Case study : Ecotourism - Belize

BI TP DU LCH SINH THI

DU LCH SINH THI - BELIZE
Cu 1: c hiu case - study Du lch sinh thi l mt vn c ni ti v bn lun nhiu nht ngy nay khi ni ti du lch v nhng l do sau: N vn l mt hin tng tng i mi, m cha c nhng nh

ngha thng nht trn ton cu.

Trong khi mt s ngi nhn ra n l mt nim hi vng ln cho du

lch bn vng, th nhng ngi khc li cho rng n tim n nhng ri ro ln v s e da ln ti du lch bn vng.

Thut ng ny c nm bt bi ngnh du lch gip xc tin

sn phm ca n,c a ra bi nhng nhn thc r rng ci c cho l iu tt. Hi ng t vn v mi trng Canada nh ngha n nh sau: Du lch sinh thi l mt tri nghim v du lch t nhin ang c khai sng ci m chi phi ti s bo tn h sinh thi, trong khi nh gi cao s nguyn vn ca cng ng s ti. Ngun : Scace, Grifone v Usher,1992 Rt nhiu ngnh du lch hin i da vo t nhin v thin nhin hoang d nhng rt nhiu trong s ny khng t c s th thch ca du lch sinh thi trong gii hn ca s bo tn h sinh thi v tn trng cng ng s ti.

Gvhd: PGS. TS Nguyn Vn Mnh

Case study : Ecotourism - Belize

Boyd v Butler vo nm 1993 ngh rng du lch sinh thi phi c nhn nhn nh mt khi nim linh hot v ch ng ci m c th c ngha l nhng iu khc nhau trong nhng bi cnh im n khc nhau. Wight ngi vit rt rng v ng lc ca khch du lch sinh thi ch nh sau: ng lc ca khch du lch sinh thi chng cho ln nhau vi nhng loi khch du lch khc, khch du lch sinh thi cng ch c nh ngha bi sn phm ci m chng to ra li ch. Trong phn ln hn, nh t chc tour hoc ngi chuyn giao sn phm cng quyt nh liu rng mt tri nghim, mt trong ngnh du lch sinh thi, vi s lin kt gi tr v o c, hay mt trong nhng s sng to ni chng hay mt s mo him. Du lch sinh thi nhanh chng tr thnh mt phn vng chc ca du lch hin i, ci m c th c nhn thy t thc t l : Nm 2002 c nh du nh mt nm quc t ca du lch sinh thi

bi nc M, ci m ln ti tt nh trong hi ngh chuyn quc t Canada thng 5 nm 2002.

Du lch sinh thi hin nay c nhng t chc phi chnh ph quc t

chuyn dng ca n,hi du lch sinh thi quc t ni c hn 160 thnh vin trn 100 nc. K ngh du lch sinh thi c th bao gm ton b s a dng ca ti v s quan tm, bao gm i b,tour du lch, cuc hnh trnh hoang d, v xem chim. Cng nh k ngh du lch sinh thi, khch du lch sinh thi trong k ngh chnh c th dng mt s ngy cho du lch sinh thi nh 1 phn ca k ngh ca h.Thm vo , du lch sinh thi c th bao gm c n l v trn gi.

Gvhd: PGS. TS Nguyn Vn Mnh

Case study : Ecotourism - Belize

Tourism Concern, trong n phm xut bn ngy 26 thng 2 nm 2002, nhn ra s quan trng ca du lch sinh thi trong du lch, nh sau Du lch sinh thi l mt th trng ngch : T chc du lch th gii c lng c du lch sinh thi cho kt qu 2 ti 4 % ca ton b s tiu dng du lch quc t ( bng vi s lng ca du lch MICE) Du lch sinh thi hin nay c coi l mt th trng ngch sinh li nht trong ngnh du lch khi m khch du lch sinh thi tiu dng nhiu hn du lch i chng. Khch du lch tiu dng cao, yu thin nhin, v c trch nhim r rng l mt la chn hp dn cho chnh ph ang tm kim cch kim ngoi t. Tuy nhin chng ta c th thy cng ty du lch lo lng v mt vi nh hng tim n m du lch sinh thi mang li. S nhn thc v du lch sinh thi thc s pht trin cao M,ni ting v pht trin nhanh mt s nc nh Anh, nhng vn t c bit n trn rt nhiu nc trn th gii. Nhng nh hng ln c to ra thit lp kch c ca th trng du lch sinh thi M.Hi du lch sinh thi quc t bo co v nghin cu v iu ny vo nm 1998, khong 48 % ngi M tham gia vo hot ng du lch da vo thin nhin. 30% ngi tr li kho st khng nh rng du lch da vo thin nhin l mt nhn t chnh ca k ngh. Nghin cu ny din ra tt c cc bang ca M tr Florida, c ch o bi Bruskin Goldring, cung cp kt qu chi tit di y

Gvhd: PGS. TS Nguyn Vn Mnh

Case study : Ecotourism - Belize

Chuyn i c ln k hoch cho nhng hot ng da vo thin nhin nh i b ng di, p xe,chim ngng ng vt, cho thuyn, v ti cng vin s chim phn ln thi gian ca chuyn i (14,5%). Chuyn i c ln k hoch tham gia cc hot ng da vo thin nhin chim mt cht thi gian ca chuyn i (15,8%) Mt vi hot ng da vo thin nhin c yu thch trong chuyn i, mc d chng khng c ln k hoch trc (17,8%). Tng s ngi s dng thc (48,1%) Loi hot ng no bn tham gia trong sut chuyn i du lch da vo thin nhin Cc hot ng c chn lc : Hot ng Thm vn quc gia i b Khm ph vng bo tn Thm ng vt hoang d ng mn t nhin trong h sinh thi a im t nhin c nht Gio dc v t nhin Chim ngng chim T l ngi tham gia(%) 55,8% 55.0% 48,8% 45,8% 37,1% 27,5% 20,3% 19,5%

Gvhd: PGS. TS Nguyn Vn Mnh

Case study : Ecotourism - Belize

p xe Cu c Ln di nc hoc ln bin Khm ph mt m ly c bo v ln m ly Ni hoc leo ni Cho thuyn hoc i thuyn kayak Chn nui gia sc Bi Cho thuyn Bi bin Tham quan i dng Cm tri Tham quan i b

18,7% 17,9% 14,7% 12,0% 11,6% 9,2% 4,0% 3,6% 3,6% 3,2% 2,8% 2,0% 1,2% 1,2%

Tuy nhin, nu chng ta xem li nh ngha v du lch sinh thi ca ngi Canada, ci m hon ton c chp nhn rng ri , sau d liu lin quan ti du lch t nhin v khng nht thit l du lch sinh thi.Ch bi ai thch xem chim hay i b, iu khng c ngha chng chc chn l bo tn mi trng, hay coi trng cng ng a phng. Nhng s phn tch ging nhau c to bi nhng d liu ci m thng c trnh by v s lc v ng lc ca khch du lch c nhn. Ni v iu ny, tht th v thy c loi ngi ang hng ti du lch sinh thi hay du lch t nhin M.

Gvhd: PGS. TS Nguyn Vn Mnh

Case study : Ecotourism - Belize

Theo nh t chc du lch sinh thi quc t, s lc v th trng du lch sinh thi M bao gm nhng im quan trng di y: - tui TB: 35 54 tui -50 % khch du lch sinh thi l n. -82 % khch du lch sinh thi M c trnh cao ng tr ln -Hn 50 % chuyn i ko di 1 tun hoc hn th. -Hn 60 % khch du lch i theo cp. T chc du lch sinh thi quc t cng nhn rng mt vi kiu du lch sinh thi tri qua s kh khn, tri nghim hoang d ch ng trong khi n c lm nh ti mt s im n. Du lch sinh thi v du lch bn vng Vo thi gian u ca du lch sinh thi n thng c xem nh l cng bn cht vi DLBV. Khi n pht trin, mt vi quan im li nhn mnh DLST hin khng cn l cng mt trng hp Nhng tranh ci gia du lch sinh thi v bn vng, du lch c trch nhim, c m t bi mt nhm Vng quc Anh, Tour Concern.Trong mt thng co bo ch phc tho nhng lo ngi ca t chc v Nm quc t v du lch sinh thi (IYE), lu nhng iu sau y: Tour Concern ng h du lch bn vng v du lch c trch nhim. Tuy nhin, chng ta s thy rng nhng vn pht trin du lch khng bn vng khng th c gii quyt bng cch xc tin du lch sinh thi ", l mt th trng ngch nh v cng c th, bi bn cht ca n, i hi phi pht

Gvhd: PGS. TS Nguyn Vn Mnh

Case study : Ecotourism - Belize

trin du lch trong khu vc nhy cm. iu ny c th c gy kh khn nu nhu cu cho du lch sinh thi tng ng k. ng Patricia Barnett, gim c ca Tourism Concern ni Tour Concern v cng hi lng vi cc chin dch vn ng cc quc gia im n, n to p lc nhn ra rng ngay c du lch sinh thi c th c tc ng tiu cc n ngi dn a phng v mi trng v cn xem xt cn thn. Du lch cn mang li li ch cho ngi dn a phng v mi trng ca h, bao gm c 'du lch sinh thi Tour Concern lun lun ch ra rng ch v mt ci g c bn trn th trng vi ci mc 'du lch sinh thi', khng c ngha l nht thit n phi h tr bo v mi trng trong di hn. iu ny ng ngay c cc nc cng c bit n nh im n du lch sinh thi ni ting nh Belize, Costarica Du lch sinh thi c th l bt c iu g m ai mun .Khng c nh ngha quc t c chp nhn rng ri ca du lch sinh thi v khng c h thng chng nhn v cng khng c c quan gim st quc t v DLST. Thut ng ny c th c s dng bi bt c ai bt c lc no cho bt c iu g t mt khu rng nhit i quy m nh do a phng qun l thu li tin h tr cng ng a phng, hay nhng khu ngh mt sang trng, ln, thuc s hu nc ngoi c s tham gia rt nh ca cng ng nh v s dng khi lng ti nguyn thin nhin v cng ln. S tiu dng ngy cng nhiu cc ngun ti nguyn cho du lch nh ti nguyn t, nc v nng lng - c ngha rng ngnh du lch v cc chnh ph ang ngy cng i mt vi s phn i v quyn s dng t v quyn v nc ca ngi dn a phng.

Gvhd: PGS. TS Nguyn Vn Mnh

Case study : Ecotourism - Belize

Khch DLST c th n thng cnh quc gia v nhng khu hoang d m khng nhn ra rng ngi dn a phng b ui ra khi khu vc ny pht trin du lch sinh thi nh nhng g xy ra ng Phi, n , Nam Phi v nhiu im n khc. Ngun: Tourism Concern, thng 1 nm 2002 Trong cng mt n bn pht hnh, Tour Concern thu ht s ch n cc v d trong nhng vn gy ra bi DLST nhng ni nh Bolivia, Trung Quc, Thi Lan, v Botswana. ng thi, h cung cp chi tit v nhng g h tuyn b l v d v du lch sinh thi da vo cng ng Ecuador, Gambia, Namibia, Kenya, v Thi Lan. Cc t chc mun thy nhiu hn vic cng ng a phng tp trung lm DLST, s gn kt lin tng ti du lch bn vng. Hy nhn chi tit vo vai tr ca du lch sinh thi cc quc gia ni ting vi nh Belize Belize Belize t lu c xem nh nh l im sng v thc hin tt trong quy hoch du lch quc gia, mt quc gia dnh ring cho pht trin bn vng du lch sinh thi. Trang web ca ring ca t chc du lch ca chnh ph t ra trit l pht trin du lch, sau y l v d: Tm nhn ca Belize l pht trin ngnh du lch nh l mt u tin quc gia, vi trng tm chnh v du lch c trch nhim, nhm mc ch hot ng hng hi, lch s t nhin, v th trng du lch mo him. s Pht trin v xc tin ca ngnh s c thc hin khuyn khch mnh m o c sinh thi

Gvhd: PGS. TS Nguyn Vn Mnh

Case study : Ecotourism - Belize

m bo tnh bn vng mi trng v vn ha - x hi, thc y phn phi cng bng li ch kinh t, v pht trin mt hnh nh mnh m, tch cc cho Belize. K hoch chin lc cho du lch Belize c chun b vi s mong i rng s kch thch tng trng kinh t, trong khi vn bo v ti nguyn mi trng v cc di sn ca t nc, v m bo li ch cho ngi dn a phng. B Du lch Belize thng qua mt chnh sch tp trung vo du lch c trch nhim. Du lch c trch nhim s l nguyn tc quan trng hng dn cho pht trin du lch trong tng lai. Thay v c gng xc nh mt loi hnh du lch, du lch c trch nhim cp n mt nn o c v mt b cc thc hnh c tnh ph mt kha hc hp l cho tt c cc loi du lch, t nhng g c th gi l "DLST su sc mt u ca quy m thng thng hn, i chng tourism'at khc. N c th c xem nh l quy hoch, chnh sch v pht trin du lch m bo rng cc li ch c u phn phi ti gia cc bn lin quan v ti nguyn du lch c qun l t c li ch ti u cho ngi dn Belize. Th trng mc tiu bao gm nhng ngi quan tm ti cc hot ng gn vi bin (ln, bi, c), cuc phiu lu (kho c hc, i b ng di, xem chim, thm him hang ng, lch s t nhin), gia nh, ngi v hu, hnh khch tu du lch, chi game, tun trng mt / m ci, cuc hp Nhng thch thc phi i mt vi ngnh du lch Belize bao gm s cn thit phi c chin lc pht trin v nng cp sn phm ca mnh, s cn thit phi duy tr cht lng nguyn s ca mi trng, s cn thit tip th c hiu nng cao nng sut, li nhun, tip th cho th trng ngch, v s cn thit
Gvhd: PGS. TS Nguyn Vn Mnh 9

Case study : Ecotourism - Belize

phi to mi lin kt mnh m gia khu vc cng v t nhn, v cc t chc phi chnh ph v cng ng trn khp t nc. Du lch nm gi tim nng tuyt vi nh l mt cht xc tc cho tng trng kinh t. V l do ny, du lch phi c xem xt nh l mt u tin quc gia. Ngnh du lch c mi lin kt mnh m vi nhiu lnh vc khc. Ngnh cng nghip to nhiu vic lm, v cng l mt ngun thu ln ca chnh ph. Lm Du lch cng c ngha l kinh doanh! Ngun: www.belizetourism.org / policy.html Ngnh du lch ti Belize c t chc tt cp chnh ph vi B Du lch v Thanh nin trong giao trch nhim cho Hi ng Du lch Belize. Trch nhim c phn chia r rng gia hai bn c nhn thy trong m hnh 25,1. Belize Tourism Board Ministry of Tourism

A C

B E D

F G

H I

A Marketing/ Quan h cng chng B Ti chnh/ Qun tr C Pht trin sn phm D n v qun l kho c hc

F Chnh quyn qun l G T chc Mundo Maya H Qun l truyn hnh Belize I Thanh nin

Gvhd: PGS. TS Nguyn Vn Mnh

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Case study : Ecotourism - Belize

E Hi ng du lch quc gia Belize M hnh 25,1 T chc Du lch Chnh ph Belize (Ngun: website Belize Tourism.org). Trn giy t, t nht, iu ny i din cho mt phng php tip cn tch hp, ton din chnh sch du lch vi cc lin kt ang c thc hin gia kho c hc, du lch v pht sng. Khu vc t nhn cng c mt s ca cc t chc i din cho li ch ca n bao gm c Hip hi Belize Cng nghip Du lch, Hip hi khch sn Belize, v Belize Nh iu hnh Hip hi du lch quc gia. Belize Tng cc Du lch B Du lch

Ngoi ra cn c cc t chc phi chnh ph c lp trong lnh vc du lch, mt s trong c h tr ca cc c quan bn ngoi, chng hn nh Lin Hip Quc. Belize lun thnh cng trong vic thc y thng ip du lch sinh thi sang cc th trng trn th gii, v c bit l th trng M. Tuy nhin, bo co chnh thc ngnh du lch Belize, ly t hi ng qun tr web du lch ca chnh ph, c nhng im th v sau y: Nm 2001, Belize, quc gia c xem nh l im n DLST ni bt nht th gii n gn 200.000 khch du lch (195.955). iu ny phn nh quy m du lch sinh thi y vn kh l nh nhng n khng thc s i din cho mt phn ng k trong th phn ca ngnh du lch chu M. iu ny cng c quan im rng, v bn cht ca n, du lch sinh thi cha phi l mt loi hnh thay th cho du lch i chng. Hn 50% khch n t M
Gvhd: PGS. TS Nguyn Vn Mnh 11

Case study : Ecotourism - Belize

Khong 1 / 4 l khch du lch tu bin, mt loi hnh du lch khng theo truyn thng c xem l c bit bn vng hoc c trch nhim. S lng khch du lch tu bin tnh t nm 1997 n 2001 tng gn 2000%.. Khch du lch chi khong 120 triu USD vo nm 2001, Belize trung bnh mi khch chi tiu 600 USD, khng phi l mt con s c bit cao i vi mt im n cht lng cao. Nn kinh t Belize ang tr nn ph thuc nhiu vo du lch. Hin nay, n ng gp khong 15% GDP v 25% thu nhp ngoi hi. Nm 2001, gn 15% khch du lch n thm cng vin quc gia hoc khu bo tn thin nhin. im n thu ht nht l khu kho c ngi Maya thu ht c khong 1 / 6 tng s khch du lch, v khu n th kh u ch thu ht ch c 2% tng s khch du lch. iu ny gy nn i cht ngc nhin, nhn mnh vo vic Belize l mt im n du lch sinh thi. Mt khc, vn th Belize v khu d tr Hol Chan Marin thu ht khong 20% tng s khch du lch. Theo ti liu trch t trang web du lch ca chnh ph cho thy, chnh ph mun thu ht u t trong ngnh du lch: Chnh ph ca Belize l hon ton cam kt thc hin cc chng trnh kinh t, chnh sch cn thit to mi trng thun li cho u t trong v ngoi nc. c bit u i v nhng b u t c sp xp hp l to iu kin thun li m rng ngnh du lch. Nhng khon u t to nn s tng trng ng k v cc ch s tch cc a ra nhiu sng kin cho pht trin trong hn hai nm qua.

Gvhd: PGS. TS Nguyn Vn Mnh

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Case study : Ecotourism - Belize

Chnh ph Belize quan tm n vic pht trin quan h i tc mi v lin minh vi cc nh u t trong v ngoi nc. Cam kt ny, km theo cc sng kin sng to khc lm cho Belize tr thnh mt ni c c hi u t vng. Ngun: Belize Tourism.org trang web Khng cn phi nghi ng rng nhng n lc tuyt vi c thc hin pht trin du lch c trch nhim Belize v tun th cc nguyn tc ca du lch sinh thi. t nc c nhiu sng kin giu tr tng tng m c th tm gn nh sau

Cung cp cc chng trnh gio dc khc nhau, t vi gi n vi ngy. Chi nhnh Caye Caulker ca t chc du lch sinh thi Belize, Hip hi Du

lch Belize, pht trin mt s d n bo tn v cc trung tm ti nguyn. Cc d n ny lin quan n c hai loi nhn vin :hi c tr tin v tnh nguyn vin. Mt d n o to ln, c ti tr bi mt khon vay t Ngn hng Pht Vin v C quan Qun l vng ven bin, c vai tr l mi nhn vic bo trin Quc t (IDB) tn cc ngun ti nguyn ca t nc. iu ny l v cng quan trng, th hin tm quan trng ca du lch ln bin Belize. Khu n th The Monkey Bay rng 400 hecta l thuc s hu t nhn. Lnh vc trng hc, mi trng gio dc trung tm trn khp t nc,

Tuy nhin, s pht trin ca Belize cng t ra mt s thch thc cho du lch c bit Belize, mt trong s chng ta s xem xt by gi. Th nht, cc tu du lch chuyn ch 1 / 4 khch du lch ca t nc. u t ti cc c s cng mi gip kch thch s gia tng v lt khch du lch n Belize t 2.678 nm 1997 ln 48.116 lt trong nm 2001. Du lch tu bin tiu
Gvhd: PGS. TS Nguyn Vn Mnh 13

Case study : Ecotourism - Belize

biu cho mt hnh thc du lch c o m c th l mt mi e da cho du lch bn vng theo mt s cch khc nhau, t nhim n tnh trng qu ti vo mt s thi im. Mt s trong nhng vn lin quan n du lch tu bin c minh ha bng cc ti liu trch ra t trang web ca mt du khch tu bin n Belize thng 8 nm 2002: Chng ti n Belize lc 8 gi. Do cc rn san h v cc vng nc nng, chng ti th neo khong 4 dm ngoi khi, mt chuyn i 30 pht bng tu cao tc, mi ci gn ba ng c ln. Chng ti c tour du lch bng tu ti Lamanai v sng New , v chng ti cng mun n thm t nht l khu thnh a Maya trn hnh trnh ny. Tt c a im ln u c mt khong cch kh hp l t cc cng, v lm cho mt mnh bn, iu ny lm cho khi bn s khng th xut pht u tin (trn cc tour du lch ca tu c u tin khi u thu) th n s ct gim thi gian c sn rt tt trong hu ht cc trng hp. Marine Terminal l ca bin kh l mi vi cc ph thc phm v cc ca hng mua sm rt phong ph, st cnh Lng Du lch Belize '. l ni bn n mua sm, nhng chng ti khng th i thm v xe th ang i. y l nhng chic xe c iu ha khng kh rt hin i. Nhng ti li mong i mt ci g c in hn mt cht. Cuc hnh trnh ti Tower Hill, ni chng ti i thuyn trn con sng New, mt khong 1 gi 15 pht. y chng ti c pht mt chai nc v ngi trn chic thuyn nh, 12 ngi mt thuyn v chng ti bt u tng tc, trong 1 ting ri ng h xui dng con sng New, chng ti thng xuyn dng li hng dn vin du lch ni v cc h thc vt v ng vt hoang d chng ti m chng ti ang ngang qua.
Gvhd: PGS. TS Nguyn Vn Mnh 14

Case study : Ecotourism - Belize

i thuyn ngc ln Tower Hill nhanh nht c th. Nc chy xit v xoy, bt nc phun xi x. Chng ti c bo v bi nhng tm vn che ton thn. Nc tt vo mt v chng ti phi ci xung di nhng tm vn. Ti Tower Hill c mt gian hng c thit k mi ngi c th mua c mt cc bia mt lnh Belize Belikin vi gi 2 $ mt chai. Ti khng phi l ngi nghin bia, nhng do b kht nc chng ti cng ung vi chai, v qu tht v ca n cng thu ht ti vi ti. Tht ng th. Khi tr Terminal Cruise mt tri li l rng, nhng khng cn thi gian mua sm. Ti nhn vo cc ca hng chng ti i ngang qua, nhng n di chuyn qu nhanh v ngay khi ti i vo bn trong th Howard gi ti li. C mt vi quy hng ti Lamanai v ti bn thuyn ti Tower Hill, ni ti mua mt s th. Tower Hill r hn. Ngun: Mayan.co.uk R rng trong phn cn li bo co ca cc chuyn ving thm, cc du khch c mt thi gian tuyt vi, nhng chng ti vn cn c nhng n tng khng my tt p, v mt chuyn i qu vi v ch trong mt vi gi, n khng phi l thi gian cho mt chuyn DLST Mt khc, hnh khch du lch tu bin chim mt t l ln trong tng s cc chi ph ca khch du lch Belize. Th hai, c nhiu gi tour c thit k bi cc cng ty l hnh v cc hng i l du lch. Cc nh hc gi tm thy nhng tour du lch cht lng cao v v cng th v c cung cp vo nm 2002 ca Gobal Travel. N kt hp "ngc lc bo huyn b ca khu rng nhit i vi ng vt hoang d v cc ngi n ca ngi Maya huyn b trn mt hn o nhit i bnh d". (Trang web du lch ton cu).

Gvhd: PGS. TS Nguyn Vn Mnh

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Case study : Ecotourism - Belize

Trong bi cnh du lch c trch nhim v du lch sinh thi, mt s thng tin t trang web ny thu ht s ch ca c gi, c th nh sau:

Nm 2002 mc gi tng i cao, cc tour du lch ko di 7-m chi ph

khong $1265 v $ 1620 cho mi ngi, khng bao gm v my bay cc chuyn n v i t Belize. Cc khch sn chuyn phc v cho cc tour ni a vi nt c trng l h bi, phng c trang b in thoi, v truyn hnh cp. iu ny c v mt cht mu thun vi khi nim ca s n gin m thng ng trong du lch sinh thi. Vo ngy th 2, mi ngi c tham gia chuyn du lch "leo ln nh Maya, ni tuyt vi cho cc bc nh ton cnh c l khng phi l li khuyn mang tnh trch nhim nht cung cp cho khch du lch ti mt a im di sn Mt khc, hnh trnh tour du lch c trng ca d n bo tn Green Iguana v pht huy "Adopt an Iguana' chng trnh. Khch du lch c th ng gp v m bo cho Adoption option. Th ba, l vn ln bin ngm cc rn san h bn b bin Belize. Bo tn bin c pht trin bo v cc sinh vt bin. Mt khc, ln bin c bit c xc tin nh mt sn phm du lch trng im Belize. Tht th v, trn trang web ca Belize, di tiu ca vn bn d tr bo tn / mi trng cho cc Hol Chan b bin: Ngm cc rn san h, vi ng th bi cnh c mp, c ui, tri nghim ti cng vin bin u tin Belize, lu gi nhng bc nh v cuc sng di lng i dng Belize. Ngun: Belizenet.com web site

Gvhd: PGS. TS Nguyn Vn Mnh

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Case study : Ecotourism - Belize

iu ny dng nh khng thc y mt thi trch nhim i vi nhng g c coi l mt khu bo tn thin nhin Th t, c mt s khu ngh mt mc ln li gy nn nhng mu thun tranh ci vi nhng ci nhn thc v du lch c trch nhim hay DLST. V d, cc khu ngh dng bi bin Matu Chica trn trang web Gobal Travel c qung b xc tin nh a im thu ht khch trn cc kha cnh: Cc khu bit th cao cp ti vnh Ca-ri-b v vi snh khch sn c Cc ha tit rang tr bi mt ha s ngi Php. Nh hng m thc v quc t. Cc dch v phng lun lun sn sng.

trang b mt h thng m thanh cht lng cao cp.

Nm 2003, gi phng bao gm c v my bay v n sng, nhng khng bao gm thu v ph dch v cho mi ngi ln, dao ng t $ 160 n $ 590 mt ngy. Belize i din cho mt v d v mt nc ang pht trin c nhng n lc tuyt vi pht trin hnh thc du lch c trch nhim, vi mt s thnh cng. N c s ti tr v gip ca cc t chc phi chnh ph bn ngoi v cc t chc nh Lin hp quc. Tuy nhin, nh chng ta thy, ngnh cng nghip du lch vi s cp thit phi p ng nhu cu ca khch du lch, lin tc t p lc ln cc im n gy mu thun vi nhng nhn thc v du lch c trch nhim hay du lch sinh thi. Vn ct yu Du lch sinh thi l lnh vc a dng phc tp ca ngnh du lch khng phi lc no cng c nh ngha mt cch chnh xc bi cc nh bnh lun.

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Thng thng, du lch sinh thi l ch du lch da vo t nhin, m khng c s nhn mnh vo bo tn v tn trng i vi cng ng s ti mt nhn thc tim n trong khi nim v du lch sinh thi. Ngnh du lch nhanh chng nhn thy c ci li ca DLST, mt on th trng nghch c kh nng chi tiu cao. N dn n nhiu s thi phng vi tuyn b khng r rng ca cc nh iu hnh tour du lch v sn phm ca h v v "du lch sinh thi '. Du lch sinh thi khng phi l mt khi nim c cng nhn bnh ng v pht trin trn khp th gii. N c nh hnh trong iu kin ca th trng M v ti cc im n Trung M. Tour Du lch sinh thi c th c thit k c lp hay trong mt tour trn gi. Vic thiu mt nh ngha chnh xc lm cho n kh khn o lng th trng du lch sinh thi mt cch chnh xc. Hu ht du lch sinh thi tp trung vo mi trng t nhin, hoc ni hoang d hoc trong cc khu vc dn c, ni vn ha dn c s ti c th l mt l mt yu t thu ht khch du lch. Vi gi trung bnh trn cho mt tri nghim DLST, v hu ht trong nhng im n du lch sinh thi, n c v l mt hot ng kh gi m. Du lch sinh thi khng phi l mt s thay th cho du lch i chng bi v cc chi ph v s xa xi ca im n. Tuy nhin, nu n pht trin hn na, mt s cc im n du lch sinh thi c th thu ht mt th trng rng ln hn trong tng lai, ging nh nhng g xy ra vi loi hnh du lch xem th hoang d Kenya 20 nm trc.

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Case study : Ecotourism - Belize

Du lch sinh thi c th c xem nh mt hot ng thin v tnh tri nghim c nhn ti nhng ni t ngi c kh nng i n, mc d h bit rng nhng ni ny thng nguy him v d gy nhng tn thng. Khng cn phi nghi ng g na, rng Brian Wheeller i tn thnh du lch sinh thi cc nc ang pht trin, bao gm Belize, chnh ph c h tr t cc nc pht trin v cc c quan nh Lin hp quc, pht trin DLST. N phn nh mt nim tin thc s rng DLST c th gip cc nc pht trin nhng mt khc phi tha nhn rng khch DLST thng li t nhng nc nc pht trin. V d ca Belize cho thy, ngay c khi mt chnh ph thc s cam kt pht trin du lch sinh thi thc s, vn c th n s tr thnh ngnh cng nghip pht trin v s tm cch khai thc th trng bo b ny. Mt s hnh thc du lch t nhin, chng hn nh sn bn, gy rt nhiu tranh ci v c l nhiu ngi s khng coi l du lch sinh thi Chng ta khng bit rng liu du lch sinh thi s c th ch l mt xu hng i qua hoc n c th tn ti lu di v ln mnh trong th trng du lch ton cu. S tht l th v xem xem liu rng cc nc mi pht trin, v cc nc ang pht trin s tip tc theo ui DLST. Hoc h s c thi khc i vi ng vt hoang d v i sng hoang d, cho rng nhiu nc ang pht trin h c th cm thy h phi c gng ch ng c hai gip t nc h pht trin. Kt lun Du lch sinh thi l mt trong nhng khi nim kh hin i hin nay. Trong khi n c cho l nhy cm vi mi trng v lin quan n quyn con ngi v nhu cu ca cng ng a phng, i khi n c th nhn mt cch n gin nh

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Case study : Ecotourism - Belize

khai thc thin nhin v li ch ca khch du lch, bt k nhng tc ng tiu cc n c th c i vi mi trng v cng ng a phng. Khi n c ch trng pht trin, n c th bt u gy nn nhng tc ng tiu cc ging nh loi hnh du lch i chng. Ch c tng lai s ni cho chng ta bit liu du lch sinh thi s tr thnh mt vn hoc mt gii php tim nng trong bi cnh ca cuc u tranh cho du lch bn vng, n c th l c hai. Cu 2: Cc vn c cp ti trong bi Du lch sinh thi l lnh vc a dng phc tp ca ngnh du lch khng phi lc no cng c nh ngha mt cch chnh xc bi cc nh bnh lun. Thng thng, du lch sinh thi l ch du lch da vo t nhin, m khng c s nhn mnh vo bo tn v tn trng i vi cng ng s ti mt nhn thc tim n trong khi nim v du lch sinh thi. Ngnh du lch nhanh chng nhn thy c ci li ca DLST, mt on th trng nghch c kh nng chi tiu cao. N dn n nhiu s thi phng vi tuyn b khng r rng ca cc nh iu hnh tour du lch v sn phm ca h v v "du lch sinh thi '. Du lch sinh thi khng phi l mt khi nim c cng nhn bnh ng v pht trin trn khp th gii. N c nh hnh trong iu kin ca th trng M v ti cc im n Trung M. Tour Du lch sinh thi c th c thit k c lp hay trong mt tour trn gi. Vic thiu mt nh ngha chnh xc lm cho n kh khn o lng th trng du lch sinh thi mt cch chnh xc.

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Case study : Ecotourism - Belize

Hu ht du lch sinh thi tp trung vo mi trng t nhin, hoc ni hoang d hoc trong cc khu vc dn c, ni vn ha dn c s ti c th l mt l mt yu t thu ht khch du lch. Vi gi trung bnh trn cho mt tri nghim DLST, v hu ht trong nhng im n du lch sinh thi, n c v l mt hot ng kh gi m. Du lch sinh thi khng phi l mt s thay th cho du lch i chng bi v cc chi ph v s xa xi ca im n. Tuy nhin, nu n pht trin hn na, mt s cc im n du lch sinh thi c th thu ht mt th trng rng ln hn trong tng lai, ging nh nhng g xy ra vi loi hnh du lch xem th hoang d Kenya 20 nm trc. Du lch sinh thi c th c xem nh mt hot ng thin v tnh tri nghim c nhn ti nhng ni t ngi c kh nng i n, mc d h bit rng nhng ni ny thng nguy him v d gy nhng tn thng. Khng cn phi nghi ng g na, rng Brian Wheeller i tn thnh du lch sinh thi cc nc ang pht trin, bao gm Belize, chnh ph c h tr t cc nc pht trin v cc c quan nh Lin hp quc, pht trin DLST. N phn nh mt nim tin thc s rng DLST c th gip cc nc pht trin nhng mt khc phi tha nhn rng khch DLST thng li t nhng nc nc pht trin. V d ca Belize cho thy, ngay c khi mt chnh ph thc s cam kt pht trin du lch sinh thi thc s, vn c th n s tr thnh ngnh cng nghip pht trin v s tm cch khai thc th trng bo b ny. Mt s hnh thc du lch t nhin, chng hn nh sn bn, gy rt nhiu tranh ci v c l nhiu ngi s khng coi l du lch sinh thi

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Case study : Ecotourism - Belize

Chng ta khng bit rng liu du lch sinh thi s c th ch l mt xu hng i qua hoc n c th tn ti lu di v ln mnh trong th trng du lch ton cu. S tht l th v xem xem liu rng cc nc mi pht trin, v cc nc ang pht trin s tip tc theo ui DLST. Hoc h s c thi khc i vi ng vt hoang d v i sng hoang d, cho rng nhiu nc ang pht trin h c th cm thy h phi c gng ch ng c hai gip t nc h pht trin.

Cu 3 : Cc kin thc kinh t hc c vn dng trong in cu Trong in cu s dng rt nhiu kin thc trong cc lnh vc kinh t hc, x hi hc gii quyt cc vn c th c th k n nh sau: Cc nh nghin cu phn on th trng khch du lch sinh thi theo tui, thu nhp, hc vny l mt ci nhn ng n nhm gp phn pht trin du lch ni chung v du lch sinh thi ni ring. T cc nh nghin cu xc nh th trng du lch sinh thi l mt th trng ngch mang li hiu qu v li nhun rt cao cho im n.Thm vo , t trng hp ca Belize cho thy t chc ny cng xc nh tt th trng mc tiu ca mnh : Th trng mc tiu bao gm nhng ngi quan tm ti cc hot ng gn vi bin (ln, bi, c), cuc phiu lu (kho c hc, i b ng di, xem chim, thm him hang ng, lch s t nhin), gia nh, ngi v hu, hnh khch tu du lch, chi game, tun trng mt / m ci, cuc hp .Belize ch trng vo th trng M, ni m hng nm c ti 50% khch du lch sinh thi. T Belize c nhng chnh sch, ch trng qung b sn phm, pht trin sn phm mt cch tt nht, iu ny cho thy Belize p dng ng dn cc chin lc marketing.

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Case study : Ecotourism - Belize

Cc t chc ny cng lun ch trng ti vn cn bng li ch gia bn bn : khch du lch, cng ng dn c s ti, chnh quyn du lch v nh cung cp. H lun khuyn khch vic pht trin du lch sinh thi mt cch bn vng. Thm vo , chnh ph cc nc cng xc nh c nhng li ch m du lch sinh thi mang li nn lun khuyn khch u t v ku gi u t nc ngoi xc tin du lch sinh thi. Mc d hin cn rt nhiu cc khi nim xung quanh DLST xong nhng kin thc v DLST cng c vn dng trong cc chin lc pht trin ca ngnh du lch Belize da trn cc nguyn tc pht trin DLST sau: Tm nhn ca Belize l pht trin ngnh du lch nh l mt u tin quc gia, vi trng tm chnh v du lch c trch nhim, nhm mc ch hot ng hng hi, lch s t nhin, v th trng du lch mo him. s Pht trin v xc tin ca ngnh s c thc hin khuyn khch mnh m o c sinh thi m bo tnh bn vng mi trng v vn ha - x hi, thc y phn phi cng bng li ch kinh t, v pht trin mt hnh nh mnh m, tch cc cho Belize. K hoch chin lc cho du lch Belize c chun b vi s mong i rng s kch thch tng trng kinh t, trong khi vn bo v ti nguyn mi trng v cc di sn ca t nc, v m bo li ch cho ngi dn a phng. B Du lch Belize thng qua mt chnh sch tp trung vo du lch c trch nhim. Ngnh du lch c mi lin kt mnh m vi nhiu lnh vc khc. Ngnh cng nghip to nhiu vic lm, v cng l mt ngun thu ln ca chnh ph. Lm Du lch cng c ngha l kinh doanh! Cu 4: Bnh lun cc gii php

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Case study : Ecotourism - Belize

Chnh ph v cc t chc nh Belize c ci nhn v nh hng ng n pht trin du lch sinh thi. H coi pht trin ngnh du lch nh l mt u tin quc gia, vi trng tm chnh v du lch c trch nhim, nhm mc ch hot ng hng hi, lch s t nhin, v th trng du lch mo him. Trc ht, ngnh du lch Belize c t chc cht ch vi b dulichj v thanh nin c trch nhim pht trin du lch, v n c phn chia c th trch nhim quyn hn trong vic xc tin qun l, pht trin ngnh du lch gia y ban du lch Belize v b du lch v thanh nin. Chnh ph ku gi s hp tc u t t cc t chc phi chnh ph, s gip ca Lin Hp Quc tranh th cc tim lc v vn, kinh nghim, cng ngh a du lch Belize c bc tin nhanh. thu ht vn u t nc ngoi, chnh ph Belize thc hin nhiu cam kt, cc chnh sch v chng trnh to lp mt mi trng kinh doanh hp dn. v hiu qu m n em li l khng nh i vi ngnh du lch cn non tr ca Belize. K hoch chin lc cho du lch Belize c chun b vi s mong i rng s kch thch tng trng kinh t, trong khi vn bo v ti nguyn mi trng v cc di sn ca t nc, v m bo li ch cho ngi dn a phng. B Du lch Belize thng qua mt chnh sch tp trung vo du lch c trch nhim. Du lch c trch nhim s l nguyn tc quan trng hng dn cho pht trin du lch trong tng lai. N c th c xem nh l quy hoch, chnh sch v pht trin du lch m bo rng cc li ch c phn phi ti gia cc bn lin quan v ti nguyn du lch c qun l t c li ch ti u cho ngi dn Belize. Bn cnh da trn nhng nguyn tc chung v pht trin DLST, Belize thc hin cc bin php thit thc khc nh tng cng gio dc nhn thc cho ngi dn v du lch ni chung v DLST ni ring trong trng hc v cc m

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Case study : Ecotourism - Belize

hnh gio dc x hi ha ngoi x hi. Chnh ph v cc b ngnh, t chc chung tay thc hin nhiu d n bo tn bin, mi trng sinh thi. Tuy nhin ngnh du lch Belize cng vp phi nhiu kh khn, thch thc n t s pht trin qu nng ca du lch. S tiu dng ngy cng nhiu cc ngun ti nguyn cho du lch nh ti nguyn t, nc v nng lng - c ngha rng ngnh du lch v cc chnh ph ang ngy cng i mt vi s phn i v quyn s dng t v quyn v nc ca ngi dn a phng. Khch DLST c th n thng cnh quc gia v nhng khu hoang d m khng nhn ra rng ngi dn a phng b ui ra khi khu vc ny pht trin du lch sinh thi nh nhng g xy ra ng Phi, n , Nam Phi v nhiu im n khc. Hay nh vic pht trin qu nng ca du lch tu bin cng gy ra nhng tc ng tiu cc,Du lch tu bin tiu biu cho mt hnh thc du lch c o m c th l mt mi e da cho du lch bn vng theo mt s cch khc nhau, t nhim n tnh trng qu ti vo mt s thi im.

Cu 5 : Tr li cc cu hi bng Ting Anh 1. Critically evluate the idea that ecotourism and suitable tourism are one

and the same thing. Currently, Ecotourism and Sustainable Tourism is being shared and used interchangeably. However, when academically researching, we need to clearly distinguish for each approach in terms of tourism To distinguish ecotourism and sustainable needs to start from a approach : Ecotourism is a type of tourism,Sustainable Tourism is a development opinion
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Case study : Ecotourism - Belize

in general. Thus ecotourism which is as a form of tourism, has a major role in the development of Sustainable Tourism. World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) define sustainable tourism as follows: Sustainable tourism is interpreted as the conservation of the resource base for the purpose of developing and expanding towards a better future by ensuring that those resources will be fully sustainable aspects: ecology, economy , culture and society. Sustainable tourism focus on sustainability is relatively comprehensive in many aspects: environment, culture - society, economy, politic, ecotourism focuses on more the natural environment, seeking better relations between human and ecological environment, which focuses on the protection and preservation of habitat. Ecotourism acceptable sacrifice of immediate economic benefits to the long-term ecological benefits for the environment and the ecosystem there. With the above analysis, ecotourism is a type and an implementation method of sustainable tourism. This is shown in the following general aspects: Firstly, the same general purpose. Both ecotourism and sustainable tourism have the common goal of protecting natural resources, ecological environment. Ecotourism pursues the aim of maintaining the ecological environment, local culture, providing knowledge for tourists on the ecosystem, including plant and animal species living in it, including the indigenous people are lives there and their relationship with the natural environment. Lofty goal of ecotourism is not proven the conquest of human toward nature as the adventure tourism , but it is seeking understanding and harmonious

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Case study : Ecotourism - Belize

coexistence between man and natural environment. Thus the purpose of ecotourism is identical with the aim of sustainable tourism development Secondly, ecotourism and sustainable tourism have the same management principles. For example, the implementation of the principle of capacity (Carrying capacity) or extent of the changes are accepted (Limits of Acceptable change). Accordingly, the tourism managers when making decisions on sustainable tourism and ecotourism have to grasp the limits in destinations, the service capacity in areas with tourist activities. The appropriate management model should be applied to limit the extent of damage to the natural environment, harm local culture and environment effect Thirdly, ecotourism and sustainable tourism share the same balance interests among the stakeholders in tourism. The balance in sustainable tourism angles are shown on the balance between the interests of local communities with the conservation of the environment, and to satisfy the needs of tourists. This balance is considered essential factors in balancing the triangle of sustainable tourism:

Needs of tourists The attention to the environment (Environmental Care) The benefits to local communities (community interests)

2. Discuss the reasons why ecotourism has become a highly developed concept in the US market but has made little impact on many other nationl markets to date. Firstly ,Ecotourists are people who desire to experience and learn while 82% of tourists from the U.S has college degree or higher, so they tend to have understanding of tourism as well as environment, their form of travel options to

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Case study : Ecotourism - Belize

satisfy their preferences but do not bring negative impacts to ecosystems and habitats. Secondly, most American tourists are aged from 35 to 54, they had entered middle age, have more experience in life and often choose form of ecotourism with a desire to seek understanding and harmonious coexistence between people and natural environment is more interested in conquering nature, such as adventure. Thirdly, American is a developed country in the world's leading top, highincome Americans and so they have a eligibility ecotourism activities beneficial to the environment and tend to be available ready to contribute with resources they have: financial contributions, contributing scientific knowledge to protect the ecosystems in which they are visiting on a sustainable and better. For these reasons, ecotourism is still new in many travel markets around the world, but travel in American this type of tourism is strong developed. 3. Critically evluate the tourism industry in Belize to see the extent to which it has succeeded in achieving true ecotourism. Belize's vision is to develop tourism as a national priority, with a primary focus on responsible tourism, aimed at marine activities, natural history, and adventure markets.The tourism strategic plan for Belize is to stimulate economic growth while protecting environmental resources and heritage country needs and ensure benefits to local people. From the Belize Tourism has given responsibility to implement the master plan for tourism development policy to ensure optimum benefits are distributed among stakeholders and tourism resources are managed to achieve benefits optimal for all Belizeans.

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Case study : Ecotourism - Belize

Government of Belize recognize great potential as a catalyst for economic growth of the tourism industry, by the association of tourism with other sectors and labor demand in the tourism so big schedule shall be considered as a national priority. They strongly promote investment in the tourism industry in a favorable atmosphere for foreign and domestic investment and from which they receive substantial investment. The tourism industry is held tight and clear division between their respective agencies. In addition, private sector, non-governmental organizations also participated in the independence. Belize offers an approach to tourism appropriate, comprehensive links between archeology, tourism and communications. Since then Belize has always been successful in promoting ecotourism in their messages to the world market, and especially the U.S. market. However, the increasing popularity of Belize also poses some challenges for this country: More than 50% of tourists from the U.S., making the country vulnerable to Belize economy has become very dependent on tourism. The cruise offers tourists a quarter of the country could bring a threat to degradation of this unstable market.

sustainable tourism in some respects, from pollution to the overload. Belizes tourism was found that even when the government is really committed to developing ecotourism right, it still may have problems such as the development of industry and seek to exploit this lucrative market. But the efforts of the Belize government is undeniable. Belize is a country now has the highest profile of tourism in the world. Tourism industry here has achieved certain

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Case study : Ecotourism - Belize

successes that the country of tourism development should be learning some things as well as draw some experience from development of Belizes tourism.

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