TIU CHUN NGNH Nhm H CNG HO X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM B GIAO THNG VN TI

22TCN 266 - 2000 C hiu lc t ngy 09/9/2000

CU V CNG

QUY PHM THI CNG V NGHIM THU

Ban hnh km theo Quyt nh s: 2453 / 2000 / Q-BGTVT, ngy 24 / 8 / 2000. Thay th Quy trnh thi cng v nghim thu cu cng ban hnh km theo Quyt nh s 166/Q nm 1975.
1. CC QUY NH CHUNG

1.1. Cc yu cu ca quy phm ny phi c thi hnh i vi tt c cc t chc t vn thit k, t vn gim st v cc nh thu khi thi cng v nghim thu cc cu cng xy dng mi vnh cu hoc ci to (trong bao gm ng ng, mng nc, cu tu bn cng, cu vt cn, cu dnh cho ngi i b) thuc ng st, ng tu in, ng t (gm c ng ni b ca cc x nghip v t chc nng nghip, ng ca cc x nghip cng nghip) trong v ngoi th, nu nh n bn v thi cng khng quy nh cc yu cu khc. Nhng hng mc thi cng v nghim thu khng c quy nh trong quy phm ny, phi thc hin theo ng ch dn ca n BVTC. 1.2. Khi thi cng cu v cng, ngoi cc yu cu ca quy phm ny, phi tun th cc yu cu trong danh mc cc tiu chun nh nc, tiu chun ngnh v cc tiu chun khc c lin quan, trong bao gm c v an ton k thut, v sinh cng nghip v phng chy, nu trong Ph lc 2. 1.3. Nhng quy nh ca quy phm ny da trn mt s tiu chun, qui phm hin hnh ca Nh nc. Khi c khc bit gia quy phm ny v tiu chun, quy trnh lin quan khc v vic thi cng v nghim thu cu cng th phi tun theo quy phm ny. 1.4. Khi xy dng cc cng trnh cu v cng phi thc hin cc gii php thit k, bo v mi trng sinh thi theo quy nh hin hnh. Cc gii php k thut c p dng phi ph hp tiu chun v sinh cng nghip v khng cho php gy bn nc mt v nc ngm, khng c lm ly li khu vc cng trng, khng c sn sinh ra cc cht c hi cng nh khng cho php a cc cht thi khc ra ngoi tri gy nhim mi trng. Nghim cm vic cht ph rng hoc cy ci vng ph cn cng trng xy dng: khng rc thi hoc vt liu xy dng ln mt t khu vc xy dng lm suy thoi thm thc vt cng nh vic tho nc ra ngoi sao cho khng lm thay i mc nc ngm sn c. Trc khi bn giao tr li mt bng cng trng bc vo khai thc cng trnh, phi tin hnh tho d cc nh tm ln tri v cc cng trnh ph tr, thu dn sch vt liu v cc cu kin

cn tha, sa sang li mt bng, cng nh phi thu dn thanh thi lng sng di cu v khi thng cc l thot nc trong cng. 1.5. Vic xy dng cc cu ln v cu va phc tp th nht thit phi do cc nh thu xy dng cu nng lc m nhn. 1.6. Vic xy dng cu v cng phi thc hin u tin bng phng php cng nghip do ng dng cc kt cu v chi tit lp ghp. Vic t chc thi cng phi to iu kin sao cho t nng sut lao ng cao, m bo c th bn giao cc cng trnh xy dng t tin nh, cng nh bo m cht lng thi cng cao v gi thnh r nht. 1.7. Trnh t thi cng v thi gian hon thnh cc cng tc xy dng v lp rp phi c quy nh bng biu tin . Cc biu tin ny phi th hin c cc dy chuyn sn xut v s kt hp cc mi thi cng khc nhau. Cng tc xy dng phi c tin hnh u n trong c nm. Mun vy ti cng trnh phi to ra cc khi lng d tr, khin cho cng tc trong ma kh v ma ma tin hnh bnh thng, khng phi tng cng nhn lc v nng cao gi thnh ln nhiu. 1.8. V cn bn, cc b phn ca kt cu lp ghp phi c ch to sn trong xng my chuyn nghip. Khi no khng th ch to cc kt cu ti xng my chuyn nghip, hoc khi vic chuyn ch cu kin ti cng trnh khng li v mt kinh t th n v thi cng phi lp bi ch to ring gn vi quy m v s lng, chng loi thit b do khi lng cng tc quyt nh. 1.9. n v thi cng phi hn ch s lng cng trnh tm trong cng trng ti mc ti thiu v phi u tin dng cc kt cu tho lp vn nng, cc kt cu c th lun chuyn c lm cc cng trnh tm . 1.10. Cc cng tc xy dng v lp rp cn c c gii ho ti mc ti a v i vi cc hng mc cng tc ln phi ng dng phng php c gii ho ton b. 1.11. Cc vt liu xy dng v cc kt cu, c bit i vi loi c khi lng ln, phi a thng ti cc kho ti cng trng, khng qua chuyn ti. Cc kho ti cng trng phi c b tr vng hot ng ca cc thit b cn trc v phng tin vn ti phc v cng trng . Nu vt liu xy dng ch yu ca cng trnh l btng, phi lp phng th nghim vt liu ngay ti cng trng. 1.12. Cc gii php thi cng, trnh t v thi hn thi cng c xc nh trn c s xt tnh n chu k v mc nc hng nm, cng va p ca sng, xi l lng sng, s va p ca vt tri, cy tri v.v... Khi xy dng cu vt qua sng c dng chy mnh hoc c tu thuyn qua li, phi tun theo cc quy nh v m bo an ton giao thng ng thu ni a, cng nh m bo hot ng ca tu thuyn nh bt c, to iu kin thun li cho vic di chuyn n c. Khi trin khai xy dng cc cng trnh v thit b ph tm thi cng trn mt sng c p bao, phi m bo n nh tuyt i cho trong khu vc lm cu v phi tun theo cc quy nh v bo v iu.

1.13. Khi chun b vt liu ti ch (, ct , g xy dng) ti chn cng trnh, phi kim tra nghim ngt v cht lng v c tnh ca vt liu theo tng l khi lng, phi xem xt yu cu c th cho tng loi vt liu thch hp. 1.14. Sau khi bn giao cu v cng cho c quan khai thc qun l, nh thu xy dng phi c trch nhim quan st tnh trng k thut ca cng trnh v kim tra v tr cc b phn kt cu theo mt bng v mt ct dc trong thi gian bo hnh, c bit l sau ma nc l. Nh thu phi quan st k cc cng v kim tra v tr tng t cng sau 2 - 3 thng lp t xong di t. Kt qu ca cc cuc kim tra phi c ghi r vo vn bn lu tr theo di. 1.15. Vic cht ti ln cc b phn cu c hon chnh theo n, ch cho php sau khi kim tra v lp bin bn nghim thu cng on . Trnh t ch dn v cht ti phi c ch cng trnh chp thun. 1.16. Khi b tr cng trng xy dng, iu ng kt cu cng trnh ph tm v my thit b thi cng, phi m bo an ton vi mc nc l xut hin trong sut thi gian thi cng; c th chn mc nc cao tng ng vi lu lng tnh ton dng chy c tn sut 10%. Nu c c s v iu kin k thut - kinh t thch hp, cho php ly mc nc thi cng tng ng vi lu lng tnh ton c tn sut 50%.
2. CNG TC O C NH V

2.1. thc hin d n xy dng cu (cng), cn phi lp mng li o c sau: a) Mng li tam gic c, a gic c hoc ng sn - tam gic (i vi cu di trn 300m, cu treo dy xin, cu trn ng cong hoc cu c tr cao hn 15m). b) Chi dn mc (trng hp a hnh phc tp, cc im o ca mng li khng nhn r nhau c th trn tim ca im o cn phi lp chi dn mc c cao cn thit). c) Cc im o dc theo tim cu (i vi cng l im giao ca tim cng v tim ng) d) Cc im o dc theo trc tim ph song song vi trc tim chnh ca cu, trong trng hp xy dng cu vt qua bi sng c di hn 100m, khi xy dng cu trong cc iu kin phc tp (an xen vi cc kin trc sn c hoc bo tn thin nhin) v trong trng hp cc im o c
th b h hng trong qu trnh thi cng cu.

e) Cc im o tim ng vo cu, trong trng hp phn ng vo cu cng nm trong khi lng thi cng ca d n cu. f ) Cc im o tim tr trn bi sng ca cu c chiu di hn 100m, cu treo dy xin, cu trn ng cong hoc cu c tr cao hn 15m.

2.2. Vic lp mng li o c phi c xt thch hp sao cho t cc im o c th xc nh c tim tr v kim tra v tr kt cu trong qu trnh thi cng. Nu tim cu ct qua mt khu t cao, nht thit phi lp thm t nht mt im o ph trong mng li o c nh v tim cu v mt chi dn mc. Nu tim cu nm trn ng cong, cn bm st theo hng ca dy cung xc nh im u v im cui cu. Trong trng hp b tr on cu vt sng nm trn ng thng, cn on cu dn nm trn ng cong, khi on cong chuyn tip ca cu bm st theo ng tang. 3.3. i vi cc cu c chiu di trn 300m, cc cu treo dy xin, cu trn ng cong cng nh cu c tr cao hn 15m, cn phi lp bn v thit k mng li o c (ML) nh v kt cu v kim tra thi cng cu; bn v c lp trong h s thit k t chc xy dng cu. i vi cc cu cn li v cng, cng tc o c bao gm vic lp s v tr im o nh v kt cu v xc nh c ly, cng nh nhng yu cu v chnh xc tng ng vi my - thit b kim tra trong qu trnh xy lp, phi c xem xt trong n bn v thi cng (BVTC). 2.4. Trong bn v thit k ML, cn nu thm nhng yu cu phc v thit k t chc xy dng (TCXD) v thit k BVTC nh sau: Giai on chun b xy dng: s b tr cc im o v biu tin hnh cng tc o c . Giai on thc hin xy dng: cc d kin v chnh xc v phng php thit lp mng li o c cu, s b tr v xc nh im o trong mng li; dng cc tiu, cc mc; cc d kin v chnh xc, phng php, my - thit b o v trnh t trin khai chi tit cng vic o c, s o kim tra v thc hin php o; biu tin hnh cng tc o c. Giai on kt thc xy dng, a cng trnh vo khai thc s dng: theo di quan st s chuyn v v bin dng ca cng trnh, phi c cc d liu v chnh xc, phng php, my thit b o v trnh t theo di chuyn v - bin dng ti hin trng; s mng li o c, cc d kin v chnh xc ca cc php o kt cu, dng cc tiu cc mc; biu tin hnh cng vic o c. Trong bn v thit k ML, cng cn ch r my o v cc php o chun. 2.5. Ton b bn v thit k ML do t chc t vn thit k lp phi c chuyn giao bng vn bn cho bn nh thu tip nhn cng tc o c v nh v kt cu cng trnh. Bin bn nghim thu ML phi c s ho mt bng v tr cc tiu cc mc khu vc lm cu, dng v su chn cc, to cc, k hiu v cao mc trong h thng to v cao trnh nh nc.

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i vi cc cu c chiu di trn 300m, cc cu treo dy xin, cu trn ng cong, cng nh cu c tr cao hn 15m, trong bin bn nghim thu ML c bn v mt bng khu vc cng trnh, trong c v tr v cao trnh cc tiu cc mc, km theo nhng ch dn cn thit thc hin cng tc o c. 2.6. Cng tc o c nh v trong qu trnh t chc xy dng cu v cng, vic phn nh tim ng nhnh tm thi, vic lp thm (nu cn) mng ng sn cho cu ngn hn 300m hoc cu vt qua dng chy c b rng nh hn 100m, cng nh mi cng vic kim tra o c khi tin hnh xy lp, u phi do nh thu thc hin. Nhng d kin v to cc tiu cc mc trong
ML phi do ch cng trnh cung cp.

2.7. Khi tin hnh t chc xy dng cu, cn kim tra cng tc o c theo cc cng on sau: a) Trc khi lm cu, tun th cc quy nh ca iu 2.5. b) Sau khi lm xong phn mng m tr (trc khi bt u xy thn m tr). c) Sau khi xy m tr cu (sau khi lm xong phn mng m tr) d) Thc hin cc bn v thit k ML trong qu trnh xy thn m tr e) Sau khi xy xong m tr v nh tim dm trn mt k gi f ) Sau khi lp t kt cu nhp vo v tr gi . 2.8. Nhng yu cu k thut, khi lng v phng php cng tc o c c ch dn trong Bng 1.
Bng 1
Yu cu k thut i tng kim tra Tng cc Phng php hoc cch thc kim tra Dng trc c (tin hnh o khi nghim thu ML)

1. S lng cc tiu - cc mc trong mng li o

c i vi cu di trn 300m, cu treo dy xin, cu trn ng cong, cu c tr cao hn 15m, cng nh cu vt qua dng chy c b rng mt thong trn 100m, thc hin theo bn v thit k ML.

2. S lng cc mc v cc tiu trn mt bng

mng li o c dc theo tim cu c quy nh: + i vi cng v cu c chiu di nh hn 50m n 300m, 1 mc cao c v khng t hn 2 cc tiu mi bn b. + i vi cu di trn 300m, cu treo dy xin, cu trn ng cong v cu c tr cao hn

Tng cc mc v cc tiu

Dng trc c (tin hnh o khi nghim thu ML)

nt

nt

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15m: 2 cc mc v khng t hn 2 cc tiu mi bn b.

3. Sai s qun phng (mm) quy nh:

+ to cc cc theo mt bng mng o c s, l 6 + cc mc cao c trn b v trn mt m tr: mc lu di l 3, mc tm thi l 5.

Ton b cc tiu trn mt bng o Ton b cc mc

Dng trc c (tin hnh o theo mt bng phng). Dng trc c (o cao trnh theo hnh hc hoc lng gic, dng my ton c in t).

Ghi ch:
1. Trn cc cu di hn 100m, cu treo dy xin, cu trn ng cong v cu c tr cao hn 15m, cc cc tiu cc mc ca ng sn c bn u bng BTCT, trn mt cc c gn im tim m bo mng li o chun xc. Trn cc cu khc cn li, cc cng v ng vo cu cho php s dng cc g c u inh thp lm ng sn c bn. 2. Khi ng vo cu nm trn ng cong, cn phi xc nh: im u v im cui ca ng cong, im phn gic v nh ng cong. 3. Mc cao c c b tr cch ng tim cng trnh khng qu 80m, nhng phi nm ngoi phm vi nn p, thng u, rnh thot nc,v.v... 4. quan st chuyn v v bin dng ca cc m tr cu (i vi cng trnh c ghi trong bn v thit k ML), cn phi nh du c nh im o trn mt bn m thp gi cu thng h lu hoc gn cc s c u hnh chm cu (trng men) ln nh m tr v tr thun tin t thc o ngm.

2.9. Khi xc nh khong cch gia cc mc nh v tim cu v cc tr bng phng php trc c th mng li a gic cn phi p ng cc yu cu sau y:

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1. Tu theo iu kin a hnh chn dng ca mng li cn c (Hnh 1) nh sau: - i vi cc cu ln dng mng li a gic c, khi c bi ni gia sng th dng mng li trung tm. - i vi cu va, dng mng li ca 2 hoc 4 tam gic. 2. Gc ca hnh tam gic khng c nh hn 250 v khng ln hn 1300 cn trong a gic c th khng nh 0 hn 20 . 3. Mng li chung phi bao gm t nht l hai im c bn nh v tim cu, mi bn b c mt im, ngoi ra cn phi bao gm tt c cc im m t c th nh im tm cc tr bng cch giao tuyn thng v c th tin hnh kim tra trong qu trnh thi cng. Trong trng hp ny giao nhau gia hng ngm v tim cu cng gn 900 cng tt, cn chiu di tuyn ngm (t my o ti tr) khng c ln hn: 1000m khi nh im bng my kinh v c chnh xc v s c l 1 giy. 300m khi nh im bng my kinh v c chnh xc v s c l 10 giy. 100m khi nh im bng my kinh v c chnh xc v s c l 30 giy. S lng giao im bn sn khng c t hn hai im
Hnh 2. Chi dn mc v cc chi tit ca chi

Hnh 1. Cc dng ca mng li

4. Cc im ca mng li tam gic cn phi c ng bng cc c nh. Trong hon cnh a hnh phc tp, nu di t khng nhn r nhau c th trn tm ca im o cn phi dng chi dn mc c cao cn thit (Hnh2). Trc mi ln ngm my phi dn tim ca mc ln ca my ngm. Nu khng th dn tim ca mc ln ca my ngm th cn xc nh cc yu t quay v tm v iu chnh cho thch hp. 13

5. Trong trng hp chiu di cu di 200m th trong mng li tam gic cho php o bng 1 c tuyn, cn nu chiu di ln hn th t nht phi o bng 2 c tuyn. Trong trng hp sau, cc c tuyn c cm mt bn b thng lu v h lu cu hoc hai bn b mi bn mt c tuyn. C tuyn phi c cm trn ch t phng c dc nh hn 1%. Trong trng hp c bit cho php cm mt mng li c tuyn c lp. 2.10. Chiu di ca c tuyn phi o vi chnh xc quy nh Bng 2 v chnh xc gp 2 ln so vi khi o khong cch gia cc mc nh v tim cu. Trong Bng 2 cng ra chnh xc cn thit khi o gc v khp cho php i vi mi tam gic ca mng li trc c. Ngoi ra trong cng ra cc dng c cn dng o. Yu cu v chnh xc khi o c tuyn gc v cc dng c cn thit
chnh xc cn thit khi o 1/10.000 1/30.000 1/50.000 1/80.000 chnh xc cn thit khi o gc (giy) 20 7 3 1,5 khp cho php trong cc mng (giy) 35 10 5 2

Bng 2

Chiu di ca cu (m) - Nh hn 100 - T 100 n 300 - T 300 n 1000 - Ln hn 1000

Cc dng c cn dng o v s ln khi o gc

- Thc thp hoc thc cun. my ton c 30 vi 2 ln quay vng. - Thc o hoc thc cun c khc ly my ton c 10 vi 3 ln quay vng . - Thc o thp hoc my o quang in, my ton c 1 vi 3 ln quay vng. - My o quang in, my ton c 1 vi 5 ln quay vng.

2.11. Vic nh cc tim tr cu trn mt ng thng cn tin hnh bng phng php giao im vi gc vung t nht l t 2 im ca h thng a gic c v t cc tim tr trn ng tim cu vi lch cho php ln nht l 15mm. Vic nh v cc b phn ca tr sau ny cn tin hnh t cc tim ca tr bng cch gin n, u tin l bng phng php ta vung gc. Trong qu trnh xy dng cn phi thng xuyn kim tra v tr ca tim tr. 2.12. Trong qu trnh xy dng mng v thn tr cu cn phi t trc nhng mc cao c ph ngay ti nh tr, mc thp v mc cao nhanh chng xc nh c cc cao im cn thit cho vic xy dng tr hoc lp rp dm cu . t cc mc cao c ph phi i cao c 2 ln t nhng mc chun vi sai s cao c nhiu nht l 15mm. 2.13. Ti cu di trn 200m phi t:

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a) Trn thnh ca mi m: mc cao c theo mu quy nh.Gia cc mc vi nhau v vi cc mc chun phi i cao c t nht l 3 ln, vi sai s bnh qun 10mm. b) Trn cc m tr: mc cao c cc ni thun tin cho vic t thc ngm. Trn cc tr sa cha li m trc y quan st thy c bin dng hoc ti cc tr lm mi trong iu kin a cht phc tp, phi trong cc hm kn, mi tr 2 ng thu bnh t vung gc vi nhau. Mi ng thu bnh ny c khc kim tra nh hn 20 giy. Trc khi bn giao cho s dng, nh thu thi cng phi tin hnh cho xong vic kho st ln v bin dng bng mc cao c v bng ng thu bnh. 2.14. Khi sa cha cc cu sn c v khi phc cc cu b h hng phi xc nh trng thi v v tr ng tim dc, ngang ca cc tr b ph hoi v kim tra khong cch gia cc tim tr, i chiu vi cc s liu thit k . 2.15. Tt c cc s liu o c c u phi ghi vo cc s cng tc hin trng theo mu quy nh ring, cn mi tnh ton u ghi vo nhng biu mu hoc vit thnh vn bn r rng . Tt c cc s cng tc hin trng, cc h s v cc s liu vn phng, trong qu trnh hon thnh, phi c kim k li, ng gi v a v phng k thut thi cng bo qun.
3. CC CNG TRNH V THIT B PH TR

3.1. Cc kt cu cng trnh v thit b ph tr (CTTBPT) thi cng cu phi thc hin ng cc yu cu ca tiu chun ngnh Quy trnh thit k cc cng trnh v thit b ph tr thi cng cu v nhng quy nh trong phm vi ny. 3.2. Khi thi gian s dng cc kt cu bng g khng qu 5 nm, cho php khng cn n cc bin php phng chng mc mt. 3.3. Khng c cht ti trng khc ln CTTBPT m trong thit k BVTC khng quy nh. 3.4. Nu b tr CTTBPT trn sng c vi phm hnh lang thng thuyn, cn phi lp t cc bin bo tn hiu v cc kt cu bo v c bit, trnh c s va chm ca tu thuyn. 3.5. Khi lm tr to nn lp t CTTBPT, cn phi c bin php sao cho phn nn pha trn mt nc. Cng vic o t gn xung quanh tr ny cn phi tun theo ch dn ca thit k TCXD. 3.6. Vic lp t cc tr v dm tm, nu khng c cc ch dn c bit ca thit k, cn c d phng ln do pht sinh bin dng d trong cc trng hp sau: - p cc b mi mt tip gip gia g v g, l 2mm; - p cc b mi mt tip gip gia g v thp l 1mm; 15

- Lp t nn m cht,d phng ln l 10mm; - Lp t c ct hoc t ct, d phng ln l 5mm. 3.7. Vic to bi lp t kt cu nhp trn nn ng vo cu phi tin hnh p t dn tng lp m cht theo yu cu ca n thit k. Mt bng p t phi m bo tiu thot nc nhanh. Trc mi t c m hoc y m v sau mi trn ma ro cn phi o li cao trnh mt bi v khc phc cc bin dng pht sinh. 3.8. Mt trn ca ng trt ln phi st kht vi mt di ca m bin dm khi lao y sao cho khng c nhng chi tit b phn no li cm ln. 3.9. Khi lao ko kt cu nhp trn ng trt ln, khng cho php dng nhng con ln c ng knh khc nhau v c cc khuyt tt nh mo van, cn xc, st m hoc mn u. Mt ca ng ln khng c g gh, mi hn hoc cc chi tit khc li ln phi c ty bng. 3.10. Tc lao ko dm trn con ln khng c vt qu 30m/h, cn trn tm trt, khng qu 15m/h. Tc hnh trnh ca pit-tng kch y dm theo hng ngang khng c vt qu 5mm/s. Trc khi tin hnh lao ko dm, tt c cc vt liu thit b dng chng ko u phi c kim tra k lng v ghi vo bin bn nghim thu. 3.11. Khi thi cng c s dng h ni, phi kho st v thm d trc phm vi hot ng ca h ni di nc m bo su nc di y h ni ln hn 0,2m. 3.12. H ni dng trong thi cng l cc phao thp ni ghp hoc s lan thp. Trc khi lp t h ni mi phao thp hoc s lan phi c ng kim v c ghi vo bin bn nghim thu. 3.13. Khi di chuyn h ni bng h ti ko hm phi b tr sn cc im neo d phng v chun b sn cc thit b thay th chng buc cp ln thn h ni c d dng. 3.14. cc gc cnh ca h ni phi gn thc o vch sn r rng o mn nc trong sng. Khi cht ti trn h ni phi thng xuyn kim tra ln lch ca h i chiu vi tr s thit k. 3.15. Trc khi v trong sut qu trnh s dng h ni lm vic trn mt sng, phi c y thng tin v d bo thi tit thu vn trong thi gian tin hnh cng vic. 3.16. i ch huy trn h ni phi c trang b b m in t lin lc vi b phn iu khin h ti ko hm, tr ni v vi b phn iu hnh trn b.

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3.17. Khi vn hnh my cu t trn h ni phi m bo tnh n nh vng, cho php my cu hot ng thi cng khi c gi vi vn tc khng qu 10m/s v khi c sng n cp 2 (vi chiu cao sng nh hn 25cm). 3.18. i vi my cu kiu cng t hnh v my cu kiu chn d khng c ng ray dn, phi m bo tr s chnh lch ca chn cu khi di chuyn khng c vt qu 1/500 chiu di cn vi ca cu. 3.19. Ct s dng trong CTTBPT thi cng cu, nu khng c yu cu c bit khc phi m bo sch, kh, ng knh ht qua mt sng t 1 n 1,2mm. Ct phi c bo qun tt, khng b ng nc hoc ngm nc. 3.20. Kch dng trong thi cng cn phi m bo lm vic theo hng ng tm, vic iu chnh ch lm vic ca tng kch hoc nhm kch phi cn c vo ng h o p lc; dng kch y phi c thit b hm (d phng); khi kch ta trn mt thp th phi lt tm m bng g, khi
ta trn mt g th lt m thp phn b lc.

Khi kt cu nhp t ln mt kch phi t bn thp m gia phn b lc. trong mi trng hp khc, phi c lp m gia bng g dn t trn mt kch. Khi kch chu lc, phi m bo trng tm ca lc ln kch trng hp vi ng tim hnh trnh ca pit-tng. 3.21. Phi lp cng v tin hnh th ti cc CTTBPT trc khi a vo s dng thi cng cu. 3.22. Trc khi a cc CTTBPT vo thi cng cu, cn phi t chc kim tra, nghim thu v lp thnh bin bn. Danh mc cc CTTBPT cn nghim thu, theo ch dn ca n BVTC. 3.23. Trng thi ca cc CTTBPT phi c kim tra theo di trong qu trnh thi cng cu. Vic quan st v kim tra CTTBPT phi c thc hin trc khi chu ti v sau khi vn hnh trn sng nc. 3.24. Cc yu cu k thut, hng mc v phng php kim tra cc CTTBPT trong qu trnh trin khai thi cng cu, c quy nh theo Bng 3.
Bng 3
Yu cu k thut 1. sai lch v v tr so vi n: - i vi kt cu thp, theo mt bng, khng qu 30mm. - i vi mi loi hnh kt cu, xin theo hng thng Tng kt cu nt o bng thc nt i tng kim tra Cch thc kim tra

17

ng khng qu 0,0025. - i vi mng cc, quy nh theo Bng 5. 2. sai lch v cao trnh ca kt cu g v kt cu thp, khng qu 50mm. 3. sai lch v ng bao hnh hc ca dm v gi , khng qu +20mm v -10mm 4. song song ca ng ln trt di khng sai chnh qu 25mm. 5. chnh cao Theo mt phng ca ng ln ring r, khng qu 1mm. Theo hai im ta ln khng qu 2mm 6. chnh ng knh cc con ln thp trn mt tr ta, khng qu 0,3mm. 7. lt kh ca phao ng kn khi th, gim i khng qu 0,1At nt Tng con ln Tng phao nt nt nt Tng kt cu nt nt o bng my thu bnh. o bng thc

nt

o bng my (cch 2m mt im o) o bng my (cch 1m mt im o). o bng thc kp o bng ng h p lc th theo quy nh ng kim

4. CNG TC CT THP V B TNG

4.1. Khi tin hnh cng tc ct thp v btng phi tun theo cc yu cu ca Tiu chun nh nc Kt cu btng v btng ct thp ton khi - Quy phm thi cng v nghim thu v cc quy nh ca Quy phm ny.
CNG TC CT THP

4.2. Trong trng hp ct thp si cng cao c lm gia nhit, vic th nghim kim tra tnh nng ca si thp ch tin hnh sau khi gia nhit xong. 4.3. Khng cho php dng h quang in ct si thp cng cao, dy cp thp v thanh thp chu lc; khng cho php dng hi hn ct cp thp c bc; cm vic hn st gn vo ct thp chu lc m khng c bin php bo v ct thp ny khi s tc ng ca tng nhit v tia la; khng cho php dng ct thp chu lc lm dy dn mch ca my hn in hoc lm dy tip t cho mt my in. 4.4. Trong trng hp n BVTC quy nh ni buc ct thp sn v li thp bng tay, th khng c php dng cch hn nh. 4.5. Si thp cng cao, dy thp bn, cp thp v cc loi ct thp khc dng trong kt cu btng phi c chn theo ng chng loi yu cu ca n thit k, phi c lu gi trong nh kho kh ro v thong gi; phi c bin php chng g cho cc loi ct thp trong mi trng khng kh m. 18

Khng cho php di chuyn cc b hoc cun thp mt cch tu tin, gy nn tnh trng un gy, h hng hoc lm bn ct thp. Khi vn chuyn ct thp nguyn kin v ct thp ch to sn thnh sn, phi chn phng tin thch hp vt liu khng b t, bn hoc dnh, cc loi ho cht c mui v a xt. 4.6. Tt c vng neo phi c lau chi sch khng cn du m v khng c lm hng cc rnh ren, trc khi lng t vng neo vo cc b ct thp; tt c cc li neo cng phi c lau sch v kh b mt li trc khi ng vo vng neo. 4.7. Trc khi lp t ct thp chu lc lin kt sn a vo vn khun, phi tin hnh nghim thu v lp bin bn. Trong qu trnh lp t ct thp, khng cho php hn nh (hoc buc) ct thp chu lc vi cc loi ct thp phn b, cc ct ai v vi bn thp m gi cng nh vi vn khun hoc cc chi tit khc. Phi dng trc tip kh nn thi sch nc v cht bn bm vo khe rnh vn khun, trc khi t lng ct thp chu lc vo bn trong vn khun . i vi ct thp c cng trc trn b, cn lu chng g cho ct thp ny trong thi gian cha btng. i vi ct thp c ko sau trong ng ghen, cn ch phng nga ct thp ny c th b xt st. 4.8. Mi cng tc lp t trong kt cu lp ghp hay ton khi (khng k nhng iu b sung trong BVTC) u phi c tin hnh mt cch t m trc khi b-tng; cc kt qu kim tra v nghim thu phi c ghi vo bin bn i vi cc hng mc cng tc n du. 4.9. Trnh t cng ko ct thp trong kt cu phi tun theo ch dn ca n thit k. Kt qu cng ko tng si hoc b si cng mt lc phi c ghi vo nht k cng trnh. 4.10. Khi cng ko ct thp trong kt cu btng, phi m bo cc yu cu sau: a) Cng btng trong kt cu v v tr mi ni t khng c thp hn tr s quy nh ca thit k tng ng vi mi cng on, cng b-tng c xc nh bng phng php khng ph hu mu hoc bng th nghim nn mu; trc khi cng ko ct thp, phi kim tra kch thc ca kt cu theo thit k v phi m bo khng c vy g, k h v nhng khuyt tt khc lm nh hng n cht lng ca btng; b) Kt cu nn p phi ta ng v tr theo ch dn ca thit k, cn im ta gi dm phi m bo chuyn v t do; c) u neo v kch phi c t ng tm trng vi si thp ko cng v gi nguyn v tr trong sut qu trnh cng ko; d) Ct thp cng ko xong phi c ph lp bo v, hoc c btng chm ln, hoc c bao ph bng vt liu ngn cch theo ch dn ca thit k bo v ct thp khi b g trong sut qu trnh cng ko. 4.11. Khi cng trc ct thp trn b, cn phi: a) Trc ht chn la ct thp cng chu lc ng u: ko cng c nhm ct thp hoc cc nhm thp n gi tr 20% ca lc cng kim tra, v gi trng thi ny;

19

b) Theo di trng thi chu lc v gi nguyn v tr thit k ca ct thp, ca dy no hoc ca cc thit b gi im un ca ct thp. c) m bo vic iu chnh li nhng si ct thp c lc cng thp hn lc cng tc ng ban u, no cht li hoc cng ko li cc b ct thp . d) Khng c gy ra mt mt ng sut trong ct thp to d ng lc vt qu tr s quy nh ca thit k (mt mt do chnh lch nhit ca ct thp cng ko v btng khi ninh kt); i vi kt cu theo thit k in hnh, quy nh khng qu 60MPa (600kG/cm2). 4.12. Kt cu b tng, khi c ni lc cng trc do ct thp truyn vo, phi m bo c cng bn khng nh hn tr s quy nh ca thit k. Trong trng hp ny, cn tun theo nhng yu cu sau: a) Kt cu phi c ta vo v tr theo d nh ca thit k sao cho c chuyn v t do; khng c cht ti ln kt cu ngoi d nh ca thit k, k c tr s phn lc do ti trng b tc ng; b) Vic nn p ln kt cu phi c thc hin mt cch nhp nhng; trnh t nh tng tao si thp cng cao (CC) phi tun theo ch dn ca thit k; c) Trc khi ct ct thp bng hi hn, phi lm sch mt ngoi thp cho n mt b t khng c vt b tng hoc cht bn khc bm vo ; vng ct ct thp b nung nng (sau khi ct) cng phi c lm sch. Khng cho php ct ct thp bng in hn; nn ct ct thp bng ca. 4.13. Mt ngoi cn neo v u cc b thp chu lc cn bc b-tng c chiu dy khng nh hn chiu dy tng bo h ca kt cu ch th. 4.14. Vic cng ko thanh thp CC bng phng php nhit in phi c tin hnh theo yu cu cu thit k, ph thuc biu cng ngh vch ra trong BVTC. 4.15. Vic kim tra cht lng mi ni ct thp khng chu lc phi c thc hin ph thuc chng loi thp v c ch dn trong n kt cu cng trnh. Phng php kim tra (ph hu hay khng ph hu mu) c quy nh trong thit k. Theo phng php khng ph hu mu, phi kim tra 100% cc mi ni hn cho chng loi thp u tin, 50% cho chng loi th hai v 15% cho chng loi th ba. Theo phng php ph hu mu, vic kim tra theo thit k quy nh vi s mu th ph thuc chng loi mi ni cn kim tra. 4.16. Nghim thu cng tc ct thp, gim st cht lng, khi lng v phng php kim tra ct thp, thc hin theo quy nh trong Bng 4.
Bng 4
Yu cu k thut (1) 1. Thi gian bo qun si thp CC, ct thp v cp thp ni che ph kn hoc trong nh khoi tng kim tra (2) 100% ct thp CC Phng php hoc cch thc kim tra (3) Dng my o m

20

khng qu 1 nm. m khng kh- khng c qu 75%. 2. sai lch cho php so vi thit k, tnh theo mm: Kch thc bao ngoi ca sn ct thp lin kt v li ct thp: - i vi ct , dm, bn v vm, 10. - i vi mng, 20. Khong cch gia cc thanh ct thp ring r hoc cc hng ct thp vi nhau theo chiu cao: - i vi kt cu c chiu dy trn 1m v kt cu mng, 20; - i vi dm, vm, bn, c chiu dy (theo mm): Trn 300l 10. T 100 n 300, 5 n 100, 3 Khong cch gia cc ct ai ca dm v ct, gia cc lin kt ca sn ct thp, l 10. Khong cch gia cc ct thp phn b trong mi hng, 25. V tr cc ct ai so vi trc kt cu (hng ng, hng ngang hoc xin), l 15. nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt Tng sn Tng thc o nt nt nt nt Tng sn Dng thc o

Bng 4 (tip theo)

(1) 3. Sai s cho php khi ch to, lp t v cng ko ct thp so vi tr s thit k: Chuyn v dc tng h u mt thanh ct thp, l 0,5mm cho mi 10m di ca b thanh. Cng ko t u neo cc si thp CCkhng thp hn tr s ni lc ko ca si. Lm 6 mu kim tra trc khi thi cng. Lp li vic kim tra ny khi dng n 10.000 neo, trong trng hp thay i Lm th nghim ko t o kim (2) Tng thanh ct thp (3) o kim tra theo mu

21

khun c v sa cha thit b cp gi neo Kch thc u neo, 0,2mm 4. Sai s (theo mm) khi kim tra chiu di ca hai u thanh chu ko: - Theo nhm thanh, l 10. - Theo th t, l 30. 5. Sai s (theo mm) v khong cch gia cc thp hoc thanh thp vi cc chi tit khc ca ct thp chu lc: Khi c li tnh theo thit k nh hn 60mm, l 5. Khi c li tnh theo thit k ln hn 60mm, l 10. 6. Sai s (theo mm) v v tr thit k ca neo trong b-tng khi cng ko ct thp v cp thp trn b: - mt u gn u dm, l 40. - mt gia, gn u dm l 60. - cc mt khc, i vi cc neo cn li, 200 (khi khong cch tnh nh nht gia cc neo l 100mm). 7. Sai s cho php khi kim tra chiu di L ca thanh ct thp (khong cch gia mt trt trong ca neo v u neo) l 0,001, trong phm vi + 50; -40mm. 8. knh ca mt ta (b cng trong phm vi t kch v neo), khng qu 1: 100. Tng kt cu neo o bng thc nt nt o bng thc nt nt nt Tng thanh ct thp o bng thc trn b cng hoc trn gi o bng thc trn b cng hoc trn gi nt nt nt o bng thc cp com pa

Tng b phn kt cu nt Tng ct thp

Mi thng kim tra mt ln, khi ko trn b v khi ko sau trn khi b-tng mi nt lin kt

o trc tip t trn b cng hoc trn gi

Bng 4 (tip theo)

(1) 9. chnh xc ca im t kch khi cng ko nhm ct thp tng ng vi lc tc dng ng u l 10mm. 10. Cng trc cp thp xon hoc bn i, ko vt 10% tr s ni lc kim tra, duy tr trong (2) Tng im t kch (3) o kim tra gc nghing v mt g gh theo mt phng ta o bng thc dt

Tt c cp thp

22

khong 5 pht. 11. Dung sai cho php (tnh theo %) v cc tr s cng ko ct thp bng kch (so vi ni lc kim tra): Ring r i vi ct thp cp thp, thanh hoc si thp khi ko: - Theo trnh t l 5 20% ct thp trong nhm Tng nhm Tng ct thp Chung tt c i vi ct thp, cp thp, thanh v si trong mt nhm, l 5. 12. Sai s v tr s dn di so vi thit k (theo %) Ring r i vi ct thp, cp thp, thanh v si thp, l 15 Trong mt nhm ct thp, cp thp, thanh v si, 10. 13. chnh xc khi o dn di n hi chu ko (theo mm) ca : - Ct thp dc l 0,1 - Ct thp ngang (ct ai) l 0,1 14. Tr s (%) cho php ca tng cc mt mt ng sut ko gy ra do ma st kch v phn ngm ca neo. - Vi neo kiu chn u c ng bc, l 5 (*) Ch khi xc nh ni lc kim tra o kim tra qua my p k v dn di bng my o tn s hoc my o ng tng t nt nt Tng thanh ct thp nt nt o bng dng c c chnh xc tng ng nt Tng nhm Tng ct thp o lc bng my o tn s hoc my o ng tng t o kim tra bng my p k v dn di nt nt o bng thc dt

- Theo nhm l 10

nt

- Vi neo hnh cn, 10(*)

nt

Bng 4 (tip theo)

(1) 15. Thi hn cho php tnh theo ngy m(**) h ct thp trong rnh, khng c bo v chng g, nhng cha c phun p va bn trong (khi m khng kh ca mi trng bn ngoi nh (2) (3)

23

hn 75%) - L 30, i vi thp si. Tt c cc ct thp Kim tra thi gian theo ng k (s nht k thi cng) nt nt

- L 15, i vi cp thp. - L 30, i vi thp thanh(to d ng lc bng nhit ).

nt nt

(*) - Tr s ny c th c xc nh qua th nghim. (**) - Cho php c thi hn cao hn quy nh ny ch trong trng hp p dng gii php c bit bo v ct thp tm thi khi b g. D c p dng gii php bo v ct thp tm thi, nhng i vi tt c ct thp chu lc h trong rnh khng c qu thi hn 3 thng. Tt c thi hn cho php c tnh tng ng m mi trng l 75%; nu m thc t ln hn, tt c thi hn cho php u phi rt ngn hn theo quan st hin trng.

Ghi ch :
1. Cc ct thp dng si, cp v thanh nu c sai lch v tr s lc cng ko vt qu gi tr quy nh trong bng ny, u phi cng ko li hoc thay th. 2. Cho php li trong kt cu khng qu 5% s lng ct thp trong tng s, s ct thp ny hoc ko qu n di 20% ni lc lm vic, hoc ko cha n ng sut chu ca si thp. 3. trit tiu dn n hi ca ct thp, tin hnh to ni lc trc bng 20% ni lc kim tra trong ct thp.

CNG TC B TNG

4.17. Vic sn xut v vn chuyn btng phi tun theo quy nh ca Kt cu btng v btng ct thp ton khi-quy phm thi cng v nghim thu do Nh nc ban hnh v cc quy nh ca Quy phm ny. Hn hp btng c sn xut trong my trn quay cng bc; cho php sn xut hn hp btng t nhuyn ln hn hoc bng 5cm bng my trn kiu trng lc, (o bng st t do). Va xi mng- ct c sn xut trong my trn va. Cho php sn xut va xi mng-ct trong my trn quay cng bc lm btng. 4.18. Cht ph gia cho va c a vo my trn ng thi vi vic a nc vo. Cht ph gia m c phi c ho sn cho long ra. Cc loi ph gia phi c ho trn sn trc khi vo my trn cc ct liu, theo ch dn ca hng ch to. 4.19. Thng cha, khi dng vn chuyn hn hp btng, cn phi c lm sch v thau ra sau mi ln cha hn hp; vic lm sch v thau ra thng cha khng c chm lu qu 30 pht.

24

4.20. Vic btng phi thc hin theo quy nh ca BVTC. Hn hp btng phi c vo vn khun thnh tng lp ngang, khng c gin on theo hng di chuyn t mt pha cho tt c cc lp. Khi din tch mt ct ngang ca kt cu btng tri di trn 4m hoc tri rng trn 3m, cho php v m nn hn hp btng theo cc lp xin, hnh thnh cc on ngang di 1,5 - 2m ca cc lp chng ln nhau. Gc xin theo mt phng nm ngang ca cc lp chng ln nhau khng c vt qu 300, trc khi tin hnh m nn. Sau khi v ri u hn hp btng theo tng lp trn sut b mt, mi tin hnh vic m nn btng theo tng on. 4.21. Hn hp btng c th c cung cp bng my bm hoc my nn kh cho mi hnh loi kt cu vi cng sut btng khng nh hn 6m3/gi, mc d c iu kin kh khn no v nhng ni mi phng tin c gii khng th qua li c. 4.22. Trc khi tin hnh m nn, tng lp hn hp btng phi c dn u trn b mt ngang ca kt cu. Chiu cao tri ln cc b so vi cao chung ca mt phng hn hp btng, trc khi m nn, khng c qu 10cm. Cm dng cc loi m rung san u v nh bng cc lp hn hp btng nm trong vn khun. Cc lp hn hp btng ch c tin hnh m nn sau khi dn tri v san u trn b mt . 4.23. Phn hn hp btng b mt mt trn dy chuyn v thit b btng vo kt cu phi c tnh b cho . Cm vic dng nc b vo phn hn hp b tiu hao trong qu trnh btng. 4.24. Lp hn hp btng sau phi c trong thi gian lp btng ri trc cha b ninh kt. Nu qu trnh btng b gin on vt qu thi gian bt u ninh kt ca lp hn hp btng trc, phi lm ngay vt ni thi cng. Lp btng vt ni ny phi t cng t nht l 1,2 MPa mi c tin hnh tip trn vt ni thi cng. Thi gian cho php tip hn hp btng sau ln gin on c xc nh qua mu trong phng th nghim, ng thi ph thuc vo phng php lm sch lp mng xi mng trn mt vt ni thi cng. V tr ca vt ni thi cng phi c quy nh theo BVTC. Nu khng c quy nh ring trong thit k th b dy ca lp btng tip sau khi t vt ni thi cng phi t t nht bng 25cm. Cc vt ni thi cng khng c t nhng on c nc chy qua, v nhng on ngp nc c cht n mn. 4.25. Hn hp btng cho mi lp ri hoc mi ln hon thin bng my rung, phi c m nn k sao cho c chc li mi ngng, khi vng bt xi mng ni ln trn mt v ch tip gip vi vn khun. 4.26. Cc loi thanh rung, x rung hoc my m bn ch c th dng thch hp vi kt cu btng; chiu dy mi lp hn hp btng c v m nn khng c qu 25cm. i vi kt cu BTCT, vic to rung ng mt ngoi c th p dng khi m nn lp btng mt trn v mt ngn cch. 4.27. Mt thong ca phn btng mi xong (k c khi tm ngng ) phi c bo m khi b mt nc, phi che y kn trnh nc ma ri thng vo. 25

Vic bo v mt thong ca btng mi xong phi c duy tr ngay trong sut thi gian cho n khi btng t cng khng nh hn 70% cng thit k. 4.28. Trong qu trnh hn hp btng phi m bo nguyn vn trng thi ca hnh dng kt cu, vn khun v dn gio . Khi pht hin c bin dng hoc c chuyn dch cc b kt cu vn khun, gio hoc ch lin kt, phi c gii php chnh sa ngay lp tc hoc trong trng hp cp bch, phi nh ch ngay vic thi cng khu vc xy ra. 4.29. Nhng yu cu k thut thi cng btng, khi lng v cch thc kim tra nghim thu cng tc btng, c quy nh theo Bng 5.
Bng 5
Yu cu k thut (1) 1. Ti v tr , hn hp btng phi m bo st theo thit k v khng sai khc qu 15%, cn ch s cng khng sai lch qu 10% so vi thit k. i tng kim tra (2) Khng t hn 2 ln cho mt hn hp, hoc c 2 gi kim tra 1 ln khi gp thi tit thay i, m thay i v khi thnh phn ct liu c bin ng. C 4 gi kim tra 1 ln vo ma ng; hoc 2 ln kim tra cho mt ca lm hn hp btng trong iu kin nhit khng kh thun tin. Tr s khng i trong qu trnh btng. Phng php hoc cch thc kim tra (3) Kim tra theo TCVN 4453 - 1995 v cn c vo s nht k thi cng.

2. Nhit ca ct liu hn hp btng khng c sai khc qu 20C so vi tr s tnh ton khi lm th nghim (nc v thnh phn hn hp khi cho vo my trn, hn hp btng hoc va khi ra khi my, hn hp btng hoc va ti v tr ). 3. Chiu dy mi lp hn hp btng khng c vt qu tr s sau:

Da vo nht k thi cng, dng nhit k o.

o v quan st

Bng 5 (tip theo)

(1)

(2) nt nt

(3) nt nt

40cm - khi m cht trn bn rung, rung hoc h rung n hi.

25cm

- khi cch m cht nh trn v kt cu c hnh dng phc tp, c ct thp b tr dy c.

26

n 10 cm - khi b tr u my m dc theo chiu di kt cu, my c gn cht v t cng vo thnh bn kt cu.

40cm - khi m cht bng my m di cm tay.

nt

nt

nt nt

nt nt

25 cm - khi dng my m bn hoc my rung trn x i vi kt cu btng khng c ct thp v c mt lp ct thp. - i vi kt cu c 2 lp ct thp

12cm

nt Cho tng kt cu

nt o v da vo nht k thi cng

4. Phn nh khi lng btng cho ton b kt cu nh sau:

Din

tch mi khi - khng qu 50m2. cao khi - khng qu 2m. nt nt

Chiu

B tr mi ni thi cng - nhng ch c tht hp. 5. Chiu cao (theo m) ri t do ca hn hp btng khng c ln hn tr s: 1 - khi vo kt cu btng c ct thp. 2 - khi cu kin BTCT c sn. 6. Khi vo kt cu btng khng c ct thp, vi iu kin m bo ng nht ca btng v tnh nguyn vn ca vn khun. nt Tr s khng i nt nt nt o v quan st nt nt

5. THI CNG NN V MNG

5.1. Cng tc thi cng nn v mng cn theo cc yu cu ca Tiu chun hin hnh, cc quy nh ca Qui phm ny v n thit k k thut, BVTC. 5.2. Trong trng hp thi cng cc dng mng khc nhau cn phi tun theo cc mc trongPhn 5 ca Quy phm ny, cho php tham kho cc ti liu c lin quan khc nh: a) S thi cng v v tr mng v b mng, cu to cc v h thng vng vy ngn nc km theo cc ch dn v sai s theo mt bng v chiu cao; b) Bng tin tng hp, s nht k ng cc, cc ng, v cc vn thp, nht k khoan v b tng vo l cc khoan nhi; c) Cc kt qu th ng cc ng (dng ba ng hoc ba rung); d) Cc kt qu nn tnh cc ng, cc ng hoc t nn mng (nu h s thi cng yu cu).
H CC V CC NG

27

5.3. Cc c ng h bng ba m bo su ngm thit k n chi nhng khng c nh hn 0,2 cm cho mt nht p, cn cc ng c h xung bng ba rung vi nng sut h rung giai on cui khng nh hn 5 cm/pht. Nu yu cu trn khng c kh nng t c, cn p dng phng php xi mi cc hoc t cc vo l khoan mi h cc n chi tnh ton, i vi cc ng p dng phng php o t pha di mi cc trc hoc dng ba rung loi ln hn. Cho php o t ct pha di mi cc trc t 1-2m, vi iu kin khi c p lc nc tha trong lng cc, tc l c ct nc trong lng cc cao trn 4-5m so vi cao trnh mt nc hoc cao trnh mch ngm. 5.4. su khoan mi cc bng 0,9 chiu su h cc trong t, cn ng knh l khoan mi bng 0,9 ng knh cc trn hoc 0,8 ng cho cc vung cng nh cc a gic, v c iu chnh theo kt qu h th cc. 5.5. Kt cu cc h xuyn qua tng dy l loi t cng, c thc hin bng cch dng mi khoan dn hng. Cho php ng cc trc tip qua lp st do mm hoc t st m khng c thnh phn t cng. 5.6. Sau khi h xong cc ng, cn ly ht t mn y lng cc, lm sch, nghim thu y cc (k c vic m rng mi cc) v t lng ct thp trong trng hp cn thit, sau btng nhi vo lng cc. Sau mi ln buc phi dng thi cng, cng vic btng nhi c th tip tc thc hin nu khong thi gian dng khng lm mt linh ng ca hn hp . Trong trng hp ngc li ch cho php tip tc cng vic khi c gii php m bo cht lng lin kt tt mt tip gip gia phn b tng mi v phn trc . 5.7. Vic y hn hp btng trong lng cc ng BTCT trong phm vi c du hiu thay i nhit do tc ng ca mi trng xung quanh (nc, khng kh, t) phi thc hin theo yu cu c bit c ch dn trong BVTC (la chn thnh phn hn hp, cch nhi btng, lm sch mt trong lng cc,...) cao trnh di phm vi mt on bng mt ln ng knh cc nhng khng nh hn 1m, m bo an ton cho cc c th hn ch s xut hin vt nt trong khi btng nhi. 5.8. Vic kim tra v nghim thu cht lng cng tc ng cc v cc ng qua cc a tng khc nhau phi tun theo yu cu k thut ghi trong Bng 6.
Bng 6
Yu cu k thut (1) 1. Sai lch cho php v mt bng tim cc v cc ng so vi thit k ti v tr y b hoc i cc: a) i vi cc vung, cc tam gic v cc c kch thc i tng kim tra (2) Phng php kim tra (3)

28

khng ln hn 0,6 m (tnh theo cnh cc vung, cnh nh cc tam gic, hoc ng knh cc trn) b mng ti ch hoc trn i cc, tnh theo tr s cnh hoc ng knh (m) nh sau: Khi cc b tr mt hng theo mt chnh cu: - Theo hng dc cu, khng vt qu 0,2 ca tr s. - Theo hng ngang cu, khng vt qu 0,3 ca tr s. Khi cc b tr hai hng hoc nhiu hn theo mt chnh cu: - i vi hng cc ngoi cng, dc cu, khng vt qu 0,2 ca tr s; - i vi hng cc gia, dc cu, khng vt qu 0,3 ca tr s; - Theo phng ngang cu, khng vt qu 0,4. b) i vi cc vung, cc tam gic v cc trn c kch thc khng ln hn 0,6 m sai lch cho php l 5 cm (khng ph thuc vo s lng cc) b mng kiu lp ghp hoc trn mt nn bt buc phi dng cc thit b nh hng (lng khung ct thp, khung dn hng, cn cu). c) i vi cc ng ng knh ln hn 0,6 m n 3 m, ng xin, tnh theo tr s ng knh (m) nh sau: Khng s dng thit b nh hng: - i vi cc n v cc b tr mt hng theo mt chnh cu, khng vt qu 0,1 ca tr s. - i vi cc b tr 2 hng hoc nhiu hn, khng vt qu 0,15 ca tr s. Khi c khung dn hng (khung nh v): - nu trn cn, khng vt qu 5 cm; - nu trn nc, su nc l H(m) khng vt qu 0,03H. 2. v dch cho php ca tim h khung dn hng so vi v tr tim cao trnh mt khung nh sau: - nu trn cn, l 2,5 cm; - nu trn nc su nc H(m), l 0,015H. nt nt nt nt Tng cc ng nt Cho tng cc ng nt Nghim thu nt nt nt nt nt nt nt Tng cc nt Nghim thu nt

Khi nghim thu nt

Bng 6 (tip theo)

(1) 3. sai lch ( gim nh) ca chiu su h cc v cc ng so vi tr s thit k (khi h cc vo t trn 4m, c (2) (3)

29

xt n xi cc b): a) Cc di n 10m (vi iu kin tnh kh nng chu theo t nn) l 25cm. Cc di trn 10m, l 50cm. b) Cc ng vi mi chiu di l 25 cm.
Ghi ch: 1. Sai s cho php ca cc cc (cc v cc ng) so vi n thit k, trong mt bng, c tnh ti mng v c tnh ngay trn cc tr khng c b ( btng ti ch) c coi nh ti cao trnh b mng hoc i cc. Cc tr s cho php v sai lch v tr so vi n thit k theo mt bng ca h cc nu trn bao gm c tr s chuyn v mt y b cc hoc i cc do c sai lch ca cc theo phng ng hoc do c thay i xin cc. Sai s cho php v thay i gc tang theo phng thng ng (so vi tr s thit k) ca cc cc xin khng c vt qu 200:1 khi b tr theo 1 hng v 100:1 khi b tr t hai hng tr ln. 2. i vi cc loi mng v cc tr c b hoc i cc ch to sn, c lin kt vo cc cc nh cc u ct thp dc th ra v lp y btng ti ch, sai lch cho php v v tr cc theo mt bng so vi thit k mt y b hoc i cc khng c ln hn 5cm. Trong trng hp b v i cc ch to sn, khi lp ghp vo h cc v cc ng, phi dng ni ghp kiu lin hp hn thp vi thp v bu lng lin kt, sai lch cho php trong trng hp ny c quy nh theo thit k. 3. S lng cc b sai lch khng vt qu 25% tng s cc i vi cc mng v tr c mt hng cc v 40%, i vi mng cc c hai hoc nhiu hng cc. 4. Khi s cc thc t b sai lch so vi thit k vt qu tr s gii hn cho php, vic chp thun kh nng dng li h cc ny phi c c quan t vn thit k mng hoc tr xem xt gii quyt.

Tng cc

Quan st o bng thc gn trn thn cc nt nt

nt nt

THI CNG CC KHOAN NHI

5.9. Cng tc thi cng cc khoan nhi cn theo cc yu cu ca Quy phm ny v tiu chun ngnh v Cc khoan nhi-Quy trnh thi cng v nghim thu. 5.10. Cho php s dng p lc ca ct nc hoc dung dch va st gi thnh vch l khoan thi cng cc khoan nhi; nu v tr l khoan cch cc ngi nh hoc cng trnh hin c nh hn 40m, cn la chn gii php thi cng thch hp m bo an ton n nh cho cc cng trnh ln cn . Trng hp to l cho cc khoan khng dng ng (ng thp, ng BTCT) gi vch l m dng gu ngom t (c bit i vi l cc c nc) cn phi hon chnh mt trong l cc khoan n ng knh thit k bng thit b ng doa hnh tr trn (ng chun lm c). 5.11. gi khng cho lng ct thp ca cc b y ln hoc dch chuyn trong qu trnh rt b tng vo l, cng nh trong mi trng hp b tr lng ct thp khng ht ton b chiu cao ca cc, cn phi c kt cu gng gi c nh lng thp theo ng v tr thit k. 5.12. Trng hp gp l khoan kh trong lp ct, l khoan c ng vch (ng thp hoc BTCT) cng nh l khoan khng c ng vch do xuyn qua a tng st v st ti v tr cao hn mc 30

nc ngm nhng khng xut hin lp ct hoc ct y l, cho php btng lng cc khng dng ng dn m rt t do cao ri khng qu 6m. Trng hp gp l khoan y nc, thi cng btng trong lng cc theo phng php rt ng theo chiu thng ng, c qui nh trong "Quy trnh thi cng btng di nc bng phng php va dng". 5.13. Cng tc kim tra, nghim thu cht lng thi cng cc khoan nhi phi tun theo yu cu k thut ghi trong Bng 7.
Bng 7
Sai s cho php (1) 1. sai lch cho php v v tr mt bng nh v v trc xin (tg ) ca cc khoan so vi thit k: (tnh theo tr s d - ng knh cc): - Khi b tr mt hng cc theo mt chnh cu: 0,04 d; 1:200 - trng hp thi cng trn nc. 0,02 d; 1:200 - trng hp trn cn. - Khi b tr hai hoc nhiu hng cc theo mt chnh cu: 0,1 d; 1:100 - trng hp thi cng trn nc. 0,05 d; 1:100 - trng hp thi cng trn cn. 2. Sai s cho php (tnh theo cm) v kch thc thc t ca l khoan v kch thc m rng bu y cc so vi thit k: 25 - theo chiu su l khoan ( cao trnh) 5 - theo ng knh l. 10 - theo chiu su ca on hnh tr m rng bu. Tng l khoan nt Tng on m rng Kim tra (o theo ch dn ca thit k mng cc) nt nt nt nt nt nt Tng cc Tng cc Nghim thu (o bng my thu bnh, ng di v thc dy) Nghim thu (o bng my thu bnh, ng di v thc dy) i tng Kim tra (2) Phng php kim tra (3)

Bng 7 (tip theo)

(1) 10 - theo ng knh m rng. 5 - theo chiu cao on hnh tr m rng. (2) nt nt (3) nt nt

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3. Sai s cho php (tnh theo cm) v v tr t lng ct thp trong lng cc khoan so vi thit k: 1 - theo v tr t ct thp dc vi nhau trn ton chu vi ca lng. 5 - theo chiu di thanh thp. 2 - theo c ly cc bc ai xon c. 10 - theo khong cch cc vng ai cng mt lng thp. 10 - theo khong cch cc con k to lp bo v ct thp. 1 - theo chiu cao con k. 2 - theo ng knh ca lng thp ti v tr t vng ai cng. 4. Sai s cho php v ch tiu va btng vi ln kim hnh chp 16-10cm, b-tng trong nc vo lng cc theo phng php rt ng theo chiu thng ng: 2 cm - theo tr s st. 2 % - theo tch nc. 5. Sai s cho php v ch tiu b tng lm cc khoan: Khng c vi phm v tnh lin tc trn ton chiu di cc + 20; - 5% cng btng 2 cc cho mt cu nt Kim tra bng thit b c chng v quan st Kim tra 6 mu t li khoan qua cc. Theo TCVN nt Theo TCVN nt nt nt nt nt nt nt Tng lng ct thp nt nt nt Kim tra (bng thc cun thp v thc dt) nt nt nt

CH TO V H GING CHM

5.14. i vi mi v tr c th, cn la chn cc gii php thi cng ch to ging chm ph hp vi kh nng k thut ca n v v m bo hiu qu kinh t cao, nh: ch to ngay trn v tr t mng (dn mt bng thi cng trc, to mt bng trn o p, lm sn cu cng tc c nh) hoc lm bn cnh v tr xy dng mng (lp cng a ring, lm trn h ni hoc sn cng tc); km theo cc gii php thi cng h ging chm vo su lng t : dng tc ng ca trng lng bn thn (thm ph ti xp-kch p nu cn; kt hp xi thnh bn; dng o va st ...) hoc dng dn ba rung h. 5.15. Trong qu trnh h ging n cao thit k, cn phi c gii php phng nga kh nng ging b nghing lch (dng kt cu hng dn, o t ng u theo mt bng y ging, cht ti cn bng trn ging trong trng hp dng ph ti cn bng trn ging trong trng hp dng 32

ph ti xp hoc kch p...) hoc b kt trong t (dng lp o va st, xi thu lc hoc kh nn, cht ti...). 5.16. phng nga kh nng ct tri xy ra lp y ging, phi m bo sao cho chn ging lun ngp su vo t t 0,5 n 1m, cn mc nc trong ging khng c thp hn mc nc bn ngoi. Nu gp trng hp ging b treo hoc khi cn y xa cc m ci nm kt di chn ging, ch cho php tin hnh cc thao tc trong iu kin lun c p lc nc d tha trn mt y ging bng cch y nc vo sao cho mc nc bn trong cao hn mt nc bn ngoi xung quanh ging t 4 n 5m. 5.17. Kim tra nghim thu cht lng ch to v h ging chm phi tun theo cc yu cu k thut ghi trong Bng 8.
Bng 8
Sai s cho php 1. sai lch cho php (tnh theo %) v kch thc mt ct ging so vi thit k: 0,5 - theo ng knh ngoi, nhng khng qu 10 cm. 0,5 - theo chiu di v chiu rng ca ging, nhng khng qu 12 cm. 1 - theo ng cho ca ging. 0,5 - theo ng bn knh trn quanh ging, nhng khng qu 6 cm. 2. sai lch cho php (tnh theo cm) v chiu dy thnh ging so vi thit k: 3 - nu l btng; 1 - nu l btng ct thp. 3. sai lch cho php v v tr h ging so vi thit k: Theo chuyn v ngang mt trn ca ging l ... 0,01 ca su h ging. Theo phng thng ng l ... 1% ca nghing. Theo su h ging l ... 30 cm. nt Tng ging nt o bng my kinh v v thc o bng qu di v thc nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt Tng ging o bng thc i tng kim tra Phng php kim tra

THI CNG MNG NNG

5.18. Khng cho php c s gin on gia hon thnh thi cng h o vi xy dng kt cu mng. Trong trng hp phi gin on cng vic trn, cn c gii php m bo c tnh t nhin ca t nn ti . Lp y h o gn n cao thit k (khong 5 - 10 cm) cn c sa dn sch mt trc khi thi cng mng. 5.19. Trc khi thi cng mng phi hon thnh vic a nc mt v nc ngm ra khi h o (o rnh hoc m ng thot nc ngm, h mc nc ngm...) cn c la chn ph hp 33

vi iu kin ti ch v c s chp thun ca t chc t vn thit k. Trong trng hp ny, cn c gii php khng cho t bn ng di y h o v khng lm ph hu c tnh t nhin ca t nn ti . 5.20. Trc khi thi cng mng cng trnh cn phi lp bin bn nghim thu h o vi s tham gia ca Ch cng trnh, T vn gim st v Nh thu; trong trng hp c bit phi c s tham gia ca c quan T vn thit k v n v o c. Hi ng nghim thu cn cn c vo h s thit k mng: V tr, kch thc, cao y mng, hin trng ca nn v c tnh ca t nn, cng nh kh nng t mng theo thit k hoc thay i cao trnh mng. Vic tin hnh kim tra nn t mng khng c lm tn hi c tnh t nhin ca t ti ; khi cn thit, ngoi vic ly mu lm th nghim trong phng, c th thm d hoc p th trn nn t. Nu Hi ng nghim thu thy c trng ca t nn theo thc t khc vi thit k th cn phi xem xt n BVTC; vic tip tc thi cng phi c c quan T vn thit k v Ch cng trnh quyt nh sau khi i chiu v tnh ton li. 5.21. Cc kt cu c sn dng thi cng mng nng phi c t trn mt lp m ct, dm hoc ct xi mng c dy khng nh hn 5 cm (i vi t nn st) v c m cht san phng mt cch cn thn. Trong trng hp nn c ch lm cc b th phi p b t cng loi m bo mt nn phng v cht. 5.22. Vic kim tra nghim thu cht lng thi cng phi tun theo cc yu cu k thut ghi trong Bng 9.
Bng 9
Sai s cho php Sai s cho php (tnh theo cm) v kch thc thc t v v tr b tng mng - b mng ti ch (hoc lp ghp) so vi n thit k: 5 ( 2 ) - Theo kch thc mt bng. + 2; - 5 ( + 1; - 0,5 ) - Theo chiu dy lp bo v. 2 ( 1 ) - Theo cao trnh nh (mp) mng hoc b. 2,5 (1) - Theo v tr mt bng so vi tim cu Tng mng v b Tng mng v b o bng my kinh v v thc di o bng my kinh v v thc di nt nt i tng kim tra Phng php kim tra

nt nt

Ghi ch: Tr s ghi trong du ngoc trn bng tng ng vi mng v b lp ghp.

Trong qu trnh thi cng mng nng, cn kim tra:

34

Phn t phi dn ht trong h o, cu trc ca t nn khng cho php b xo trn hay b hu hoi; Cu trc ca t khng cho php b hu hoi trong thi gian ht dn, chun b mt nn v lp t cc khi mng c sn; Gi cho t trong h o khi b ngp nc d lm lp trn mt nn b nho v xi mn; c trng ca t nn thc c so vi thit k; Tnh y ca cc gii php p dng bo v t nn khi b bin tnh trong thi gian h o h l ra v cho n khi hon thnh xy mng; su v kch thc thc t ca mng, cng nh v cu to v cht lng vt liu lm mng, so vi thit k.
6. THI CNG CU CNG B TNG V B TNG CT THP 6.1. Khi xy dng cu cng BT v BTCT phi tun theo cc iu quy nh ca tiu chun Nh

nc v Kt cu btng v btng ct thp- Quy phm thi cng v nghim thu, tiu chun ngnh v Quy trnh thi cng v nghim thu cu btng d ng lc, ngoi ra, phi tun theo cc yu cu k thut nu trong Quy phm ny.
6.2. Trong giai on thi cng lp hng, kch y, lao ko, ch ni kt cu nhp dm, nh thu

xy dng phi c trch nhim lp trc cc bc cng ngh thi cng trin khai thc hin.
6.3. Vic lp t cc kt cu c sn ch c php bt u sau khi kim tra bng my v

cao v v tr mt bng ca m tr, mng, v cc thit b ph tm thi cng, cng nh cc cng vic o c nh v xc nh v tr lp t kt cu theo thit k, kt qu kim tra c ghi vo bin bn. Trc khi lp kt cu nhp trn cc tr m phi xp t sn cc gi theo ng tim cu. Qu trnh lp t kt cu, t khi ghp ni cu kin cho n khi xong ton b, phi thng xuyn theo di v kim tra bng my. Ni dung kim tra gm: chnh xc v v tr cc on hoc khi lp, trng khp mt tip gip, cc chi tit k m, cc khoang trng, cc rnh ng lun v cc chi tit kt cu ti mt ni ghp v mi lin kt.
6.4. Sau mi khoang ch to xong (hoc mi khi lp) ca kt cu nhp, u phi dng trc c

kim tra v tr khoang lp theo mt bng v mt ct dc. Khi dng trc c kim tra, phi theo di ln ca tr trong qu trnh thi cng, cn trong trng hp cn thit, phi xt tnh n nh hng ca bin dng tc thi do c gia nhit khng u ln kt cu. Trong qu trnh lao ko dc (hoc sng ngang) kt cu nhp trn h con ln phi tin hnh kim tra thng xuyn bng trc c v v tr tim nhp cu v cc tr (k c tr tm). Tin hnh kim tra trng thi ng sut trong kt cu khi c ch nh ca thit k.
6.5. Khi thi cng lp t kt cu cu phi p ng cc yu cu c bn sau:

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a) Cn cu thi cng t ti v tr c xc nh trong BVTC v b tr ngoi thc a. Cm vic ngm gi my cu vo kt cu ang lp rp, cm vic neo gi v tho h khi lp nhng v tr cha c xem xt trong thit k TCXD; b) Vic h kt cu nhp xung sn o, vic tho d sn o, cho kt cu nhp ta vo con ln v vic iu chnh tr s phn lc gi ta hoc tr s ng sut u phi tun theo cc yu cu k thut nu trong h s thi cng; c) Vic lp t khi th ln t cu kin phng dng phin (bn) c thc hin bng cch dng gi dn hng hoc kt cu khc tng t, m bo chnh xc v hnh dng khi cng nh mt ct dc - ngang khi th, m bo ng dy ca lp tip gip cc cu kin; d) Ch tin hnh tho b hoc tng cng cc b phn lin kt khi khng xut hin ni lc ph trong cc b phn .
6.6. Tt c cc cu kin v cc ph kin trc khi lp t thnh khi ln phi c kim tra

k. Nu pht hin c sai st, Hi ng nghim thu bn bc c gii php khc phc. Trn cc cu kin dn tri ra lp rp cn phi ghi r mt ngoi: danh s v trng lng m hng, im trng tm ca cu kin v tr mc cu cng nh ng tim kim tra v tr t mc o c.
6.7. B mt tip gip ca cu kin nhp cu BTCT, trc khi chuyn vo v tr lp hoc trc

khi ghp thnh khi th, cn phi lm sch bng phng php phun ct hoc bng bn chi. Khng c dng cc dng c no p hoc bm vo mt tip gip. Vic lm sch b mt tip gip ca cu kin phi c thc hin k lng v c nghim thu cn thn.
6.8. Ti cc b mt tip gip (mt cu) ca cc t ng cng BTCT c sn nu b st v do b

c st vi mc cu, trc khi lp t, phi c sa cha v trt va btng lin mt nh ban u; khng c dng dng c c khot vo thn cng hoc khng c k t cho t cng b un vng.
6.9. Khi s dng cc phng tin chuyn ch ta v ghm cc cu kin cn phi ch

khng pht sinh bin dng d trong kt cu; mt u cc khi lp ghp ni theo chiu di kt cu v cc mt chng thm phi c bo v khi b st v. Vic vn chuyn cc loi dm kh ln, cc cu kin c sn ca kt cu nhp v m tr, cng nh cc cu kin BTDL, phi c thc hin theo ng cc yu cu c bit nu trong BVTC hoc cc yu cu k thut quy nh trong cc tiu chun ca Nh nc v ngnh GTVT; nu vn chuyn trn sng, phi tun theo ch dn ca c quan qun l ng sng. Vic xp t cc cu kin ln phng tin vn chuyn phi m bo neo chng chc chn, trnh c tc ng ca lc gi, lc xung kch v lc ly tm. Trong trng hp cn thit phi bo m xp t hng trong khun kh nht nh c th xoay chuyn d dng khi phng tin i 36

vo ng cong; trng hp cu kin di chuyn ch trn xe moc, mt u ca cu kin phi trn mt ta sao cho d di ng; nu l phng tin ch ni, phi m bo n nh v thng bng khi di chuyn.
6.10. Cc cu kin phi xp vo kho cn p ng cc yu cu v bo qun

nh sau: - Khng c qung nm hng ln cc phng tin vn chuyn; - Gi gn cc cu kin khng b h hng do dy buc hoc cc chi tit kp gi khc. - Khng c t cc khi lp BTCT ln cc con k. Cc loi gi cu cao su v cc b phn khe co dn mt cu phi c bo v trnh tc ng ca nh sng mt tri, phi cch cc thit b sy t nht l 1 m, trnh mi tc ng ca du la v cc ho cht khc gy ph hu cao su.
LP T CC MI NI THI CNG CU 6.11. Cc ct thp ch v tm lt phi c hn ghp li sau khi ghm gi cc cu kin c

sn ng v tr thit k. Trnh t thao tc hn phi thc hin theo ch dn ca thit k, theo cc yu cu ca Tiu chun ngnh Cu thp v kt cu thp- quy trnh thi cng v nghim thu v bo m gim nh nht tr s ng sut ph pht sinh do hn. Khi chnh sa cc u ni cn ch loi tr cc vt nt gy thp v khng lm vo tng bo h btng. Cng tc btng mi ni ch c thc hin sau khi nghim thu mi hn v t ct thp, cng nh khc phc cc sai st pht sinh. Ti nhng mi ni m ct thp ch khng s dng hn hoc ti cc chi tit m lt, ch c thc hin btng sau khi hon thnh cng vic chnh sa mi ni v c nh cc cu kin c sn vo ng v tr ni ghp theo thit k. Cc mi ni dc gia cc phin dm (bn dm) v cc mi ni ngang ca nhp dm gin n c thc hin btng sau khi h dm vo gi cu chnh thc. Trnh t btng ti cc mi ni trn nhp dm lin tc hoc lin tc nhit c tin hnh theo n BVTC ring.
6.12. Ti cc mi ni trn mt cu, trc khi btng hoc va, phi c ra sch v gi

m t. Hn hp btng (va) c vo mi ni mt cch lin tc v c m nn cn thn. Mt l ra ngoi ca btng (va) phi c m nn tht bng phng ngang u vi kt cu cn c ni ghp v trnh khi b bc hi nc trong thi gian bo dng (ph lp gi m, ri vt liu ngn cch nh nng..)

37

6.13. Hn hp cht keo dng vo mi ni phi c lm th nghim trc trong phng th

nghim kim tra cht lng ca thnh phn vt liu. Khi cn thit, phi kim tra Moduyn n hi v h s Poatsng ca keo. D vi hp cht keo tng ng theo yu cu ca thit k nh vy, nhng vn phi kim tra thm sc chu ct ca mi ni keo qua mu th nghim (mu keo hnh lp phng). i vi cc mi ni btng dng keo dn, phi chn thnh phn cu t thch hp vi iu kin ngoi tri thay i, khi ng rn khng phi dng cch sy nng kao dn trong mi ni.
6.14. Khi thi cng mi ni, keo c ph u ln hai mt ca kt cu btng cn ni ghp.

Khng c l keo chy tri trn mt ng ca kt cu v to dy lp ph keo thch hp, c mi ni keo kht cht khi nn bng trc p n gin ng vin chu vi. Mi ni keo c nn p trc tip sau khi bi keo ln b mt b-tng cn ni ghp trong mt thi gian ngn tu thuc c tnh cng ngh v bm dnh ca keo. tin hnh nn p mi ni keo, nn p dng mt s ct thp trung gian to ng sut hoc dng thit b chuyn dng, to nn lc nn p u trn ton mt ct ca mi ni keo t tr s ng sut 0,05- 0,2 MPa (0,5- 2 kGl/cm2). Trong trng hp cn phi iu chnh mt ct dc v v tr ca kt cu lp t trong mt bng, c s tho thun ca c quan thit k, cho php b sung khng qu 15% khi lng keo lm lp chm iu chnh kt cu, nhng chiu dy ln nht mi ni khng qu 5mm. Trong trng hp dng keo ni ghp cc cu kin ca m tr theo chiu cao, cho php bi keo ln mt mt ca mi ni v keo c nn p ngay trong qu trnh lp t dn cc khi lp ln cao.
6.15. Trong qu trnh v sau khi kt thc thi cng lp ghp kt cu (trc khi tho d vn

khun, cht ti tm thi hoc kt thc vic cht ti) cn phi kim tra cng bn ca mi ni v i chiu vi thit k theo tng giai on thi cng. Mi trng hp thay i thnh phn hp cht, vt liu lm mi ni v thnh phn keo, cn phi ghi chp y vo s nht k thi cng.
6.16. Yu cu k thut thc hin cc mi ni thi cng cu, khi lng v phng php hoc

cch thc kim tra nghim thu trong qu trnh thi cng, c quy nh theo Bng 10.
Bng 10
Yu cu k thut (1) 1. sai lch cho php v v tr tng quan cc cu kin BTCT c sn, lin kt bng mi ni va btng: i tng kim tra (2) Phng php hoc cch thc kim tra (3)

38

a) Sai lch mp ngoi ca cc cu kin ni gn nhau: 5mm. b) Nghing lch ca ng tim tr ng c chiu cao H (m) so vi v tr thit k mt ct nh tr:

Cc lin kt

o bng thc dt, my ton c hoc th di.

Khi H < 4,5m, l 10mm;

Cc tr ng

o kim tra bng my ton c hoc th di.

Khi H = 4,5m -15m, l 15; khi H > 15m, l 0,001 H nhng khng ln hn 35mm. c) Sai lch v cao trnh nh tr, ct ng, tr khung l 10mm. d) Sai s v chiu dy khe ni gia cc cu kin c sn: - Vi khe ni hp, dy t 20 n 30mm l 10mm. - Vi khe ni rng, dy t 70mm tr ln, l 20mm. 2. Dung sai cho php v cc ch tiu hn hp btng v va lm mi ni: a) T l nc: xi mng - Vi hn hp btng l 0,35-0,5; - Vi va, khng ln hn 0,45.

nt nt Cc kt cu Cc khe ni

nt nt o my thu bnh o bng thc dt

nt 100%

nt Kim tra theo TCVN

Bng 10 (tip theo)

(1) b) st - Vi hn hp btng l 4-5 cm; - Vi va, khng ln hn 8 cm. 3. Cng cho php ca b-tng v va khi lm mi ni; a) Trong thi gian nn p trong khun dn khi lin kt tm thi v tho d vn khun, khng nh hn 15 MPa (150 kGl/cm2). (2) nt (3) nt

39

b) Trc khi tho d ti trng thi cng hoc ti trng khai thc, cng phi t tng ng tr s quy nh ca thit k i vi tng giai on thi cng. 4. Cc ch tiu cho php v lin kt cc cu kin c sn bng keo: a) i vi mi ni dn keo cht kht c chiu dy trung bnh (chn khng t hn 4 im o theo chu vi mi ni) khng c ln hn 3mm. Chiu dy ln nht ca mi ni keo nhng im o cc b theo chu vi, cho php khng ln hn 5mm. b) Mduyn n hi ca keo 1500 Mpa (15000 kGl/cm2). c) H s Potsng 0,25. 5. lu ho ca keo (tnh theo gi): Theo cng ngh (thi gian bi keo ln b mt cn dn), khng t hn 1 gi. Tng mi ni Quan st, kim tra bng thc cp hoc thc dt chnh xc.

Tng m phi trn keo nt Tng t 20 pht mt ln

Quan st, kim tra mu 2 x 2 x 8 cm khi tng ng sut 0,2 - 0,4 MPa/s nt Quan st, kim tra s xut hin dng chy t qung ca keo khi nhng a thu tinh hay inh vo . Quan st, kim tra dnh bm ca keo qua gng tay.

Theo tnh ho cng (thi gian cu kin c th dnh cht vo nhau khi p) khng t hn 4 gi.

Tng t qua mi gi

PHUN P V LP Y TRONG NG RNH 6.17. Vic phun p va xi mng ct vo ng kn v lp y vo rnh h phi do i th chuyn

nghip thc hin. Vic phun p vo ng kn v lp vo rnh h c tin hnh sau khi kt cu lp t xong v a trc tip cc b thp cng cao hoc ton b ct thp d ng lc vo trong kt cu. Nu khong thi gian t lc ko xong ct thp n khi phun lp va vo ng rnh vt qu thi hn quy nh ghi trong Mc 15 Bng 4 th phi c gii php tm thi bo v ct thp khi b g (dng np hoc ng chp kn ln u neo, lm l thot khi m y di ca u neo, nh k a lung kh nng kh vo rnh, dng cht c ch tm thi to mng ph ln ct thp trong ng kn, hoc c th dng xi mng-cadein bc tm thi ln ct thp t trong rnh h...).
6.18. Dung dch va phun p phi c ch bin sn v nho trn trn my chuyn dng cho

nhuyn bm vo kt cu. Khng c trn va phun p bng phng php th cng.

40

6.19. Trc khi bt u phun p va vo ng khng qu mt ngy, phi bm y nc vo

xc nh kn ca ng. Nhng ch r r pht hin thy v mp vin ng phi c bt kn ngay sau khi y nc ra khi ng. ng thi dng ng chp lm sn y kht ln neo, nu cu to neo khng c sn cc nt y l bm ny. Trong trng hp ng khng c kn n mc nh hng n cht lng phun p, Hi ng nghim thu phi a ra gii php khc phc, c s tham gia ca i din c quan T vn thit k.
6.20. Dung dch va c tin hnh phun p vo trong ng, sau khi bm y nc vo ng

ny. Khi cc v tr neo ct thp d ng lc t cc cao khc nhau, vic bm y va phi bt u t cc neo nm pha di trc. Phun p va vo ng c tin hnh lin tc. Trong trng hp hnh thnh Nt bt ng ng, dng nc bm ra lng ng v phun p va mi thay th. Sau khi ng kn no va cn nt cht l bm va ninh kt tt. i vi nhng ng c on cong xin hai u, tin hnh nn p va qua ng ni gn vo c 2 u neo. Trong qu trnh phun p va vo ng, va c bm t mt pha u neo sang u neo i din l hon tt vic phun p.
6.21. Vic phun p va vo nhng ng t thng ng theo chiu cao ca thn m tr c

thc hin theo tng tng cao 20-25m mt on, tng ng vi tng on ct thp to d ng lc t theo chiu cao ca thn m tr nh thit k quy nh. Phn trn ca cc tng t ng (khng k tng trn cng) trong thn m tr u c lp ng ni va thot ra khi bm vo lng ng, va lp tip on ng cho tng trn v bm va tip vo. T vic bt u phun p va vo ng tng di cng ln n tng trn cng theo chiu cao ca thn m tr, ch tin hnh trong thi gian khng qu 5 gi. Ring phn va trong ng ca tng trn cng phi c nn p cht. Trc khi lp y va (btng) vo rnh h, hai bn vch ca rnh v cc ct thp cng d ng lc phi c lm sch v thi kh kh. Va (btng) lp y vo rnh phi c m nn cn thn. Trng hp ct thp d ng lc c xp thnh b v t vo mt s hng rnh h, vic lp va phi tun theo ch dn ca BVTC. Trn b mt btng lp rnh c ph lp chng thm nc gm mt s mng ngn p li, hoc lp ph bao ti, bo dng m 2-3 ln trong ngy v duy tr trong vng 2 tun l.
6.22. Khi phun p vo ng kn v lp y trong rnh h, phi tin hnh kim tra thng xuyn

cht lng cung cp va (btng) v qu trnh p () va (btng), kt qu kim tra phi ghi vo s nht k thi cng.

41

6.23. Nhng yu cu k thut khi thi cng phun p v lp y trong ng rnh, khi lng cng

vic kim tra nghim thu cng nh phng php v cch thc kim tra, c quy nh theo Bng 11.
Bng 11
Yu cu k thut 1. Cc ch tiu c trng ca va bm. (1) a) Tnh lu ng: ngay sau khi va sn xut ra, l 40 2 giy. Va sn xut ra sau 60 pht, l 80 5. b) co ngt (gim th tch) khng qu 2%. c) Cng t c sau 7 ngy khng nh hn 20 MPa (200 kGl/cm2) v sau 28 ngy, khng nh hn 30 MPa (300 kGl/cm2). 2. Vt liu va bm: a) Xi mng poclng (lm btng cu cng) mc 400 hoc cao hn. b) Cht ph gia ho do. Khi phi trn vt liu nt Kim tra theo TCVN nt v kt qu trong phng th nghim 3. Cng ngh phun p: a) p lc lm vic ca my bm va 0,5 - 1 MPa (5-10 kGl/cm2). b) Tc lp y va vo ng rnh khng ln qu 3m/pht. c) Nn p va trong ng 0,6 0,05 MPa (6 0,5 kGl/cm2). d) Thi gian nn p, 5 2 pht. e) ng knh l u vi bm khng nh hn 14mm. Trong qu trnh bm nt Qua my p lc k Theo di tng gi (2) Khi c s thay i kp th iu kin vt liu v cng ngh bm nt (3) Theo TCVN, kim tra qua mu 10x10x10cm Theo TCVN Kim tra trn mu nn th 10x10x10cm (theo TCVN) i tng kim tra Phng php hoc cch thc kim tra

Trong qu trnh bm nt Trc khi bt u thi cng

Kim tra bng p lc k Quan st trn ng h o bng thc cp

Bng 11 (tip theo)

(1) g) ng knh l u neo hoc kt cu tip nhn va bm vo, khng nh hn 16mm. (2) nt (3) nt

42

4. Vt liu btng (va) dng lp y rnh h: Xi mng poclng mc 500 hoc cao hn 5. tch nc ca btng (va) trong 24 gi khng ln hn 2% th tch Khi la chn thnh phn btng hoc va Khi la chn thnh phn btng hoc va Theo TCVN Theo TCVN

Ghi ch:
Trng hp ng rnh bng kim loi hoc bng nha tng hp, vic phun p v lp y va c t l N/X ln hn 0,4 c tin hnh bt k ma kh hu trong nm.

NHNG C IM THI CNG KT CU B-TNG TON KHI 6.24. Khi la chn loi hnh vn khun phi tun theo cc yu cu quy nh ca Tiu chun

ngnh "Quy trnh thit k cc cng trnh v thit b ph tr thi cng cu".
6.25. Khi la chn gia cng vn khun dng btng v btng ct thp lm m tr cu,

cn phi xem xt nhng im sau: - Tnh bin dng ca vn khun v b t (i vi kt cu d ng lc) di tc dng ca ni lc nn p; - Nhng u gc vung v gc nhn ca kt cu btng phi gia cng vn khun vut thnh gc trn bn knh 20mm, hoc phi vt mp theo kch thc khng nh hn 10x10mm (nu trong bn v thit k khng c ch dn khc); - dc mt bn vn khun ca khi nguyn th l 1 : 20.
6.26. Cng tc nghim thu vn khun nh hnh, ch to sn trong xng, phi tun theo cc

yu cu ca nh my ch to.
6.27. Mi cng tc chun b btng vo vn khun u phi c ghi nhn vo bin bn

cng tc.
6.28. B mt vn khun tip xc vi btng phi c ph lp chng dnh trc khi . Cht

chng dnh c ph kn mt lp mng ln b mt vn khun c lm sch cn thn. B mt vn khun sau khi c ph lp chng dnh cn phi gi khng dy bn, nc ma v nh nng mt tri. Khng cho php lm dy cht chng dnh vo ct thp v cc chi tit k m. Khng cho php s dng cht chng dnh trong c thnh phn gy tc ng xu cho btng. Khng cho php s dng cht hn tp du m thi cng nghip lm cht chng dnh.
6.29. Cc yu cu k thut cn phi p ng trong gia cng ch to v lp t vn khun, khi

lng cng tc kim tra nghim thu cng nh cch thc kim tra, c quy nh theo Bng 12. 43

Kt cu vn khun v cc bo m theo ng kch thc ca cc b phn cu (c tnh n vng thi cng) nh trong bn v thit k.
Bng 12
Yu cu k thut (1) 1. Sai s cho php v v tr v kch thc lp t vn khun tun theo Tiu chun Vit Nam v Tiu chun ngnh v kt cu btng v btng ct thp ton khi. 2. Sai s cho php v khong cch. Gia cc gi ta vn khun ca kt cu chu un v gia cc im lin kt ca kt cu b t thng ng so vi kch thc thit k, l 25mm- theo 1m chiu di. Khng ln hn 75mm- theo ton di. Vnh phng trn mt phng thng ng hoc mt nghing ca vn khun theo thit k, gia cc ng giao ct, l: 5mm - theo 1m chiu cao. 20mm - theo ton chiu cao ca mng. 10mm - theo ton chiu cao n 5m ca thn tr v ct. 3. Sai lch cho php v v tr tim vn khun so vi thit k l: 15mm - i vi mng. 8mm - i vi thn tr v mng kiu ct kt cu thp. 4. Sai lch ca khung t kch vi ng tim ca kch theo ng thng ng: khng cho php c sai lch. 5. chnh cao ln nht cho php ca dm gnh khung t kch, l 10mm. 6. cn cho php ca vn khun trt vi mi cnh bn l + 4 v -2 tnh theo 1 m chiu cao. Tng ng tim im kch hoc b t o bng thc v th di Tng ng tim o bng thc cun Tng khong cch o bng thc cun i tng kim tra (2) Mi kt cu vn khun, kim tra trong qu trnh lp. Cch thc kim tra (3) o bng my kinh v, i chiu mc cao c v o bng thc cun

Tng mt phng

o bng thc dt v dy di

Cao mi dm gnh Tng vn khun trt

o bng my thu bnh o bng th di

Bng 12 (tip theo)

(1) 7. cn ngc: khng cho php. (2) nt (3) nt

44

8. Khong cch cho php gia kch v khung t (khng k trng hp khong cch gia cc khung t tu ) l 10mm. 9. Sai lch cho php v ng tim: - ca kch so vi ng tim kt cu l 2mm; - ca vn khun c hon v hoc xp t li, so vi ng tim ca cng trnh, l 10mm. 10. Sai lch cho php v khong cch gia cc mt trong vn khun so vi kch thc thit k, l 5mm. 11. g gh cc b cho php ca vn khun l 3mm.

Theo thit k

o bng thc cun

Tng ng tim nt

nt nt

Tng vn khun

o trn vn khun hoc sn phm kt cu u tin Quan st bn ngoi v kim tra bng thc 2m.

nt

6.30. Hn hp btng khi vo trong thn tr kiu lp ghp theo tng tng phi c ri u

theo chu vi ca thn tr v m nn k trn ton b din tch theo tng tng , nht l gn cc v tr ni thng ng v cc khe lm ca khi. Vt ni thi cng gia cc tng ring r phi nm cch mt trn ca tng khi lp bao quanh v phi di l 20-30cm, nhng khng c ln hn mt na chiu cao ca khi lp bao quanh. Qu trnh btng cc khi lp phi ghm gi cht gia cc lin kt cng vi nhau; nhng mp ni ghp no b h cn c trt kn li.
6.31. Ti phn thn tr m tip xc thng xuyn vi mc nc thay i cao thp trong ngy,

hn hp btng kt cu thn tr hoc btng trong lng ct ng, trong phm vi ny, phi c thm cht ph gia chng n mn do mi trng; st ca hn hp phi t trong khong 2-4cm
theo phng php o hnh chp ct.

Trc khi hn hp btng vo trong lng ct ng theo phng php di nc, b mt btng c trc phi lm sch mn t v lp xp ph bn trn.
6.32. Khi thi cng kt cu nhp theo phng php c hng, vic btng tng on hng

phi c tin hnh lin tc v khng c c vt ni thi cng on btng tip sau ch c tin hnh sau khi phn btng trc t cng theo ch dn ca thit k.
6.33. Nhng yu cu k thut phi thc hin khi tin hnh btng kt cu ton khi, khi

lng v cch thc kim tra, theo quy nh ca Bng 13.

Bng 13
Yu cu k thut 1. Cng btng cho php t: i tng kim tra Trc khi bt u Cch thc kim tra Theo TCVN v TCN

45

- Ca lp bt y trong lng mng ging hoc trong h mng trc khi tin hnh ht nc, khng nh hn 2,5 MPa (25 kGl/cm2); - Ca phn kt cu thi im b ngp nc, khng nh hn 2,5 MPa (25 kGl/cm2); - Ca phn nm trong lng ct ng, theo phng php trong nc, trc khi lm sch mn v btng xp trn mt, khng nh hn 2,5 MPa (25kGl/cm2). 2. Nhit cho php: ca kh quyn khi btng vo lng kt cu thn tr ton khi lp ghp, khng thp hn 150C.

ht nc ra

Trc khi b ngp nc Trc khi bt u btng tip

nt o ti ch v ghi vo s

C 4 gi mt ln

o ti ch

XY LP MNG V M TR 6.34. Cc khi lp m tr phi c t ng cao trnh v theo ng ng th di bng cc

tm nm iu chnh. Mi tng khi lp thn m tr khng cao qu 5m, mt trn ca tng di ng thi l nn ca tng trn phi c o c cao trnh v i chiu vi sai s cho php. Khi thc hin thi cng cc mi ni ghp cc khi lp, phi ch trt kn cc khe l h c th gy mt va. Va btng xi mng ct dng trt kn phi c st trong khong 6-9cm.
6.35. Mt ngoi ca cc mi ni ghp khi lp theo vin bao quanh phi c trt kn bng

va xi mng ct kh t cng 30 MPa (300 kGl/cm2) v bo qun trnh b nt. Mi ni theo vin bao quanh phi c lm phng mn, cht, dnh kt tt vi btng. Khng dng keo dn lm mi ni theo vin bao quanh ny.
6.36. Khi thi cng kt cu c sn ca m tr cu dng ct (nh cu vt cao), phn ca

thn ct phi c gi cht tm thi nh b g dng chuyn dng bng thp hoc kt cu dn hng. ng lt ct dng nm chn gi phi c a vo n mt na chiu su ca bo m sao cho c th btng lin khi cho ct chn v rt nm chn ra. Trong mi trng hp phi
c bin php khng cho nc chy vo ng lt ct v mng.
6.37. Trc khi xp t cc khi lp thn m tr v mng, phi gi gn cc khi ny khng b

bn.
6.38. Cc yu cu k thut cn phi tun th khi thi cng mng v m tr, khi lng cng tc

v cch thc kim tra, c quy nh theo Bng 14.

Bng 14
Yu cu k thut i tng kim tra Cch thc kim tra

46

1. lch dch cho php: Cc mp bin ca khi lp c sn lin k lm thn m tr l 5mm. 2. Sai s cho php: - V chiu dy khe ni "t" thn m tr, to thnh t cc mp ca khi lp, l 5mm. - V ng tim cc khi lp mng v m tr, lin kt bng cc khe ni "t" l 5mm - theo chiu cao l 10mm - theo cc kch thc khc cn li 3. dy cho php ca mi ni thn m tr bng cc khi lp, vi mi ni l keo dn, tun theo im 4-5 ca Bng 9. 4. Sai lch cho php ca cc ng tim to thnh theo chiu cao kt cu m tr: Khi dng mi ni keo dn, tnh theo n v chiu cao H, l 1/250. Khi dng mi ni "t", khng ln hn 20mm. 5. Hn hp b-tng dng vo lng m tr: Thnh phn xi mng khng nhiu qu 350 kG/m3. T l N/X khng qu 0,5. Chiu dy ca mi lp ri khng ln hn 300mm. 6. Sai s cho php v v tr tim kt cu: Khi thi cng so vi ng tim m tr theo mt bng o c trn ton mng: - i vi tim cc, cc ng, ct theo mt bng, cao trnh mt di i cc, l 30mm; - i vi tim tr , ct tr , cao trnh mt nh, l 5mm. 7. Sai s cho php v cao trnh thit k nh cc cc (cc ng, cc ng, cc khoan) so vi mt di ca i cc, l 50mm. 8. Khe h nh nht cho php: gia mt bn kt cu cc, ct tr vi mt bn ca l cha sn trn i cc, l 30mm.

Tng hai khi lin k

o bng thc

La chn ch nghi ng

nt

La chn ch nghi ng

o bng thc

Xem im 4-5 Bng 9 Tng thn m tr

Xem im 4-5 Bng 9 Dng my kinh v v cao c quan st

nt Tng tr m

o bng thc Kim tra t mu btng chn.

nt Tng tr m Tu chn ch nghi ng

nt o bng thc nt

Tu chn ch nghi ng nt

o bng thc nt

nt

nt

47

48