Trng I hc bch khoa h ni

Vin cng ngh sinh hc v cng ngh thc phm B mn Cng ngh Cc Sn phm Ln men

Cng ngh SN XUT MALT V BIA

Ngi son : PGS.TS L Thanh Mai

8/27/2009

i hc Bch khoa H ni

Cng ngh SX Malt v Bia

Chng I : M u

I.1 nh ngha bia I.2 Lch s pht trin cng ngh sn xut bia I.3 Gii thiu tnh hnh sn xut v tiu th bia Phn I : Nguyn liu chinh
Chng II : i mch

1.1. Cc loi i mch 1.2. Cu trc ht i mch 1.3.Thnh phn ho hc 1.4. nh gi cht lng i mch
Chng III : nguyn liu thay th malt i mch

III.1 Nguyn liu thay th dng ht

8/27/2009 i th dng ng III.2 Nguyn liu thayhc Bch khoa H ni 2

Cng ngh SX Malt v Bia

Chng IV : Hoa houblon

IV.1 Gii thiu cy hoa houblon IV.2 Thnh phn ho hc hoa houblon IV.3 Ch phm hoa houblon
Chng V : Nc

V.1 Vai tr ca nc trong sn xut bia V.2 Thnh phn ho hc ca nc ngm V.3 nh hng cc ion trong nc n CN v CLSP V.4 X l nc trong qu trnh nu bia
8/27/2009 i hc Bch khoa H ni 3

Phn 2 : Cng ngh SX Malt

Chng VI: Phn loi, lm sch v bo qun i mch v ngm i mch Chng VII: Ngm v Ny mm i mch Chng VIII: Sy malt ti v nh gi cht lng malt

8/27/2009

i hc Bch khoa H ni

Phn 3 : Cng ngh SX Bia

Chng IX : Chun b dch ng

IX.1 Nghin malt v nguyn liu thay th malt IX.2 Nu-ng ho malt v nguyn liu thay th IX.3 Lc dch ng
Chng X : nu hoa, lm trong v lm lnh dch ng

X.1 Nu dch ng vi hoa houblon X.2 Lm trong v lm lnh dch ng

Chng XI : Ln men chnh v ln men ph

XI.1 L thuyt v qu trnh ln men XI.2 Vn men ging trong sn xut bia XI.3 K thut ln men XI.4 Ln men ph v tng tr bia
8/27/2009 i hc Bch khoa H ni 5

Phn 3 : Cng ngh SX Bia

Chng XII : Hon thin sn phm

XII.1 Lm trong bia XII.2 Bo ho CO2 XII.3 Chit bia XII.4 Thanh trng bia XII.5 nh gi cht lng bia

8/27/2009

i hc Bch khoa H ni

Ti liu tham kho

1. Hong nh Ho, 1998. Cng ngh sn xut malt v bia, Nh xut bn khoa hc v k thut Nh xut bn khoa hc v k thut

2. Nguyn Th Hin (ch bin), 2008. Khoa hc- Cng ngh Malt v Bia, Malting, VLB Berlin. 4. 5. 6. J . De Clerck, 1980. Cours de Brasserie, Editeur E.De Clerck, Belgique J.R.A.Pollock, 1987. Brewing Science, Academic Press E.G Priest, 1996. Brewing Science &Technology. The
8/27/2009

3. Wolfgang Kunze, 1996, Technology Brewing and

Institut of Brewing.

i hc Bch khoa H ni

nh ngha Bia
c: Bia l mt loi ung thu nhn c nh ln men v khng qua chng ct, v ch s dng ht i mch ny mm, hoa houblon, nm men v nc Php : Bia l mt loi ung thu c bng cch ln men ru dch chit cc cht t i mch ny mm, c b sung khng qu 30% nguyn liu thay th khc v hoa houblon

Vit nam : Bia l ung ln men c cn thp, c lm t nguyn liu chnh l malt i mch, houblon, nm men v nc
8/27/2009 i hc Bch khoa H ni 8

Lch s ngnh bia

Thi k Ai Cp c i
5000 TCN, ngi Sumrien v Assyrien sn xut ung ln men t cc loi ht ng cc 4000 TCN, ti Ai Cp : bia ca Ai Cp =bia cc nh Qu tc 2000 TCN, di thi vua Hammourabi, ngi Babilon vit thnh sch cc nguyn tc nu bia. Ngi Ai Cp v ngi Babilon s dng nhiu loi gia v to ra nhiu loi bia c khc nhau.
8/27/2009 i hc Bch khoa H ni 9

Lch s ngnh bia

Bn khc trn

C t 3 000 nm trc Cng nguyn

8/27/2009 i hc Bch khoa H ni 10

Lch s ngnh bia

Xng bia khc trn

C8/27/2009 nm trc CN, i hcthy khoa H ni m Ai cp t 2 500 tm Bch trong ngi

11

1500 trc CN
tm thy cc du vt SX bia ti an mch Cc nc Chu u cng bit n sp bia t Sn xut Bia c khi phc v pht trin : - cc xng bia mc ln nh nm sau ma, - Bia = thuc cha bnh (bnh dch hch chu u) Thi k ny, nu bia phi ng thu To hng = bng cy , c tho mc c v ng v hng thm
8/27/2009 i hc Bch khoa H ni 12

Th k th 8
Pht hin Hoa houblon
bo qun bia lu hn, to hng v c bit thay th mi c thm khc nh tnh khng khun ca hoa houblon : ln men ni v bia cht lng tt hn

8/27/2009

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13

Lch s ngnh bia

Thi k Louis Pasteur

thi k tn ca cc xng bia nh th cc xng bia c khi phc dn

Trong CM Php Thi Napoleon

1880 : bc ngot trong ngnh sn xut bia - Louis Pasteur tm ra bn cht ca qa trnh sn xut bia v 1876 xut bn cc Nghin cu v Bia - Ln men t nhin tuyn chn chng ging (hng v n nh, cht lng tng, - Bo qun bia = un nng 70oC ( thanh trng Pasteur) Ch SX bia vo ma ng do khng c phng tin lm lnh
8/27/2009

1877: Pht minh ra my lnhkhoa H Von Linde ca ni i hc Bch

14

Lch s ngnh bia

Thi i hin nay

u tk 20, SX bia ang pht trin mnh gp nhiu c sc Chin tranh Th gii I ( thiu nguyn liu, thiu nhn lc) Sau chin tranh ; cc xng bia c m li v c kh ho Chin tranh th gii II, thiu nguyn liu trm trng => s dng nguyn liu thay th => Cht lng km, chai buc phi ti s dng T 1946 : NCKH pht trin nhanh, ngnh CNSX bia pht trin ch cn li cc xng bia quy m ln
8/27/2009 i hc Bch khoa H ni 15

Sn xut v tiu th Bia (2)

Trn th gii : Sn lng : >150 t lit/nm Nng sut > 10 t lit/nm c 2-3 nc (c, M, TQ) Mc tiu th > 100 lit/ng/nm (c, an mch, Tip) Quy m sx : - M 5 cng ty chim 60%, - Canada 2 cty 94% ton nc
8/27/2009 i hc Bch khoa H ni 16

Sn lng bia th gii 2001- 2006

Vng Chu u 2001 2002 35.3 26.5 21.7 10.7 4.3 2003 34.9 26.9 22.2 10.2 4.4 2004 34.1 28.5 21.4 10.2 4.4 2005 34.1 28.5 20.9 10.7 4.5 2006 33.4 30.0 20.1 10.7 4.6 35.1 Chu /Trung 26.0 ng Bc M 22.1 Nam M Chu phi Chu c/Chu i Dng Tng
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11.1 4.2

1.5

1.5

1.4 100

1.3 100

1.3 100

1.2 100
17

100 % 100

i hc Bch khoa H ni

Lng bia tiu th tnh theo vng (2004)

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18

Pays Allemagne Australie Autriche Belgique Brsil Portugal Danemark Estonie tats-Unis Finlande France Hongrie

Consommation7 161,5 l/an/hab. 91,5 l/an/hab. 110,6 l/an/hab. 96,2 l/an/hab. 49,7 l/an/hab. 78,9 l/an/hab. 96,2 l/an/hab. 75 l/an/hab. 81,6 l/an/hab. 80,2 l/an/hab. 35,4 l/an/hab. 72,2 l/an/hab.

Pays Irlande Luxembourg Nouvelle-Zlande Norvge Pays-Bas Pologne Royaume-Uni Slovaquie Suisse8 Rpublique tchque Venezuela

Consommation 141,2 l/an/hab. 101,6 l/an/hab. 72,8 l/an/hab. 50,5 l/an/hab. 78,7 l/an/hab. 79 l/an/hab. 101,5 l/an/hab. 88,4 l/an/hab. 58,2 l/an/hab. 157 l/an/hab. 82,1 l/an/hab.

8/27/2009

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19

Tnh hnh tiu th bia trn th gii 2007

Xp hng 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Nc Cng ha Czech Ailen c c o Anh Nam T B an Mch Phn Lan Luxembourg Slovakia Ty Ban Nha M 8/27/2009 Croatia Tiu th (L/ng/nm) 156.9 131.1 115.8 109.9 108.3 99.0 93.3 93.0 89.9 85.0 84.4 84.1 83.8 81.6 81.2 Xp hng 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 34 Nc Canada Aixlen[d] B o Nha Bulgari Nam Phi Nga Venezuela Romania Cyprus Switzerland Gabon Na- Uy Mexico in Nht Bn Tiu th (L/ng/nm) 68.3 59.7 59.6 59.5 59.2 58.9 58.6 58.2 58.1 57.3 55.8 55.5 51.8 51.5 51.3
20

33 i hc Bch khoa HThu ni

Sn xut v tiu th Bia (3)

Chu : Nng sut 7- 10 t lit/nm (TQ, Nht); TB 17 l/ngi.nm Tc (ca 10 nm) tng TB 7% > < Chu u gim 4% (Thi lan tng 26,5, Philipin 22, Malaxia 21, TQ 20%) Quy m sx : - Nht 4 cng ty chim 40, - TQ 800 NM, 18 NM >150 triul/nm, chim >25% Mc tiu th: 50 lit/ng/nm Nht ; 18-20 Singapore, Philipin.
8/27/2009 i hc Bch khoa H ni 21

S lc lch s ngnh bia Vit Nam

Min Nam: nm 1875 Php cho xy dng nh my bia Si Gn thuc hng BGI. Min Bc: nm 1890 Bia bt u c mt H Ni

8/27/2009

i hc Bch khoa H ni

22

S lc lch s ngnh bia Vit Nam

Trong thi gian khng chin : khng c nh my bia ln no c xy dng. n gia thp k 80 : ch c hai nh my ny sn xut bia p ng c khong 60% nhu cu trong c nc 2007 : >300 (2 quc gia, 7 lin doanh & >300 c s

8/27/2009

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23

Sn xut v tiu th Bia VN

Nm 1980 1986 1990 1994 2000 2005 2010
8/27/2009

Sn lng (Triu lt) 60 87 100 330 624 990 1500

i hc Bch khoa H ni

Bnh qun (lt/ngi) 1,3 1,4 1,5 4,4 8 10 25

24

Hng i hin nay ca ngnh bia

a dng ha sn phm Ci thin v n nh cht lng sn phm Gim ti a tn tht trong sn xut

8/27/2009

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25

nh hng pht trin cng nghip bia Vit Nam

Mc tiu cho n nm 2010: nghnh bia - ru - NGK nghnh kinh t mnh, khuyn khch s dng nguyn liu trong nc, sn phm cht lng cao, c uy tn, thng hiu nh hng pht trin: Hin i ha cng ngh. u tin s dng thit b trong nc. Tp trung u t cc nh my c cng sut ln. Quy hoch v xy dng cc trung tm nghin cu.
8/27/2009 i hc Bch khoa H ni 26

Lch s ngnh bia

Bia = malt i mch + hoa houblon + nc + nm men

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i hc Bch khoa H ni

27

S CNSX Malt-Bia

8/27/2009

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28

PHN I : Nguyn liu chnh trong sn xut bia

Chng I : I MCH- MALT
1.1. Cc loi i mch 1.2. Cu trc ht i mch 1.3.Thnh phn ho hc 1.4. nh gi cht lng i mch

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i hc Bch khoa H ni

29

i mch

8/27/2009

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30

Cc loi i mch

i mch 2 hng
Thuc h la m (Gramineae), chi Hordeum i mch hai hng: Hordeum Distichum Ch c hai bng hoa trn gi c kh nng to ht Ht pht trin tt, trn u V tru mng hn

8/27/2009

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31

Cc loi i mch

i mch 2 hng
M ma xun: gieo ht thng 2-4, sau 35-40 ngy kt bng, thu hoch 7- 8 M ma ng : gieo ht thng 11, sau 100 ngy kt bng thu hoch vo thng 7

8/27/2009

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32

Cc loi i mch

i mch 6 hng
Hordeum Hexastichum = i mch ma ng hay i mch vung Cc c tnh: - Trn 1 gi c 6 hoa to ht chc - Trn trc c hai loi ht. Cc ht gia c dng i xng, cc ht bn hnh thoi, gy hn v c dng xon c bit. - V thng dy hn. - Giu enzym hn. - Sn lng ln (6 tn /ha).
8/27/2009 i hc Bch khoa H ni 33

Cu trc ht i mch
1.Lp alrng

2. Ni nh 3. T bo trng 4. Lp biu m 5. Ng 6. Mm 7. Phi l 8. Phi thn 9. Phi r 10. R 11. V ht

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34

Cc lp ht i mch
V tru Bo v Lp lc chi

V qu V ht Lp alrong

Mng bn thm Tit enzym v a.gibberelic

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Ni nh

Cht dinh dng 35

Thnh phn ha hc ht

Thnh phn trung bnh ca cc loi ng cc (%) Cc cht

i
mch 85 60 10 3,4 2,1 2,6

La m 86 65 12,5 2,4 1,7

La mch en 85 63 11,5 4,9 1,7

Yn mch 87 53 11,7 2,1 5,3 3,0

Ng 86 60 10 6,5 5,0 1,0

Go 86 70 7,7 0,4
36 0,3

Cht kh Tinh bt v cc hydrocacbon khc Hp cht cha Nit Hp cht khng Nit Cht bo Cht tro 8/27/2009

1,9 2,0 i hc Bch khoa H ni

Ht tinh bt i mch
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. i mch Go Ng Sn Khoai ty 60oC 86oC 75oC 70oC 65oC

Tinh bt i mch d ht : 20-30 v 1-6 m; Tinh bt :60-65 % ; Amyloza 17-24 %, 60-600 gc glucoza Amylopectin 76-83 %, 2000 gc glucoza 8/27/2009 i hc Bch khoa H ni +I2 : mu xanh

37

Cc hp cht hydrocacbon
- Xenluloza: (C5H10O5)n, 20% lng cht kh ca v, 2000 - 10000 gc glucoza 1-4 - Hemixenluloza, cht keo: nm thnh t bo. -D-glucan ( 1-3 v 1-4) v pentozan - Pentozan - Pectin v lignin - ng v polysaccarit : 5 % Glucozan 2 % Raffinoza 0,3-0,5% Fructozan 1,8% Maltoza 0,1% Galactoza 0,1% Fructoza 0,1% Saccaroza 1 % i hc Bch khoa H ni 0,1% Glucoza 8/27/2009

38

 - Glucan

-Tan trong nc hay kim to dung dch c nht cao -Trong thnh t bo lin kt vi cc peptit, khng tan
8/27/2009 i hc Bch khoa H ni 39

Cc hp cht cha nit

10-12 %, lp alrong v trong ni nh, bao quanh ht tinh bt Vai tr : Cht dinh dng cho nm men, to bt, tng snh v tnh bn keo cho bia Protein chia thnh 4 nhm : (30 axit amin) a- Albumin (Leucosin), 4%, tan trong nc b- Globulin (Edestin), 31%, tan trong NaCl 10% c- Prolamin (Hordein), 36%, tan trong ru 70 % (60 % l axit glutamic v prolin) b- Glutelin, 29%, tan trong NaOH Albumoza v pepton Peptit v polypeptit 8/27/2009 amin Cc axit i hc Bch khoa H ni 40

Cc cht khc
Lipit : - 2-3 %, alron (2/3), phi (1/3) - Khng bin i trong qt ny mm - Khng tan trong nc theo b - nh hng bt ca bia Polyphenol (anthocyanogen, proanthocyanidin) : - v tru , alron - v ng cht cn loi b Cc vitamin : - B1, B2, C, E (tocophenol) Tn tht Hp cht v c : - 2-3 % 8/27/2009 - P2O5 35% ; SiO2 25 % ;i hc Bch khoa H ni K2O 20 %

41

Cc enzym thu phn thnh t bo

Sitaza: - Hemixeluloza - Enzym t ph - nhuyn ca malt - iu kin ti u : To =40oC -1,4 glucanaza (exo--glucanaza): - Tc dng ln -1,4 - Khng c trong i mch chn - Tng hp trong qu trnh ny mm - iu kin ti u : To =40oC, pH = 4,5 pentoza +hexoza

-1,3 glucanaza: Tc dng ln cc lin kt -1,3

8/27/2009 i hc Bch khoa Pentosanaza: Thy phn pentosan H ni 42

Cc enzym thu phn tinh bt

-amylaza: - Enzym dch ha
- V tr bt k trong phn t tinh bt - Gim nhanh v mu ca it - Tng hp trong qu trnh ny mm - iu kin ti u : To =70-72, pH = 5,6-5,7 -amylaza: - Enzym ng ha - Trong i mch 2 dng (t do v lin kt) - Trong qu trnh ny mm : 3-5 ln - iu kin ti u : To =60-65, pH = 4,7-4,8 Dextrinaza gii hn: - Ct st mch nhnh -Tng hp trong qu trnh ny mm - iu kin ti u : To =55-60, pH = 5,1-5,2
8/27/2009

- ct lin kt hc Bch khoa H ni -1,4 v khng tc dng ln -1,6 i 43

Amylaza

-amylaza
8/27/2009 i hc Bch khoa H ni

-amylaza
44

CC ENZYM thy phn protein Proteinaza (endopeptidaza): - Phn ct thnh chui peptit,
- Trong i mch : Alrong v phi - Trong malt: 3-5 ln - iu kin ti u : To =50oC, pH = 4,6-5,0

Cacboxypeptidaza: - Xc tc tch cc axit amin t cc u chui cha nhm cacboxyl ca cc peptit

- iu kin ti u : To =50-60oC, pH = 5,2

Aminopeptidaza: Xc tc tch cc axit amin t cc u chui cha nit ca cc peptit

- iu kin ti u : To =40-45oC, pH = 7,2

Dipeptidaza: -Thy phn dipeptit

8/27/2009 i hc Bch khoa H - iu kin ti u : To =40-45oC, pH = 7,2 ni 45

CC ENZYM KHC
Lipoxygenaza: - Phn hu axit linoleic. - iu kin ti u : To =62oC, pH = 6,6-6,7 - To tnh n nh v ca bia Lipaza: - C trong phi v lp alrong - Tng trong qa trnh ny mm, gim trong qa trnh sy - iu kin ti u : To =35-40oC, pH = 5-6 Phophataza: - Tch lin kt este ca axit phosphoric trong tinh bt - Tng chua, tng lc m cho dch ng - iu kin ti u : To =70oC, pH = 5,6

Phytaza: - Tch lin kt este ca axit phosphoric vi inositol,

- Tng chua, tng lc m cho dch ng 8/27/2009 i hc Bch khoa H ni - iu kin ti u : To =50-53oC, pH = 4,5-5,0
46

iu kin ti u ca cc Enzym c trong i mch

Nature Oxydases : Lipoxygnase Polyphnol oxydase Hydrolases -Amylase -Amylase Dextrinase limite Protinase Aminopeptidase Carboxypeptidase Endo -1-3 glucanase Exo -glucanase -Glucane solubilase Maltase Lipase Phosphatase
8/27/2009

pH optimal 6,5

Temprature optimale 40 60-65

Temprature de destruction 70 80 80 70 65 70 55 70 55 73 60 70
47

5,7 4,7 5,1 5,0-5,2 7,2 5,2 4,7-5,0 4,5 6,6-7,0 6,0 6,8
i hc Bch khoa H ni

70-75 60-65 55-60 50-60 40-45 50-60 40-50 40 62 35-40 35-40 50-53

4,5-5,0

nh gi cht lng i mch

Cm quan : Mi: Mi thm, rm ti. Mi mc bo qun t

- Mu sc v sng: vng nht, sng ng nht. (xanh, nu ) - V: V g gh, mng, v dy v phng cha chn. Tp cht: Khng c ht di, ct, si, rm r, bng la, kim loi, ht v ht mc hay l. Ht b v, st m: Cn c loi b.
8/27/2009 i hc Bch khoa H ni 48

nh gi cht lng i mch

Hnh dng v kch thc ht: - Ht cn to, u v trn, ph thuc vo ging - Khng c ht ny mm Cn trng: - khng c cn trng (mt) trong khi ht (ht b mt n to thnh cc l v khi ngm cc ht ny ni ln trn) - khng b mc (to mi kh chu trong bia)

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49

nh gi cht lng i mch

nh gi cc ch tiu l hc:
- Dung trng: 65-75 kg/100 lt -Khi lng 1000 ht : 35-47 g Phn loi ht: ry 2,8, 2,5 v 2,2 mm Loi ho hng : min 95% (trn ry 2,8mm) ; tp cht < 2 % (trn ry 2,2mm) Loi 1 : min 90% (2,8 mm) ; 2-4 % (2,2mm ) Loi TB : min 85% (2,8 mm) ; 3-4 % (2,2mm)
8/27/2009 i hc Bch khoa H ni 50

nh gi cht lng i mch

nh gi cc ch tiu l hc:
Nng lc ny mm : >90 % (3 ngy); >95 % (5 ngy) Tnh nhy cm i vi nc: Ny mm 100 ht trong 4 v 8 ml H20 Chnh lch s ht : 0 10 20 35 50 ny mm nhy: Khng Yu Trung bnh Mnh Rt mnh

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51

nh gi ch tiu ho hc
m : 14-15 Protein :10-12% Cht ho tan (cht chit) : 77-80% S ngh ca ht Ht va thu hoch khng c khng c kh nng ny mm (kh nng t bo v ca ht khng ny mm ngay lp tc sau khi thu hoch) khng nn sn xut malt ngay sau thu hoch

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52

Chng II : HOA HOUBLON

2.1. Gii thiu cy houblon 2.2. Thnh phn ho hc ca hoa houblon
Nc Cc cht nha Tinh du thm Polyphenol Hoa cnh Hoa vin Cao hoa
i hc Bch khoa H ni 53

2.3. Ch phm hoa houblon

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Gii thiu cy houblon

Humulus Lupulus Cy leo, cao 6-7 m 1000-2000 kg/ha Cn chm sc k Cy trng 15 nm Thu hoch bng tay

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54

Vai tr Hoa houblon

V ng di Hng thm c trng Tng kh nng to bt v gi bt Tng bn keo Tnh khng khun Houblon thm : Saaz, Tettnang, Golding, Strisselspalt Houblon thm & ng: Perle, Challengr Houblon rt ng : Northrn Brewers, Target, Brewers Gold
8/27/2009 i hc Bch khoa H ni 55

Cu to bp hoa houblon
m : 75 % Mu vng xanh Ch dng hoa ci Bp hoa : 3-5 cm Cnh 40-100 (TB 60) Cung Trc Nh hoa Ht lupulin
8/27/2009 i hc Bch khoa H ni 56

Thnh phn ha hc hoa houblon

Nc Cc cht ng Xenlluloza Cc cht cha nit Tinh du Cc cht tro Polyphenol (tanin) 10-11% 12-21 40-50 15-17 0,5-5 5-8 2-5

Cc cht chit khng cha nit 27

8/27/2009 i hc Bch khoa H ni 57

Cc cht ng trong hoa houblon

Cc cht ng (15-21%) (tan trong methanol v trong te)

Cc cht nha mm
(tan trong hexhan) (90%)

Cc cht nha cng

10% (tan trong te)

-axt ng (6-9 %)

Nhm cc cht cn li -axt ng (3-4%)

Lc ng = -axit ng + ( -axit ng + nha mm)/9

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Cc cht nha mm khc cha xc nh (5-6%)

58

-Axit

-Axit ng

- axit Humulon Cohumulon Adhumulon Prehumulon Posthumulon

8/27/2009

R CH2CH(CH3)2 CH(CH3)2 CH(CH3)CH2CH3 CH2OHCH(CH3) CH2CH3

% 35 - 70 20 - 30 10 - 15 1 - 10 1-5

-axit Lupulon Colupulon Adlupulon Prelupulon

% 30 - 55 20 - 55 5 - 10 1-3 59

Postlupulon i hc Bch khoa H ni

+-Axit NG

-Axit NG (trong hoa) ho tan thp, v ph thuc pH

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-ISO Axit NG (trong bia) ho tan cao hn

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Tinh du thm
Ht lupulin, 200 cht bay hi, d`tan trong ru Cc hydrocacbua : chim 75% -Sesquitecpen (C15)

Nerolidol

Humulen

Aromadendren Caryophyllen

-Rt d bay hi, cn li rt t trong dch nu hoa

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-Mi thm c trng

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Tinh du thm 2
Monotecpen (C10):

Linalol

Geranyl pyrophosphat

Micxen

Tecpinolen

-Tecpinolen
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Limonen

Nerol

Geraniol
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i hc Bch khoa H ni

Tinh du thm 3

Cc hp cht lu hunh : - CH3SSSCH3, CH3SSSSCH3, CH3SSCH2SCH3, - CH3SOCH2, Cc dn xut oxygen ; cc vng epoxy -

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Tanin v Polyphenol
- Gi tr CN :- Kt lng v loi b cc hp cht cha nit -n nh v tng bn keo -C v se, oxy ho flobaphen (mu )

-Tanin : Antocyanidin, Leucoantocyanidin, cc flavon v catechin, cc axit phenolic v polyphenolic

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Tanin

Catechin Procyanidin C3

Cyanidin

Flavonol
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Procyanidin B3
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Cc ch phm hoa houblon

Hoa cnh : Sy nh 500C (W 11%), sau p thnh bnh Hoa vin : chim 1/3 th trng, v c nhiu dng:

Hoa vin loi 90. Hoa vin loi 45 (nng cao). Hoa vin c ng phn ha (isomeric).
Cao hoa :

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Hoa houblon vin

Hoa vin 90 : T 100 kg hoa thu c 90 kg sn phm Houblon sy kh (< 50oC, W 7-9 %) nghin (bt 1-5 mm) p thnh vin (thc hin iu kin chn khng hay kh tr) Hoa vin 45 (giu -axit) : T 100 kg hoa thu c 45 kg sn phm c cha lng axit ln Houblon Tch ht lupulin to rt thp (-200C) hoa nghin v ry i hc Bch khoa H ni p v ng gi 8/27/2009 + cnh
67

Ch tiu ch phm hoa vin

Hoa vin ng loi vin 45 : Ch tiu cm quan. - Mu xanh l m hi vng. - Mi thm c trng, v ng du. - Hnh dng: vin n khng v vn. Ch tiu ho hc. - Hm lng axit ng 8%. Hoa vin thm loi vin 45 : Ch tiu cm quan. - Mu xanh l m hi vng. - Mi thm c trng, v ng du. - Hnh dng: vin n khng v vn. Ch tiu ho hc. 8/27/2009 i hc Bch khoa H ni - Hm lng axit ng 6%.

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Houblon c ng phn

Cc alpha axit c ng phn thnh iso-alpha axit trong qu trnh ch bin. a vo nu hoa hoc trong giai on hon thin

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Cc loi ch phm hoa houblon

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Hoa vin

Vin hinh tr 10-15 x 6mm

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Cao hoa
- Cao hoa hu c Dung mi hu c (hexan, metanol, metylen clorua, tricloetylen, etanol) trch ly cc nha ng v tinh du thm ca hoa houblon, sau lm bay hi dung mi - Cao hoa chit bng CO2 : cha 95-99 % -axit ng, nhiu tinh du thm hn cc loi cao hoa khc
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Cao hoa
Cc ch phm cao hoa = Kettle Extract. c c cao hn). sn phm vi hm lng -axit t 30 n 50% (c th

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Ch tiu ch phm cao hoa Ch tiu cm quan:

- Dng keo mu vng h phch. - Mi thm c bit, d bay hi, d nhn mi. - V ng r rt.

Ch tiu ho hc:
- Hm lng axit ng 30%. - Tan ht v c th to kt ta lng nhanh khi un si vi nc hoa thm r rt, v ng du.
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Nguyn liu thay th - go

nh gi cht lng ca go cn phi: Kim tra bng mt: - Tm hay bt go mu trng - Mi ca tm hay bt, khng i kht Ch tiu ho hc: - m: < 13% - Hiu sut ho tan: 80-85%
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- Hm lng cht bo:hc Bch khoa H ni i 0,5 - 0,7%

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Nc trong CNSX malt-Bia

1. Thnh phn nc 2. cng ca nc 3. nh hng cc ion trong nc 4. Cc phng php x l nc

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Thnh phn nc
Nc chim 80-90 % trong bia Cn kho st ngun nc trc khi xy dng nh my bia Nc ngm: -Cn kh : 200-2000 mg/l (TB 500 mg/l) - Silic : 15-30 mg/l - Fe : 25-30 mg/l - NO3 : 20-100 mg/l Nc dng sx bia: -Ung c Mg+2 : <100 mg/l -Nc mm Fe : <0,5 mg/l - Trong, khng mi v Khng c NH3, NO2 8/27/2009 i hc khoa H ni 78 - Cl- : <200 mg/l Bch CaSO4 : <200 mg/l

nh hng ca mui Ca v Mg
Phn ng vi cc cht c trong malt : 2KH2PO4 + Ca(HCO3)2 CaHPO4 + K2HPO4 + 2H2O + 2CO2 Bc 1 Bc 2 Bc 2 khng tan Tan 4KH2PO4 + 3Ca(HCO3)2 Ca3(PO4)2+2K2HPO4 +6H2O+ 6CO2 Bc 3 Bc 2 2KH2PO4 + Mg(HCO3)2 MgHPO4 + K2HPO4 +2H2O + 2CO2. 4KH2PO4 + 3Mg(HCO3)2 Mg3(PO4)2+2K2HPO4+6H2O+ 6CO2 4K2HPO4 + 3CaSO4 Ca3(PO4)2+2KH2PO4 +3K2SO4
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nh hng Ca+2 ti cht lng bia

Ca+2 : <150 mg/l u im - n nh -amylaza -Tng kh nng tch cn nng v lnh Nhc im -Gim PO4-3 trong dch ng -Tng ha tan cc cht cha nit vo dch ng -Gim mu dch ng -Gim kh nng ng phn axit ng -Gim tnh m ca dch ng
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nh hng Mg+2, Na+v K+

u im Mg+2 : <50 mg/l - Cofacteur, tt qt trao i cht -To snh cho bia Na+<150 mg/l ; K+<10 mg/l ; - To snh cho bia - khng thay i pH Nhc im - Gim PO4-3 trong dch ng - Gy mi v kh chi cho bia

-To v mn, mi kh chi

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nh hng Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Pb

Fe+2, Fe+3 <0,2 mg/l -Xu ti qt trao i cht, nm men d thoi ho - Gim snh bia, mu bt -Gy mi kim loi -To cn oxy ho, gy c bia Cu+2<0,05 ; -*Cn cho qu trnh trao i cht - c cho nm men - To cn oxy ho, gy c bia
8/27/2009

Mn+2 <0,05 ; Zn+2 <0,2 mg/l -*Cofacteur, tt qt trao i cht - Gy mi kim loi Pb+2<0,01 mg/l; - c cho nm men - Gy c bia

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nh hng anion ti cht lng bia

HCO3- <400 mg/l - pH - Ho tan tanin ca v malt, -To vi ng cht, bia km tinh khit - Mu dch ng -Gim lng cn nng lnh SO4-2 -Bia ung c cm gic b kh -V ng cng -Hng v km (to SO2, H2S) NO3-<15 ; NO2-<0,1 mg/l; - c cho nm men, qtlm - Diaxetyl - Mi l

-Cl-<200 mg/l ; -*Tng bn keo, snh - Gim kh nng kt lng n/m SiO3-2 <30 mg/l; - To chlorophenol (mi dc - c cho nm men, qtlm 8/27/2009 i hc Bch khoa H ni phm) - To cn, gy c bia

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Thnh phn nc ca mt s loi bia

Cc cht Pilsen Burton Dormun Munic Vit nam h d 284 Cn kh 51 1790 1110 75 Canxi 7 268 262 <50 18 Magi 2 62 23 <100 HCO314 280 283 <50 151 SO4-2 5 638 289 <200 9 Cl5 36 107 2 <100 c ts 0,9 29 23 8,3 8,3 c tt 0,7 7 9 8 8
c tnh 8/27/2009
Mm Cng Giu i hc Bch khoa H ni Sunfat Giu Bicacbon Mm
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Nc dng trong sx bia

Nc nu v ng ha : nc mm Nc lm lnh : Mm - tng i cng Nc ra b : m bo v sinh an ton thc phm, ung c Nc l hi : Nc mm

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X l nc dng trong sx bia

Ph thuc vo mc sch, cn qua 4 giai on sau: Loi cc cht dng huyn ph Loi cc cht ho tan Dit vi sinh vt Lm mm nc

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X l nc dng trong sx bia

1. Loi b cn : Lc (bng cc ht 0,8-1,2 mm) 10-20 m3 H2O/m2, chiu cao 2 m 2. Loi b cht ho tan : loi b Fe v Mn bng sc O2 2Fe(HCO3)2 + 1/2 O2 + H2O = 2Fe(OH)3 + 4CO2 2FeS2 + 3O2 + 6H2O = 4Fe(OH)3 + 8S

2MnCl2 + O2 + 4 H2O = 2MnO(OH)2 + 4HCl Nn kh oxy

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X l nc dng trong sx bia

3. Loi b vi sinh vt ; Lc tit trng Tia UV Ho cht ; <1,2 mg Cl2/l hoc <0,4 mg ClO2/l

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X l nc dng trong sx bia

4. Kh cng nc :

Trung ha bng axit:

Ca(HCO3)2 + H2SO4 CaSO4 + H2O + CO2 Ca(HCO3)2 + 2CH3CHOHCOOH (CH3CHOHCOO)2Ca + H2O + CO2

un nng
Ca(HCO3)2 CaCO3 + H2O + CO2

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S lm mm nc
1. Thng cationic 2. Thng cha nc mm 3. Bm ly tm 4. Thng cha nc ra 5. Thng cha dung dch ho tan mui. 6. Thng ch bin dung dch mui
1 1 5 H2O cn x l 4 6

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2 3

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Tiu th nc trong sx malt v bia

Lng tiu th Cng on sn xut
1. B phn nu 8,5 10 2. B phn lm ngui dch ng 3 4 3. B phn ln men chnh 4. B phn ln men ph 5. B phn ra chai v ng chai 6. B phn lnh 8- B phn ni hi 2 2 3 3,5 10 15 1-2 m3/1 tn malt hl/1 hl dch ng hl/ 1 hl bia hl/ 1 hl bia hl/ 1 hl bia hl/ 1 hl bia hl/ 1 hl bia

8/27/2009

4-10 hl H2O cho 1 hl bia (TB 6 hl /hl bia)

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Lng nc s dng trong sx bia trong (nh my hin i )

Cng on X l nc Sn xut v x l dch ng V sinh TB Ln men V sinh TB v ra ng dn Lc v v sinh TB lc bia Ra ti ch (lc v tank bia lc) Chit chai (70%) + ra Thanh trng Pasteur Chuyn thng (30%) +ra
8/27/2009 i hc Bch khoa H ni

Lng tiu th (hl) 0,05 1,60 0,40 0,10 0,20 0,30 0,20 1,00 0,10 0,30
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Lng nc s dng trong sx bia trong (nh my hin i )

Cng on Lng tiu th (hl)

Thu hi kh CO2 Hi nc vi thu hi ht cht ng cn My nn lm lnh Bay hi, ngng t Kh nn Thng gi Ra chung
Tng lng tiu th

0,50 0,10 0,10 0,30 0,30 0,10 1,00

6,3

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93