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MC LC
Mc lc ..................................................................................... M u... PHN I: Gii thiu v mng SCADA ...................................... I. II. nh ngha SCADA .......................................................... Cc loi h thng SCADA ............................................... 1. H thng SCADA m .................................................... 2. H thng SCADA c lp .............................................. 3. H thng SCADA mng ................................................. 4. H thng SCADA x l ha ...................................... 5. nh gi mt h SCADA .............................................. III. Cu trc h thng SCADA ............................................. IV. M hnh phn cp chc nng ......................................... 1. M hnh phn cp ......................................................... 2. Nhim v chc nng ca tng cp ................................ PHN II: ng dng SCADA cho h thng............................. I. Nguyn l hot ng c bn v............................................ 1. Nguyn l hot ng c bn ......................................... 2. Quy trnh sn xut ca mt h thng ........................... II. Xy dng mng SCADA cho h thng .............................. 1. Trung tm iu ....................................................... 2. Phng iu x nghip .............................................. 3. Phng iu nh my ............................................... 4. Trm vn hnh ............................................................. 5. Thit b ghp ni . 6. Thit b chuyn i truyn thng ................................ 7. Cc tn hiu o lng cn thit ................................... 1 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 6 6 7 9 10 12 14 14 14 15 16 16 18 18 18 18 18 18 19

III. Mt s thit b s dng trong h thng .........................

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1. Cu hnh mng SCADA bin tn................................ 2. o lu lng ................................................................. 3. o p lc........................................................................ 4. o c v lng cn .............................................

19 20 21 22 23 28

IV. Phn mm giao din HMI ...............................................

Kt lun ......................................................................................

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M U
p ng nhu cu sn xut hin i, vic ghp ni mng nhm phi hp hot ng gia cc thit b, thu thp thng tin, tp trung x l s liu, iu khin qu trnh mm do, linh hot v trc quan l xu hng ph bin nht hin nay trong ngnh t ng ha (TH). Thc t ta nhn thy, pht trin tch hp h thng theo hng trn th vic iu khin, qun l, gim st qu trnh sn xut tr nn linh hot v ng tin cy hn, chi ph gi thnh h thng cng gim ng k. Vi s pht trin ca khoa hc cng ngh hin nay, vic ng dng k thut in t cng sut, tin hc c kh chnh xc thc hin TH l mng tnh tt yu. Nn p ng c tc x l lng thng tin trao i gia ngi v my, gia my v my. Trong tng x nghip c th ca mt cng ty cung cp nc sch, thng thng c mt hoc hai nh my sn xut nc sch; h thng ng ng cp nc thuc x nghip. c im ln ca mt cng cp nc sch l cc nh my sn xut nc, cc phng chc nng ca x nghip v cng ty... cch xa nhau. Cc h thng ng ng dn nc tri rng trn mt a bn rng ln. Cho nn vic lin kt tt c cc khu trong h thng l mt yu cu quan trng, thc hin tt qun l, t chc sn xut v cung cp nc sch. ng dng SCADA chnh l t ng ha lin kt ny. Vic ng dng h thng SCADA vo trong h thng cung cp nc sch l mt i hi cp bch nhm t c cc mc tiu sau: n nh cht lng nc n nh p lc nc Qun l lng nc khai thc v lng nc tiu th Vn hnh v qun l my mc thit b. Qun l h thng ng ng cung cp nc. V qun l n tng a ch h tiu th nc

Trong ni dung ca n ch thc hin m phng trn mn hnh hin th, iu khin v gim st qu trnh hot ng ca mt cm van iu phi trong h thng phn phi nc.

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PHN I: GII THIU V MNG SCADA

I. NH NGHA SCADA SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition) l h thng iu khin gim st v thu thp d liu. y l h thng h tr con ngi trong vic gim st, iu khin cc h thng iu khin t ng nh: Nh my sn xut, trong cc h thng thng tin vin thng, h thng in li v cc nh my cung cp nc sch lm c cng vic th h SCADA phi c cc h thng sau: H thng truy cp d liu H thng truyn ti d liu Dao din ngi - my HMI (Humen Machine Interface)

HMI s dng cp iu khin gim st v cc cp di hn, thun tin hn cho ngi vn hnh h thng hoc thit b. Cc loi dao din HMI bao gm: PO-Perator Panel: Mn hnh vn hnh TP-Touch Panel: Mn hnh cm ng Multy Panel

Do s pht trin ca cc chun truyn thng cng nghip v cc phn mm cng nghip, nn vic ch trng vo thit k mt h SCADA l la chn cng c phn mm thit k giao din HMI v gii php tch hp h thng l vn ct li xy dng mt h thu thp v iu khin gim st.

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W eb Server

M odules of factory resource m anagem ent

Relation DB

SCA DA Station

SCA DA Station

VB, C++ A pplications

Realtim e DB

T Flow Tem p m easur . m easur .

P Pressure m easur .

A ctuator Analog I /O, Discrete I /O Configuration and m aintenance

Control objects

Cu trc ca mt h thng iu khin hin i

II. CC LOI H THNG SCADA

H thng SCADA c chia thnh 4 nhm chnh vi cc chc nng nh sau: L h SCADA mang tnh c lp hoc c ni mng, h SCADA khng c kh nng ha v mt loi c kh nng x l ha thng tin thi gian thc. 1. H thng SCADA m (Blind) y l h thng SCADA ht sc gin n, n khng c mt b phn gim st m ch c nhim v l thu thp v x l d liu bng th. H Anh Thng kt2a- Mail: nguoidixayhokego2003@gmail.com

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u im ca n l: Do cng ngh cu thnh mng n gin nn c gi thnh thp 2. H thng SCADA c lp y l h c kh nng gim st v thu thp d liu vi mt b vi x l. H ny ch iu khin c mt hoc hai my mc, nn ch yu s dng trong cc n v sn xut c quy m nh v va... 3. H thng SCADA mng y l h thng c kh nng gim st v thu thp d liu vi nhiu b vi x l. Cc my tnh gim st ni mng vi nhau. Thng chng c s dng nhiu trong cc dy chuyn sn xut ni c nhiu my mc cn phi iu khin. Thng qua cc mng truyn thng, ton b h thng c kt ni vi phng iu khin cp phn xng, phng gim st cp cng ty. Hoc c nhn tn hiu iu khin trc tip t phng qun l v phng thit k. 4. H thng SCADA x l ha thng tin thi gian thc H thng c kh nng gim st v thu thp d liu. Nh cc thng tin c thu thp trc ca my tnh m h c kh nng m phng qu trnh hot ng ca h thng sn xut. Nh my tnh ghi li ton b d liu qu trnh hot ng ca h thng nn khi xy ra s c th h thng c th bo cho ngi vn hnh, hoc t ng x l li xy ra . 5. nh gi mt h SCADA nh gi mt h iu khin v gim st SCADA th cn phi phn tch cc c im ca h thng theo mt s tiu chun nh: Kh nng h tr ca cng c phn mm iu khin vic thc hin xy dng cc mn hnh giao din. S lng v cht lng ca cc thnh phn ha c sn, kh nng truy cp v cch kt ni d liu t cc qu trnh k thut c tt khng. Tnh nng m ca h thng, chun ha cc giao din qu trnh, kh nng h tr xy dng cc chc nng trao i tin tc (Messaging), x l s kin v s c (Event and Alarm), lu tr thng tin (Archive and history) v lp bo co (Reporting) Tnh thi gian thc v hiu sut trao i thng tin, vi nn Windown th h tr s dng m hnh phn mm ActiveX Control v OPC. H Anh Thng kt2a- Mail: nguoidixayhokego2003@gmail.com

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Xem xt gi thnh tng th ca h thng

III. CU TRC H THNG SCADA Trong cc h thng SCADA th cc cm bin v c cu chp hnh ng vai tr l giao din gia thit b iu khin vi qu trnh sn xut. Cn h thng iu khin gim st ng vai tr l giao din gia ngi v my. Cc thit b v cc b phn ca h thng c ghp ni vi nhau theo kiu im - im (Point to Point), hoc thng qua mng truyn thng cng nghip. Tn hiu thu c t cm bin c th l tn hiu nh phn, tn hiu s hoc tm hiu tng t. Khi x l trong my tnh chng ta phi c chuyn i cho ph hp vi cc chun giao din vo/ra ca my tnh. Cc thnh phn chnh: Giao din qu trnh: L cc phn t chp hnh, cm bin, thit b o, cc thit b chuyn i Thit b iu khin t ng: Bao gm cc b iu khin logic kh trnh PLC (Programable Logic Controller), b iu khin chuyn dng t l vi tch phn PID, cc thit b iu chnh s n l CDC (Compact Digital Controller) v my tnh iu khin vi cc phn mm iu khin chuyn dng. H thng iu khin gim st: Bao gm cc phn mm h tr v giao din ngi-my HMI (Human Machine Interface), cc trm k thut, trm vn hnh gim st v iu khin cao cp. H thng truyn thng: gm cc thit b c ghp ni im im (Point to Point), Bus cm bin/chp hnh, bus trng, bus h thng

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H th n ukh ng ms g i i i t N I
Ni trc tip

T i b uk int n h t i h g N I I/O N I

N I

Ni qua m ng NI: (Network Interface ) G din m ng iao I/O: ( Input /O utput ) Vo/Ra

N I I/O

N I C mb nvc h h i h p n

Q atrn k th t h u H 2.1: CcCcthnhphncbncacahhngSCADA D nh H 2: thnhphncbn ht S CA A nh

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IV. M HNH PHN CP CHC NNG 1) M hnh phn cp: Ton b h thng iu khin gim st c phn ra cc cp chc nng sau: M hnh phn cp dng sp xp, phn loi cc chc nng TH ca mt h thng iu khin v gim st. Cc chc nng c phn thnh nhiu cp khc nhau. Cng cp di th cc chc nng mang tnh c bn hn, i hi tnh thi gian thc ( nhanh nhy/thi gian phn ng) phi cao hn. Trong cp cao hn th tnh thi gian thc cng gim, nhng lng thng tin cn truyn v x l th ln hn. Vic phn cp chc nng ny gip ta thun li hn trong vic thit k h thng v la chn thit b. a. Cp chp hnh: Chc nng chnh ca cp chp hnh l o lng, dn ng v chuyn i tn hiu trong trng hp cn thit. Tuy nhin, trong thc t th cc phn t cm bin hay chp hnh cng c phn iu khin ring cho vic thc hin o lng/truyn ng c chnh xc v nhanh nhy. N cng c th m nhn c vic x l v chun b thng tin trc khi a ln cp iu khin cao hn. b. Cp iu khin: Nhim v chnh ca cp iu khin l nhn thng tin t cc b cm bin, o lngSau x l cc thng tin ny theo mt thut ton nht nh v truyn t kt qu tr v li c cu chp hnh iu khin cc thit b. My tnh y cng c th c s dng, n c chc nng theo di cc cng c o lng t thc hin cc thao tc nh n nt ng m van, iu chnh cn gt, nm xoay c im ni bt nht ca cp iu khin l x l thng tin. Cp iu khin v cp chp hnh cn c gi chung l cp trng (Field Lever) do cc thit b nh cm bin v chp hnh. Cc b iu khin thng c lp ghp trc tip ti hin trng gn vi h thng k thut. c. Cp iu khin v gim st C chc nng gim st v vn hnh mt qu trnh k thut, c nhim v h tr ngi s dng trong vic ci t ng dng, thao tc theo di, gim st vn hnh v x l nhng tnh hung bt thng.

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mt s trng hp cp ny cn thc hin cc bi ton iu khin cao cp nh: iu khin phi hp, iu khin trnh t v iu khin theo cng thc. Do nhu cu v s pht trin khng ngng ca khoa hc cng ngh, c bit l trong cc h thng TH l mng truyn thng cng nghip v my tnh iu khin cng nghip (Controller). Nn vic tch hp h thng ngy cng c pht trin nhiu hn, cc m hnh sn xut cn phi c xy dng tng th k c cp iu hnh sn xut v qun l nhm loi b bt i mt s khu trung gian khng cn thit trong m hnh chc nng. Do vy hai cp chc nng ny dn c xem nh nhp li thnh mt cp duy nht, gi chung l cp iu hnh.

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Qun l cng ty

12

P C

Mng cng ty

iu hnh sn xut
Mng x nghip

iu khin gim st

Bus h thng (Bus qu trnh)

iu khin

Bus trung (Bus thit b)

Chp hnh Qa trnh k thut

Hnh 3: M hnh phn cp chc nng h h Hnh 2.3: M hnh phn cp chc nng caca thng thng v gim iu khinSCADA st

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2) Nhim v, chc nng ca tng cp: Mt h thng sn xut cng nghip thng c t chc phn chia thnh nhiu cp qun l. Mi cp u c nhng yu cu v nhim v ring (Nh cc cp c nhim v o lng, thu thp v iu khin ring). My mc thit b sn xut c lp t bn trong cp qun l phn xng x nghip cp di. C mt s trng hp th cc i tng c th nm hai cp khc nhau va l gim st iu khin cp trn v cng va l gim st iu khin cc thit b c th cp di. mi cp SCADA thng iu khin v gim st mt cp qun l cp y. Cp SCADA phn xng cp di s thu thp s liu trn my mc phn xng, phn loi r thit b no c qun l v sn xut bi cp SCADA no. Cc s liu thu c s c cc h thng SCADA truyn tin t cp di ln cp trn theo yu cu ca cc thit b cp cao hn, cho n cp qun l thu thp d liu, hin th, in n v ci t tham s iu khin Mi cp s thc hin bi ton phn tch v tnh ton c giao t trc, sau a ra cc lnh thay i cc i tng thng qua h thng mng truyn thng, gi lnh n cp SCADA cn iu khin. gii quyt bi ton ny th cc h thng SCADA s c trang b thm cc thit b chuyn dng nh my tnh iu khin v cc phn mm ng dng ca n. Nhng thit b ny ly s liu hin hnh t SCADA cung cp gii bi ton v xut ra kt qu cho ngi vn hnh v cho h SCADA. Chc nng ca mi cp SCADA c nhng nhim v chnh sau: Thu thp t xa thng qua cc mng truyn thng thu thp cc s liu v sn xut v t chc ca cc cp di. Nh s liu v qu kh ca qu trnh sn xut, cc li xy ra trong h thng, cc tc ng iu khin Dng cc d liu trn cung cp cc dch v v iu khin gim st cc thit b sn xut. Hin th bo co tng kt v qu trnh sn xut trn b HMI nh: Trang th, trang s kin, trang bo ng, trang bo co sn xut iu khin t xa cc qu trnh sn xut Thc hin cc dch v v truyn s liu trong h v ra ngoi. Nh c vit s liu ca PLC/RTU (Rerote Teminal Unit), gi v tr li cc bn tin yu cu ca cp trn v s liu, cc thao tc vn hnh

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Nhn thy SCADA l mt h kt hp phn cng v phn mm TH qu trnh qun l gim st iu khin cho mt i tng sn xut cng nghip. Ty theo tng yu cu ca h thng ta c th xy dng mt h thng SCADA thc hin mt s nhim v v chc nng nh: thu thp gim st t xa v i tng iu khin ng ct t ln i tng, iu chnh t ng t xa vi cc i tng v cp qun l. Ngy nay hu ht cc h thng SCADA cn c kh nng lin kt vi cc h thng thng mi c cp cao hn, cho php c vit theo c s d liu nh Oracle, Access, Microsoft SQL Tm li chc nng chnh ca mt h thng SCADA ni chung nh sau: iu khin v gim st trng thi ca tt c thit b, my mcti hin trng Thu thp v lu tr cc thng s ca cc thit b, my mc, sn phm Phn tch bo m cht lng sn phm Cnh bo v bo li xy ra ti cc thit b my mc Bo co, thng k v in n. To lp v thc thi hm, cng thc Bo mt v phn quyn s dng h thng Chnh sa Online

V cp cao hn c th s dng mng thng tin di ng ton cu Internet kt ni ton b h thng SCADA. Ngi vn hnh c th bt k u cng c th truy cp n cc phng iu v phng iu khin.

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PHN II: NG DNG SCADA CHO H THNG CUNG CP NC SCH THNH PH I. 1. Nguyn l hot ng c bn v quy trnh sn xut ca mt h thng cung cp nc sch Nguyn l hot ng c bn:

T hin trng (Ni t cc thit b, my mc ca dy chuyn sn xut, h thng ng ng v trong tng lai l ton b a ch ca cc h tiu dng nc...). Cc cm bit lc ny a cc tn hiu o c n cc thit b iu khin nh PLC, RTU... Thng tin ti PLC c x l s b v truyn ln my ch, ngi vn hnh iu khin c th truy cp n bt k im no trn hin trng thng qua cc c cu chp hnh nh ng c hay cc van iu khin Hot ng ca h thng SCADA trong nh my cung cp nc sch s bo m: iu khin t ng cc thit b, my mc ri rc v cc thit b my mc qu trnh lin tc Gim st t ng lin tc ton b quy trnh sn xut (Quy trnh sn xut ca nh my v mng ng ng cung cp nc sch) Thng bo thng tin y v li v trng thi lm vic ca thit b my mc nh cc bm, van, bin tn Thu thp v lu tr d liu nhng thng tin phc v qun l v iu hnh nh: thng tin v mc nc trong cc b cha, p lc nc trong ng ng v trong ton b h thng, cht lng nc, in nng tiu th... In n bo co kt qu cc d liu gim st. m bo cho vic cc qu trnh sn xut v cung cp nc sch th cc c cu chp hnh phi bo m tnh nng nhn v chp hnh tt tn hiu iu khin. Do vy vic u t nng cp cc thit b, my mc ti hin trng phi c ch ng mc. iu ny s dn n vic gi thnh v chi ph u t ban u phi c mt ngun vn ln. Tuy nhin: Xt v nhng u im m h thng SCADA mng li. Vic u t cng ngh SCADA vo qu trnh sn xut v cung cp nc sch s nng cao hiu qu iu hnh, qun l. Cc quy trnh khng cn thit trong h

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thng c th c lc b bt, gim thiu v mt con ngi trong cng ty. Qu trnh iu khin s c ti u hn 2. Quy trnh sn xut ca mt h thng cung cp nc sch: Trong tng x nghip c th ca mt cng ty cung cp nc sch, thng thng c mt hoc hai nh my sn xut nc sch; h thng ng ng cp nc thuc x nghip. c im ln ca mt cng cp nc sch l cc nh my sn xut nc, cc phng chc nng ca x nghip v cng ty... cch xa nhau. Cc h thng ng ng dn nc tri rng trn mt a bn rng ln. Cho nn vic lin kt tt c cc khu trong h thng l mt yu cu quan trng, thc hin tt qun l, t chc sn xut v cung cp nc sch. ng dng SCADA chnh l t ng ha lin kt ny. Qu trnh sn xut v cung cp nc sch cho mt cng ty cung cp nc

Nhn thy trong h thng ny, mng li ng ng l phc tp nht. Cc ng ng thng c kch thc khc nhau v n lun pht trin rng ln ty thuc vo mc pht trin ca cc a ch h tiu dng nc sch. Cho nn nng cao hiu qu iu hnh v cung cp nc sch, ta cn phi gim st cc thng s k thut sau: Lng nc th khai thc: Thng s ny lin quan n ph phi tr v khai thc ti nguyn v l mt thng s lin quan n nh gi tn tht nc. H Anh Thng kt2a- Mail: nguoidixayhokego2003@gmail.com

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Cc thng s o lng cn gim st/lu tr ca qu trnh sn xut v cung cp nc sch bao gm: Mc nc trong b nc th/nc sch, cc b thuc cc cng on ca qu trnh x l nc; p lc nc trn cc ng ng (C trong nh my sn xut v cc im cn thit trn mng li ng ng cung cp nc sch); PH, c (NTU), lng cn (TDS)... Lng cung cp nc sch: Ti u ra ca nh my tng lng nc sch ti cc h v a ch tiu dng nc. Thng s ny lin quan n vic thu tin nc v vic nh gi tn tht nc cng nh hiu qu sn xut kinh doanh. Tnh trng k thut ca cc thit b, my mc trong nh my bao gm: thng bo trng thi tc thi cht lng k thut, lng in nng tiu th... Vy, tt c cc thng tin cn iu chnh th hin trc quan trn cc mn hnh dt ti cc phng chc nng lin quan n vic iu khin gim st v thu thp d liu. Trong phm vi n, ch m t mt b phn nh trong chu trnh cp nc sch. l ti ng ng ra pha b nc sch qua x l. Bao gm gim st cc bm, van iu khin, Sensor o p sut lu lng... II. Xy dng cu hnh mng SCADA cho h thng cung cp nc

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Printer BU IN
(Port Office)

` Clien PC

Screen 32In

Modem n cc x nghip

TT CTY n cc x nghip

ADP

`
Cilend PC Modem Printer

Modem P XN

Sever PC

Printer

P NM

PLC1
KW KW

Tn hiu th hin trng thi cc c cu chp hnh

Lever

AP1

PH1

NTU

FLOW 1

PH2
B trn

FLOW 2

PH3

AP2

NTU

TDS

Ngun nc (Mch nc ngm , sng/ h)

Tn hiu iu khin cc c cu chp hnh Nh my sn xut

Ni vi mng ng ng cung c p nc

Ni vi mng ng ng cp nc

Mng ng ng cung cp nc khu vc

FLOW 3

VAN1 HMI AP3

ADP

VAN2

FLOW 4

Mng ng ng cung cp nc khu vc

AP4

PLC2

Tn hiu iu khin cc van

Trm vn hnh van Hnh 4: Cu hnh mng SCADA cho h thng cung cp nc

T hnh v ta nhn thy, h thng c cc dng tng th nh sau: 1. Trung tm iu : C chc nng gim st, thu thp d liu v qu trnh sn xut v cung cp nc sch ca cc x nghip thnh vin, qun l trong sn xut v kinh doanh. Trung tm ny c t ti mt phng iu khin ti cng ty. Bao gm : My tnh bn : gim st, x l v thu thp d liu vi cu hnh ti thiu nh sau : CPU loi Pentium IV/3Ghz, Ram 512Mb, Monitor 17 LCD, Hard Dish 80Gb, FDD 31/2; CD-RW/DVD 52X, Network Card LAN, Ethernet 10/100 Mbps; H iu hnh Windown

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2000Pro/WinNT/WinXP (Khuyn dng h iu hnh min ph Linux UBUTU 7.04 tr ln). V km theo y cc ph kin khc nh : Mouse, keyboard, Port USB Mn hnh gim st: LCD, TV/Moniter c kt ni PC/RS232. Switch mng truyn thng (LAN switch): C cu hnh ti thiu l 8 Port giao tip RJ45, tc truyn d liu 10/100Mbps. Giao thc truyn thng v hot ng TCP/IP, UTP, ISO Modem s dng cng ngh quay s thu bao in thoi c tc 56Kbps, tnh bo mt cao, s dng cc ng dng Internet. 2. Phng iu x nghip: C chc nng iu khin, gim st v thu thp d liu qu trnh sn xut ca nh my v cung cp nc sch ca mng ng ng do x nghip ph trch. Ti phng iu x nghip b tr mt my tnh ch thc hin mi chc nng ca h SCADA. My tnh t y l my tnh nh, thc hin chc nng iu khin (Tc iu phi vn hnh ng thi l my tnh k thut) gim st v thu thp d liu. My tnh ch hot ng lin tc 24/24h v c cu hnh ging vi my tnh ti phng iu cng ty. 3. Phng iu nh my: Chc nng l gim st hin trng, l ni nhn mi thng tin t cc cp qun l thc hin ngay ti nh my. Nu trong trng hp phng iu nh my t trong phng iu x nghip th c th coi n thc hin chc nng nh phng iu x nghip. Tt c cc my tnh v thit b khc c cu hnh tng t nh trung tm iu cng ty. 4. Tram vn hnh van : C chc nng iu khin van trn cc ng ng (Ch yu ti cc ng ba phn nhnh ng ng bo m lc nc trn mng ng ng khu vc v thu thp d liu v lng nc tiu th ti khu vc ). Trong trm c PLC, mn hnh tng tc ngi-my HMI v kt ni my tnh ch. 5. Thit b ghp ni (Modem) Theo ng in thoi, c chc nng m bo truyn thng gia cc my tnh. y l phng php c gi thnh hp l i vi cc doanh nghip. thc hin, doanh nghip c th lin h thu bao theo ng truyn ring vi bu in s ti. 6. Thit b chuyn i truyn thng ADP:

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Chc nng kt ni truyn thng gia PLC v my tnh PC 7. Cc tn hiu o lng cn thit a v b iu khin PLC gm: Ap lc nc (AP) Hm lng Clo d CLO PH c NTU lng cn TDS Lu lng nc (Flow) in nng tiu th gia cc trm (Kw/TR) Mc nc Lever

Cc tn hiu th hin trng thi ca cc c cu chp hnh (Bm in, bin tn...), cc van III. 1) Mt s thit b s dng trong h thng cung cp nc sch: Cu hnh mng SCADA bin tn cho cc trm bm

Trong sn xut v cung cp nc sch, vic phi tiu th nng lng in l rt ln (c bit l cc trm bm th v nc sch). V vy, vic s dng k thut bin tn trong cc h truyn ng in ca cc trm bm l i hi cp thit nhm tit gim nng lng tiu th in.

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Lc ny s to nn mng SCADA bin tn ti cc trm bm p ng c nhu cu thc tin v hiu qu trong sn xut cao hn. Hin nay cc doanh nghip c nhu cu thit lp mng SCADA bin tn nhm tha mn nng cao nng lc qun l v tit gim nng lng in. Tuy nhin, thit lp hon chnh v khai thc ht cc tnh nng (Do phn mm quy nh) mng ny i hi ngun vn u t ln, nng cao thit b my mc ti hin trng sao cho ph hp vi i hi ca h thng SCADA. 2) o lu lng (Flow): o lu lng tc thi (m3/s) v lu lng nc tch ly m3 ca dng nc chy trong ng, c th dng nhiu loi cm bin lu lng nh: lu lng k Tuabin, lu lng k khi lng, lu lng k in t, lu lng k siu m...Tuy nhin c s dng nhiu nht vn l lu lng k in t do nhng u im vt tri ca n.

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Cu to:

Nguyn l hot ng: Nguyn l ca cm bin o lu lng kiu in t, da trn lut cm ng in t Faraday: Mt in p s c cm ng khi mt vt dn in chuyn ng qua mt t trng. y, vt dn in chnh l dng chy ca nc chy trong ng ng dn nc qua mt t trng khng i do cun dy to ra. Ty thuc vo tc dng chy m in p sinh ra trn in cc l khc nhau. Nh vy gi tr in p mang thng tin v tc dng chy ca nc trong ng ng. in p ny c a v khi x l, v y s hin th cc thng s v lu lng tc thi v lu

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lng tch ly ln mn hnh hin th LCD, v ng thi truyn thng tin v PLC ca mng SCADA. 3) o p lc (AP): Thng thng p lc nc trong ng ng c quy nh l nh hn 16 Bar. Ph bin trong h SCADA l s dng u o p lc km theo b hin th p lc v truyn dng 4-20mA. u o p lc hot ng da trn nguyn l: thay i gi tr in tr bn dn khi c p lc P p vo b mt tip xc ca u o, in tr thay i lm thay i gi tr in p (hoc dng in) u ra v a n b hin th p lc. ng thi truyn tn hiu 4-20mA (Hoc p 0-10VDC) mang thng tin p lc nc v PLC 4) o c (NTU) v lng cn (TDS): o c (NTU) v lng cn (TDS) ca nc th v nc sch gm u o km theo b iu khin v hin th.

Hnh 6: cu to ca cm bin o lng cn v c

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u o hot ng trn nguyn l pht v nhn nh sng phn x, cng nh sng phn x th hin mc c hoc lng cn ca nc th hay nc sch trong h thng IV. Phn mm giao din HMI (WinCC) Phn mm WinCC s dng y l mt sn phm ca hng Siermens. N cung cp y cc chc nng ca mt h thng giao din ngimy HMI, h tr trc tuyn trong vic gim st v iu khin qu trnh. Vi phng php lp trnh trc quan, thng qua h thng ha, bin chng trnh (Tag) v h thng bng ghi, WinCC cung cp mt giao din thn thin vi ngi s dng, cho php m phng bng hnh nh nhng s kin xy ra trong qu trnh iu khin, gip ngi s dng c th theo di x l thng tin v d dng can thip vo qu trnh sn xut t my tnh trung tm Cc c trng c bn ca phn mm WinCC: 1. Kh nng thit k ha: thc hin cng vic m phng qu trnh bng nhng hnh nh trc quan, WinCC c mt giao din kh hon chnh dnh cho ngi s dng thng qua trnh ng dng thit k ha (Graphics Designer). Trnh ng dng Graphics Desiger gip cho ngi lp trnh v li ton b qu trnh bng phng thc ko th. Cht lng m phng ph thuc vo thm m v kh nng thit k. Vic m phng c thc hin qua cc i tng Smart Object, Windown Object v chia thnh hai bc: l m phng trng thi tnh v m phng trng thi ng. Th hin trng thi tnh: S dng cc i tng chun v cc hnh nh cn thit. Mi i tng chun khi to ra u c cc gi tr thuc tnh mc nh. Ngi thit k cn t cc gi tr nh v tr, kch thc, mu sc Th hin trng thi ng: WinCC c cc chc nng tin ch phc v cho cc nhu cu th hin cc trng thi ng v mt i din ca h thng iu khin. S thay i gi tr ca cc bin chng trnh s l s thay i thuc tnh ca cc i tng. Kh nng ny mang tnh mm do khi t chc chng trnh. Th hin cc trng thi lin ng gia cc i tng:

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Mang li kh nng mm do hn na trong vic thit k ha. Mi i tng khi thay i thuc tnh ca mnh s ko theo s thay i thuc tnh ca cc i tng khc v ngc li. 2. Phng php t chc v x l d liu linh hot: Chng trnh WinCC c nhiu hm chun trong th vin. Mi hm m nhn mt chc nng khc nhau. m rng kh nng v to s linh hot trong vic lp trnh ta c th xy dng nhng c s d liu ring cho mnh phc v cho mc ch no . C s d liu ny c vit bng ngn ng C hoc Visual Basic v c bin dch bng phn mm ring trong WinCC. Vic t chc v xy dng cc hm c thc hin bng Global Scrip. Cc hm chun (Standard Funtion) y l cc hm chc nng ring m WinCC h tr cho ngi lp trnh c trong th vin ca WinCC. Cc hm chun ny c s dng bi tt c cc trnh ng dng. Ngi lp trnh c th to ra nhng hm chun hay thay i hm chun c sn. Nhng yu cu xy dng hoc thay i hm chun da vo kh nng v hiu bit b ngn ng lp trnh C Cc hm ng dng (Project Function) Cc hm ng dng l cc hm m WinCC cung cp vi mc ch s dng trong phm vi mt ng dng c th. Cc hm ny c k khai trong Hearder file Acfx.h. Ngi lp trnh c th thay i hay xy dng hm ng dng mi s dng trong phm vi mt chng trnh c th ca mnh. Cc hm ni (Internet Function) y thc cht l cc hm chc nng c bit m WinCC h tr. Cc hm ny c phm vi s dng trong nhiu ng dng khc nhau xy dng trn phn mm WinCC. Ngi lp trnh ch c th s dng, khng thay i c cc hm ny. Cc hm nn (Action) Cc hm nn (Background Function) c hiu l on m d liu chy ngm trong chng trnh x l mt cng vic xc nh. Ngi s dng phi xy dng hon ton cc hm ny. Cc hm ny c hot ng bi mt iu kin no gi l cc Trigger. Cc Trigger c ba dng l: Acycle trigger, Cycle trigger, Tag triger. Trong : H Anh Thng kt2a- Mail: nguoidixayhokego2003@gmail.com

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Acycle trigger: iu kin kch hot theo thi gian nh sn Cycle trigger: iu kin kch hot theo thi gian chu k Tag trigger: iu kin kch hot theo trng thi ca cc bin. 3. phng thc thc hin iu khin v iu chnh: Cc bin chng trnh m ngi lp trnh khai bo trong Tag management chnh l cc bin iu khin trc tip hay trung gian ca cc thit b iu khin ngoi. Cc d liu ny lun c trao i, cp nht thng qua mng, cc bin ny c th l: o Vng vo Ix.x, IBx, IWx, IDWx. o Vng ra Qx.x, QBx, QWx, QDWx. o Vng nh Mx.x, MBx, MWx, MDWx S thay i cc bin trong phn mm chnh l s thay i vng nh trn thit b. Vic thay i, thu thp v gn gi tr cho cc bin iu khin thng qua cc hm sau: o Int SetTagBit (Name of Tag, value). o Int GetTagBit (Name of Tag). o Int SetTagByte (Name of Tag, value) o Int GetTagByte (Name of Tag) o Int SetTagWord (Name of Tag, value). o Int GetTagWord (Name of Tag). o Int SetTagDWord (Name of Tag, value) o Int GetTagDWotd (Name of Tag) 4. Hin th thng bo h thng: Trong qu trnh iu khin, mt h thng hon chnh cn c chc nng d tm li, khoanh vng s c, a ra cc thng bo v cc li gi x l s c cho ngi vn hnh. Phn mm WinCC cng cung cp cho ngi lp trnh cc chc nng trn thng qua qu trnh ng dng Alarm Logging. Cc dng thng bo li c th l: Thng bo li Cnh bo

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Hin th cc thng tin trng thi

Trn nguyn tc mi thng bo c gn vi mt bin chng trnh. Khi bin chng trnh t ti gi tr t trc, hoc c mt Bit xc nh no dng ln th tng ng vi n l mt thng bo. Cc thng bo bao gm cc thng tin v s c, vng xy ra s c. Cc thng bo c ngi lp trnh to ra thng qua qu trnh ng dng Alarm Logging v c lu tr vi mt tn nh danh no . xc lp mt thng bo trong ch chy chng trnh trc tin phi gi mt ca s ng dng (Application Windows Object) trong thit k ha. Ca s Application c chn trong cc bng i tng chun. Sau xc nh xem ca s ng dng ny s dng chy ng dng no, trong mc ny ta chn Alarm Logging. Khi trong mt chng trnh c th c mt hoc nhiu thng bo vi nhng tn nh danh khc nhau v trong mt danh sch cc tn nh danh ta chn tn m mnh cn. 5. Th hin thng tin thu thp di dng th (Displaying Measured Value) Vic thu thp d liu o l khng th thiu c trong qu trnh iu khin thc. Thng thng s liu o trong qu trnh thu thp v c lu tr, hin th dng bng s, ch th s, hm thi gian, hay th. Nhng gi tr ny s c mt nh danh trong phn mm WinCC. S hin th ca gi tr ny ph thuc vo qu trnh vt l tc ng bn ngoi. V thng tin th hin di dng gi tr theo thi gian cho nn ta cn phi c cc tham s thi gian vo. WinCC h tr chc nng th hin gi tr o thng qua trnh ng dng Tag Logging. 6. Standard interface Cung cp cc chun truyn thng, cc giao din cho php thit lp Drive ni vi cc thit b iu khin ca Siemens hoc vi thit b ca cc hng khc. Phn mm WinCC c nhiu phin bn phc v cho tng m hnh h thng. 7. WinCC l sn phm c tnh an ton h thng cao m bo tnh an ton trong qu trnh vn hnh, phn mm ny c chc nng bo v chng ngi ngoi xm nhp, chc nng cnh bo, thng bo li, hng dn, th hin bng cc phng php d thy trn mn hnh hay bng m thanh thng qua Sound Card trn my tnh.

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Chc nng Redundancy (d phng) trnh cho h thng khi gin on ngay c khi s c my tnh xy ra, qu trnh sn xut khng b gin on v mt iu khin. 8. WinCC l phn mm h thng m o Chy trn tt c cc PC vi b vi x l Pentium. o C th giao tip vi nhiu loi PLC khc nhau khng ch l ca hng Siemens m cn vi PLC ca cc hng nh Allen Bradley, GE Fanuc, Omron, Mitsubishithng qua giao din truyn thng chun. o C kh nng trao i d liu vi cc ng dng Windows thng qua giao din DDE, nh MS Excel hay MS SQL o Cung cp nhiu hm th vin chun o Kh nng truy cp ti d liu thng qua c s d liu chun ODBC, SQL v C-API. o C th tch hp cc i tng t ng dng khc OLE

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KT LUN
Trn y gii thiu nhng nt c bn nht ca h SCADA phc v sn xut v cung cp nc sch v a ra nhng phn t quan trng nht v o lng m bo SCADA hot ng mc ti thiu nht l phc v cc cp qun l trong hot ng gim st, iu , kinh doanh, vn hnh vi thc trng trang thit b/my mc ti hin trng a phn cc doanh nghip sn xut v cung cp nc sch ti nc ta hin nay. i vi cc doanh nghip chuyn sn xut v cung cp nc sch, vn nng cao hiu qu trong vn hnh cc nh my sn xut nc sch v h thng cung cp nc sch l mt i hi cp bch nhm n cc mc tiu: n nh cht lng nc, n nh p lc nc, qun l lng nc khai thc v lng nc tiu th, vn hnh v qun l h thng my mc thit b, qun l h thng ng ng cung cp nc v trong tng lai qun l n tn tng a ch, tng h tiu th nc. n gii thiu nhng vn c bn nht ca vic ng dng cng ngh Scada nhm nng cao nng lc qun l, iu hnh sn xut v cung cp nc sch nhm tha mn nhng mc tiu nu trn. Vy nhn thy t vic phn tch h thng rng, cc doanh nghip sn xut v cung cp nc sch u t thit lp h SCADA phc v gim st ca cc cp qun l cho d thc trng thit b/my mc ti hin trng cha m bo khai thc ht cc chc nng ca h SCADA. Sau , tng bc thng qua s dng h SCADA m nng cao c trnh hiu bit ca i ng cn b k thut/qun l trong doanh nghip.

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t nng cp dn thit b/my mc ti hin trng, tin ti hin i ha ng b qu trnh sn xut v cung cp nc sch.

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