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Khoa in in T

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TRNG I HC THNH KHOA IN - IN T

BI TIU LUN MN

TRUYN SNG V ANTEN


Lp: HT1_K1
Nhm 7:
Nguyn Vn Hinh Tun Nam Khng c Tin Nguyn Vn Tnh L nh Khi L nh ua

Bi tiu lun mn Truyn Sng V Anten

Khoa in in T

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Li M u
Tha cc bn trong thi i x hi pht trin nh hin nay, chng ta ang sng trong k nguyn ca cng ngh thng tin, my tnh v trong khng th khng k ti cc h thng thng tin v tuyn c bit l cc h thng thng tin di ng v ang pht trin rt mnh m. Vic hiu bit v nm r qu trnh truyn sng anten l nhng kin thc rt quan trng v khng th thiu cho cc bn tr yu thch cng ngh, bi bt c mt h thng v tuyn no cng phi s dng anten pht hoc thu tn hiu. Trong cuc sng hng ngy chng ta d dng bt gp rt nhiu cc h thng anten nh: h thng anten dng cho truyn hnh mt t, v tinh, cc BTS dng cho cc mng in thoi di dng. Hay nhng vt dng cm tay nh b m, in thoi di ng, radio cng u s dng anten. Chnh v vy m hm nay chng ta s cng nhau i tm hiu v mt loi anten cng kh ph bin, c nhiu ng dng trong cuc sng v nghin cu khoa hc l anten Yagi. Tp ti liu ny c vit da trn ti liu ca cc trng k thut v ch yu bi ngun Internet qua trang web di. http://docs.google.com/viewer? a=v&q=cache:EYr7NoWQl34J:www.caothang.edu.vn/khoa/dtth/store/file/5 97noi-dung2.pdf+%C4%91%E1%BB%93+%C3%A1n+v%E1%BB %81+anten+Yagi&hl=vi&gl=vn&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESgxXlPaJwca9YjS vdLsvPf_WX6PVzjhGItIMVDqImKWL3iK1WV3xEI7TbeK7VlvdkBeO4J9ADvZW__u0bat1qRH57b I6kwdZeQTd3ZLZ5b7EbNp93vB4qGDVMosRw3U8BqMsc&sig=AHIEtbSF0ySOaA0NnwkeSrUaTAgsp6jRg Do ngun ti liu cn kh hn ch, trong qu trnh tm hiu chc chn khng th trnh khi thiu st v vy rt mong nhn c ng gp t cc bn v thy c!

Bi tiu lun mn Truyn Sng V Anten

Khoa in in T

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CH TM HIU V ANTEN YAGI ANTEN BNG RNG: ANTEN YAGI-UDA Lch s Anten Yagi-Uda c pht minh vo nm 1926 bi Shintaro Uda ca i hc Tohoku Imperial, Sendai, Nht Bn, vi s hp tc

ca Hidetsugu Yagi, cng ca i hc Tohoku Imperial. Hidetsugu Yagi c gng truyn nng lng khng dy trong thng 2 nm 1926 vi ng-ten ny. Cc anten Yagi ln u tin c s dng rng ri trong Th chin II cho b radar trn khng. 1. Cu trc ca anten Yagi Anten Yagi-Uda dng cc phn t anten thng: i vi dy anten thng thng (Antennas, Anten Parabol...), tt c cc phn t ca dy u c kch thch dng. Vi dy anten Yagi-Uda (thuc nhm dy k sinh - parasitic array), thng ch c mt phn t c kch thch in, cc phn t khc khng c kch thch in m chi c ghp tng h in t (thng c gi l cc phn t k sinh). Phn t c cp ngun gi l phn t li (driven element) thng l - dipole hoc folded dipole, phn t pha trc phn t li gi l phn t hng x(director) mang tnh cm khng, phn t pha sau gi l phn t phn x(reflector) mang tnh dung khng. Thng dy anten Yagi-Uda c s dng ch end-fire. Dng tng qut ca anten Yagi-Uda nh sau:

Bi tiu lun mn Truyn Sng V Anten

Khoa in in T

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Hnh 1.1: Dng tng qut ca anten Yagi S ca anten c v hnh 1.2. N gm mt chn t ch ng thng l chn t na sng, mt chn t phn x th ng, v mt s chn t dn x th ng. Thng th cc chn t phn x v dn x th ng c gn trc tip vi thanh kim loi. Nu chn t ch ng l chn t vng dt th n cng c th gn trc tip vi thanh v kt cu anten s tr nn n gin. Vic gn trc tip cc chn t ln thanh kim loi thc t s khng nh hng g n phn b dng in trn anten v im gia ca cc chn t cng ph hp vi nt ca in p. Vic s dng thanh bng kim loi cng khng nh hng g n bc x ca anten v n c t vung gc vi cc chn t.

Hnh 1.2: M hnh anten Yagi


Bi tiu lun mn Truyn Sng V Anten 4

Khoa in in T

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tm hiu nguyn l lm vic ca anten ta hy xt mt anten dn x gm ba phn t: Chn t ch ng A, chn t phn x P v chn t dn x D. Chn t ch ng c ni vi my pht cao tn. Di tc dng ca trng bc x to bi A, trong P v D s xut hin dng cm ng v cc chn t ny s bc x th cp. Nh bit, nu chn c chiu di ca P v khong cch t A n P mt cch thch hp th P s tr thnh chn t phn x ca A. Khi y, nng lng bc x ca cp A-P s gim yu v pha chn t phn x v c tng cng theo hng ngc li ( hng +z). Tng t nh vy, nu chn c di ca D v khong cch t D n A mt cch thch hp th D s tr thnh chn t dn x ca A. Khi y, nng lng bc x ca h A-D s c tp trung v pha chn t dn x v gim yu theo hng ngc ( hng z). Kt qu l nng lng bc x ca c h s c tp trung v mt pha, hnh thnh mt knh dn sng dc theo trc ca anten, hng t chn t phn x v pha chn t dn x. Theo l thuyt chn t ghp, dng in trong chn t ch ng ( I1) v dng in trong chn t th ng (I2) c quan h dng vi nhau bi biu thc:
I2 I1

e j

(1.1)

Vi

Bng cch thay i di ca chn t th ng, c th bin i ln v du ca in khng ring X22 v do s bin i c a v .

Hnh 1.3: S ph thuc ca v vo X22


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Khoa in in T

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Hnh 1.3 biu th quan h ca di xp x na bc sng v ng vi khong cch d=/4 .Cng tng khong cch d th bin dng trong chn t th ng cng gim. Tnh ton cho thy rng, vi d (0,1 0,25) th khi in khng ca chn t th ng mang tnh cm khng s nhn c I 2 sm pha so vi I1 . Trong trnghp ny chn t th ng s tr thnh chn t phn x. Ngc li, khi in khng ca chn t th ng mang tnh dung khng th dng I2 s chm pha so vi dng I1 v chn t th ng s tr thnh chn t dn x. Hnh 1.3: v th phng hng ca cp chn t ch ng v th ng khi d = 0,1 ng vi cc trng hp khc nhau ca arctg khi arctg( X22 /R22 ) > 0, chn t th ng tr thnh chn t phn x, cn khi arctg(X22/R22)< 0, chn t th ng tr thnh chn t dn x. Trong thc t, vic thay i in khng X22 ca chn t th ng c thc hin bng cch iu chnh di ca chn t: khi di chn t ln hn di cng hng s c X22 > 0, cn khi di chn t nh hn di cng hng s c X 22 < 0. V vy chn t phn xthng c di ln hn /2, cn chn t dn x thng c di nh hn /2.

Hnh 1.4: th phng hng ca cp chn t ch ng v th ng ng vi d =0,1 Thng thng, mi anten Yagi ch c mt chn t lm nhim v phn x. l v trng bc x v pha ngc b chn t ny lm yu ng k, nu c thm mt chn t na t tip sau n th chn t phn x th hai s c kch thch rt yu v do cng khng pht huy c tc dng. tng cng hn na hiu qu phn x, trong mt s trng hp c th s dng mt phn x kim loi, li kim loi, hoc mt tp hp vi chn t t khong cch ging nhau so vi chn t ch ng, khong cch gia chn t ch ng v chn t phn x thng c chn trong gii hn (0,15 0,25). Trong khi , s lng chn t dn x li c th kh nhiu. V s bc x ca anten c nh hng v pha cc chn t dn x nn cc chn t ny c kch thch vi cng kh mnh v khi s chn t dn x ln
Bi tiu lun mn Truyn Sng V Anten 6

Khoa in in T

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s hnh thnh mt knh dn sng. Sng truyn lan trong h thng thuc loi sng chm, nn v nguyn l, anten dn x c th c xp vo loi anten sng chm. S chn t dn x c th t 2 10, i khi c th ln hn (ti vi chc). Khong cch gia chnt ch ng v chn t dn x u tin, cng nh gia cc chn t dn x c chn trong khong (0,1 0,35). Trong thc t, thng dng chn t ch ng l chn t vng dt v hai l do chnh sau y: C th gn trc tip chn t ln thanh kim loi, khng cn dng phn t cch in; Chn t vng dt c tr khng vo ln, thun tin trong vic phi hp tr khng. c c h s nh hng theo hng bc x chnh, kch thc ca cc chn t dn x v khong cch gia chng cn c la chn thch ng, sao chot c quan h xc nh i vi dng in trong cc chn t. Quan h tt nhtcn t c i vi cc dng in ny l tng i ng u v bin , vi gi tr gn bng bin dng ca chn t ch ng, v chm dn v pha khi di chuyn dc theo trc anten, t chn t ch ng v pha cc chn t dn x. Khi t c quan h trn, trng bc x tng ca cc chn t s c tng cng theo mt hng (hng ca cc chn t dn x), v gim nh theo cc hng khc. Thng, iu kin t c cc i ca h s nh hng v pha cc chn t dn x cng ph hp vi iu kin t c bc x cc tiu v pha cc chn t phn x. Do vy, khi anten dn x c iu chnh tt th bc x ca n s tr thnh n hng. V c tnh bc x ca anten c quan h mt thit vi cc kch thc tng i ca anten (kch thc so vi bc sng) nn anten Yagi thuc loi anten di hp. Di tn s ca anten khi h s nh hng chnh bin i di 3 dB t c khong vi phn trm. Khi s lng chn t dn x kh ln, vic iu chnh thc nghim i vi anten s rt phc tp v khi thay i di hoc v tr ca mi chn t s dn n s thay i bin v pha ca dng in trong tt c cc chn t. Vic xc nh s b cc kch thc v thng s ca anten c th c tin hnh theo phng phng php l thuyt anten sng chm ( anten sng chy c vn tc pha nh hn vn tc nh sng). Gi thit cc chn t dn x c di bng nhau v gn bng mt na bc sng, chng c t cch in u nhau dc theo trc z v to thnh mt cu trc sng chm (sng mt), vi h s sng chm
=
c >1 v

Bi tiu lun mn Truyn Sng V Anten

Khoa in in T

Lp: HT1-K1

tnh ng h s chm , ta gi thit kt cu c kch thc v hn theo trc z. Gi thit ny nhm loi b vic kho st nh hng ca sng phn x ti u cui ca kt cu. Qua phn tch cho thy rng sng in t truyn lan dc theo kt cu s c nng lng tp trung gn cc chn t v to ra dng trong cc chn t c bin bng nhau nhng lch pha nhau . Nu d l khong cch gia hai chn t th h s pha ca sng chm s c xc nh bi:
=
d

Ta c h s sng chm bng:


=

H s sng chm ph thuc vo di l ca cc chn t v khong cch d gia chng. Bng 5.1 dn ra cc gi tr ca h s sng chm ng vi cc di khc nhau ca chn t, tnh theo ba thng s ca chn t Bng 1.1
a l

c = = v k d

d l

khi bn knh

=0, 01. H s sng chm

Qua phn tch cng xc nhn rng nu kt cu c di hu hn th sxut hin sng phn x u cui, vi h s phn x theo cng sut khng qu 15%. Do s phn x khng ng k nn c th coi gn ng kt cu hu hn gm cc chn t dn x c di bng nhau v t cch u
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Khoa in in T

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nhau tng ng vi mt h thng thng lin tc, bc x trc. H s chm ca sng trong h thng c xc nh theo bng 1.1. Vi di ca anten L = Nd bit, c th xc nh c h s chm tt nht (ng vi bc sng cng tc trung bnh o) theo cng thc:
opt = 1 +
0
2L

(1.2)

Sau , p dng cng thc ca l thuyt anten sng chm c th tnh c sph thuc ca h s nh hng vi tn s v xc nh c di thng tn
f f0

m trong h s nh hng bin i khng qu 3 dB. Cc kt qu


f f0

tnh ton s ph thuc ca h s nh hng D v di thng tn

theo

di ca anten L/ , ng vi cc gi tr 2d/l khc nhau c v hnh 1.4.

Hnh 1.5: S ph thuc ca D vo L/ T hnh v ta thy h s nh hng ca anten c xc nh ch yu bi di tng cng di thng tn ca anten li ph thuc nhiu vo s lng chn t (ng vi L cho trc). V vy, m rng di thng tn ca anten cn tng s chn t dn x (khi khng thay i di chung ca anten). Ta hy kho st mt v d: Gi s cn thc hin mt anten dn x lm vic trong di tn 200 10MHz, di anten cho trc l 3m, sao cho s nhn c h s nh hng l cc i khi s phn t ca anten l t nht. Trng hp ny, di ca anten l L/o = 2 v di thng tn yu cu bng
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Khoa in in T

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10%. T hnh 1.5 ta thy cn chn thng s d / l = 0,5 nhn c h s nh hng gn bng 12dB. ng thi, vi di anten cho s tnh c chm tt nht opt = 1,25 . T bng 1.1 s xc nh c di chn t
kl = 1,3 2

(ng vi

2d = 1 ). l

T suy ra l/2 = d = 0,22.0 v s chn t ca

anten bng 10 (trong c mt chn t phn x, mt chn t ch ng v 8 chn t dn x). 2. Phng php tnh cc c trng tham s ca anten Cch tnh ton nh xt v d trn ch cho php c lng s b ch khng th dng thit k anten. tnh ton chnh xc anten dn x c th s dng l thuyt ca chn t ghp. Sau y s gii thiu ni dung v cc bc tnh ton i vi bi ton tng qut ca loi anten ny. Ta chn s anten Yagi l mt tp hp cc chn t na sng ging nhau (hnh 2.1).

Hnh 2.1: S anten Chn t ch ng A c t gc to . V tr ca cc chn t th ng trn trc z c c trng bi cc to zn , vi n = 1, 2, .N ( N l s chn t dn x) v bi to Zp i vi chn t phn x. Vic iu chnh i vi mi chn t th ng s c thc hin bi cc in khng bin i c iXp, iX1 , iX2 , ...., iXn. Cc bc tnh ton i vi m hnh anten trn nh sau: Bc 1: ng vi v tr c nh ca cc chn t v vi cc gi tr ca cc in khng iu chnh chn, bin phc ca dng in trong mi chn t s c xc nh khi gii h phng trnh Kirchhoff i vi h ( N + 2) chn t ghp.
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Khoa in in T

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(2.1) Trong , R pp , RAA , R11 , R22 ,....., RNN l phn t thc ca tr khng ring ca chn t phn x, chn t ch ng v cc chn t dn x. Cc tr khng tng h Z pA = Z Ap , Z p1 = Z1 p , Z A1 = Z1A ,...., Z nk = Z kn c th c xc nh theo cc cng thc ca l thuyt anten ( phng php sc in ng cm ng), hoc tnh theo cc bng cho sn. Cc i lng Xp, XA, X1, X2, , XN l in khng ton phn ca chn t phn x, chn t ch ng v cc chn t dn x, trong bao gm in khng ring ca mi chn t v in khng iu chnh i vi mi chn t nu c (sau ny, khi tnh ton xong th vic th hin thc t cc in khng ny s c thc hin bng cch s dng cc chn t ngn mch gia v la chn di thch hp cho chng). i lng U trong cng thc trn l in p t u vo chn t ch ng v c th c chn tu ( v d U = 1V). Bc 2: Theo cc tr s dng in tm c khi gii h phng trnh (2.1) s tnh c hm phng hng t hp.

(2.2) trong , l gc gia trc anten v hng ca im kho st (hnh 2.1).

Bi tiu lun mn Truyn Sng V Anten

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Khoa in in T

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Mt phng H Mt phng E Hnh 2.2 Gc trong mt phng H v mt phng E i vi mt phng H th (2.2) cng chnh l hm phng hng ca c h, cn i vi mt phng E th hm phng hng ca h s bng tch ca hm t hp (2.2) vi hm phng hng ring ca chn t

Bc 3: Tm tr khng vo ca chn t ch ng khi c nh hng tng h ca cc chn t th ng:

(2.3) Tr s XA s c chn theo iu kin m bo XVA = 0. Nh vy, t (2.3) s xc nh c XA v do ZVA = RVA. Bc 4: Tnh h s nh hng ca anten hng trc theo cng thc: D = D0 .( N + 2) (2.4)

trong , D0 = 1,64 l h s nh hng ca chn t na sng; Cng c th tnh theo cng thc:
Dmax = A. L

L: di anten H s A ph thuc vo t s L/ c biu th trn hnh sau:

(2.5)

Bi tiu lun mn Truyn Sng V Anten

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Hnh 2.3: S ph thuc ca A vo L/

3. Vn tip in v phi hp tr khng Chn t n gin c ng dng ph bin nht l chn t na sng (2l=/2). tip in cho chn t di sng cc ngn c th dng ng dy song hnh hoc cp ng trc. 3.1 Tip in cho chn t bng dy song hnh Bit tr khng vo ca chn t na sng khong 73. Nu chn t c tip in bng ng dy song hnh ( tr khng ca dy song hnh thng thng c gi tr khong 200 n 600 ) th h s sng chy trong fide s kh thp. khc phc nhc im ny c th ch to cc ng dy song hnh c bit c tr khng thp. Tr khng sng ca dy song hnh c xc nh theo cng thc:

(3.1) Trong : D khong cch hai dy dn tnh t tm; d ng knh dy dn;


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Khoa in in T

Lp: HT1-K1

- hng s in mi tng i ca mt trng bao quanh dy dn. gim tr khng sng ca dy song hnh, c th gim t s tng ng knh dy dn hoc gim khong cch gia hai dy), hoc bao bc ng dy bi in mi c ln. Trong thc t khong cch D khng th gim nh ty v n c quan h vi in p chu ng ca ng dy. Ngi ta ch to dy song hnh c khong cch nh, c bao bc trong in mi c ln v bn ngoi c v kim loi. Loi dy song hnh ny c tr khng sng khong 75, c th s dng tip in cho chn t di sng cc ngn v sng ngn. Nhng nhc im ca n l in p chu ng thp. in p cho php cc i thng khng vt qu 1kV. V vy loi fide ny ch c s dng cho thit b thu hoc pht c cng sut nh. Chn t kiu T Mt dng khc ca s tip in song song l s phi hp kiu T (hnh3.1a).

Hnh 3.1: S tip im kiu T Mch tng ng ca s kiu T (hnh 2.4b) tng t mch tng ng ca s kiu Y. Nguyn l lm vic ca s kiu T cng tng t nguyn l lm vic ca s kiu Y. Tuy nhin trong trng hp ny on fide chuyn tip OA bin dng thnh on dy dn song song vi chn t nn cn phi tnh n s khc bit v tr khng sng vi fide chnh v cng khng th b qua hiu ng bc x. u vo ca chn t trong trng hp ny cn phi c coi l ti OO nn tr khng vo ca chn t by gi s l tr khng ti AA bin i qua on fide chuyn tip OA. C th chng minh rng tr khng vo ti OO s t cc i khi l1 =/8 v gim dn khi tip tc tng l1 . ng thi tr s ca tr khng ny c th bin i khi thay i t l ca cc ng knh d1 , d2 v khong cch D gia chng. Nu dng dy song hnh c tr khng sng 600 Ohm tip in cho chn t na sng th cc kch thc ca s phi hp kiu T c th xc nh gn ng nh nhau: D = (0, 01 0,02) ; d1 = d2
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Khoa in in T

Lp: HT1-K1

L1 = (0, 09 0,1) Chn t vng dt Khi dch chuyn im AA (hnh 3.1a) ra ti u mt chn t ta c chn t vng dt (hnh 3.2a).

Hnh 3.2: S tip im cho chn t vng dt Trng hp ny ta nhn c hai chn t na sng c u cui ni vi nhau, gi l cc chn t nhnh. Fide tip in c mc vo im gia ca mt trong hai chn t, cn chn t th hai c ngn mch gia. S tng ng ca h thng l mt on dy song hnh di /2, ngn mch ti C, u vo l OO (hnh 1.10b). Phn b dng trn ng dy c v bi cc nt t cn cc mi tn ch chiu dng in. Ta nhn thy hai chn t nhnh c kch thch ng pha, bng dng nm ti im gia chn t, cn nt dng ti A-A. Trng bc x tng to bi hai phn t tng ng nhau trn cc chn t nhnh v s bng trng bc x to bi mt phn t nhng c dng in ln gp i. V vy khi tnh trng bc x khu xa c th thay th chn t vng dt bi mt chn t na sng i xng m dng in trong bng dng in trong hai chn t nhnh ti mi v tr tng ng. Nh vy c th thy rng hng tnh ca chn t vng dt cng ging nh hng tnh ca chn t na sng i xng. Gi Rbx l in tr bc x ca chn t vng dt tnh i vi dng in im tip in th cng sut bc x ca chn t vng dt bng: (3.2)
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Khoa in in T

Lp: HT1-K1

I0 dng in im tip in. Nu coi chn t vng dt nh mt chn t na sng i xng c dng gp i so vi dng nhnh mi chn t th: (3.3) y, Rbx0 = Rbx = 73,1 l in tr bc x ca chn t na sng T (3.2), (3.3) ta rt ra: Rbx= 4 Rbxo = 292 Nh vy in tr vo ca chn t vng dt tng ln 4 ln so vi in tr vo ca chn t na sng thng thng. in khng vo ca chn t vng dt c gi tr kh nh, c th b qua nu di chn t c rt ngn i mt cht so vi /2. Khi dng dy song hnh c tr khng sng 300 Ohm tip in cho chn t vng dt th c th nhn c hiu qu phi hp cao, vi h s sng chy trong fide gn bng 1 m khng cn mc cc phn t phi hp. 3.2 Tip in cho chn t i xng bng cp ng trc Nh trn kho st vn tip in v phi hp tr khng cho chn t i xng bng dy song hnh. Dy song hnh l mt loi fide i xng, v vy vic tip in cho chn t khng cn thit b chuyn i. Tuy nhin, khi tn s tng th hiu ng bc x ca dy song hnh cng tng, dn n tn hao nng lng v mo dng th phng hng ca chn t. V vy, tip in cho chn t i xng di sng cc ngn, ngi ta thng dng cp song hnh (dy song hnh c v bc kim loi) hoc dng cp ng trc. Hnh 3.3 l s mc trc tip chn t i xng v cp ng trc, khng c thit b chuyn i.

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Khoa in in T

Lp: HT1-K1

Hnh 3.3: S mc trc tip cp ng trc vo chn t i xng Trong trng hp ny, ton b dng 1 chy trong li ca cp c tip cho mt nhnh chn t, cn dng I2 chy mt trong ca v cp s phn nhnh thnh dng I2 tip cho nhnh th hai ca chn t v dng I2 chy ra mt ngoi ca v cp. V bin ca dng I1 v I2 ging nhau ( I1 = I2 ) nn bin ca dng in tip cho hai v s khc nhau ( I1 I2' ), ngha l khng thc hin c vic tip in i xng cho chn t. Trong khi dng I2 chy mt ngoi ca v cp s tr thnh ngun bc x k sinh khng nhng gy hao ph nng lng m cn lm mo dng th phng hng ca chn t. gim bt s mt i xng khi tip in cho chn t bng cp ng trc, c th mc chn t vi cp theo s phi hp kiu (hnh 3.4a). Nu chn t di bng na bc sng th im gia O ca chn t s l im bng dng in v nt in p, do n c th c coi l im gc in th. V vy vic ni trc tip O vi v cp tip in s khng lm mt tnh i xng ca chn t. Dy dn trong ca cp c ni vi chn t im c tr khng ph hp vi tr khng sng ca fide. Trong thc t, thun tin trong vic iu chnh phi hp tr khng gia fide v chn t, c th mc thm t iu chun (hnh v 3.4b), song n khng m bo vic tip in i xng mt cch hon ho.

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Khoa in in T

Lp: HT1-K1

Hnh 3.4: S phi hp kiu Thng thng tip in i xng cho chn t bng cp ng trc cn c thit b chuyn i mc gia fide v chn t. Thit b chuyn i ny c gi l thit b bin i i xng. S ca b bin i c v hnh 3.5 Hai nhnh ca chn t khng ni trc tip vi v v li ca fide tip in m c chuyn i qua mt on cp. Hnh 3.5a l s bin i i xng ch U dng tip in cho chn t na sng n gin. Fide tip in c mc vo im c, c khong cch ti hai u vng ch U bng l1 v l2 , khc nhau na bc sng ( l2 l1 = /2): l bc sng trong cp ng trc). Tr khng ti u cui a, b ca vng ch U c gi tr bng nhau v bng mt na tr khng vo ca chn t i xng ( Rao= Rbo= Rab/2) s c gi tr bng nhau. Dng in ca fide tip in s phn thnh hai nhnh c bin bng nhau ( I 1 = I 2 ) chy v hai pha ca vng ch U tip cho hai nhnh ca chn t. V khong cch t c ti a v b khc nhau na bc sng nn dng I1 v I2 ti cc u cui a v b s c pha ngc nhau, ngha l ti u vo chn t hnh thnh cc dng ging nh dng in c a ti t hai nhnh ca ng dy song hnh.

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Khoa in in T

Lp: HT1-K1

Hnh 3.5: S b bin i i xng Nu coi gn ng tr khng vo ca chn t na sng bng 70 Ohm th ta c Rao = Rbo = 70/2 . Gi s on cp ch U c tr khng sng bng 70 Ohm, ng thi nu bng:
l1 =

th tr khng phn nh t a v c cng nh t b v c s

(3.4) Tr khng phn nh R1 , R2 c coi nh mc song song ti c nn tr khng vo ti y s l: (3.5) Nu fide tip in c tr khng sng 70 th vic phi hp tr khng c coi l hon ho, vi h s sng chy trong fide gn bng 1 ( k 1 ). Trng hp tip in cho chn t vng dt th thc hin phi hp tr khng cn chn l1 = 0 ( hnh 3.5b). Tht vy, tr khng ca chn t vng dt bng 292 Ohm, do : (3.6)
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Khoa in in T

Lp: HT1-K1

Tr khng vo ti C : Nu dng fide tip in c tr khng sng ( 70 75 ) th h s sng chy trong fide cng s gn bng 1. 4. Cc thng stiu biu ca dy anten Yagi-Uda: Phn t li: c chiu di 0.45- 0.49, ty thuc bn knh, folded dipole c dng tng tr khng vo. Phn t hng x: chiu di 0.4- 0.45(khong 10% - 20 % ngn hn phn tli), cc phn tkhng cn c kch thc ging nhau. Phn tphn x: khong 0.5(khong 10% - 20 % di hn phn tli) Khong cch gia cc phn thng x: 0.2- 0.4, khng cn u. Khong cch vi phn tphn x: 0.1- 0.25 in trng ca dy anten Yagi-Uda vng xa: l tng ca cc in trng ca N phn t, mi phn tc chiu di l :

Dng trn mi phn tc th phn tch bi chui Fourier vi s bc (mode) l M:

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Khoa in in T

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u im dy anten Yagi-Uda: Trng lng nh Gi thnh thp n gin trong chto Bp sng n hng (da vo thng s Front-to-back ratio) Tng h s hng tnh so vi cc loi anten thng khc ng dng thc t cc bng tn: HF (3-30 MHz), VHF (30300 MHz), UHF (300 MHz - 3 GHz)

THE END!

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