KY NNG LAP KY NNG LAP

KE HOACH KE HOACH

1. Khi nim 1. Khi nim
Hoach dinh la mt qua trinh n dinh nhung Hoach dinh la mt qua trinh n dinh nhung
muc tiu va xac dinh bin phap tt nht d muc tiu va xac dinh bin phap tt nht d
thuc hin nhung muc tiu do. thuc hin nhung muc tiu do.
No lin h voi nhung phuong tin cng nhu No lin h voi nhung phuong tin cng nhu
voi nhung muc dich. Tt ca nhung nguoi quan voi nhung muc dich. Tt ca nhung nguoi quan
ly du lam cng vic hoach dinh. ly du lam cng vic hoach dinh.

. nghia . nghia
Tu duy co h thng d tin liu cac tinh hung quan Tu duy co h thng d tin liu cac tinh hung quan
ly ly
Phi hop moi ngun luc cua t chuc huu hiu hon. Phi hop moi ngun luc cua t chuc huu hiu hon.
Tp trung vao cac muc tiu va chinh sach cua t Tp trung vao cac muc tiu va chinh sach cua t
chuc. chuc.
Nm vung cac nhim vu co ban cua t chuc d phi Nm vung cac nhim vu co ban cua t chuc d phi
hop voi cac quan ly vin khac. hop voi cac quan ly vin khac.
Sn sang ung pho va di pho voi nhung thay di cua Sn sang ung pho va di pho voi nhung thay di cua
mi truong bn ngoai mi truong bn ngoai
Phat trin huu hiu cac tiu chun kim tra. Phat trin huu hiu cac tiu chun kim tra.

. Lm th no xc d|nh cng vic? . Lm th no xc d|nh cng vic?
Khi bt du mt cng vic moi, lam th nao d trin Khi bt du mt cng vic moi, lam th nao d trin
khai cng vic do hoan hao? khai cng vic do hoan hao?
Nu ban khng co phuong phap d xac dinh dy du Nu ban khng co phuong phap d xac dinh dy du
cac yu t, ban co th bo sot nhiu ni dung cng cac yu t, ban co th bo sot nhiu ni dung cng
vic. Do chinh la mt l hng trong hoach dinh cng vic. Do chinh la mt l hng trong hoach dinh cng
vic vic

. Lm th no xc d|nh cng vic? . Lm th no xc d|nh cng vic?
PHUONG PHP XC DJNH NI DUNG CNG PHUONG PHP XC DJNH NI DUNG CNG
VIJC VIJC 5WHC5M 5WHC5M
ac dinh muc tiu, yu cu cng vic 1W (why) ac dinh muc tiu, yu cu cng vic 1W (why)
ac dinh ni dung cng vic 1W (what) ac dinh ni dung cng vic 1W (what)
ac dinh W: where, when, who ac dinh W: where, when, who
ac dinh cach thuc thuc hin 1H (how) ac dinh cach thuc thuc hin 1H (how)
ac dinh phuong phap kim soat ac dinh phuong phap kim soat 1C (control) 1C (control)
ac dinh phuong phap kim tra ac dinh phuong phap kim tra 1C (check) 1C (check)
ac dinh ngun luc thuc hin ac dinh ngun luc thuc hin

.1 Xc d|nh mc tiu yu cu .1 Xc d|nh mc tiu yu cu
Khi phai lam mt cng vic, diu du tin ma ban phai quan Khi phai lam mt cng vic, diu du tin ma ban phai quan
tm la: tm la:
- - Tai sao ban phai lam cng vic nay? Tai sao ban phai lam cng vic nay?
- - No co y nghia nhu th nao voi t chuc, b phn cua ban? No co y nghia nhu th nao voi t chuc, b phn cua ban?
- - Hy qua nu ban khng thuc hin chung? Hy qua nu ban khng thuc hin chung?
Why (tai sao?) la 1W trong W. Khi ban thuc hin mt cng Why (tai sao?) la 1W trong W. Khi ban thuc hin mt cng
vic thi diu du tin ban nn xem xet do ching la why voi ni vic thi diu du tin ban nn xem xet do ching la why voi ni
dung nhu trn. dung nhu trn.
ac dinh duoc yu cu, muc tiu giup ban lun huong trong ac dinh duoc yu cu, muc tiu giup ban lun huong trong
tm cac cng vic vao muc tiu va danh gia hiu qua cui tm cac cng vic vao muc tiu va danh gia hiu qua cui
cung. cung.

. Xc d|nh ni dung cng vic . Xc d|nh ni dung cng vic
1W what? Ni dung cng vic do la gi? 1W what? Ni dung cng vic do la gi?
Hy chi ra cac buoc d thuc hin cng vic Hy chi ra cac buoc d thuc hin cng vic
duoc giao. duoc giao.
Ban hy chc rng, buoc sau la khach hang Ban hy chc rng, buoc sau la khach hang
cua buoc cng vic truoc. cua buoc cng vic truoc.

. Xc d|nh W . Xc d|nh W
Where: o du, co th bao gm cac cu hoi sau: Where: o du, co th bao gm cac cu hoi sau:
Cng vic do thuc hin tai du? Cng vic do thuc hin tai du?
Giao hang tai dia dim nao? Giao hang tai dia dim nao?
Kim tra tai b phn nao? Kim tra tai b phn nao?
Testing nhung cng doan nao?... Testing nhung cng doan nao?...

. Xc d|nh W . Xc d|nh W
When: Cng vic do thuc hin khi nao, khi nao thi giao, khi When: Cng vic do thuc hin khi nao, khi nao thi giao, khi
nao kt thuc. nao kt thuc.
D xac dinh duoc thoi han phai lam cng vic, ban cn xac D xac dinh duoc thoi han phai lam cng vic, ban cn xac
dinh duoc muc d khn cp va muc d quan trong cua tung dinh duoc muc d khn cp va muc d quan trong cua tung
cng vic. cng vic.
Co loai cng vic khac nhau: cng vic quan trong va khn Co loai cng vic khac nhau: cng vic quan trong va khn
cp, cng vic khng quan trong nhung khn cp, cng vic cp, cng vic khng quan trong nhung khn cp, cng vic
quan trong nhung khng khn cp, cng vic khng quan quan trong nhung khng khn cp, cng vic khng quan
trong va khng khn cp. Ban phai thuc hin cng vic quan trong va khng khn cp. Ban phai thuc hin cng vic quan
trong va khn cp truoc. trong va khn cp truoc.
10 10
. Xc d|nh W . Xc d|nh W
Who: Ai, bao gm cac khia canh sau: Who: Ai, bao gm cac khia canh sau:
Ai lam vic do Ai lam vic do
Ai kim tra Ai kim tra
Ai h tro. Ai h tro.
Ai chiu trach nhim. Ai chiu trach nhim.
11 11
.4 Xc d|nh phuong php 1h .4 Xc d|nh phuong php 1h
H la how, nghia la nhu th nao? No bao gm cac H la how, nghia la nhu th nao? No bao gm cac
ni dung: ni dung:
Tai liu huong dn thuc hin la gi (cach thuc thuc Tai liu huong dn thuc hin la gi (cach thuc thuc
hin tung cng vic)? hin tung cng vic)?
Tiu chun la gi? Tiu chun la gi?
Nu co may moc thi cach thuc vn hanh nhu th nao? Nu co may moc thi cach thuc vn hanh nhu th nao?
1 1
.5 Xc d|nh phuong php kim sot .5 Xc d|nh phuong php kim sot
Cach thuc kim soat (control) s lin quan dn: Cach thuc kim soat (control) s lin quan dn:
Cng vic do co dc tinh gi? Cng vic do co dc tinh gi?
Lam th nao d do luong dc tinh do? Lam th nao d do luong dc tinh do?
Do luong bng dung cu, may moc nhu th nao? Do luong bng dung cu, may moc nhu th nao?
Co bao nhiu dim kim soat va dim kim soat trong Co bao nhiu dim kim soat va dim kim soat trong
yu (xem chi tit qua tai liu v BP yu (xem chi tit qua tai liu v BP phuong phap phuong phap
quan ly theo qua trinh) quan ly theo qua trinh)
1 1
.6 Xc d|nh phuong php kim tra .6 Xc d|nh phuong php kim tra
Phuong phap kim tra (check) lin quan dn cac ni dung Phuong phap kim tra (check) lin quan dn cac ni dung
sau: sau:
Co nhung buoc cng vic nao cn phai kim tra. Thng Co nhung buoc cng vic nao cn phai kim tra. Thng
thuong thi co bao nhiu cng vic thi cng cn s luong tuong thuong thi co bao nhiu cng vic thi cng cn s luong tuong
tu cac buoc phai kim tra. tu cac buoc phai kim tra.
Tn sut kim tra nhu th nao? Vic kim tra do thuc hin 1 Tn sut kim tra nhu th nao? Vic kim tra do thuc hin 1
ln hay thuong xuyn (nu vy thi bao lu mt ln?). ln hay thuong xuyn (nu vy thi bao lu mt ln?).
Ai tin hanh kim tra? Ai tin hanh kim tra?
1 1
.6 Xc d|nh phuong php kim tra .6 Xc d|nh phuong php kim tra
Nhung dim kim tra nao la trong yu? Nhung dim kim tra nao la trong yu?
Trong DN khng th co dy du cac ngun luc d tin Trong DN khng th co dy du cac ngun luc d tin
hanh kim tra ht tt ca cac cng doan, do vy chung hanh kim tra ht tt ca cac cng doan, do vy chung
ta chi tin hanh kim tra nhung dim trong yu (quan ta chi tin hanh kim tra nhung dim trong yu (quan
trong nht). trong nht).
Dim kim tra trong yu tun theo nguyn tc Pareto Dim kim tra trong yu tun theo nguyn tc Pareto
(0/0), tuc la nhung dim kim tra nay chi chim 0 (0/0), tuc la nhung dim kim tra nay chi chim 0
s luong nhung chim dn 0 khi luong sai s luong nhung chim dn 0 khi luong sai
sot. sot.
1 1
.7 Xc d|nh ngun lc (5M) .7 Xc d|nh ngun lc (5M)
Nhiu k hoach thuong chi chu trong dn cng vic ma lai khng chu trong Nhiu k hoach thuong chi chu trong dn cng vic ma lai khng chu trong
dn cac ngun luc, ma chi co ngun luc moi dam bao cho k hoach duoc dn cac ngun luc, ma chi co ngun luc moi dam bao cho k hoach duoc
kha thi. kha thi.
Ngun luc bao gm cac yu t: Ngun luc bao gm cac yu t:
an ngun nhn luc. an ngun nhn luc.
oney Tin bac. oney Tin bac.
aterial nguyn vt liu/h thng cung ung. aterial nguyn vt liu/h thng cung ung.
achine may moc/cng ngh. achine may moc/cng ngh.
ethod phuong phap lam vic. ethod phuong phap lam vic.
1 1
.7 Xc d|nh ngun lc (5M) .7 Xc d|nh ngun lc (5M)
an, bao gm cac ni dung: an, bao gm cac ni dung:
Nhung ai s thuc hin cng vic, ho co du trinh d, Nhung ai s thuc hin cng vic, ho co du trinh d,
kinh nghim, k nng, phm cht, tinh cach phu hop? kinh nghim, k nng, phm cht, tinh cach phu hop?
Ai h tro? Ai h tro?
Ai kim tra? Ai kim tra?
Nu cn ngun phong ngua thi co du ngun luc con Nu cn ngun phong ngua thi co du ngun luc con
nguoi d h tro khng? nguoi d h tro khng?
1 1
.7 Xc d|nh ngun lc (5M) .7 Xc d|nh ngun lc (5M)
aterial nguyn vt liu/h thng cung ung, aterial nguyn vt liu/h thng cung ung,
bao gm cac yu t: bao gm cac yu t:
ac dinh tiu chun NVL. ac dinh tiu chun NVL.
Tiu chun nha cung ung. Tiu chun nha cung ung.
ac dinh phuong phap giao hang ac dinh phuong phap giao hang
Thoi han giao hang. Thoi han giao hang.
1 1
4. Phn loi 4. Phn loi
.1 Hoach dinh chin luoc. .1 Hoach dinh chin luoc.
. Hoach dinh tac nghip. . Hoach dinh tac nghip.
. Hoach dinh du an. . Hoach dinh du an.
. uc tiu. . uc tiu.
. Hoach dinh nm. . Hoach dinh nm.
. Hoach dinh thang. . Hoach dinh thang.
. Hoach dinh tun. . Hoach dinh tun.
1 1
4.1 Hoch d|nh chin luc 4.1 Hoch d|nh chin luc
D}c dim D}c dim
Thoi han Thoi han: vai nm : vai nm
Khun kh Khun kh : rng : rng
uc tiu uc tiu: it chi tit : it chi tit
0 0
4.1 Hoch d|nh chin luc (tt) 4.1 Hoch d|nh chin luc (tt)
Qu trnh co ban cua hoch d|nh chin luc Qu trnh co ban cua hoch d|nh chin luc
Nhn thuc duoc co hi Nhn thuc duoc co hi
ac dinh cac muc tiu ac dinh cac muc tiu
Phat trin cac tin d Phat trin cac tin d
ac dinh cac phuong an lua chon ac dinh cac phuong an lua chon
Danh gia cac phuong an. Danh gia cac phuong an.
Lua chon phuong an Lua chon phuong an
Hoach dinh cac k hoach phu tro Hoach dinh cac k hoach phu tro
Luong hoa bng hoach dinh ngn qu Luong hoa bng hoach dinh ngn qu
1 1
4.1 Hoch d|nh chin luc (tt) 4.1 Hoch d|nh chin luc (tt)
Du ra cua hoch d|nh chin luc: Du ra cua hoch d|nh chin luc:
t ban k hoach kinh doanh t ban k hoach kinh doanh
K hoach phat trin cng ty. K hoach phat trin cng ty.

4. Hoch d|nh tc nghip 4. Hoch d|nh tc nghip
D}c dim D}c dim
Thoi han Thoi han: ngay, tun, thang : ngay, tun, thang
Khun kh Khun kh : hep : hep
uc tiu uc tiu: chi tit xac dinh : chi tit xac dinh

4. Hoch d|nh tc nghip (tt) 4. Hoch d|nh tc nghip (tt)
Du ra cua hoch d|nh tc nghip: Du ra cua hoch d|nh tc nghip:
H thng tai liu hoat dng cua t chuc nhu: H thng tai liu hoat dng cua t chuc nhu:
- - Cac loai s tay, cm nang. Cac loai s tay, cm nang.
- - Quy trinh hoat dng Quy trinh hoat dng
- - Cac quy dinh Cac quy dinh
- - Huong dn cng vic Huong dn cng vic
- - Cac biu mu Cac biu mu
- - Cac k hoach thuc hin muc tiu, du an ngn Cac k hoach thuc hin muc tiu, du an ngn
han. han.

4. Hoch d|nh d n 4. Hoch d|nh d n
ac dinh cac yu cu cua du an. ac dinh cac yu cu cua du an.
ac dinh cac quy trinh co ban. ac dinh cac quy trinh co ban.
ac dinh ngun luc cung cp cho du an. ac dinh ngun luc cung cp cho du an.
y dung k hoach thuc hin du an theo so d gantt y dung k hoach thuc hin du an theo so d gantt

4.4 Mc tiu: 4.4 Mc tiu:
(Phn ny, bn tham khao theo k nng (Phn ny, bn tham khao theo k nng
quan l theo mc tiu) quan l theo mc tiu)
Phn loai muc tiu Phn loai muc tiu
Diu kin cua muc tiu Diu kin cua muc tiu
Lp k hoach thuc hin muc tiu: Lp k hoach thuc hin muc tiu:

4.4.1 Phn loi mc tiu 4.4.1 Phn loi mc tiu
uc tiu cp cng ty, b phn, ca nhn uc tiu cp cng ty, b phn, ca nhn
Theo Peter Drucker, muc tiu cua cng ty xp tu ngn han dn Theo Peter Drucker, muc tiu cua cng ty xp tu ngn han dn
dai han nhu sau: dai han nhu sau:
- - Tn tai va tng truong. Tn tai va tng truong.
- - Loi nhun Loi nhun
- - Phn b cac ngun luc va rui ro Phn b cac ngun luc va rui ro
- - Nng sut Nng sut
- - Vi th canh tranh Vi th canh tranh
- - Phat trin ngun luc Phat trin ngun luc
- - Phat trin cng ngh Phat trin cng ngh
- - Trach nhim x hi. Trach nhim x hi.

4.4. Diu kin cua mc tiu: 4.4. Diu kin cua mc tiu:
Diu kin cua muc tiu phai dam bao yu cu Diu kin cua muc tiu phai dam bao yu cu
cua nguyn tc SART cua nguyn tc SART
SpeciIic SpeciIic - - cu th, d hiu cu th, d hiu
easurable easurable do luong duoc do luong duoc
Achievable Achievable vua suc. vua suc.
Realistics Realistics thuc t. thuc t.
Timebound Timebound co thoi han. co thoi han.

a/Specific a/Specific - - c th, d hiu c th, d hiu
Chi tiu phai cu th vi no dinh huong cho cac hoat Chi tiu phai cu th vi no dinh huong cho cac hoat
dng trong tuong lai. dng trong tuong lai.
Dung noi muc tiu cua ban la dn du thi truong Dung noi muc tiu cua ban la dn du thi truong
trong khi di thu dang chim 0 thi phn. trong khi di thu dang chim 0 thi phn.
Hy dt muc tiu chim ti thiu 1 thi phn, tu do Hy dt muc tiu chim ti thiu 1 thi phn, tu do
ban s bit minh con phai c dat bao nhiu nua. ban s bit minh con phai c dat bao nhiu nua.

b/Measurable b/Measurable -- do lung duc do lung duc
Chi tiu nay ma khng do luong duoc thi Chi tiu nay ma khng do luong duoc thi
khng bit co dat duoc hay khng? khng bit co dat duoc hay khng?
Dung ghi: 'phai tra loi thu cua khach hang Dung ghi: 'phai tra loi thu cua khach hang
ngay khi co th. Hy yu cu nhn vin tra loi ngay khi co th. Hy yu cu nhn vin tra loi
thu ngay trong ngay nhn duoc. thu ngay trong ngay nhn duoc.
0 0
c/Achievable c/Achievable -- va sc. va sc.
Chi tiu phai co tinh thach thuc d c gng, Chi tiu phai co tinh thach thuc d c gng,
nhung cng dung dt chi tiu loai khng th nhung cng dung dt chi tiu loai khng th
dat ni. dat ni.
Nu ban khng co giong ca troi phu thi dung Nu ban khng co giong ca troi phu thi dung
dt chi tiu tro thanh siu sao. Giu trong luong dt chi tiu tro thanh siu sao. Giu trong luong
o muc ly tuong kg co th vua suc hon. o muc ly tuong kg co th vua suc hon.
1 1
d/Realistics d/Realistics -- thc t. thc t.
Dy la tiu chi do luong su cn bng giua kha Dy la tiu chi do luong su cn bng giua kha
nng thuc hin so vi ngun luc cua doanh nng thuc hin so vi ngun luc cua doanh
nghip ban (thoi gian, nhn su, tin bac..). nghip ban (thoi gian, nhn su, tin bac..).
Dung dt chi tiu giam 0 kg trong mt thang Dung dt chi tiu giam 0 kg trong mt thang
d dat trong luong ly tuong kg trong vong d dat trong luong ly tuong kg trong vong
mt thang, nhu vy la khng thuc t. mt thang, nhu vy la khng thuc t.

e/Timebound e/Timebound -- c thi hn. c thi hn.
oi cng vic phai co thoi han hoan thanh, oi cng vic phai co thoi han hoan thanh,
nu khng no s bi tri hon. nu khng no s bi tri hon.
Thoi gian hop ly giup ban vua dat duoc muc Thoi gian hop ly giup ban vua dat duoc muc
tiu lai vua dung suc cho cac muc tiu khac. tiu lai vua dung suc cho cac muc tiu khac.

4.4. K hoch thc hin mc tiu 4.4. K hoch thc hin mc tiu
(gantt) (gantt)
Stt Stt Ni dung Ni dung
cng vic cng vic
Nguoi Nguoi
thuc thuc
hin hin
Tng Tng
t.gian t.gian
Tin d Tin d
11

4.5 Hoch d|nh k hoch nm 4.5 Hoch d|nh k hoch nm
Ngun thng tin t d lp k hoch nm bao gm: Ngun thng tin t d lp k hoch nm bao gm:
Tu chin luoc cua cng ty. Tu chin luoc cua cng ty.
Tu cac du an tham gia Tu cac du an tham gia
Tu muc tiu cua cng ty va muc tiu b phn do cng ty giao. Tu muc tiu cua cng ty va muc tiu b phn do cng ty giao.
Tu cac nhim vu theo chuc nng nhim vu b phn. Tu cac nhim vu theo chuc nng nhim vu b phn.

4.5 Hoch d|nh k hoch nm (tt) 4.5 Hoch d|nh k hoch nm (tt)
Ni dung cua k hoach cng tac nm: Ni dung cua k hoach cng tac nm:
Ni dung cac muc tiu cng vic. Ni dung cac muc tiu cng vic.
Thoi gian thuc hin. Thoi gian thuc hin.
uc d quan trong cua cac cng vic (d giup b uc d quan trong cua cac cng vic (d giup b
phn co th dt trong tm vao cng tac nao va danh phn co th dt trong tm vao cng tac nao va danh
gia cng vic cui nm). gia cng vic cui nm).

4.6 Hoch d|nh k hoch thng: 4.6 Hoch d|nh k hoch thng:
Ngun thng tin lp k hoach thang Ngun thng tin lp k hoach thang
Cac cng vic trong k hoach nm. Cac cng vic trong k hoach nm.
Cac cng vic thang truoc con tn tai. Cac cng vic thang truoc con tn tai.
Cac cng vic moi phat sinh do cng ty giao. Cac cng vic moi phat sinh do cng ty giao.

Ni dung k hoch thng Ni dung k hoch thng
Cac cng vic quan trong trong thang Cac cng vic quan trong trong thang
Phn cac cng vic cu th gm: ni dung cng Phn cac cng vic cu th gm: ni dung cng
vic, thoi gian thuc hin, nguoi thuc hin. vic, thoi gian thuc hin, nguoi thuc hin.
Cac cng vic chua xac dinh duoc lich (nhung Cac cng vic chua xac dinh duoc lich (nhung
phai lam trong thang hoc lam trong thang phai lam trong thang hoc lam trong thang
sau). sau).

4.7 Hoch d|nh k hoch tun 4.7 Hoch d|nh k hoch tun
Ngun thng tin d lp k hoach tun: Ngun thng tin d lp k hoach tun:
Cac cng vic trong k hoach thang. Cac cng vic trong k hoach thang.
Cac cng vic trong tun truoc chua thuc Cac cng vic trong tun truoc chua thuc
hin xong hin xong
Cac cng vic moi phat sinh do cng ty giao Cac cng vic moi phat sinh do cng ty giao
thm. thm.

4.7 Hoch d|nh k hoch tun 4.7 Hoch d|nh k hoch tun
NOI DUNG BAN KE HOACH TUAN NOI DUNG BAN KE HOACH TUAN
Cac cng vic quan trong trong tun Cac cng vic quan trong trong tun
Phn cac cng vic cu th gm: ni dung cng Phn cac cng vic cu th gm: ni dung cng
vic, thoi gian thuc hin, nguoi thuc hin, ghi vic, thoi gian thuc hin, nguoi thuc hin, ghi
chu (yu cu kt qua). chu (yu cu kt qua).
Cac cng vic chua xac dinh duoc lich (nhung Cac cng vic chua xac dinh duoc lich (nhung
phai lam trong tun hoc lam trong tun sau). phai lam trong tun hoc lam trong tun sau).