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Tiu lun mn tng hp hu c

Mc lc
M U ..................................................................................................................................2
PHN 1: TNG QUAN V FORMANDEHYDE ..................................................................4
PHN 2: CC PHNG PHP SN XUT ........................................................................5
2.1.2.1. Tnh cht vt l: ...................................................................................................6
2.2.1.2.2.ng dng: ..........................................................................................................7
2.2.1.3.Nguyn liu oxy. ..................................................................................................14
2.1.3.1 Tnh cht vt l: ..................................................................................................14
2.2.1.2.2.ng dng: ........................................................................................................15
2.2.1.4. Xc tc mui ng CuCl2. ..................................................................................15
2.2.1.4.2. ng dng: .......................................................................................................16
2.2.2.C S Phng Php: .............................................................................................17
2.2.3.S dy chuyn sn xut. ....................................................................................17
2.2.3.1.S dy chuyn. ...............................................................................................17
2.2.3.2.Thuyt minh s dy chuyn. ...........................................................................18
PHN 3:KT LUN ..............................................................................................................20

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Nhm 3.Lp CN Ha Dc-k53

Tiu lun mn tng hp hu c

M U
Formaldehyde l mt ha cht ha hc cng nghip quan trng v c
dng trong qu trnh sn xut ca rt nhiu ngnh cng nghip. Hin nay c
trn 50 ngnh cng nghip s dng formaldehyde. Formaldehyde cng l mt
trong nhng hp cht hu c quan trng cung cp cho cc ngnh sn xut
cng nghip v tiu dng, n dng thng phm formaldehyde ha tan trong
H2O dng dung dch 37% - 50% c gi l formalin. y l mt trong
nhng bn thnh phm quan trng cho ngnh tng hp hu c v nhiu ngnh
khc nh: ngnh y t dng p xc, ty mi, ngnh thc phm dng trnh
thiu thi, thuc da trong cng ngh thuc da giy...
Formaldehyde c tng hp ln u tin vo nhng nm 1859. Khi
Butlerov thc hin thu phn metylen axetal v ch ra mi c trng ca dung
dch. n nm 1867 Hofman tng hp c formaldehyde bng cch cho
hn hp hi metanol v khng kh i qua lp xc tc platin dng si xon
c lm nng. Qu trnh sn xut mang tnh cng nghip c thc thi vo
nm 1882 khi Tollens khm ph ra mt phng php iu chnh lng hi
metanol t l khng kh v xc nh hiu sut ca phn ng .
Nm 1886 Loew thay th xc tc dng si xon platin bng xc tc li
ng c hiu qu hn. Mt cng ty ca c bt u i vo sn xut v nm
1889 sn xut thng mi ca formaldehyde c bt u. Mt hng khc ca
c, s dng xc tc bc cho qu trnh ny vo nm 1910.
Nm 1905 Badische Anilin v Soda Fabrik bt u sn xut
formaldehyde bi qu trnh lin tc, s dng xc tc Ag tinh th. Sn lng
formaldehyde l 30 kg/ngy di dng dung dch nc 30% khi lng.
Metanol cn thit i vi qu trnh sn xut formaldehyde c thu hi t
ngnh cng nghip g nh qu trnh nhit phn. S pht trin ca vic tng hp
metanol di p sut cao do Badische Anilin v Soda Fabrik nm 1925 cho
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Nhm 3.Lp CN Ha Dc-k53

Tiu lun mn tng hp hu c

php qu trnh sn xut formaldehyde trn phm vi cng nghip vi quy m


rng ln .
Hng nm Vit Nam phi nhp khu formalin sn xut cc vt liu
polime, vt liu cch in, cch nhit cht m kim loi, cht ph tr cho cng
nghip dt, cht st trng cho chn nui ...
Do vic nghin cu thit k phn xng sn xut formalin l rt cn
thit nhm p ng nhu cu s dng trong nc v gim thiu chi ph nhp
khu t nc ngoi. V vy, chng em c ThS. inh Th Phng Anh giao
Tiu lun mn hc Cc Qu trnh C bn Tng hp Hu c vi ti
Tng quan v Qa trnh sn xut Formaldehyde. Sau mt thi gian tm
hiu ti liu, ni dung Tiu lun mn hc ca chng em bao gm hai phn:
Phn 1: Tng quan v Formandehyde
Phn 2: Cc phng php sn xut Formandehyde
Phn 3:kt lun

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Nhm 3.Lp CN Ha Dc-k53

Tiu lun mn tng hp hu c

PHN 1: TNG QUAN V FORMANDEHYDE


1.1.Tnh cht vt l
Formaldehyde l mt cht kh khng mu, mi hng mnh nhit
phng, n rt d ha tan trong nc v ch yu c bn ra di dng dung
dch 37% trong nc c gi theo tn thng phm l formalin hay foocmn.
Trong nc, formaldehyde b polyme ha v formalin trn thc t cha rt t
formaldehyde dng n phn CH2O. Thng thng, cc dung dch ny cha
thm mt cht methanol hn ch s polyme ha.
Phn t gam: 30,03 g/mol
Cng thc cu to: CH2O

T trng v pha: 1 g/m3, kh

ha tan trong nc: > 100 g/100 ml (20 C)

im nng chy: -117 C (156 K)

im si: -19.3 C (253.9 K)


1.2.Tnh cht ha hc:
1.2.1. Tnh cht ca nhm -CHO
Phn ng kh to alcol, hyrocbon, amin ha
Phn ng oxy ha to axit

Phn ng cng hp

Phn ng cannizzaro: c xc tc bazo to axit formic v methanol

Cc phn ng ha hc c s tham gia ca lien kt C- H

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Nhm 3.Lp CN Ha Dc-k53

Tiu lun mn tng hp hu c

1.2.2. Formaldehyde l mt cht c i lc in t (electrophil). N c th tham


gia vo cc phn ng th thm i lc in t vi cc hp cht thm v cng c
th tham gia cc phn ng cng i lc in t vi cc anken.
1.3. ng dng
Formaldehyde c dng rng ri trong cc ngnh cng nghip dt,
nha, cht do (chim ti mt na tng s formaldehyde tiu th), trong giy,
sn, xy dng, m phm, thuc nhum tc, keo dn, thuc n, cc sn phm
lm sch, trong thuc v sn phm nha, giy than, mc my photocopy... lm
cht kh trng trong nng nghip v thy sn.
Formaldehyde c tnh st trng cao nn trong y hc s dng dit vi
khun, st trng v l dung mi bo v cc mu th nghim, cc c quan
trong c th con ngi, p xc... Formaldehyde d dng kt hp vi cc
protein (thng l thnh phn cc loi thc phm) to thnh nhng hp cht
bn, khng thi ra, khng i thiu, nhng rt kh tiu ha. Chnh tnh cht ny
b li dng ko di thi gian bo qun ca cc thc phm nh bnh ph,
h tiu, bn, bnh t...v c trong bia chng cn v gi thnh thp.

PHN 2: CC PHNG PHP SN XUT


2.1. Phng php sn xut Formaldehyde i t methanol v oxy
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Nhm 3.Lp CN Ha Dc-k53

Tiu lun mn tng hp hu c

2.1.1. Nguyn liu phn ng: Methanol


2.1.1.1. Tnh cht vt l
Methanol c cng thc ha hc: CH3OH l cht lng khng mu, trong sut v
c mi c trng.
T trng : 0.792
im ng c: - 97,5oC
im si: 64,8oC
im chp chy: 11oC
2.1.1.2. Tnh cht ha hc
Tnh cht ca ancol
Phn ng este ha
Phn ng oxy ha
2.1.1.3.ng dng
c s dng trc tip trong qu trnh sn xut formaldehyde, acid
acetic.
S dng trong ngnh sn, mc in, thuc bo v thc vt.
2.1.2.Nguyn liu oxy.
2.1.2.1. Tnh cht vt l:

nhit v p sut tiu chun, xy l cht kh khng mu, khng mi v


khng v c cng th phn t l O2
Nhit nng chy: 54,36 K -218,79 C, -361,82 F
Nhit si: -297,31 F -182,95 C, 90,20 K,
im ti hn: 154,59 K, 5,043 MPa
Nhit lng nng chy (O2): 0,444 kJmol1
Nhit lng bay hi(O2): 6,82 kJmol1
Nhit dung (O2): 29,378 Jmol1K1
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Nhm 3.Lp CN Ha Dc-k53

Tiu lun mn tng hp hu c

2.2.1.2.2.ng dng:

xy c s dng lm cht xy ha, ch c flo c th in m cao hn


n. xy lng c s dng lm cht xy ha trong tn la y. xy l cht duy
tr s h hp, v th vic cung cp b sung xy c thy rng ri trong y t.
Nhng ngi leo ni hoc i trn my bay i khi cng c cung cp b sung
xy. xy c s dng trong cng ngh hn cng nh trong sn xut thp v
ru methanol.
xy, nh l mt cht kch thch nh, c lch s trong vic s dng trong
gii tr m hin nay vn cn s dng. Cc ct cha xy c th nhn thy trong
cc bui l hi ngy nay. Trong th k 19, xy thng c trn vi nit xt
lm cc cht gim au.
2.1.3.Xc tc bc.
2.1.3.1.Tnh cht vt l: Bc l kim loi mm, do, d un, c ha tr mt,
c tin, c mu trng bng nh kim nu b mt c nh bng cao. Bc c
dn in tt nht trong cc kim loi, nhng do gi thnh cao nn n khng
c s dng rng ri lm dy dn in nh ng
L kim loi: nh kim sang bng
Khi lng phn t: 107,6862 g/mol
Cu hnh: 4d105s1
Nhit nng chy: 961,7oC
Nhit si: 2162oC
Nhit lng nng chy:11,28 KJ/mol
Nhit lng bay hi:250,58 KJ/mol
Nhit dung:25,35 J/mol.K
2.1.3.2. ng dng
ng dng c bn nht ca bc l nh mt kim loi qu v cc mui
halgen. c bit bc nitrat c s dng rng ri trong phim nh
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Nhm 3.Lp CN Ha Dc-k53

Tiu lun mn tng hp hu c

Cc sn phm in v in t, trong cn c tnh dn in cao ca bc,


thm ch ngay c khi b xn. V d, cc bng mch in c lm t sn
bc, bn phm my tnh s dng cc tip im bng bc. Bc cng c
s dng trong cc tip im in cao p v n l kim loi duy nht khng
nh h quang ngang qua cc tip im, v th n rt an ton.
Cc loi gng cn tnh phn x cao ca bc i vi nh sng c lm
t bc nh l vt liu phn x nh sng. Cc loi gng ph bin c mt
sau c m nhm
Kim loi ny c chn v v p ca n trong sn xut trang sc v
bc, thng thng lm t hp kim ca bc c xem nh l bc
tui, cha 92,5% bc.
Tnh d un, khng c v v p ca bc lm cho n c li trong nha
khoa lm rng gi.
Thuc tnh xc tc ca bc lm cho n thnh l tng s dng nh
mt cht xc tc trong cc phn ng xi ha - kh; v d, vic sn xut
fomanht t mtanol v khng kh bng cc tm lc bng bc hay cc
cht kt tinh cha ti thiu 99,95% bc theo trng lng.
2.1.2. C s phng php
Da vo phn ng oxy ha methanol bng oxy di tc dng ca xc tc
bc oxit to sn phm formaldehyde.
2.1.3.S dy chuyn sn xut
2.1.3.1. S dy chuyn

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Nhm 3.Lp CN Ha Dc-k53

Tiu lun mn tng hp hu c

FIG 2
2.thp m vng pall

9.thit b trao i nhit

5.bm

12.thp phn ng

7.thit b gia nhit

14.thit b tch tp v methanol

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Nhm 3.Lp CN Ha Dc-k53

Tiu lun mn tng hp hu c

22.thp hp th

29.li tch bt,lng.

1.ng vo ca khng kh

3.ng vo ca methanol

17,18.ng vo v ra ca nc

15.ng ra ca tp cht.

22,23.ng vo v ra ca nc

24,26.ng ly sn phm ra

28.ng ra ca oxy d.
Cn li l cc ng ng dn.
2.1.3.2. Thuyt minh s dy chuyn.

Xt Ag

PTP: CH3OH + O2

HCHO
o

550-570 C

Xt thp s 2 l thp m vng pall.


Hn hp khng khi c i vo thp t pha di thp,methanol i vo t pha
trn ca thp.trong thp xy ra s tip xc gia 2 pha kh,lng.nhng thp
ny hu nh khng xy ra phn ng to formandehyde m nhim v chnh ca
thp ny l lm sch khng kh v to hn hp methanol v oxy th hi.nhit
nh thp l 50oC -86oC.cn nhit y l 10oC -25oC.hn hp i ra pha
trn thp gm c methanol v oxy dng hi i theo ng s 11 i vo thit
b phn ng s 12.y thp th c lng i ra gm ch yu l nc v tp cht,c
mt phn methanol i theo ng 4 qua bm 5 i vo thit b s 14.ti y
methanol c tch ra v c a ln theo ng sn phm nh ca thp.tp
v nc c tho ra ngoi theo ng 15.Mt phn cn li c a sang
thit b gia nhit 7.trong thp s 2 c b phn 29 l b phn tch lng hi,ch
cho hi i qua cn ko cho lng i qua, (n gn nh 1 ci li chn bt,lng
c cho quay li thp). Ti thit b phn ng 12.chnh l thit b phn ng to
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Nhm 3.Lp CN Ha Dc-k53

Tiu lun mn tng hp hu c

ra HCHO.hn hp CH3OH v O2 theo ng 11 vo thp phn ng 12,hn hp


ny i qua lp xc tc tinh th Ag2O. Phn ng xy ra t 550oC -750oC,lp
xc tc ny gm c t 2 n 5 lp,lp 1 tc dng hi vo l t 7-13m/s cn
lp th 2 l 1m/s-4m/s.mi lp dy t 0,4mm-2,5mm.sau khi phn ng ( i
qua lp xc tc) th sn phm sinh ra c lm lnh mt phn t nh thit b
trao i nhit (loi ng chm).hn hp gm c sn phm phn ng,sn phm
ph,CH3OH d i theo ng 20 i qua thit b trao i ngng t s 9,mt ln
na thit b ny li xy ra qu trnh trao i nhit,nhit ca hn hp c tn
dng lm nng methanol c cho quay li t 7 theo ng 8 i qua 9 ri
theo ng 10 vo thp s 2.ng thi hn hp sn phm ny c ngng t
gn nh hon ton(chuyn sang th lng)sau hn hp ny c a sang
thp s 22 l thp hp th.c HCHO,CH3OH v HCOOH u b hp th vo
nc sau hn hp sn phm y ny i qua thit b trao i nhit s 7 lm
bay hi methanol v a methanol cho quay li vo thp 2.hn hp gm
HCHO v HCOOH c i theo ng 26 v c ly ra ngoi dng lng
sau c a di x l tch ring cu t.1 phn sn phm cng c ly ra
lun qua ng 24.trn nh thp kh oxy d c ly ra v c th cho quay li
thp phn ng.

2.1.3.3. u, nhc im ca phng php


u im:
-Phng php ny cho hiu sut cao hn phng php trc,t
khong 80%-85% nn c p dng kh ph bin sn xut
focmandehyde.
-c s ca Phng php kh n gin
Nhc im:
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Nhm 3.Lp CN Ha Dc-k53

Tiu lun mn tng hp hu c

- quy trnh cng ngh kh phc tp,s kh cng knh


-i hi ngi vn hnh cn c trnh iu chnh thong s ca
qu trnh.
2.2. Phng php sn xut HCHO i t kh CH4 v O2 vi xc tc l mui
ng v HCl.
2.2.1. Nguyn liu phn ng
2.2.1.1. Kh metan CH4:
2.2.1.1.1. Tnh cht vt l
mtan l cht kh khng mu, khng v
T trng v pha 0.717 kg/m3, gas
im nng chy 182.5 C (90.6 K) 1 atm
im si 161.6 C (111.55 K)
2.2.1.1.2 Tnh cht ha hc

Phn ng th

Cc phn ng thuc lien kt -C-C-

2.2.1.1.3. ng dng :
Nhin liu
Metan l mt nhin liu quan trng. So vi than , t chy metan sinh
ra t CO2 trn mi n v nhit gii phng. nhiu ni, mtan c dn ti
tng nh nhm mc ch si m v nu n. N thng c bit ti vi ci
tn kh thin nhin
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Nhm 3.Lp CN Ha Dc-k53

Tiu lun mn tng hp hu c

Trong cng nghip


Metan c dng trong nhiu phn ng ha cng nghip v c th c
chuyn ch di dng kh ha lng. Trong ha cng nghip, mtan l nguyn
liu sn xut hydro, methanol, axit axetic v anhydrit axetic.
Metan trong kh quyn Tri t
Mtan trong kh quyn l mt kh gy hiu ng nh knh. Mt ca n
tng khong 150% t nm 1750 v n nm 1998, mt trung bnh ca n
trn b mt Tri t l 1745 ppb. Mt bn cu Bc cao hn v c
nhiu ngun mtan hn (c thin nhin ln nhn to). Mt ca mtan thay
i theo ma, thp nht vo cui ma h.
2.2.1.2. Axit Clohidric HCl:
2.2.1.2.1. Tnh cht vt l:
Axit clohidric l cht lng trong sut, khng mu n vng nht.

Phn t gam 36,46 g/mol (HCl)

T trng 1,18 g/cm3 (a gi tr, y l t trng ca dung

dch 36-38%)

im nng chy : 27,32 C (247 K) Dung dch 38%.

im si : 110 C (383 K),dung dch 20,2%; 48 C (321 K),

dung dch 38%.

axt (pKa): 8,0

ha tan: tan trong imtyl te, tanol, mtanol

2.2.1.2.2. Tnh cht ha hc:


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Nhm 3.Lp CN Ha Dc-k53

Tiu lun mn tng hp hu c

Nh cc loi axt khc, HCl c kh nng tc dng vi:


Kim loi: Gii phng kh hir v to mui clorua (tr cc kim loi ng
sau hiro trong di hot ng ha hc nh Cu, Hg, Ag, Pt, Au).
Fe + 2HCl FeCl2+ H2
xt baz: To mui clorua v nc.
ZnO + 2HCl ZnCl2 + H2O
Baz: To mui clorua v nc.
NaOH + HCl NaCl + H2O
Mui: tc dng vi cc mui c gc anion hot ng yu hn to mui
mi v axt mi.
CaCO3 + 2HCl CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O
Ngoi ra, trong mt s phn ng HCl cn th hin tnh kh bng cch kh mt
s hp cht nh KMnO4(c), MnO2, KClO3 gii phng kh clo.
2KMnO4(c) + 16HCl 2KCl + 2MnCl2 + 5Cl2 + 8 H2O
MnO2 + 4HCl MnCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O
2.2.1.2.3. ng dng:

Ty g thp
Sn xut cc hp cht hu c
Sn xut cc hp cht v c
Kim sot v trung ha pH
Ti sinh bng cch trao i ion

2.2.1.3.Nguyn liu oxy.


2.1.3.1 Tnh cht vt l:
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Nhm 3.Lp CN Ha Dc-k53

Tiu lun mn tng hp hu c

nhit v p sut tiu chun, xy l cht kh khng mu, khng mi v


khng v c cng th phn t l O2
Nhit nng chy: 54,36 K -218,79 C, -361,82 F
Nhit si: -297,31 F -182,95 C, 90,20 K,
im ti hn: 154,59 K, 5,043 MPa
Nhit lng nng chy (O2): 0,444 kJmol1
Nhit lng bay hi(O2): 6,82 kJmol1
Nhit dung (O2): 29,378 Jmol1K1
2.2.1.2.2.ng dng:

xy c s dng lm cht xy ha, ch c flo c th in m cao hn


n. xy lng c s dng lm cht xy ha trong tn la y. xy l cht duy
tr s h hp, v th vic cung cp b sung xy c thy rng ri trong y t.
Nhng ngi leo ni hoc i trn my bay i khi cng c cung cp b sung
xy. xy c s dng trong cng ngh hn cng nh trong sn xut thp v
ru methanol.
xy, nh l mt cht kch thch nh, c lch s trong vic s dng trong
gii tr m hin nay vn cn s dng. Cc ct cha xy c th nhn thy trong
cc bui l hi ngy nay. Trong th k 19, xy thng c trn vi nit xt
lm cc cht gim au.

2.2.1.4. Xc tc mui ng CuCl2.


2.2.1.4.1. Tnh cht vt l:
Xut hin mu vng-nu rn (khan), rn mu xanh-mu xanh l cy
(dihydrate)
Mt ; 3,386 g / cm 3 (khan), 2,51 g / cm 3 (dihydrate)
im nng chy; 498 C (khan), 100 C (mt nc ca dihydrate)
Nhit si; 993 C (khan, decomp)
tan trong nc 706 g / L (0 C), 757 g / L (25 C) C
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Nhm 3.Lp CN Ha Dc-k53

Tiu lun mn tng hp hu c

2.2.1.4.2. ng dng:
C-cht xc tc trong qu trnh Wacker
Mt ng dng cng nghip ln i vi ng clorua (II) nh mt cht xc
tc- hp tc vi palladium chloride (II ) trong qu trnh Wacker . Trong qu
trnh ny, ethene (ethylene) l chuyn i sang ethanal (acetaldehyde) bng
cch s dng nc v khng kh. Trong phn ng, PdCl 2 l gim Pd , v CuCl
2

phc v ti xi ha tr li PdCl 2. Khng kh sau c th oxy ha cc kt

qu CuCl tr li CuCl 2, hon thnh chu k.


1.

C 2 H 4 + PdCl 2 + H 2 O CH 3 CHO + Pd + 2 HCl

2.

Pd + 2 CuCl 2 2 CuCl + PdCl 2

3.

4 CuCl + 4 HCl + O 2 4 CuCl 2 + 2 H 2 O

Ton b qu trnh l:
2 C 2 H 4 + O 2 2 CH 3 CHO
Xc tc clo ha
Clorua ng (II) xc tc clo ha trong sn xut nha vinyl clorua v
dichloroethane .
Cc ng dng khc tng hp hu c
Clorua ng (II) c mt lot cc ng dng chuyn ngnh trong tng hp
cc hp cht hu c [Tuy nhin, hiu ng clo ha ca hydrocarbon thm ny
thng c thc hin trong s hin din ca nhm oxit. N c th hp cht
gc Clo cc v tr alpha ca cc hp cht cacbonyl :

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Nhm 3.Lp CN Ha Dc-k53

Tiu lun mn tng hp hu c

Phn ng ny c thc hin trong mt dung mi cc nh


dimethylformamide (DMF), thng trong s hin din ca lithium chloride ,
tng tc phn ng.
2.2.2.C S Phng Php:
Da vo 3 giai on chnh ca qu trnh phn ng l: giai on 1 l
phn ng oxy clo metan ha to hn hp sn phm trung gian, giai on 2 l
qu trnh thu sn phm chn lc trung gian l CH2Cl2 v giai on th 3 l giai
on phn ng thy phn thu sn phm HCHO.
2.2.3.S dy chuyn sn xut.
2.2.3.1.S dy chuyn.

CH3Cl

HCl
40

50

10
CH4
O2

CH2Cl2

20
H2

CH3Cl
CH2Cl2
H2O CHCl3

30
CH2O

CH2Cl2
HCl

H2O
CH2Cl2
CHCl3

CHCl3

FIG 1
10:thit b xy ra phn ng oxy clo metan ha
20:thit b xy ra phn ng kh ha triclometan thnh diclometan
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Nhm 3.Lp CN Ha Dc-k53

Tiu lun mn tng hp hu c

30:thit b xy ra phn ng thy phn


40:thp ct phn on ln 1
50: thp chng ct phn on ln 2
2.2.3.2.Thuyt minh s dy chuyn.
giai on 1:xy ra phn ng oxy clo metan ha
thit b s 10 l thit b phn ng giai on 1

HCl

H2O + CH3Cl (ln CH2Cl2,CHCl3)

CH4 + O2 + CH3Cl
Mui ng

Phn ng tin hnh bng cch pha kh sc vo pha lng ,tin hnh
nhit 375oC.Xc tc l mui ng CuCl2 v HCl
C ch phn ng xy ra trong thit b s 10: l mt chui phn ng dy
chuyn.
2CuCl2

2CuCl + Cl2

(1)

CH4 + Cl2

CH3Cl + HCl

(2)

CuO.CuCl2 + 2HCl

2CuCl2 + H2O

(3)

2CuCl + O2

CuO.CuCl2

(4)

2CH4 + Cl2 + O2

2CH3Cl + H2O

(5)

CH4 + HCl + O2

CH3Cl + H2O

(6)

CH4 +Cl2 + O2

CH2Cl2 + H2O

(7)

CH4 +2 HCl + O2

CH2Cl2 + 2H2O

(8)

2CH4 + 3Cl2 + 3/2 O2

2CHCl3 + 3H2O

(9)

CH4 + 3HCl +3/2 O2

CHCl3 + 3H2O

(10)

CH4 + 2Cl2 + O2

CCl4 + 2H2O

CH4 + 4HCl + 2O2

CCl4 + 4H2O

(11)
(12)

18
Nhm 3.Lp CN Ha Dc-k53

Tiu lun mn tng hp hu c

Qu trnh ny thu c hn hp cc sn phm clometan, iclometan,


triclometan.hn hp ny c a qua thit b 40 l thit b chng ct phn
on da vo nhit si khc nhau ca cc cu t,sn phm clometan c
tch ra trn nh thp v c cho quay li thit b phn ng s 10.y thp 40
thu c hn hp i clometan v tri clometan.sau h hp ny tip tc c
a sang thp ct phn on s 50 nhm tch 2 cu t ra khi nhau,iclometan
c nhit si thp hn i ra trn nh thp,y thp i ra triclometan.
-Giai on th 2 ca phn ng chnh l giai on kh ha xy ra trong thit b
s 20.ti y xy ra phn ng
CHCl3 + H2

CH2Cl2 + HCl

Trong giai on ny th phn ng c th tin hnh theo 2 cch:


+ th nht phn ng xy ra 10,98at,200oC,Kp=3,4
+th hai l phn ng xy ra 8,25at v400oC,Kp=4,83
Xc tc y c th dung l Ni,Fe,Co
-Giai on 3 ca phn ng chnh l phn ng thy phn thu formandehyt.
CH2Cl2 c i t thit b s 20 v 50 sang thit b thy phn s 30.ti
y xy ra qu trnh thy phn sinh ra H CHO.
CH2Cl2 + H2O

HCHO + 2HCL

HCL c cho quay li lm xc tc cho giai on phn ng 1 cn


HCHO c ly ra v em i tinh ch,loi tp.
2.2.3.3.u,nhc im ca Phng php.
- u im:phng php kh n gin,d hiu v d vn hnh.nguyn liu
u vo i t metan v oxy l nhng nguyn liu thin nhin nn d kim,gi
thnh hp l.
- nhc im:s c nhiu sn phm ph c to ra,hiu sut to sn
phm khng cao lm, khong 40%-60%.

19
Nhm 3.Lp CN Ha Dc-k53

Tiu lun mn tng hp hu c

PHN 3:KT LUN


Trn y l 2 phng php sn xut formandehyde c ng dng
kh ph bin trong cng nghip.mi phng php c 1 quy trnh cng ngh
khc nhau v cng c nhng u im v nhc im khc nhau nhng u l
nhng phng php c s dng kh ph bin.trong thi gian c hn nn
chng em ch tm hiu dc 2 phng php v cng cn mt s phn cha nm
r.chng em rt mong c s gp ca c gio chng em c th nm r
hn 2 phng php ny.mt ln na chng em xin chn thnh cm n c gio
inh Th Phng Anh trong thi gian qua nhit tnh gip v ch bo
chng em chng em hon thnh tiu lun!
Xin Chn Thnh Cm n!

20
Nhm 3.Lp CN Ha Dc-k53

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