Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Mc lc
M U ..................................................................................................................................2
PHN 1: TNG QUAN V FORMANDEHYDE ..................................................................4
PHN 2: CC PHNG PHP SN XUT ........................................................................5
2.1.2.1. Tnh cht vt l: ...................................................................................................6
2.2.1.2.2.ng dng: ..........................................................................................................7
2.2.1.3.Nguyn liu oxy. ..................................................................................................14
2.1.3.1 Tnh cht vt l: ..................................................................................................14
2.2.1.2.2.ng dng: ........................................................................................................15
2.2.1.4. Xc tc mui ng CuCl2. ..................................................................................15
2.2.1.4.2. ng dng: .......................................................................................................16
2.2.2.C S Phng Php: .............................................................................................17
2.2.3.S dy chuyn sn xut. ....................................................................................17
2.2.3.1.S dy chuyn. ...............................................................................................17
2.2.3.2.Thuyt minh s dy chuyn. ...........................................................................18
PHN 3:KT LUN ..............................................................................................................20
1
Nhm 3.Lp CN Ha Dc-k53
M U
Formaldehyde l mt ha cht ha hc cng nghip quan trng v c
dng trong qu trnh sn xut ca rt nhiu ngnh cng nghip. Hin nay c
trn 50 ngnh cng nghip s dng formaldehyde. Formaldehyde cng l mt
trong nhng hp cht hu c quan trng cung cp cho cc ngnh sn xut
cng nghip v tiu dng, n dng thng phm formaldehyde ha tan trong
H2O dng dung dch 37% - 50% c gi l formalin. y l mt trong
nhng bn thnh phm quan trng cho ngnh tng hp hu c v nhiu ngnh
khc nh: ngnh y t dng p xc, ty mi, ngnh thc phm dng trnh
thiu thi, thuc da trong cng ngh thuc da giy...
Formaldehyde c tng hp ln u tin vo nhng nm 1859. Khi
Butlerov thc hin thu phn metylen axetal v ch ra mi c trng ca dung
dch. n nm 1867 Hofman tng hp c formaldehyde bng cch cho
hn hp hi metanol v khng kh i qua lp xc tc platin dng si xon
c lm nng. Qu trnh sn xut mang tnh cng nghip c thc thi vo
nm 1882 khi Tollens khm ph ra mt phng php iu chnh lng hi
metanol t l khng kh v xc nh hiu sut ca phn ng .
Nm 1886 Loew thay th xc tc dng si xon platin bng xc tc li
ng c hiu qu hn. Mt cng ty ca c bt u i vo sn xut v nm
1889 sn xut thng mi ca formaldehyde c bt u. Mt hng khc ca
c, s dng xc tc bc cho qu trnh ny vo nm 1910.
Nm 1905 Badische Anilin v Soda Fabrik bt u sn xut
formaldehyde bi qu trnh lin tc, s dng xc tc Ag tinh th. Sn lng
formaldehyde l 30 kg/ngy di dng dung dch nc 30% khi lng.
Metanol cn thit i vi qu trnh sn xut formaldehyde c thu hi t
ngnh cng nghip g nh qu trnh nhit phn. S pht trin ca vic tng hp
metanol di p sut cao do Badische Anilin v Soda Fabrik nm 1925 cho
2
Nhm 3.Lp CN Ha Dc-k53
3
Nhm 3.Lp CN Ha Dc-k53
Phn ng cng hp
4
Nhm 3.Lp CN Ha Dc-k53
2.2.1.2.2.ng dng:
8
Nhm 3.Lp CN Ha Dc-k53
FIG 2
2.thp m vng pall
5.bm
12.thp phn ng
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Nhm 3.Lp CN Ha Dc-k53
22.thp hp th
1.ng vo ca khng kh
3.ng vo ca methanol
17,18.ng vo v ra ca nc
15.ng ra ca tp cht.
22,23.ng vo v ra ca nc
24,26.ng ly sn phm ra
28.ng ra ca oxy d.
Cn li l cc ng ng dn.
2.1.3.2. Thuyt minh s dy chuyn.
Xt Ag
PTP: CH3OH + O2
HCHO
o
550-570 C
Phn ng th
2.2.1.1.3. ng dng :
Nhin liu
Metan l mt nhin liu quan trng. So vi than , t chy metan sinh
ra t CO2 trn mi n v nhit gii phng. nhiu ni, mtan c dn ti
tng nh nhm mc ch si m v nu n. N thng c bit ti vi ci
tn kh thin nhin
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Nhm 3.Lp CN Ha Dc-k53
dch 36-38%)
Ty g thp
Sn xut cc hp cht hu c
Sn xut cc hp cht v c
Kim sot v trung ha pH
Ti sinh bng cch trao i ion
2.2.1.4.2. ng dng:
C-cht xc tc trong qu trnh Wacker
Mt ng dng cng nghip ln i vi ng clorua (II) nh mt cht xc
tc- hp tc vi palladium chloride (II ) trong qu trnh Wacker . Trong qu
trnh ny, ethene (ethylene) l chuyn i sang ethanal (acetaldehyde) bng
cch s dng nc v khng kh. Trong phn ng, PdCl 2 l gim Pd , v CuCl
2
2.
3.
Ton b qu trnh l:
2 C 2 H 4 + O 2 2 CH 3 CHO
Xc tc clo ha
Clorua ng (II) xc tc clo ha trong sn xut nha vinyl clorua v
dichloroethane .
Cc ng dng khc tng hp hu c
Clorua ng (II) c mt lot cc ng dng chuyn ngnh trong tng hp
cc hp cht hu c [Tuy nhin, hiu ng clo ha ca hydrocarbon thm ny
thng c thc hin trong s hin din ca nhm oxit. N c th hp cht
gc Clo cc v tr alpha ca cc hp cht cacbonyl :
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Nhm 3.Lp CN Ha Dc-k53
CH3Cl
HCl
40
50
10
CH4
O2
CH2Cl2
20
H2
CH3Cl
CH2Cl2
H2O CHCl3
30
CH2O
CH2Cl2
HCl
H2O
CH2Cl2
CHCl3
CHCl3
FIG 1
10:thit b xy ra phn ng oxy clo metan ha
20:thit b xy ra phn ng kh ha triclometan thnh diclometan
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Nhm 3.Lp CN Ha Dc-k53
HCl
CH4 + O2 + CH3Cl
Mui ng
Phn ng tin hnh bng cch pha kh sc vo pha lng ,tin hnh
nhit 375oC.Xc tc l mui ng CuCl2 v HCl
C ch phn ng xy ra trong thit b s 10: l mt chui phn ng dy
chuyn.
2CuCl2
2CuCl + Cl2
(1)
CH4 + Cl2
CH3Cl + HCl
(2)
CuO.CuCl2 + 2HCl
2CuCl2 + H2O
(3)
2CuCl + O2
CuO.CuCl2
(4)
2CH4 + Cl2 + O2
2CH3Cl + H2O
(5)
CH4 + HCl + O2
CH3Cl + H2O
(6)
CH4 +Cl2 + O2
CH2Cl2 + H2O
(7)
CH4 +2 HCl + O2
CH2Cl2 + 2H2O
(8)
2CHCl3 + 3H2O
(9)
CHCl3 + 3H2O
(10)
CH4 + 2Cl2 + O2
CCl4 + 2H2O
CCl4 + 4H2O
(11)
(12)
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Nhm 3.Lp CN Ha Dc-k53
CH2Cl2 + HCl
HCHO + 2HCL
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Nhm 3.Lp CN Ha Dc-k53
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Nhm 3.Lp CN Ha Dc-k53