Gio n t chn 12

Tit: Ngay soan:

/12/2008
Tn bi
LOGARIT.
I.Mc tiu:
1. V kin thc:Cng c cho hc sinh cc tnh cht ca hm m, ly tha v logarit. Cc cng thc
tnh gii hn v o hm ca cc hm s trn.
2. V k nng: Nm c cc tnh cht n gin nh: tp xc nh, bin thin cc hm s m, ly
tha, logarit. Bit cch tnh gii hn, tm o hm, v c th.
3.V t duy thi : Hc sinh nghim tc tip thu, tho lun, pht biu , xy dng.
II.Chun b ca gio vin v hc sinh:
1. Gio vin: phiu hc tp, bng ph.
2. Hc sinh: Nm vng kin thc,c v chun b phn luyn tp.
III.Phng php: m thoi, kt hp tho lun nhm.
IV.Tin trnh bi hc :
1.Kim tra bi c: (Hat ng 1)
Cu hi 1: Nu cc cng thc tnh o hm ca hm m, logarit
Cu hi 2: Nu tnh ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s m, logrit
Cu hi 3:
( )
2
3
2
0 0
ln 1
1
lim ?, lim ?
3
x
x x
x
e
x x

+

Hot ng ca GV Hot ng ca HS
Gi ln lt 3 hc sinh tr li cc
cu hi.
ln lt tr li cu hi
( )
2
3
2
0 0
ln 1
1
lim ? lim ?
3
x
x x
x
e
x x

+

2. Ni dung tit hc ;
Hot ng 2: Tnh gii hn ca hm s: a/
2 3 2
lim
0
x
e e
x x
+

b/
( )
2
0
ln 1
lim
x
x
x

+
Hot ng ca GV Hot ng ca HS
GV pht phiu hc tp s 1
-Chia nhm tho lun
- ngh i din nhm thc hin
bi gii
- GV: nh gi kt qu bi gii,
cng im cho nhm (nu t)
- Sa sai, ghi bng
HS nhn phiu:
-Tp trung tho lun.
-C i din nhm ln gii,
a.
2 2
(1 )3
1
3 . 3
2 3 2 2 3
lim lim
3 0 0
3
lim
3 0
e e
x x
e e e e
x x x x
x
e
x x

b.
( ) ( )
2
. 1.0 0
2 2
ln 1 ln 1
lim lim
0 0
x
x x
x x x x

+ +


Gio n t chn 12
Hot ng 3: Tm o hm ca cc hm s
a/ ( )
2
1
x
y x e
b/ y = (3x 2) ln
2
x c/
( )
2
ln 1 x
y
x
+

Hot ng ca GV Hot ng ca HS
GV pht phiu hc tp s 2,yu
cu hsinh nu li cc cng thc
tm o hm
-yu cu hsinh ln trnh by bi
gii
GV kim tra li v sa sai
- nh gi bi gii, cho im
Hsinh tho lun nhm ,nu pht biu :
( ) ( )
( )
( ) (
' ' '( ) )
1 '( )
(ln ) ' ln ( ) '
( )
x x u x u x
e e e u x e
u x
x u x
x u x


a/ y=(2x-1)e
2x
b/
( )
2
2 3 2 ln
' 3ln
x x
y x
x

+
c/
2
2 2
2 ln( 1)
'
1
x
y
x x
+

+
Hat ng 4: Hm s` no di y ng bin, nghch bin
a/
3
x
y
_

,
, b/
3
2 3
x
y
_

+
,
, c/
2
log
e
y x
, d/
( )
1
log ;
3 3 2
a
y x a

Hot ng ca GV Hot ng caHS

GVpht phiu hc vi ni dung trn
v cho HS tho lun
GV nhn xt
Hs:ghi ni dung phiu hc tp,tho lun v c i
din trnh by:
ng bin: a/ v d/
nghch bin: b/ v c/
Hat ng: V th hm s: a/
2
3
x
y
_

,
b/
2
3
log y x
Hot ng ca GV Hot ng caHS
GV:pht phiu hc tp vi ni
dung trn
-Cho hsinh quan st bng ph
so snh kt qu
Hs ghi cu hi vo v bi tp
-Thc hin tho lun
C i din hc sinh ln bng v th.
a.
2
3
x
y
_

,
f(x)=(2/3)^x
-4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4
1
2
3
4
x
f(x)
b.
2
3
log y x
Gio n t chn 12
-Cho hsinh quan st bng ph
so snh kt qu
f ( x ) =l n ( x ) /l n ( 2 / 3 )
- 0 . 5 0. 5 1 1. 5 2 2. 5 3 3. 5 4 4. 5
-4
-2
2
4
x
f(x )
3/Cng c:
-Cng thc tm gii hn ca hm s m, logarit
- Cng thc tnh o hm
-Cc tnh cht lin quan n hm s m, logarit
-V th
4/Bi tp v nh
Tit: Ngay soan: / /
2009
Tn bi
Chuyn
PHNG TRNH , H PHNG TRNH M V LGARIT

I. Mc tiu:
+ V kin thc:
- Nm vng cc phng php gii phng trnh m v lgarit.
- Nm c cch gii h phng trnh m v lgarit.
+ V k nng:
- Bit vn dng tnh cht cc hm s m, hm s lgarit v hm s lu
tha gii ton .
- Cng c v nng cao k nng ca hc sinh v gii cc phng trnh .
h phng trnh m v lgarit.
+ V t duy v thi :
- Rn luyn t duy logic
- Cn thn , chnh xc.
- Bit qui l v quen
II. Chun b ca gio vin v hc sinh:
+ Gio vin: Gio n , phiu hc tp
+ Hc sinh: SGK, chun b bi tp, dng c hc tp.
III. Phng php: Gi m, gii quyt vn , tho lun nhm.
IV. Tin trnh bi hc:
1. n nh t chc:
Gio n t chn 12
2. Kim tra bi c:
- Nu cch gii phng trnh m v lgarit c bn .
- Nu cc phng php gii phng trnh m v lgarit
- Bi tp : Gii phng trnh
( ) 3 1 log ) 3 ( log
2 2
+ x x
HS Tr li . GV: nh gi v cho im
3. Bi mi:
Tit th 1 :
Hot ng 1: Gii cc pt : a /
1 log 1 log 1 log log
7 . 13 5 . 3 5 7
+

x x x x
b /
x
x x
+
+
2
1
log
2
1
log
4 4
3 3
Tg Hot ng ca GV Hot ng ca HS
- Chia 2 nhm v cho cc nhm gii
- ngh i din 2 nhm gii
- Cho HS nhn xt
- Nhn xt , nh gi v cho im
( ) 0
log
> x x a
x
a
- Tho lun nhm
- i din ca 2 nhm ln bng trnh by
a)
1 log 1 log 1 log log
7 . 13 5 . 3 5 7
+

x x x x
+
x log
7 5 . 5
5
5
. 3
7
7
. 13
log
log log
x
x x
+
KQ : S =
{ } 100
b)
x
x x
+
+
2
1
log
2
1
log
4 4
3 3
(1)
k : x > 0
(1)
3 .
x
x
x
4
4
4
log
log
log
4
3
3
3 +

x
x x
4
4 4
log
log log
2
3
3 3 . 3

+
KQ : S =

'

4
3
log
2
3
4
- Nhn xt
Hot ng 2: Gii cc pt : a / log
x 1
4 = 1 + log
2
(x 1)
b / 5 ( )
2
2 2
log log x x
Tg Hot ng ca GV Hot ng ca HS
- Hi:Dng cng thc no a 2
lgarit v cng c s ?
- Nu iu kin ca tng phng
trnh ?
- Chn 1 HS nhn xt
- GV nh gi v cho im
- Tho lun nhm
- TL:
a
b
b
a
log
1
log
- 2 HS ln bng gii
a. log
x 1
4 = 1 + log
2
(x 1) (2)
k : 0 < x 1 1

'

>

2
1
x
x
(2)
( ) 1 log 1 2 log 2
2 1
+

x
x

( )
( ) 1 log 1
1 log
2
2
2
+

x
x
t t = log
2
(x 1) , t 0
KQ : S =

'

4
5
, 3
b.
Gio n t chn 12
5 ( )
2
2 2
log log x x
KQ : S = { }
25
2 ; 1
- HS nhn xt
Hot ng 3: Gii cc pt : a / 0 3 . 2 6 4
2 ln ln 1 ln
2

+ + x x x
b /
6 2 . 4 2
2 2
cos sin
+
x x

Tg Hot ng ca GV Hot ng ca HS
- ngh i din 2 nhm gii
- Gi 1 hs nu cch gii phng trnh
Nhn xt : Cch gii phng trnh
dng
A.a
2lnx
+B(ab)
lnx
+C.b
2lnx
=0
Chia 2 v cho b
2lnx
hoc a
2lnx
hoc
ab
lnx
a v phng trnh quen
thuc .
- Gi hc sinh nhn xt
- Hi : c th a ra iu kin t nh
th no cht ch hn ?
- Nhn xt , nh gi v cho im
- Tho lun nhm
- i din ca 2 nhm ln bng trnh by
- Tr li
a.
0 3 . 2 6 4
2 ln ln 1 ln
2

+ + x x x
k : x > 0
pt 0 3 . 18 6 4 . 4
ln . 2 ln ln

x x x
0 18
3
2
3
2
. 4
ln ln 2

,
_

,
_

x x
t t = 0 ,
3
2
ln
>
,
_

t
x
KQ : S =
2
e
b.
6 2 . 4 2
2 2
cos sin
+
x x
0 6 2 . 4 2
2 2
cos cos 1
+
x x
0 6 2 . 4
2
2 2
2
cos
cos
+
x
x
t t = 0 , 2
2
cos
> t
x
KQ : Phng trnh c mt h nghim x =
Z k k + ,
2

- Nhn xt
- TL : Da vo tnh cht 1 cos 0
2
x
2 2 1
2
cos

x
2 1 t
Hot ng 4: Gii phng trnh : 12 35 6 35 6 + +
x x
Tg Hot ng ca GV Hot ng ca HS
- Gi hs nu cch gii phng trnh
da vo nhn xt
1 35 6 . 35 6 +
- TL : Bin i
x
x
35 6
1
35 6
+

pt
12
35 6
1
35 6
+
+ +
x
x
t t = 0 , 35 6 > + t
x
Hot ng 5 : Gii cc pt : a / 1
5
cos
5
sin
,
_

+
,
_

x x

b / log
2
x + log
5
(2x + 1) = 2
Tg Hot ng ca GV Hot ng ca HS
Gio n t chn 12
- ngh i din 2 nhm gii
- Go hs nhn xt
- GV nhn xt , nh gi v cho im
- Tho lun nhm
- i din ca 2 nhm ln bng trnh by
a.
1
5
cos
5
sin
,
_

+
,
_

x x

- thay x = 2 vo pt c x = 2 l mt nghim .
- Xt x > 2 khng c gi tr no ca x l nghim ca
pt .
- Xt x < 2 khng c gi tr no ca x l nghim ca
pt.
KQ : S =
{ } 2
b. log
2
x + log
5
(2x + 1) = 2
k:

'

> +
>
0 1 2
0
x
x
0 > x
- thay x = 2 vo pt c x = 2 l mt nghim .
- Xt x > 2 khng c gi tr no ca x l nghim ca
pt .
- Xt x < 2 khng c gi tr no ca x l nghim ca
pt.
KQ : S =
{ } 2
- Nhn xt
Hot ng 6 : Gii cc pt : a / x
4
.5
3
=
5 log
5
x
b / 1 2 . 3
2

x x
Tg Hot ng ca GV Hot ng ca HS
- Pht phiu hc tp 5
- Gii bi ton bng phng php
no ?
- Ly lgarit c s my ?
- ngh i din 2 nhm gii
- Gi hs nhn xt
- Nhn xt , nh gi v cho im .
- Tho lun nhm
- TL : Phng php lgarit ho
- TL : a .C s 5
b .C s 3 hoc 2
- i din ca 2 nhm ln bng trnh by
a. x
4
.5
3
=
5 log
5
x
k : 1 0 < x
pt
( ) 5 log 5 . log
3 4
5 x
x

x
x
5
5
log
1
3 log 4 +
KQ : S =

'

4
1
5 ;
5
1
b. 1 2 . 3
2

x x
KQ :
{ } 3 log ; 0
2
S
- Nhn xt
Hot ng 7 : Gii cc hpt : a /

'

+
7 5 , 0 3 2
7 5 , 2 3 . 2 2 . 3
y x
y x
b /
( )

'

+ +
+ +
x y
y x
5 2 2
5 7 5 5
l o g 3 1 5 l o g l o g 3
2 l o g 1 l o g . 7 l o g l o g

Gio n t chn 12
Tg Hot ng ca GV Hot ng ca HS

- ngh i din 2 nhm gii
- Gi hs nhn xt
- Nhn xt , nh gi v cho im .
- Tho lun nhm
- i din ca 2 nhm ln bng trnh by
a.

'

+
7 5 , 0 3 2
7 5 , 2 3 . 2 2 . 3
y x
y x
t

'

y
x
v
u
3
2
u , v > 0
KQ: Nghim ca h l

'

0
2
y
x
b.
( )

'

+ +
+ +
x y
y x
5 2 2
5 7 5 5
l o g 3 1 5 l o g l o g 3
2 l o g 1 l o g . 7 l o g l o g
k : x , y > 0
hpt

'

+ +
+ +

x y
y x
2 2 2 2
5 5 5 5
l o g 3 5 l o g l o g 8 l o g
2 l o g 5 l o g l o g l o g

'

3
2 2
5 5
5 l o g 8 l o g
1 0 l o g l o g
x y
x y
KQ : H phng trnh c nghim l :

'

5
2
y
x
- Nhn xt
3/Cng c- dn d: Nhc li phng php gii cc PT,Bpt,h PT m v Lgarit
Bi tp v nh :
1 . Tm Tp nghim ca phng trnh 4 log
2
2
x
2 . Gii h PT
( )
1
1
log 2
log 4 2 3
x
y
y
y x

'
+

3 . Gii phng trnh
( ) [ ] { }
2
1
log 3 1 log 1 log 2 log
2 2 3 4
+ + x

Gio n t chn 12
4 . Gii cc hpt : a.
11
3.3 2.4
4
3 4 3
x y
x y

'

b.
x 3 y
x 4 y
3 2 4
3 .2 1

'

c.
( )
2
2 6 22 3 2
2
3
2 .3 144
log x y 2
y x x x + +

'

Tit:. Ngay soan: / /
2009
Tn bi
N TP CHNG II
I/ Mc tiu:
1. Kin thc: Gip HS h thng li cc kin thc hc v gii thnh tho cc dng bi tp
2. K nng: Nm vng cc tnh cht ca hm s m v hm s lgarit bng cch lng ghp cc
tnh cht ny vo vic gii cc phng trnh , h phng trnh v bt phng trnh m v
lgarit .
3. T duy:Rn luyn t duy tng hp , phn on , v vn dng linh hot cc phng php gii .
Thi : Cn thn chnh xc trong suy ngh v hnh ng chnh xc
II/ Chun b:
1. GV : Bi son ca GV
GV son tm tt cc kin thc hc trong ton chng , ri s dng n chiu a ln bng
( GV a tm tt kin thc ln tng phn , gi HS gii BT lin quan n u th chiu n , khng a
ht khi phn tn s tp trung ca HS theo tng Hot ng)
Chun b cc vt dng cn thit : n chiu ( projector) , bng ph
2. HS : Son bi v n li v h thng ton b cc kin thc c trong chng
Gii cc bi tp SGK v SBT
III/ Phng php : Gi m , vn p thng qua cc hot ng ca HS , kt hp vi phng tin dy hc
n chiu
IVTin trnh bi hc:
1) n nh lp:
2) Kim tra bi c:
3) Bi mi:
n tp l thuyt:
CC KIN THC CN NH
I) Cc nh ngha :
1) Lu tha vi s m 0 v nguyn m :
a
0
= 1 v a
-n
=
n
a
1
( vi a 0 v n
*
N )
2) lu tha vi s m hu t :
n m
n
m
a a a
( Vi a > 0 v
*
, ,
+
Z n Z m
n
m
r
)
3) Lu tha vi s m thc :
) lim(
n
r
a a

( vi a > 0 ,

R ,
Q r
n

v lim r n =

)
4) Cn bc n :
Khi n l , b=
n
a a b
n

Gio n t chn 12
Khi n chn , b =

'

a b
b
a
n
n
0
( vi a
) 0
5) Lga rit c s a :
) 0 , 1 0 ( log > < b a b a b
a

II) Cc tnh cht v cng thc :

1) Lu tha : Vi cc s a> 0 , b> 0 ,
;
tu ta c:
+
a a a . ;

a a a : ;

a a ) (

a a b a . ) . ( ;

b a b a : ) : (
2) Lgarit: Vi gi thit rng mi biu thc c xt u c ngha , ta c ;
0 1 log
a

v
1 log a
a
b a
b
a
log
v
b a
b
a

log
c b c b
a a a
log log ) . ( log +
c b
c
b
a a a
log log log
;
c
c
a a
log )
1
( log
b b
a a
log . log

( vi

tu ) ;
b
n
b
a
n
a
log
1
log
;
*
N n
b
x
x
a
a
b
log
log
log
, tc l
1 log . log a b
b a


b
a
b
a
log
1
log

3) Hm s m : Lin tc trn TX R , nhn mi gi tr thuc ( 0 ; + )
Gii hn ti v cc :

'

< <
> +

+
1 0 : , 0
1 : ,
l i m
a k h i
a k h i
a
x
;

'

< < +
>

1 0 : ,
1 : , 0
l i m
a k h i
a k h i
a
x
x
o hm : ( ) a a a
x x
ln
/
; ( )
x x
e e
/
( ) a u a a
u u
ln . .
/
/
; ( )
/
/
.u e e
u u
vi u = u(x)
Chiu bin thin : ng bin trn R , nu a > 1 , nghch bin trn R
nu 0 < a < 1
th lun ct trc tung ti im ( o; 1) , nm pha trn trc honh v nhn trc honh lm tim cn ngang
4) Hm s logarit y = log
a
x :
Lin tc trn tp xc nh ( 0 ; + ) , nhn mi gi tr thuc R
Gii hn ti v cc v gii hn v cc:

'

< <
> +

+
1 0 : ,
1 : ,
l o g l i m
a k h i
a k h i
x
a
x
;

'

< < +
>

1 0 : ,
1 : ,
l o g l i m
0
a k h i
a k h i
x
a
x

o hm :
( )
a x
x
a
ln
1
log
/

;
( )
x
x
1
ln
/

;
( )
x
x
1
ln
/

Gio n t chn 12
( )
a u
u
u
a
ln
log
/
/
; ( )
u
u
u
/
/
ln ; ( )
u
u
u
/
/
ln Vi u = u (x)
S bin thin: ng bin trn ( 0 ; + ) nu a > 1 , nghch bin trn ( 0; + ) nu 0 < a < 1
th lun ct trc honh ti im ( 1; 0) , nm bn phi trc tung v nhn trc tung lm tim cn ng
5) Hm s lu tha

x y
Lin tc trn TX ca n
o hm : ( )
1
/
.

x x ; ( )
/ 1
/
. . u u u

( )
n n
n
x n
x
1
/ 1

( x > 0) ;
( )
n n
n
u n
u
u
1
/
/

Vi u = u (x)
ng bin trn ( o ; + ) khi

> 0 ; nghch bin trn ( 0; + ) khi

< 0
6) Phng trnh v bt phng trnh m v lgarit :
) 0 ( ; log > m m x m a
a
x
m
a
a x m x log
m x m a
a
x
log < < ( m > 0 v a > 1) ;
m x m a
a
x
log > < ( m > 0 v 0 < a < 1) ;
m
a
a x m x < < < 0 log ( a > 1) ;
m
a
a x m x > < log ( 0 < a < 1)
n tp bi tp:
Tg Hot ng ca GV Hot ng ca HS
H1:Vn dng cc nh ngha v lu tha
gii cc bi tp:
GV Gi 1 HS nhc li cc nh ngha v lu
tha v ng thi gii BT 1

C lp lng nghe v b sung nu c sai st .
Sau GV a inh ngha ln bng chiu
GV cho HS c lp nhn xt bi gii 1ca bn
( GV b sung nu c sai st)
GV a tip bi tp 2 ln bng v yu cu 1
HS khc ln bng gii .
GV : Yu cu HS trc khi gii trnh by vi
nt s lc v hng gii ca mnh
C lp theo di v nhn xt bi lm ca bn
trn bng
GV nhn xt nh gi v b sung nu cn
thit.
H2: Vn dng cc tnh cht v lgarit
gii bi tp
GV : gi 1 HS nhc li cc tnh cht ca
lgarit v ln bng gii BT 86 a)
C lp ch nghe v b sung nu c sai st.
Sau GV chiu cc tnh cht ca lgart
ln bng
HS nhc li cc nh ngha
V gii bi tp:
Bi 1 So snh a)
q p

,
_

>
,
_

2
3
3
2

Kq : p < q
b)
q p p 2
7
2
2
7

,
_

<
,
_

Kq :p< q
Bi 2
HS trnh by :Bin i biu thc trong ngoc :
1+
2 2
) 2 2 (
4
1
) 2 2 (
4
1
x x x x
+
T d dng suy ra pcm
HS : ln bng gii bi tp 2
2/ Cho x < 0 . Chng minh rng :
x
x
x x
x x
2 1
2 1
) 2 2 (
4
1
1 1
) 2 2 (
4
1
1 1
2
2
+

+ +
+ +

Bi 3a)Tnh :
2 log 4 4 log 2
81 3
9
+
A
KQ :A = 2
10
= 1024
Gio n t chn 12
GV cho HS trnh by hng gii bi 3
GV cho lp nhn xt bi lm ca bn , GV
b sung nu cn
GV gi 1 em HS kh ln bng gii bi tp 4
SGK
GV gi s dng bt ng thc C si cho 2
s dng
S dng cc cng thc :
b b
a a
log . log

b
a
b
a
log
1
log

T hai cng thc trn GV cho HS suy ra cng
thc :
HS thc hin
H3:Vn dng cc cng thc v o hm
ca hm s m v hm s lgarit
GV cho1 HS nhc li s lc mt s cng
thc v tnh o hm ca hm s lgarit
C lp theo b sung , sau GV a cng
ln bng bng n chiu
Gi 1 em HS vn dung cng thc gii
bi tp 5
HS lp nhn xt v bi gii ca bn . GV
b sung nu cn
HS gii bi tp
( HS s dng cng thc :
( )
u
u
u
/
/
ln
HS thc hin
89/ Chng minh hm s :
x
y
+

1
1
ln
tho mn h thc xy
/
+1 = e
y


H4: Gii cc phng trnh m v lgarit
GV gi cho HS s dng cc kin thc v
phng trnh m v lga rit gii bi tp 6
SGK
GV cho HS nu phng php gii phng
trnh m tng qut
GV gi cho HS bin i :
( )
8
4
8 4
3 . 3 3
x x

+
( )
2
5 5 2
3 . 3 . 4 3 . 4
x x

+
t ( 3
x
) = t > 0. T d dng gii c
GV gi HS gii bi tp 7
GV hng dn :
HS: thc hin
( a hai v v c s 2)
Bi 6
Gii cc phng trnh :
a) 3
17
7
5
128 . 25 , 0 32

+

x
x
x
x
KQ : x = 10
d) 2 log 2 28 3 . 4 3
2
5 2 8 4
+
+ + x x
KQ :
{ } 1 ; 5 , 1 x

HS thc hin
94/ Gii cc phng trnh:
a)
( ) 2 5 log 3 log log
5 , 0
2
5 , 0 3
+ x x
Gio n t chn 12
a)t
( ) t x
5 , 0
log
b) GV gi v KX ca phng trnh:
x > 2 v bin i phng trnh cho thnh
T gii c x =3
( t/m)
KQ :

'

2 ,
16
1
x
b)
5 3 log
3
1
) 2 ( log
6
1
8
1 2
x x
KQ :
{ } 3 x
( ) 3
2
1
2
2
1
log( 2)
6
1
log 3 5
3
x
x

( )
2 2
1 1 1
log ( 2) log 3 5
6 6 3
x x +
4/ Cng c: Cc kin thc c bn ca chng
Cch gii cc dng ton trn