Ductoan: Simplewish_wishme@yahoo.

com
S GIO DC & O TO AKLAK

TRNG THPT CMGAR

K THI CHN HC SINH GII CP TRNG

MN: HA HC LP 10
NM HC: 2010 2011
Thi gian: 180 pht (khng k pht )
Ngy thi: 23/01/2011

Cu 1.(3 im)
a. Hy nu s khc nhau c bn trong cu to mng tinh th nguyn t v mng tinh th ion. Lin kt ho hc
trong hai loi mng thuc loi lin kt g ?
b. Gii thch ti sao CO32 , khng th nhn thm mt oxi to CO42 trong khi SO32 c th nhn thm 1
nguyn t oxi cho ra SO42 ?
c. Gii thch ti sao hai phn t NO2 c th kt hp vi nhau to ra phn t N2O4, trong khi hai phn t CO2
khng th kt hp vi nhau to ra phn t C2O4
Cu 2. (2 im)
B tc v cn bng cc phn ng sau bng phng php thng bng electrom
a. Cr2S3 + Mn(NO3)2 + K2CO3
K2CrO4 + K2SO4 + K2MnO4 + NO + CO2
b. P + NH4ClO4
H3PO4 + N2 + Cl2 +
c. FexOy + HNO3
+ NnOm + H2O
Cu 3(3 im).
Hp cht A c cng thc MX2, trong M chim 46,67% v khi lng. Trong ht nhn ca M c n p = 4; ca
X c n = p, trong n, n, p, p l s ntron v s proton. Tng s proton trong MX2 l 58. Vit k hiu nguyn t ca
M, X v cu hnh electron M 2+
Cu 4(3 im)
a. Nguyn t vng c bn knh v khi lng mol ln lt l 1,44AO v 197g/mol. Bit rng khi lng ring
ca vng kim loi l 19,36g/cm3. Hi cc nguyn t vng chim bao nhiu % th tch trong tinh th ? (cho N =
6,02.1023)
b. Vit cng thc cu to cc cht sau: HClO4, H3PO3, NH4NO3, H2SO4
Cu 5 (3 im)
Cho vo nc d 3g oxit ca 1 kim loi ho tr 1, ta c dung dch kim, chia dung dch lm hai phn bng nhau:
- Phn 1: Cho tc dng hon ton vi 90 ml dung dch HCl 1M, sau phn ng dung dch lm qu tm ho xanh.
- Phn 2: Cho tc dng vi V(ml) dung dch HCl 1M sau phn ng dung dch khng lm i mu qu tm
a. Tm cng thc phn t oxit
b. Tnh V
(Cho: Ba = 137; Li = 7; Na = 23; k = 39; Rb = 85; Cs = 133)
Cu 6(3 im)
3,28g hn hp 3 kim loi A, B, C c t l s mol tng ng l 4 : 3: 2 v c t l khi lng nguyn t tng ng l
3 : 5 : 7. Ho tan hon ton hn hp 3 kim loi trn trong dung dch HCl d th thu c 2,0161 lt kh (ktc) v dung
dch A
a. Xc nh 3 kim loi A, B, C, Bit rng khi chng tc dng vi axit u to mui kim loi ho tr 2
b. Cho dung dch xt d vo dung dch A, un nng trong khng kh cho phn ng xy ra hon ton. Tnh
lng kt ta thu c, bit rng ch c 50% mui ca kim loi B kt ta vi xt
(cho: Ca = 40; Mg = 24; Fe = 56; Ni = 5; Sn = 118; Pb = 207; H = 1; O = 16)
Cu 7(3 im)
Ho tan 46g mt hn hp gm Ba v 2 kim loi kim A, B thuc hai chu k k tip vo nc th thu c dung
dch (D) v 11,2 lt kh (ktc). Nu cho thm 0,18 mol Na2SO4 vo dung dch (D) th dung dch sau phn ng cha kt
ta ht Ba. Nu cho thm 0,21 mol Na2SO4 vo dung dch (D) th dung dch sau phn ng cn d Na2SO4. Xc nh
tn 2 kim loi kim
(Cho: Ba = 137; Li = 7; Na = 23; k = 39; Rb = 85; Cs = 133)
(Th sinh khng c s dng bng h thng tun hon, gio vin coi thi khng gii thch g thm)

S GIO DC & O TO AKLAK

TRNG THPT CMGAR

Cu 1
(3 )

Cu 2
(2 )

P N K THI CHN HC SINH GII CP TRNG

MN: HA HC LP 10
NM HC: 2010 2011

a.- Trong mng tinh th nguyn t v tr cc nt ca mng l cc nguyn t, chng

lin kt vi nhau bng lin kt cng ho tr
- Tronh mng tinh th ion v tr cc nt ca mng l cc ion, chng lin kt vi
nhau bng lc ht tnh in
b. - Cu to ca CO32
O
2
C=O
O
Trn nguyn t cacbon trong CO32 khng cn electron t do cha lin kt nn
khng c kh nng lin kt thm vi 1 nguyn t oxi to ra CO42
- Cu to ca SO32
O ..
2
S=O
O
Trn nguyn t lu hunh cn 1 cp electron t do cha lin kt, do nguyn t
lu hunh c th to lin kt cho nhn vi 1 nguyn t oxi th t to ra SO42
c. - Cu to ca CO2
O=C=O
Trn nguyn t cacbon khng cn electron t do nn hai phn t CO2 khng th
lin kt vi nhau to ra C2O4
- Cu to ca NO2
O
N
O
Trn nguyn t nit cn 1 electron c thn t do, nn nguyn t nit ny c kh
nng to ra lin kt cng ho tr vi nguyn t nit trong phn t th hai to ra phn
t N2O4
O
O
O
2
N
NN
O
O
O

a Cr2S3 + Mn(NO3)2
CO2
2Cr+3
3S2
Cr2S3

+ K2CO3

0,5
0,5
0,25
0,25
0,25
0,25
0,25
0,25
0,25
0,25

K2CrO4 + K2SO4 + K2MnO4 + NO +

2Cr+6 + 6e
3S+6 + 24e
2Cr+ 6 + 3S+ 6 + 30e x 1 (a)

Mn+ 2
Mn+ 6 + 4e
+5
2N
+ 6e
2N+ 2
Mn(NO3)2 + 2e
Mn+ 6 + 2N+2 x 15 (b)
Cng (a) v (b)
Cr2S3 + 15Mn(NO3)2
2Cr+ 6 + 3S+ 6 + 15Mn+ 6 + 30N+ 2
Hon thnh:

0,25
0,25

0,5

Cr2S3 + 15Mn(NO3)2 + 20K2CO3

20CO2

b. P + NH4ClO4
2N 3
2Cl+ 7 + 14e
2NH4ClO3 + 8e
PO
10NH4NO3 + 8PO

2K2CrO4 + 3K2SO4 +15 K2MnO4 + 30NO +

H3PO4 + N2 + Cl2 + H2O

2NO + 6e
2ClO
2NO + 2ClO x 5
+5
P
+ 5e
x8
+5
O
8P + 10N + 10ClO + 16H2O

0,25

10NH4NO3 + 8P
8H3PO4 + 5N2 + 5Cl2 + 8H2O
c. FexOy + HNO3
Fe(NO3)3 + NnOm + H2O
+2y/x
+3
xFe
xFe
+ (3x 2y)e (5n 2m)
nN+ 5 + (5n 2m)e
nN+ 2m/n (3x 2y)
+2y/x
+5
x(5n 2m)Fe
+ n(3x 2y)N
x(5n 2m)Fe + 3 + n(3x 2y)N+2m/n
Hon thnh:
(5n m)FexOy + (18nx 6my 2ny)HNO3
x(5n 2m)Fe(NO3)3 + (3x 2y)NnOm + (9nx 3mx ny)H2O

Cu 3
(3)

Hp cht A; MX2
Ta c:
p+n
46,67
=
2(p + n)
53,33
p + n = 1,75(n + p)
np=4
n = p
p + 2p = 58
T (a), (b), (c), (d)
p = 26 ; p = 16
n = 30; n = 16
AM = 26 + 30 = 56; AX = 16 + 16 = 32
K hiu nguyn t:
56
32
26

16

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

0,25
0,25

0,5
0,5
1

M l Fe; X l S
* Cu hnh electron Fe2+: 1s22s22p63s23p63d6
Cu 4
(3)

0,25

a. Ta c: mng tAu = 197/6,02.1023 = 327,24.10 24g

r = 1,44AO = 1,44.10 8cm
VAu = 4/3. r3 = 4/3. 3,14.(1,44.10 8)3 = 12,5.10 24cm3
d = (327,24.10 24)/(12,5.10 24) = 26,179g/cm3
Gi x l % th tch Au chim ch
Ta c: x = (19,36.100)/26,179 = 73,95 %

0,5

0,5

0,5
0,5

c. Cng thc cu to:

O
O
HO
H Cl = O Hay: H Cl

O;

HO
P=O

Hay:

HO
O
H

O
O
+

H NH

Cu 5
(3)

HO
H

ON

P
H

HO
;

HO
H
O
Vit 1 cng thc cu to cho 0,25 im
a. Gi cng thc oxit kim loi ha tr I: M2O
n
HCl = 1.0,09 = 0,09mol
Phng trnh phn ng: M2O + 2HCl
1,5/(2M + 16) 3/(2M + 16)
(1) suy ra: 3/(2M + 16) > 0,09
Suy ra: M l Li

O
S

HO
Hay:

O
S

HO

2MCl + H2O

(1)

1
0,5

M < 8,67

b. L2O(1/2 hn hp) = 1,5/30 = 0,05 mol

Phng trnh phn ng: Li2O + 2HCl
0,05
0,1
(2) suy ra: V = 0,1/1 = 0,1 lt = 100 ml

Cu 6
(3)

0,5

0,5
2LiCl + H2O

(2)
0,5

a. Gi s mol 3 kim loi A, B, C ln lt l: 4x, 3x, 2x v KLNT tng ng l MA, MB,

MC
s mol H2 = 2,0262/22,4 = 0,09 mol
ptp: A + 2HCl
ACl2 + H2
(1)
4x
4x
4x
B + 2HCl
BCl2 + H2
(2)
3x
3x
3x
C + 2HCl
CCl2 + H2
(3)
2x
2x
2x
T (1), (2), (3) ta c : 4x + 3x + 2x = 0,09
x = 0,01
(a)
Ta c: MB = 5/3MA
(b)
MC = 7/3MA
(c)
Mc khc ta c: MA.4x + MB.3x + MC.2x = 3,28
(d)
T (a), (b), (c), (d) suy ra: MA(0,04 + 5/3.0,03 + 7/3.0,02) = 3,28
Suy ra: MA = 24
A: Mg
MB = 5/3.24 = 40
B: Ca
MC = 7/3.24 = 56
C: Fe
b. Dung dch (A): MgCl2, CaCl2, FeCl2
Phng trnh phn ng:
MgCl2 + 2NaOH
Mg(OH)2 + 2NaCl
4x
4x
CaCl2 + 2NaOH
Ca(OH)2 + 2NaCl
1,5x
1,5x
FeCl2 + 2NaOH
Fe(OH)2 + 2NaCl

0,125
0,125
0,125
0,125
0,25
0,25
0,25
0,25
0,25
0,25

(4)

0,125

(5)

0,125

(6)

0,125

2x
2x
4Fe(OH)2 + O2 + 2H2O
4Fe(OH)3
2x
2x
T (4), (5), (6), (7) suy ra: 58.0,04 +74.0,015 + 107.0,02 = 5,57g
Cu 7
(3)

s mol H2 = 11,2/22,4 = 0,5 mol

Gi cng thc trung bnh 2 kim loi kim: M
Phng trnh phn ng l:
Ba + H2O
Ba(OH)2 + H2
(1)
x
x
x
M + H2O
MOH + 1/2H2
(2)
y
y
y/2
Ba(OH)2 + Na2SO4
BaSO4 + 2NaOH
(3)
x
x
T (1) v (2) suy ra: x + y/2 = 0,5
(a)
Ta c: 137x + My = 46
(b)
T (3) suy ra: 0,18 < x < 0,21
(c)
T (a) v (c) suy ra: x = 0,18
y = 0,64
x = 0,21
y = 0,58
T (b) suy ra: x = 0,18, y = 0,54
M = 33,34
x = 0,21, y = 0,58
M = 29,7
Na = 23 < 29,7 < M < 33,34 , K = 39
Hai kim loi kim l; Na v K
Th sinh gii theo cch khc nu ng vn cho im ti a

(7)

0,125
0,5

0,25
0,25
0,25
0,25
0,25
0,25
0,25
0,25
0,25
0,25
0,25
0,25