho cc cuc gi.
34

Cu trc in thoi c nh

35

in thoi

36

in thoi (tt)
Mt in thoi c nh c bn gm c 4 thnh phn:
Chung. Mch pht hin nhc my. Phm nhn: to ra cc tone quay s. Mt mch in iu chnh m lng v cch ly gia micro v speaker.

37

To tone quay s

38

Mch hybrid
Kt ni 4 dy c thit lp gia cc tng i, kt ni 2 dy c ni n thu bao.
Exchange A Amplifier Exhange B Two-wire

Amplifier Bridge Bridge

39

Mch hybrid
Trong trng hp Zb bng tr khng ng dy th m thoi n ( di) s khng truyn qua ng ra ( trn) m ch truyn vo in thoi (bn tri)

40

Chuyn mch

41

V sao phi chuyn mch

Kt ni hai in thoi

Trng hp c nhiu in thoi

42

V sao phi chuyn mch

43

Phn loi
Chuyn mch c phn thnh:
Chuyn mch mch. Chuyn mch phn chia khng gian. Chuyn mch phn chia thi gian. Tn hiu analog c ly mu 8 bit vi tn s 8KHz. Chuyn mch gi.

44

Chuyn mch mch

45

Chuyn mch khng gian

46

Chuyn mch thi gian

47

Chuyn mch thi gian

48

Chuyn mch TST

49

Chuyn mch gi

50

Lung T1
Theo tiu chun ca M, 24 knh thoi c ghp li vi nhau to thnh lung d liu 1.544M, c gi l T1 hay DS1

51

Lung T1

52

Lung E1
Theo tiu chun ny 30 knh thoi c ghp vi nhau

53

Bi tp 1
Tnh tng s tip im cn thit ca mch
1 2

N 1 N

N x = N ( N 1) ?

54

Bi tp 2
Tnh tng s tip im cn thit ca mch
nk
1

N/n N/n
1

kn
1

nk

kn N/n N/n
2 2

N inputs

nk
3

kn
3

N outputs

nk
N/n

kn N/n N/n
k N/n

N N N x = 2 nk + k n n

55

Chuyn mch khng gian 3 trng thi

u im ca chuyn mch 1 trng thi l khng b nghn mch. Chuyn mch khng gian 3 trng thi s khng b nghn mch khi:
Tt c cc chuyn mch con khng b nghn mch k = 2n 1 2
56

N Suy ra N x = 2 N (2n 1) + (2n 1) n

Bi tp 3
Hy thit k mch chuyn mch khng gian 3 trng thi c 1152 ng vo, 1152 ng ra. Tnh tng s tip im cn thit

Lu : ti u s tip im, chn n ~ (N/2)1/2

N x (min ) = 4 N

2N 1

)
57

Bi tp 4
Xc nh s tip im cho mch 1 trng thi v mch 3 trng thi trong trng hp mch khng b nghn mch vi s line ln lt:
128 512 2.048 8.192 3.2768

58

Bi tp 4 kt qu

S line 128 512 2.048 8.192 32.768

3 trng thi 7.680 63.488 516.096 4.2 triu 33 triu

1 trng thi 16.256 261.632 4.2 triu 67 triu 1 t

59

Chuyn mch khng gian 3 trng thi

Xc sut cuc gi b nghn mng c xc nh 2 k

p B = 1 1

Vi p l xc sut mt line c s dng =k/n

60

Bi tp 5
Tnh s tip im ca chuyn mch 128 line. Bit rng:
Xc sut nghn mch chp nhn 0.002 Xc sut bn ca 1 line 0.1 Line n 128 8 k 5 Crosspoint Nonblocking 0.625 2.560 7.680 (k=15)
61

Bi tp 6
Tnh s tip im ca chuyn mch 128 line. Bit rng:
Xc sut nghn mch chp nhn 0.002 Xc sut bn ca 1 line 0.7 Line n k 128 8 14 1.75 Crosspoint Nonblocking 7.168 7.680 (k=15)
62

Cu hi?

63