1

I HC QUC GIA THNH PH H CH MINH TRNG I HC KHOA HC T NHIN Khoa in T Vin Thng

ti thc tp: Tm hiu cng ngh mng 3G

n v thc tp: Trung tm Mobiphone khu vc 2

Sinh Vin: Nguyn Trng Ton Nguyn Vit Ting Dng Hoi Tm -0820173 -0820170 -0820142

Ngi hng dn: Chuyn vin K Thut L Dng.

TP.HCM. Ngy 10 thng11 nm 2011

Mc Lc
I. Gii Thiu Cng Ty 1

II. III.A III.B IV. A IV.B IV.C IV.D V. VI.

Kin Thc khi i thc t ti trm BTS 3G ti Vit Nam Nhng dch v 3G ph bin Vit Nam Tng quan v 3G Cu trc mng 3G iu khin cng sut Chuyn giao Chuyn giao gia cc h thng WCDMA v GSM Cc thut ng vit tt

2 4 5 7 8 14 17 26 32

I. Gii thiu v Trung tm Thng tin di ng khu vc II Trung t}m Thng tin di ng khu vc II ta lc ti 18 ng Trng Sn, Phng 14, Qun 10, TP. H Ch Minh trc thuc Cng ty Thng tin Di ng Vit Nam (Vietnam Mobile Telecom Services Company - VMS). c th{nh lp v{o ng{y 16 thng 4 nm 1993, VMS l{ doanh nghip u tin ti Vit Nam khai th|c dch v thng tin di ng GSM 900/1800 vi thng hiu MobiFone. Lnh vc hot ng chnh ca MobiFone l{ t chc thit k x}y dng, ph|t trin mng li v{ trin khai cung cp dch v mi v thng tin di ng c cng ngh, k thut tin tin hin i v{ kinh doanh dch v thng tin di ng cng ngh GSM 900/1800, cng ngh UMTS 3G trn to{n quc. MobiFone l{ nh{ cung cp dch v 3G th 2 ti Vit Nam (th|ng 122009). II. Nhng kin thc ng li sau chuyn i trm y ngha ti Trung tm Thng tin di ng khu vc II Theo ch}n Anh Dng chng ti c dn v{o mt cn phng kh| rng tng 10 ta nh{ Mobifone. Ni }y c 2 Trm ph|t sng 2G(RBS2206-ca Erission c ng b) thuc dng c ca Mobiphone ph|t bng tn 900Mhz. 1 Trm ph|t sng 2G bng tn 1800 v{ mt Trm ph|t sng 3G. trn. Mt trm BTS thng chia l{m 3 Cell A,B,C theo gc 120 ca vng

3 trm 2G c ng b nhau gm mt trm chnh v{ 2 trm ph. Trc }y 3 trm n{y hot ng ring l v{ khi mt trm gp s c th khng nh hng n 2 trm cn li.Tuy nhin thi gian gn }y Mobifone ~ ng b 3 trm n{y. Theo li gii thch ca Anh Dng chng ti c bit: Nu 3 trm n{y hot rng ring th tng {i s phi nh danh 9 cell ring bit. Mt thu bao c th nhy Cell lin tc th tng {i phi Handover lin tc v{ tng {i s l{m vic rt nhiu. Nu c ng b th ch cn 3 cell th gip gim ti cho h thng Core. Tuy nhin nu mt trm chnh c vn th s ko theo c|c trm ph cng khng hot ng c. V sao li chp nhn ri ro n{y ?chng ti hi.

C}u gii thch l{ Cht lng ca mt mng n{y so vi mng kia c |nh gi| qua ch s Handover content (t l HandOver th{nh cng) l{ bao nhiu.V d: Mobifone s l{ trn 97%. Mi Cell gm hai TRx. DxU l{ khi x l trung t}m ging CPU ca m|y tnh c chc nng iu khin.Khi DTU c nhim v x l bng tn gc.bng tn 900Mhz c tn s thp nn c a ln Anten cao hn ph i xa hn so vi 1800Mhz. Tn hiu ti mi cell gm 2 sng c CDU combine li th{nh 1 sng a ln anten ph|t ra knh truyn. mt trm ti thiu c th hot ng c th phi c DxU, 3 cell ti thiu mi cell th phi c mt card sng. SHCU combine sng bng tn 900 & 1800 t 12 d}y ghp th{nh 6 d}y c nhng ln cong tr|nh tn hao do bc x v{ t|n x . 6 d}y n{y c 2 d}y th ln mt Anten dual(va ph|t c 900&1800). Mi BSC c th qun l khong 2000 TRx.Trn l thuyt th mi BSC c th qun l khong 70 BTS(mi BTS c 36TRx).Nhng trn thc t c th h{ng trm n h{ng ng{n BTS ty thuc v{o mi BTS c bao nhiu TRx iu n{y ph thuc v{o mt thu bao. Mi trm mng 2G gi l{ BTS cn 3G gi l{ Node B. Node B cng c bn ging BTS. Khi cng sut a ra anten-tn nhiu cng sut nht, card iu khin v{ khi iu ch bng tn gc. S kh|c nhau c bn i vi BTS th c 12 nhm thu ph|t 900 l{ mt lung E1 2Mbps. Thoi s theo ng E1 n Tng {i. Nu cuc thoi ca mnh chuyn sang mt MSC kh|c th n phi ni vi mt tng {i ca mt mng kh|c. V d: MSC ca Mobiphone phi ni vi MSC ca Viettel, hoc MSC ca Mobiphone phi ni vi tng {i ca Vin Thng Th{nh Ph gi c in thoi c nh trong TP hoc phi ni vi tng {i lin tnh ca VPN gi c|c s c nh lin tnh. Mi BTS s c m~ s nhn dng CGI(cell global identify) duy nht trn th gii. 2G truyn dn TDM c tn s c|c cell kh|c nhau, cn 3G truyn dn TDM hoc IP ph|t trn c|c cell c tn s ging nhau. Sng ra ca 3G l{ 2100Mhz dng tri ph WCDMA. Vi Node B s c thng xy ra card iu khin. V nguyn tc th sng ca trm n{y phi ph n ch}n ca trm kia tr|nh tnh trng mt trm n{o gp s c, tuy nhin cng c th b nghn mng.

Trong c|c Trm BTS u c c|c d}y chng st(m{u xanh) nhiu ng tho|t dng ln. T ngun cp in DC -48V nhm chng nhiu, gm 3module l{ mch chnh lu nhm chuyn AC sang DC cp ti cho trm chy v{ cp in sc Acquy s dng khi mt in. Mi Acquy 12v vi 4 Acquy u ni ni tip nhau th{nh 48V-180A mt gi. Mt t BTS ti ht 6 TRx th v{o khong 20A. 1 Trm th Acquy cung cp c 9h, 2 trm 4,5h, 3 trm 3h. BTS c th ch cn cp 24V. Anh Dng cng cnh b|o vi chng ti: -Nguy him nht l{ h thng ngun c th g}y cht ngi. -C|c bnh Acquy nhiu ch hot ng khi sc v{ khi cung cp in s bc kh ch s g}y cm gi|c mt. TP. HCM c khong 3000 trm BTS. qun I do nhiu ta nh{ cao tng nn ngi ta thng s dng h thng InBuilding. l{ nhng thng tin tht b ch v{ s|t vi thc t m{ chng ti tip thu c sau chuyn i trm ti cng ty Mobifone.

III.A 3G ti Vit Nam Chun 3G m{ B Thng tin v{ Truyn thng Vit Nam ~ cp php l{ chnh l{ WCDMA bng tn 2100 MHz. Cng ngh n{y hot ng da trn CDMA v{ c kh nng h tr c|c dch v a phng tin tc cao nh video, truy cp Internet, hi tho c hnh... WCDMA nm trong di tn 1920 MHz 1980 MHz, 2110 MHz - 2170 MHz... }y l{ s la chn ng n bi theo s ph}n tch trn ta thy rng bng tn ~ c cp php (1900-2200 MHz) cho mng 3G Vit Nam hin ti mi ch c cng ngh WCDMA l{ ~ sn s{ng. C|c cng ngh kh|c, k c CDMA2000-1x EV-DO l{ cha sn s{ng on bng tn n{y v{o thi im hin nay. Cng ngh EV-DO sm nht cng ch c kh nng c mt bng tn 1900-2200 MHz v{o nm 2010 khi Rev. C c thng mi ho|. Mc d mt s nc trn th gii cp php bng tn 3G theo tiu ch c lp v cng ngh (khng gn vic cp bng tn vi bt k cng ngh n{o) nhng thc t trin khai nhiu nc cho thy trong bng tn 1900-2200 MHz, cng ngh WCDMA/HSPA vn l{ cng ngh ch o, c a s c|c nh{ khai th|c la chn. Quy m th trng ln ca cng ngh n{y cng m bo rng n s c tip tc ph|t trin trong tng lai. Cng ngh W-CDMA c c|c c tnh nng c s sau: + Hot ng CDMA bng rng vi bng tn 5MHz; + Lp vt l linh hot tch hp tt c c|c tc trn mt sng mang; + T|i s dng bng 1. Ngo{i ra cng ngh n{y c c|c tnh nng tng cng sau: + Ph}n tp ph|t; + ng ten thch ng + H tr c|c cu trc thu tin tin. W-CDMA nhn c s ng h ln nht trc ht nh tnh linh hot ca lp vt l trong vic h tr c|c kiu dch v kh|c nhau, c bit l{ c|c dch v tc bt thp v{ trung bnh. Nhc im ca W-CDMA l{ h thng khng cp php trong bng tn TDD vi ph|t thu lin tc, cng ngh W-CDMA khng to iu kin cho c|c k thut chng nhiu c|c phng tin l{m vic nh m|y in thoi khng d}y. u im ca cng ngh n{y l{ h tr nhiu mc tc

khc nhau: 144Kbps khi di chuyn nhanh, 384Kbps khi i b (ngo{i tri) v{ cao nht l{ 2Mbps khi khng di chuyn (trong nh{). Vi tc cao, WCDMA c kh nng h tr c|c dch v bng rng nh truy cp Internet tc cao, xem phim, nghe nhc vi cht lng khng thua km kt ni trong mng c d}y. WCDMA nm trong di tn 1920MHz -1980MHz, 2110MHz - 2170MHz. III.B Nhng dch v 3G ph bin Vit Nam

Vinafone , Mobifone v{ Viettel l{ ba nh{ mng u tin cung cp dch v 3G Vit Nam .Hin ti, tc mng 3G ti Vit Nam ~ n}ng ln ti a chun HSDPA 7,2 Mb/giy.

Internet Mobile Mobile Internet l dich vu truy nhap Internet trc tiep t may ien thoai di ong thong qua cac cong nghe truyen d lieu GPRS/EDGE/3G.ay la dich vu c c Vinaphone v{ Mobifone ng dng. Kh|ch h{ng c th truy cp v{o 3G, c b|o, xem video t Internet, ti nh, video cng nh gi nhn mail. Dch v c ng o ngi chn la nht ti Vit Nam hin nay, nht l{ nhng kh|ch h{ng l{m vic di ng, lun mun cp nht thng tin qua mng nhanh. Mobile TV Mobile TV l{ dch v cho php xem c|c knh truyn hnh trc tip (Live TV) v c|c ni dung thng tin theo yu cu (ca nhc, phim, video clip) trn m{n hnh in thoi di ng. Vit Nam, hin nay, VinaPhone l{ mng di ng u tin cung cp dch v Mobile TV trn mng 3G. C|c knh TV hin dch v cung cp gm: VTV1, VTV3, H1TV, HTV3, HTV7, HTV9, O2TV, FashionTV, Channel News Asia, Channel V, TV5 Asia, NHK, DW, CCTV9, Australia Network; Knh VOD: Knh xem phim theo yu cu, cung cp c|c phim, video clip mi, chn lc; Knh MOD. Bn

cnh , Mobile TV cn cung cp c|c ni dung theo yu cu nh xem video, phim, nhc... Mobile Broadband Mobile Broadband l{ dch v truy cp internet tc cao t m|y tnh thng qua cng ngh truyn d liu trn mng in thoi di ng. Mobile Broadband thch hp cho nhng ngi dng di ng, s dng Internet trn laptop ti c|c khu vc khng c Internet. Cng thng tin 3G Tn ca dch v n{y Vinaphone t l{ 3G Portal, Mobifone l{ Wap Portal 3G, trong khi Viettel gi bng Websurf. }y c xem l{ mt knh tin tc do nh{ mng cung cp, cp nht c|c b|o in t v{ a ln di ng, ph hp vi kch thc tng loi m|y, h iu h{nh. Cc dch v khc Trn }y l{ 5 dch v ph bin nht m{ c ba nh{ mng ti Vit Nam cung cp. Trong khi , Vinaphone v{ Viettel cn gii thiu mt s dch v c |o khc. Mobile camera c xem l{ "h{ng c" ca Vinaphone, dch v n{y cho ngi dng xem trnh trng giao thng ti c|c ng~ t H{ Ni trc tip. ng dng hu ch vi nhng ngi cn xem c|c on ng c kh nng b tc trong gi cao im. Vinaphone cho bit, sp ti TP HCM cng s c dch v n{y. Trong khi , nh{ mng Viettel chia ra ti 9 gi dch v kh|c nhau. Ngo{i in thoi video, lt web nhanh, xem TV, thu bao 3G ca nh{ mng n{y cn c th s dng Mclip (xem v{ ti clip v in thoi), Vmail (nhn mail thng qua pushmail), Mstore (gian ng dng cho in thoi), Imuzik 3G (nghe, ti nhc), Gameonline (tng t|c vi thu bao kh|c chi game).

IV.A

Tng quan

S ph|t trin nhanh chng ca dch v s liu m{ IP ~ t ra c|c yu mi i vi cng ngh vin thng di ng. Thng tin di ng th h 2 mc d s dng cng ngh s nhng l{ h thng bng hp v{ c x}y dng trn c ch chuyn mch knh nn khng th |p ng c dch v mi n{y. 3G (third-generation) cng ngh truyn thng th h th ba l{ giai on mi nht trong s tin ha ca ng{nh vin thng di ng. Nu 1G (the first gerneration) ca in thoi di ng l{ nhng thit b analog, ch c kh nng truyn thoi. 2G (the second generation) ca TD gm c hai cng nng truyn thoi v{ d liu gii hn da trn k thut s. Trong bi cnh ITU ~ a ra |n tiu chun ha h thng thng tin di ng th h th 3 vi tn gi IMT 2000. IMT 2000 ~ m rng |ng k kh nng cung cp dch v v{ cho php s dng nhiu phng tin thng tin. Mc ch ca IMT 2000 l{ a ra nhiu kh nng mi nhng cng ng thi m bo s ph|t trin lin tc ca h thng thng tin di ng th h th hai (2G) v{o nhng nm 2000. 3G mang li cho ngi dng c|c dch v gi| tr gia tng cao cp, gip chng ta thc hin truyn thng thoi v{ d liu (nh e-mail v{ tin nhn dng vn bn), download }m thanh v{ hnh nh vi bng tn cao. C|c ng dng 3G thng dng gm hi ngh video di ng; chp v{ gi nh k thut s nh in thoi m|y nh; gi v{ nhn e-mail v{ file nh km dung lng ln; ti tp tin video v MP3; thay cho modem kt ni n m|y tnh x|ch tay hay PDA v{ nhn tin dng ch vi cht lng cao III. Cu trc mng

Kin trc h thng UMTS H thng thng tin di ng th h 3 UMTS tn dng kin trc ~ c trong hu ht c|c h thng thng tin di ng th h 2, v{ thm ch c th h th nht. iu n{y c ch ra trong c|c c t k thut 3GPP H thng UMTS bao gm mt s c|c phn t mng logic, mi phn t c mt c mt chc nng x|c nh. Theo tiu chun, c|c phn t mng c nh ngha ti mc logic, nhng c th li lin quan n vic thc thi mc vt l. c bit l{ khi c mt s c|c giao din m (i vi mt giao din c coi l{

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m, th yu cu giao din phi c nh ngha mt c|ch chi tit v c|c thit b ti c|c im u cui m{ c th cung cp bi 2 nh{ sn xut kh|c nhau). C|c phn t mng c th c nhm li nu c c|c chc nng ging nhau, hay da v{o c|c mng con cha chng. Theo chc nng th c|c phn t mng c nhm th{nh c|c nhm: + Mng truy nhp v tuyn RAN (Mng truy nhp v tuyn mt t UMTS l{ UTRAN). Mng n{y thit lp tt c c|c chc nng lin quan n v tuyn. + Mng li (CN): Thc hin chc nng chuyn mch v{ nh tuyn cuc gi v kt ni d liu n c|c mng ngo{i. + Thit b ngi s dng (UE) giao tip vi ngi s dng v{ giao din v tuyn. Kin trc h thng mc cao c ch ra trong hnh
Uu Iu

UE

UTRAN

CN

Kin trc h thng UMTS mc cao Theo c|c c t ch ra trong quan im chun ha, c UE v{ UTRAN u bao gm c|c giao thc ho{n to{n mi, vic thit k chng da trn nhu cu ca cng ngh v tuyn WCDMA mi. Ngc li, vic nh ngha mng li (CN) c k tha t GSM. iu n{y em li cho h thng c cng ngh truy nhp v tuyn mi mt nn tng mang tnh to{n cu l{ cng ngh mng li ~ c sn, nh vy s thc y s qung b| ca n, mang li u th cnh tranh chng hn nh kh nng roaming to{n cu. H thng UMTS c th chia th{nh c|c mng con c th hot ng c lp hoc hot ng lin kt c|c mng con kh|c v{ n ph}n bit vi nhau bi s nhn dng duy nht. Mng con nh vy gi l{ mng di ng mt t UMTS (PLMN).

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Uu USIM Cu

Iu Nt B RNC Nt B Iub Nt B Iur HLR MSC/ VLR GMSC

PLMN, PSTN, ISDN

ME Nt B UE

RNC UTRAN

SGSN

GGSN CN

Internet M ng ngoi

Cc thnh phn ca mng trong PLMN Thit b ngi s dng (UE) bao gm 2 phn: Thit b di ng (ME) l{ u cui v tuyn s dng giao tip v tuyn qua giao din Uu. Modul nhn dng thu bao UMTS (USIM) l{ mt th thng minh m nhn vic x|c nhn thu bao, thc hin thut to|n nhn thc, v{ lu gi kho| m~ mt, kho| nhn thc v{ mt s c|c thng tin v thu bao cn thit ti u cui. UTRAN cng bao gm 2 phn t: Nt B: chuyn i d liu truyn gia giao din Iub v{ Uu. N cng tham gia v{o qun l t{i nguyn v tuyn. B iu khin mng v tuyn (RNC) s hu v{ iu khin ngun t{i nguyn v tuyn trong vng ca n (gm c|c Nt B ni vi n). RNC l{ im truy cp dch v cho tt c c|c dch v m{ UTRAN cung cp cho mng li. Cc phn t chnh ca mng li GSM: HLR (B ng k thng tr) l{ mt c s d liu trong h thng thng tr ca ngi s dng, lu tr c|c bn gc c|c thng tin hin trng dch v ngi s dng, hin trng v dch v bao gm: thng tin v dch v c php s dng, c|c vng roaming b cm, thng tin c|c dch v b sung nh: trng th|i c|c cuc gi i, s c|c cuc gi i N c to ra khi ngi s

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dng mi ng k thu bao vi h thng, v{ c lu khi thu bao cn thi hn. Vi mc ch nh tuyn c|c giao dch ti UE (c|c cuc gi v{ c|c dch v nhn tin ngn), HLR cn lu tr c|c thng tin v tr ca UE trong phm vi MSC/VLR hoc SGSN. MSC/VLR (Trung tm chuyn mch dch v di ng/B ng k tm tr) l mt b chuyn mch(MSC) v{ c s d liu(VLR) phc v cho UE v tr tm thi ca n cho c|c dch v chuyn mch knh. Chc nng MSC c s dng chuyn mch c|c giao dch s dng chuyn mch knh, chc nng VLR l{ lu tr bn sao v hin trng dch v ngi s dng l{ kh|ch v{ thng tin chnh x|c v v tr ca thu bao kh|ch trong to{n h thng. Phn ca h thng c truy nhp thng qua MSC/VLR thng l{ chuyn mch knh. GMSC (MSC cng): l{ mt b chuyn mch ti v tr m{ mng di ng mt t cng cng UMTS kt ni vi mng ngo{i. Tt c|c kt ni chuyn mch knh n v{ i u phi qua GMSC. SGSN (Nt h tr GPRS phc v) c chc nng tng t nh MSC/VLR nhng thng c s dng cho c|c dch v chuyn mch gi. GGSN (Node cng h tr GPRS) c chc nng gn ging GMSC nhng phc v c|c dch v chuyn mch gi. Mng ngoi c th chia th{nh 2 nhm: Cc mng chuyn mch knh: C|c mng n{y cung cp c|c kt ni chuyn mch knh, ging nh dch v in thoi ang tn ti V d nh ISDN v{ PSTN. Cc mng chuyn mch gi: C|c mng n{y cung cp c|c kt ni cho c|c dch v d liu gi, chng hn nh mng Internet. Cc giao din m c bn ca UMTS: Giao din Cu: }y l{ giao din gia th thng minh USIM v{ ME. Giao din n{y tu}n theo tiu chun cho c|c th thng minh.

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Giao din Uu: }y l{ giao din v tuyn WCDMA. Uu l{ giao din nh UE truy cp c vi phn c nh ca h thng, v{ v th c th l{ phn giao din m quan trng nht trong UMTS. Giao din Iu: Giao din n{y kt ni UTRAN ti mng li. Tng t nh c|c giao din tng thch trong GSM, l{ giao din A (i vi chuyn mch knh), v{ Gb (i vi chuyn mch gi), giao din Iu em li cho c|c b iu khin UMTS kh nng x}y dng c UTRAN v{ CN t c|c nh{ sn xut kh|c nhau. Giao din Iur: Giao din m Iur h tr chuyn giao mm gia c|c RNC t c|c nh{ sn xut kh|c nhau, v{ v th b sung cho giao din m Iu. Giao din Iub: Iub kt ni mt Nt B v{ mt RNC. UMTS l{ mt h thng in thoi di ng mang tnh thng mi u tin m{ giao din gia b iu khin v{ trm gc c chun ho| nh l{ mt giao din m ho{n thin. Ging nh c|c giao din m kh|c, Iub thc y hn na tnh cnh tranh gia c|c nh{ sn xut trong lnh vc n{y. Kin trc mng truy nhp v tuyn UTRAN.

Uu USIM Cu

Iu CS NuB t RNC NuB t Iub NuB t RNS Iur MSC/ VLR

ME NuB t UE

RNC RNS UTRAN Iu PS

SGSN CN

Kin trc UTRAN. UTRAN bao gm mt hay nhiu ph}n h mng v tuyn (RNS). Mt RNS l{ mt mng con trong UTRAN v{ bao gm mt B iu khin mng v tuyn

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(RNC) v{ mt hay nhiu Nt B. C|c RNC c th c kt ni vi nhau thng qua mt giao din Iur. C|c RNC v{ Nt B c kt ni vi nhau qua giao din Iub. C|c yu cu chnh thit k kin trc, giao thc v{ chc nng UTRAN: Tnh h tr ca UTRAN v{ c|c chc nng lin quan: Yu cu t|c ng ti thit k ca UTRAN l{ c|c yu cu h tr chuyn giao mm (mt thit b u cui kt ni ti mng thng qua 2 hay nhiu cell ang hot ng) v{ c|c thut to|n qun l ngun t{i nguyn v tuyn c bit ca WCDMA. L{m tng s tng ng trong vic iu khin d liu chuyn mch gi v{ chuyn mch knh, vi mt ngn xp giao thc giao din v tuyn duy nht v{ vi vic s dng cng mt giao din cho c|c kt ni t UTRA n min chuyn mch gi v{ chuyn mch knh ca mng li. L{m tng tnh tng ng vi GSM. S dng phng thc vn chuyn ATM nh l{ c cu chuyn vn chnh trong UTRA. S dng kiu chuyn vn trn c s IP nh l{ c cu chuyn vn thay th trong UTRAN k t Release 5 tr i. a. B iu khin mng v tuyn B iu khin mng v tuyn (RNC) l{ phn t mng chu tr|ch nhim iu khin ngun t{i nguyn v tuyn ca UTRAN. N giao tip vi mng li (thng l{ vi mt MSC v{ mt SGSN) v{ cng l{ phn t cui cng ca giao thc iu khin ngun t{i nguyn v tuyn m{ x|c nh c|c thng ip v{ th tc gia m|y di ng v{ UTRAN. V mt logic, n tng ng vi BSC trong GSM. *Vai tr logic ca RNC. RNC iu khin mt Nt B (nh l{ vch gii hn cho giao din Iub ti Nt B) c coi nh l{ b RNC ang iu khin (CRNC) ca Nt. B iu khin CRNC chu tr|ch nhim iu khin ti v{ iu khin nghn cho cell ca n, v{ iu khin thu nhn v{ ph}n b m~ cho lin kt v tuyn c thit lp trong cc cell.

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Trong trng hp mt kt ni UTRAN, m|y di ng s dng ngun t{i nguyn t nhiu ph}n h mng v tuyn RNS, th c|c RNS bao gm 2 chc nng logic ring bit (v phng din kt ni m|y di ng - UTRAN ny). RNC phc v (SRNC): RNC cho mi m|y di ng l{ mt RNC m{ x|c nh bin gii c lin kt Iu cho s vn chuyn d liu ngi s dng v{ b|o hiu RANAP tng thch qua mng li (kt ni n{y c gi l{ kt ni RANAP). SRNC cng x|c nh bin gii ca B|o hiu iu khin ngun t{i nguyn v tuyn, n l{ giao thc b|o hiu gia UE v{ UTRAN. N thc hin x l lp 2 cho c|c d liu chuyn qua giao din v tuyn. Hot ng Qun l ngun ti nguyn v tuyn c bn, nh l{ |nh x c|c thng s mang thng tin truy nhp v tuyn th{nh c|c thng s knh chuyn vn giao din v tuyn, quyt nh chuyn giao , v{ iu khin cng sut vng bn ngo{i. C|c hot ng n{y c thc thi trong SNRC. SRNC cng c th l{ CRNC ca mt s Nt B s dng bi m|y di ng cho kt ni vi UTRAN. Mt UE kt ni vi UTRAN th ch c duy nht mt SRNC. B RNC tri ( DRNC): DRNC c th l{ bt c RNC n{o ngo{i SRNC, n iu khin c|c cell s dng bi m|y di ng. Nu cn thit, DRNC c th thc hin kt hp hay chia nh ph}n tp macro. DRNC khng thc hin x l d liu ngi s dng lp 2, nhng nh tuyn mt c|ch trong sut d liu gia giao din Iub v{ Iur, ngoi tr khi UE ang s dng mt knh chuyn vn dng chung. Mt UE c th khng c, c mt hoc c nhiu DRNC. Ch rng mt RNC mc vt l bao gm to{n b c|c chc nng CRNC, SRNC v DRNC. b. Nt B (Trm gc) Chc nng chnh ca Nt B l{ thc hin x l lp 1 giao din v tuyn (ghp xen v{ m~ ho| knh, thch ng tc , tri ph .v.v.). N cng thc hin mt s hot ng Qun l t{i nguyn v tuyn nh l{ iu khin cng sut vng bn trong. V mt logic n tng thch vi Trm gc GSM.

16

IV.C iu khin cng sut Gii thiu chung Mc tiu ca vic s dng iu khin cng sut l{ kh|c nhau trn ng ln v ng xung. C|c mc tiu ca iu khin cng sut c th tm tt nh sau : Khc phc hiu ng gn-xa trn ng ln. Ti u dung lng h thng bng vic iu khin nhiu. L{m tng ti a tui th pin ca u cui di ng. Tn hiu t c|c MS kh|c nhau c truyn i trong cng bng tn mt c|ch ng thi trong c|c h thng WCDMA. Khng c iu khin cng sut, tn hiu n t MS gn vi BS nht c th chn c|c tn hiu t c|c MS kh|c c|ch xa BS hn. Trong tnh hung xu nht, mt MS c cng sut qu| ln c th chn to{n b mt cell. Gii ph|p l{ phi |p dng iu khin cng sut m bo rng c|c tn hiu n t c|c u cui kh|c nhau c cng cng sut hay c cng t s tn hiu trn nhiu (SIR) khi chng n BS.

Hiu ng gn-xa (iu khin cng sut trn ng ln) Trn ng xung, khng c hiu ng gn-xa do m hnh mt-ti-nhiu. iu khin cng sut c nhim v b nhiu bn trong cell g}y ra bi c|c trm di ng, c bit l{ nhiu gn bin gii ca ca c|c cell n{y. Hn th na, iu khin cng sut trn ng xung c nhim v l{m gim thiu to{n b nhiu bng c|ch gi QoS ti mc gi| tr mc tiu.

17

B nhiu bn trong cell (iu khin cng sut ng xung) MS2 phi chu nhiu nhiu bn trong cell hn MS1. V th |p ng mc tiu cht lng ging nhau, cn nhiu nng lng cp ph|t cho cho c|c knh ng xung gia BS v{ MS2. C 3 kiu iu khin cng sut trong c|c h thng WCDMA : iu khin cng sut vng m, iu khin cng sut vng kn, v{ iu khin cng sut vng bn ngoi. a) iu khin cng sut vng m (Open-loop power control) iu khin cng sut vng m c s dng trong UMTS FDD cho vic thit lp nng lng ban u cho MS. Trm di ng s tnh to|n suy hao ng truyn gia c|c trm gc v{ trm di ng bng c|ch o cng tn hiu nhn s dng mch iu khin tng ch t ng (AGC). Tu theo s tnh to|n suy hao ng truyn n{y, trm di ng c th quyt nh cng sut ph|t ng ln ca n. iu khin cng sut vng m c nh hng trong h thng TDD bi v ng ln v{ ng xung l{ tng h, nhng khng nh hng nhiu trong c|c h thng FDD bi v c|c knh ng ln v{ ng xung hot ng trn c|c bng tn kh|c nhau v{ hin tng Phadinh Rayleigh trn ng ln v{ ng xung c lp nhau. Vy iu khin cng sut vng m ch c th b mt c|ch i kh|i suy hao do khong c|ch. l{ l do ti sao iu khin cng sut vng m ch c s dng nh l{ vic thit lp nng lng ban u trong h thng FDD.

18

b) iu khin cng sut vng kn. iu khin cng sut vng khp kn, c gi l{ iu khin cng sut nhanh trong c|c h thng WCDMA, c nhim v iu khin cng sut ph|t ca MS (ng ln), hay l{ cng sut ca trm gc (ng xung) chng li phadinh ca c|c knh v tuyn v{ t c ch tiu t s tn hiu trn nhiu SIR c thit lp bi vng bn ngo{i. Chng hn nh trn ng ln, trm gc so s|nh SIR nhn c t MS vi SIR mc tiu trong mi khe thi gian (0,666ms). Nu SIR nhn c ln hn mc tiu, BS s truyn mt lnh TPC 0 n MS thng qua knh iu khin ring ng xung. Nu SIR nhn c thp hn mc tiu, BS s truyn mt lnh TPC 1 n MS. Bi v tn s ca iu khin cng sut vng kn rt nhanh nn c th b c phadinh nhanh v{ c phadinh chm. c) iu khin cng sut vng bn ngoi iu khin cng sut vng bn ngo{i cn thit gi cht lng truyn thng ti c|c mc yu cu bng c|ch thit lp mc tiu cho iu khin cng sut vng kn nhanh. Mc ch ca n l{ cung cp cht lng yu cu. Tn s ca iu khin cng sut vng bn ngo{i thng l{ 10-100Hz. iu khin cng sut vng bn ngo{i so s|nh cht lng nhn c vi cht lng yu cu. Thng thng, cht lng c nh ngha l{ t li bit mc tiu x|c nh (BER) hay T s li khung (FER). Mi quan h gia SIR mc tiu v{ mc tiu cht lng tu thuc v{o tc di ng v{ hin trng a ng. Nu cht lng nhn tt hn, c ngha l{ mc tiu SIR cao m bo QoS yu cu. gim thiu khong trng, mc tiu SIR s phi gim. Tuy nhin, nu cht lng nhn xu hn cht lng yu cu, mc tiu SIR phi tng ln m bo QoS yu cu.

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4- Chuyn giao Khi qut v chuyn giao trong cc h thng thng tin di ng. C|c mng di ng cho php ngi s dng c th truy nhp c|c dch v trong khi di chuyn nn c thut ng t do cho c|c thit b u cui. Tuy nhin tnh t do n{y g}y ra mt s khng x|c nh i vi c|c h thng di ng. S di ng ca c|c ngi s dng u cui g}y ra mt s bin i ng c trong cht lng lin kt v{ mc nhiu, ngi s dng i khi cn yu cu thay i trm gc phc v. Qu| trnh n{y c gi l{ chuyn giao . Chuyn giao l{ mt phn cn thit cho vic x l s di ng ca ngi s dng u cui. N m bo tnh lin tc ca c|c dch v v tuyn khi ngi s dng di ng di chuyn t qua ranh gii c|c t b{o. Trong c|c h thng t b{o th h th nht nh AMPS, vic chuyn giao tng i n gin. Sang h thng thng tin di ng th h 2 nh GSM v{ PACS th c nhiu c|ch c bit hn bao gm c|c thut to|n chuyn giao c kt hp cht ch trong c|c h thng n{y v{ tr chuyn giao tip tc c gim i. Khi a ra cng ngh CDMA, mt tng kh|c c ngh ci thin qu| trnh chuyn giao c gi l{ chuyn giao mm. Cc kiu chuyn giao trong cc h thng WCDMA 3G. C 4 kiu chuyn giao trong c|c mng di ng WCDMA. l{: Chuyn giao bn trong h thng (Intra-system HO): Chuyn giao bn trong h thng xut hin trong phm vi mt h thng. N c th chia nh th{nh chuyn giao bn trong tn s (Intra-frequency HO) v{ chuyn giao gia c|c tn s (Inter- frequency HO). Chuyn giao trong tn s xut hin gia c|c cell thuc cng mt sng mang WCDMA, cn chuyn giao gia c|c tn s xut hin gia c|c cell hot ng trn c|c sng mang WCDMA kh|c nhau. Chuyn giao gia cc h thng (Inter-system HO): Kiu chuyn giao ny xut hin gia c|c cell thuc v 2 cng ngh truy nhp v tuyn kh|c nhau (RAT) hay C|c ch truy nhp v tuyn kh|c nhau (RAM). Trng hp ph

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bin nht cho kiu u tin dng chuyn giao gia c|c h thng WCDMA v{ GSM/EDGE. Chuyn giao gia 2 h thng CDMA cng thuc kiu n{y. Mt v d ca chuyn giao Inter-RAM l{ gia c|c ch UTRA FDD v{ UTRA TDD. Chuyn giao cng (HHO- Hard Handover): HHO l{ mt loi th tc chuyn giao trong tt c c|c lin kt v tuyn c ca mt m|y di ng c gii phng trc khi c|c lin kt v tuyn mi c thit lp. i vi c|c dch v thi gian thc, th iu c ngha l{ c mt s gi|n on ngn xy ra, cn i vi c|c dch v phi thi gian thc th HHO khng nh hng g. Chuyn giao cng din ra nh l{ chuyn giao trong cng tn s v{ chuyn giao ngo{i tn s. Chuyn giao mm (SHO) v chuyn giao mm hn(Softer HO): Trong sut qu| trnh chuyn giao mm, mt m|y di ng ng thi giao tip vi c 2 hoc nhiu cell ( i vi c 2 loi chuyn giao mm) thuc v c|c trm gc kh|c nhau ca cng mt b iu khin mng v tuyn (intra-RNC) hoc c|c b iu khin mng v tuyn kh|c nhau (inter-RNC). Trn ng xung (DL), m|y di ng nhn c|c tn hiu kt hp vi t s ln nht. Trn ng ln (UL), knh m~ di ng c t|ch sng bi c 2 BS (i vi c 2 kiu SHO), v{ c nh tuyn dn b iu khin v tuyn cho s kt hp la chn. Hai vng iu khin cng sut tch cc u tham gia v{o chuyn giao mm: mi vng cho mt BS. Trong trng hp chuyn giao mm hn, mt m|y di ng c iu khin bi t nht 2 sector trong cng mt BS, RNC khng quan t}m v{ ch c mt vng iu khin cng sut hot ng. Chuyn giao mm v{ chuyn giao mm hn ch c th xy ra trong mt tn s sng mang, do chng l{ c|c qu| trnh chuyn giao trong cng tn s. Cc mc ch ca chuyn giao. Chuyn giao c th c khi to t 3 c|ch kh|c kh|c nhau: m|y di ng khi xng, mng khi xng v{ m|y di ng h tr. My di ng khi xng: M|y di ng tin h{nh o cht lng, chn ra c|c BS v{ b chuyn mch tt nht, vi s h tr ca mng. Kiu chuyn giao

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n{y nhn chung to ra mt cht lng lin kt ngho n{n c o bi m|y di ng. Mng khi xng: BS tin h{nh o c v{ b|o c|o vi b iu khin mng RNC, RNC s a ra quyt nh liu c thc hin chuyn giao hay khng. Chuyn giao do mng khi xng c thc hin cho c|c mc ch kh|c ngoi vic iu khin lin kt v tuyn, chng hn nh iu khin ph}n b lu lng gia c|c cell. Mt v d ca trng hp n{y l{ chuyn giao vi l do lu lng (TRHO) c iu khin bi BS. TRHO l{ mt thut to|n thay i ngng chuyn giao cho mt hay nhiu s ri i sang cell lin k t mt cell c th tu thuc v{o ti ca cell . Nu ti ca cell n{y vt qu| mc cho trc, v{ ti cell l}n cn di mt mc cho trc kh|c, th cell ngun s thu hp li vng ph sng ca n, chuyn lu lng n cell l}n cn. V th, tc nghn (block) tng th b gim i, tn dng tt hn ngun t{i nguyn c|c cell. H tr my di ng: Trong phng ph|p n{y c mng v{ m|y di ng u tin h{nh o c. M|y di ng b|o c|o kt qu o c t c|c BS gn n v{ mng s quyt nh c thc hin chuyn giao hay khng. C|c mc ch ca chuyn giao c th tm tt nh sau: m bo tnh lin tc ca c|c dch v v tuyn khi ngi s dng di ng di chuyn qua ranh gii ca c|c t b{o. Gi cho QoS m bo mc yu cu. Lm gim nh mc nhiu trong to{n b h thng bng c|ch gi cho m|y di ng c kt ni vi BS tt nht. Roaming gia c|c mng kh|c nhau C}n bng ti. S khi xng cho mt qu| trnh chuyn giao c th bt ngun t cht lng dch v ca lin kt (UL hoc DL), s thay i ca dch v, s thay i tc , c|c l do lu lng hoc s can thit vn h{nh v{ bo dng.

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Cc th tc v php o c chuyn giao. Th tc chuyn giao c th chia th{nh 3 pha : o c, quyt nh, v{ thc thi chuyn giao Trong pha o c chuyn giao, c|c thng tin cn thit a ra quyt nh chuyn giao c o c. C|c thng s cn o thc hin bi m|y thng l{ t s Ec/I02 (Ec: l nng lng knh hoa tiu trn mt chip, v I0 : l mt ph cng sut nhiu tng th) ca knh hoa tiu chung (CPICH) ca cell ang phc v m|y di ng v{ ca c|c cell l}n cn. i vi c|c kiu chuyn giao x|c nh, cn o c|c thng s kh|c. Trong mng khng ng b UTRA FDD (WCDMA ), cc thng s nh thi lin quan gia c|c cell cn c o iu chnh vic nh thi truyn dn trong chuyn giao mm thc hin vic kt hp thng nht trong b thu Rake. Mt kh|c, s truyn dn gia c|c BS kh|c nhau s kh kt hp, c bit l{ hot ng iu khin cng sut trong chuyn giao mm s phi chu nh hng ca tr b sung. Trong pha quyt nh chuyn giao, kt qu o c so s|nh vi c|c ngng ~ x|c nh v{ sau s quyt nh c bt u chuyn giao hay khng. C|c thut to|n kh|c nhau c iu kin khi to chuyn giao kh|c nhau. Trong pha thc thi, qu| trnh chuyn giao c ho{n th{nh v{ c|c thng s lin quan c thay i tu theo c|c kiu chuyn giao kh|c nhau. Chng hn nh, trong pha thc thi ca chuyn giao mm, m|y di ng s thc hin hoc ri b trng th|i chuyn giao mm, mt BS mi s c b sung hoc gii phng, tp hp c|c BS ang hot ng s c cp nht v{ cng sut ca mi knh lin quan n chuyn giao mm c iu chnh. Chuyn giao trong cng tn s. Chuyn giao mm Chuyn giao mm ch c trong cng ngh CDMA. So vi chuyn giao cng thng thng, chuyn giao mm c mt s u im. Tuy nhin, n cng c mt s c|c hn ch v s phc tp v{ vic tiu th t{i nguyn tng ln. Vic

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quy hoch chuyn giao mm ban u l{ mt trong c|c phn c bn ca ca vic hoch nh v{ ti u mng v tuyn. Trong phn n{y s trnh b{y nguyn l ca chuyn giao mm. a. Nguyn l chuyn giao mm. Chuyn giao mm kh|c vi qu| trnh chuyn giao cng truyn thng. i vi chuyn giao cng, mt quyt nh x|c nh l{ c thc hin chuyn giao hay khng v{ m|y di ng ch giao tip vi mt BS ti mt thi im. i vi chuyn giao mm, mt quyt nh c iu kin c to ra l{ c thc hin chuyn giao hay khng. Tu thuc v{o s thay i cng tn hiu knh hoa tiu t hai hay nhiu trm gc c lin quan, mt quyt nh cng cui cng s c to ra giao tip vi duy nht 1 BS. iu n{y thng din ra sau khi tn hiu n t mt BS chc chn s mnh hn c|c tn hiu n t BS kh|c. Trong thi k chuyn tip ca chuyn giao mm, MS giao tip ng thi vi c|c BS trong tp hp tch cc (Tp hp tch cc l{ danh s|ch c|c cell hin ang c kt ni vi MS).

S so snh gia chuyn giao cng v chuyn giao mm.

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Gi s rng c mt u cui di ng trong mt chic t ang chuyn ng t cell n{y sang cell kh|c, BS1 l{ trm gc phc v u tin ca MS. Trong khi di chuyn, MS s lin tc o cng ca tn hiu hoa tiu nhn c t c|c BS gn n. Vi chuyn giao cng vic khi xng chuyn giao c thc hin nh sau: If (pilot_E0/I0)2 (pilot_Ec/I0)1> D and BS1 is serving BS Handover to BS2; Else Do not handover; End. Trong : (pilot_Ec/I0)1 v (pilot_Ec/I0)2 l Ec/I0 ca knh hoa tiu nhn t BS1 v BS2, D l{ h s d tr tr. L do a ra d tr tr trong thut to|n chuyn giao cng l{ tr|nh hiu ng ping-pong, hiu ng n{y xy ra khi mt m|y di ng di chuyn qua li bin gii mt cell, chuyn giao cng s xut hin. Ngo{i s di ng ca MS, nh hng phadinh ca c|c knh v tuyn c th nh hng nghim trng bi hiu ng ping-pong. Bngvic a ra d tr tr, hiu ng ping-pong c th c gim nh bi v m|y di ng s khng thc hin chuyn giao ngay tc th n c|c BS tt hn. d tr c{ng ln, hiu ng ping-pong c{ng t nh hng. Tuy nhin khi d tr ln th tr c{ng nhiu. Hn th na, m|y di ng cn g}y ra nhiu b sung ti c|c cell l}n cn do lin kt c cht lng km khi b tr. V th, vi chuyn giao cng, gi| tr ca d tr tr kh| l{ quan trng. Khi chuyn giao xut hin, lin kt lu lng u tin vi BS1 s b ngt trc khi thit lp lin kt mi vi BS2 , cho nn chuyn giao cng l{ qu| trnh ct trc khi thc hin. Trng hp chuyn giao mm, trc khi (pilot_ Ec/I0)2 vt qu| (pilot_ Ec/I0)1 , min l{ iu kin khi xng chuyn giao mm c |p ng, MS vn chuyn sang trng th|i chuyn giao mm v{ mt lin kt mi c thit lp. Trc khi BS1 b ct (iu kin ngt chuyn giao c |p ng), th MS s

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giao tip ng thi vi c BS1 v BS2. V th, kh|c vi chuyn giao cng, chuyn giao mm l{ qu| trnh thc hin trc khi ct. Mt s c|c thut to|n c ngh h tr chuyn giao mm v{ c|c iu kin ca n c s dng trong c|c thut to|n kh|c nhau. Qu| trnh chuyn giao mm kh|c nhau trn c|c hng truyn dn kh|c nhau. Trn ng ln, MS ph|t tn hiu v{o khng trung nh anten a hng ca n. Hai BS trong tp hp tch cc c th ng thi nhn tn hiu nh h s s dng li tn s c|c h thng CDMA. Sau , c|c tn hiu c chuyn n b iu khin mng v tuyn RNC cho s kt hp c chn la. Khung tt hn c chn v{ nhng khung kh|c th b loi b. V th trn ng ln khng cn c knh m rng h tr chuyn giao mm. Trn ng xung, c|c tn hiu tng t cng c ph|t ra nh c|c BS v{ MS c th kt hp c|c tn hiu t c|c BS kh|c nhau khi n ph|t hin thy c|c tn hiu l{ c|c th{nh phn a ng b sung. Thng th s dng chin lc kt hp c t s ln nht, vic n{y s tng thm li ch c gi l{ ph}n tp v m.Tuy nhin, h tr chuyn giao mm trn ng xung, cn thit t nht mt knh ng xung m rng (i vi c 2 loi chuyn giao mm). Knh ng xung m rng t|c ng ti ngi s dng kh|c nh l{ nhiu b sung trn giao din v tuyn. V th h tr chuyn giao mm trn ng xung cn nhiu t{i nguyn hn. Kt qu l{, trn ng xung, hiu sut ca chuyn giao mm ph thuc s iu chnh gia h s tng ch ph}n tp v m v{ s tiu tn t{i nguyn tng thm. Cc c im ca chuyn giao mm. So vi phng thc chuyn giao cng truyn thng, chuyn giao mm c nhng u im r r{ng, nh loi tr hiu ng ping-pong v{ to ra s lin tc trong truyn dn (khng c ngt qu~ng trong chuyn giao mm). Khng c hiu ng ping-pong c ngha l{ ti trong b|o hiu mng thp hn v{ trong chuyn giao mm, th khng c suy hao d liu do truyn dn b ngt nh trong chuyn giao cng.

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Ngo{i iu khin di ng, cn c mt l do kh|c thc hin chuyn giao mm trong WCDMA; cng vi iu khin cng sut, chuyn giao mm cng c s dng nh l{ mt c cu gim nhiu.

S suy gim nhiu do c chuyn giao mm trong UL Gi s rng MS di chuyn t BS1 n BS2. Ti v tr hin ti tn hiu pilot nhn c t BS2 ~ mnh hn t BS1. iu n{y c ngha l{ BS2 tt hn BS1. Trong hnh (a) vng iu khin cng sut tng nng lng ph|t n MS m bo QoS trn ng ln khi MS di chuyn ra xa khi BS phc v ca n, BS1. Trong hnh (b), MS ang trong trng th|i chuyn giao mm: c BS1 v BS2 u ng thi lng nghe MS. Sau tn hiu nhn c chuyn n RNC kt hp. Trn ng ln, s kt hp chn la c s dng trong chuyn giao mm. Khung khe hn c chn la v{ khung yu hn b loi b. Bi v BS2 tt hn BS1, |p ng QoS mc tiu, cng sut ph|t c yu cu t MS thp hn cng sut cn thit trong m hnh (a). V th, nhiu c to ra bi MS n{y trn ng ln tht hn khi c chuyn giao mm v chuyn giao mm lun gi cho MS c kt ni vi BS tt nht. Trn ng xung, tnh

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hung phc tp hn. Mc d vic kt hp theo h s ln nht em li li ph}n tp macro, vn yu cu c|c knh ng xung m rng h tr chuyn giao mm. o c chuyn giao. Trong WCDMA, UE lin tc qut c|c cell kh|c c cng tn s khi s dng knh ring trong trng th|i cell_DCH. UE thng s dng b lc tm ra knh ng b s cp (P-SCH) ca c|c cell l}n cn. Tt c c|c cell ph|t cng m~ ng b m{ UE ang tm kim. UE nhn dng c|c cell bng knh ng b th cp (SSCH) v{ knh pilot (CPICH). Sau th tc ng b, UE c th tin h{nh o pilot_Ec/I0 v{ nhn dng cell. Bi v c|c Nt B WCDMA c th khng ng b, UE cng gii m~ s khung h thng (SFN) t c|c cell l}n cn. SFN cho bit vic nh thi Nt B vi ph}n gii khung l{ 10ms. SFN c ph|t trn knh qung b|, BCH, tin h{nh trn knh vt l iu khin chung s cp, P-CCPCH. Ch : + S c|c nh xung m{ UE c th thu c bng b lc kt hp ca n c{ng nhiu, vic nhn dng cell WCDMA din ra c{ng l}u. Thi gian nhn dng cell ph thuc c|c yu t sau: S c|c nh|nh a ng.. S c|c cell trong phm vi UE thu bt c sng. S c|c cell ~ tm thy. Kch c ca danh s|ch c|c cell l}n cn. + UE cn phi c kh nng b|o c|o vic o c: Trong vng 200ms i vi mt cell c nhn dng. Trong vng 800ms i vi mt cell mi trong danh s|ch cell l}n cn. Trong vng 30ms vi mt cell mi ngo{i danh s|ch c|c cell l}n cn.

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Chuyn giao gia cc h thng WCDMA v GSM. C|c chun WCDMA v{ GSM h tr chuyn giao c hai ng gia WCDMA v{ GSM. S chuyn giao n{y c th s dng cho mc ch ph sng v{ c}n bng ti. Ti pha ban u khi trin khai WCDMA, chuyn giao ti h thng GSM c th s dng gim ti trong c|c t b{o GSM. Khi lu lng trong mng WCDMA tng, th rt cn chuyn giao cho mc ch ti trn c ng ln v{ ng xung. Chuyn giao gia c|c h thng c khi xng ti RNC/BSC v{ t gc h thng thu, th chuyn giao gia c|c h thng tng t nh chuyn giao gia c|c RNC hay chuyn giao gia c|c BSC. Thut to|n v{ vic khi xng n{y khng c chun ho|. Vic o c chuyn giao gia c|c h thng khng hot ng thng xuyn nhng s c khi ng khi c nhu cu thc hin chuyn giao gia c|c h thng. Vic khi xng chuyn giao l{ mt thut to|n do RNC thc hin v{ c th da v{o cht lng (BLER) hay cng sut ph|t yu cu. Khi khi xng o c, u tin UE s o cng sut tn hiu ca c|c tn s GSM trong danh s|ch l}n cn. Khi kt qu o c c gi ti RNC, n ra lnh cho UE gii m~ nhn dng trm gc (BSIC) ca cell ng c GSM tt nht. Khi RNC nhn c BSIC, mt lnh chuyn giao c gi ti UE. Vic o c c th ho{n thnh trong 2s. Ch nn. WCDMA s dng vic thu ph|t lin tc v{ khng th tin h{nh o c vi b nhn n nu nh khng c nhng khong gi|n on to ra bi c|c tn hiu WCDMA. V th, ch nn cn thit cho vic o c trong chuyn giao gia c|c tn s v{ chuyn giao gia c|c h thng. Trong sut khong gi|n on ca ch nn, iu khin cng sut nhanh khng th s dng v{ mt phn li ghp chn b mt. V vy, trong sut khung nn cn Ec/N0 cao hn dn ti dung lng b gim. Ch nn cng nh hng n vng ph sng ng ln ca c|c dch v thi gian thc, trong tc bit khng th gim trong sut ch nn. V

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th m{ th tc chuyn giao gia c|c h thng phi c bt u sm ti bin gii c|c cell tr|nh s suy gim cht lng ti ch nn. Chuyn giao t GSM sang WCDMA c bt u ti BSC ca GSM. Khng cn s dng ch nn tin h{nh o c WCDMA t GSM v GSM s dng ch thu ph|t khng lin tc. Thi gian ngt dch v trong chuyn giao gia c|c h thng ln nht l{ 40ms. Thi gian ngt l{ khong thi gian gia block chuyn vn thu cui cng trn tn s c v{ thi gian UE bt u ph|t trn knh ng ln mi. Tng khong h dch v ln hn thi gian ngt v UE cn nhn c knh ring hot ng trong mng GSM. Khong h dch v thng di 80ms tng t nh chuyn giao trong GSM. Khong h khng l{m gim cht lng dch v. Chuyn giao gia cc tn s trong WCDMA. Hu ht c|c b vn h{nh UMTS u c 2 hoc 3 tn s FDD c hiu lc. Vic vn h{nh c th bt u s dng mt tn s v{ tn s th hai, th ba. Mt v{i tn s c s dng trong cng mt site s tng dung lng ca site hoc c|c lp micro v{ macro c s dng c|c tn s kh|c nhau. Chuyn giao gia c|c tn s sng mang WCDMA cn s dng phng ph|p n{y. Trong chuyn giao n{y, ch nn cng c s dng trong vic o c chuyn giao ging nh trong chuyn giao gia c|c h thng. UE cng s dng th tc ng b WCDMA ging nh chuyn giao trong tn s nhn dng cell c tn s mc tiu. Thi gian nhn dng cell ch yu ph thuc v{o s c|c cell v{ s c|c th{nh phn a ng m{ UE c th thu c ging nh trong chuyn giao cng tn s. Yu cu thi gian nhn dng cell l{ 5s vi E c/I0 ca CPICH > -20dB.

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Tng kt chuyn giao. C|c kiu chuyn giao c tng kt trong bng 3-6. Chuyn giao in hnh nht ca WCDMA l{ chuyn giao cng tn s c iu khin bi c|c thng s trong hnh 3-31. B|o c|o chuyn giao cng tn s thng khi xng cho s kin, v{ RNC ra lnh thc hin chuyn giao da v{o c|c b|o c|o o c. Trong trng hp chuyn giao trong cng tn s UE c kt ni vi Nt B tt nht tr|nh hiu ng gn xa, v{ RNC lun phi hot ng la chn c|c cell mc tiu. Kiu chuyn giao Chuyn giao trong tn s WCDMA Bng 3- 1 Tng kt chuyn giao o c chuyn giao Bo co o c Mc ch chuyn giao t UE chuyn n RNC giao

o trong to{n b B|o c|o khi - S di thi gian s dng b xng s kin ng lc kt hp thng thng Chuyn giao Vic o ch bt u B|o c|o nh k - Ph gia cc h khi cn thit, s trong sut ch sng thng WCDMA - dng ch nn nn - Ti GSM - Dch v Chuyn giao gia cc tn s WCDMA Vic o ch bt u B|o c|o nh k - Ph khi cn, s dng ch trong sut ch sng nn nn - Ti

Vic o c chuyn giao gia c|c h thng v{ gia c|c tn s thng ch bt u khi cn thc hin chuyn giao. Chuyn giao gia c|c tn s cn c}n bng ti gia c|c sng mang WCDMA v{ c|c lp cell, v{ m rng vng ph sng nu tn s kh|c khng bao ph ht. Chuyn giao ti h thng GSM m rng vng ph sng WCDMA, c}n bng ti gia c|c h thng v{ nh hng c|c dch v n c|c h thng ph hp nht.

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CC THUT NG
GSM: ETSI: NSS: BSS: MS: MSC: PSTN: ISDN: HLR: VLR: AUC: EIR: BSC: BTS: SIM: LA: PLMN: OSI: SSN07: TRX: GMSC: CPN: SCCP: BSSAP: BSSMAP: DTAP: MTP: TRXM: CCM: RLM: DCM: Global System for Mobile communication European Telecommunications Standards Institute Network Switching Subsystem Base Station Subsystem Mobile Stations Mobile Switching Center PublicSwitchedTelephone Network Integrated Services Digital Network Home Location Register Visitor Location Registe AUthentication Center Equipment Identity Register Base Station Controller Base Tranceiver Station Subscriber Identity Module Location Area Public Land Mobile Network Open System Interconnection Signalling System Number 7 Transmitter/Receiver Gateway-MSC Coloured Petri Nets Signaling Connection Control Part Base Station Subsystem Application Part Base Station Subsystem Application Part Management H thng thng tn di ng ton cu Tiu chn ca Hc Vin Vin Thng Chu u H thng h tr chuyn mch mng H thng trm gc Trm di ng Trung tm chuyn mch di ng Mng in thoi chuyn mch cng cng Mng s tch hp cc dch v B ghi nh v thng tr B ghi nh v tm tr Trung tm nhn thc B ghi nhn dng thit b B iu khin trm gc Trm thu pht c s Module nhn dng thu bao Vng nh v Mng di ng cng cng mt t H thng lin kt m H thng bo hiu s 7 B truyn pht/b thu nhn MSC cng

Phn iu khin kt ni bo hiu

Phn ng dng h thng con trm c s Phn qun l ng dng h thng con trm c s Phn ng dng iu khin truyn Phn chuyn i bn tin Qun l TRX Qun l knh chung Qun l lin kt v tuyn Qun l knh chuyn dng

Direct Transfer Application Part Message Transfer Part TRX Management Common Channel Management Radio Link Management Dedicated Channel Management

32
LAPD c iu chnh Ti nguyn v tuyn Qun l di ng Qun l kt ni cuc gi Nhn dng thu bao di ng quc t n v chuyn m/p ng Chc nng tng tc Knh lu lng Knh iu khin Knh qung b Knh iu khin chung Knh iu khin ring Dch v tin nhn ngn qung b cell Knh qung b cell Knh iu khin lin kt nhanh Knh iu khin kt hp chm Knh h tr truy cp Knh nhn tin Knh ng b Knh hiu chnh tn s Knh iu khin qung b Knh truy cp ngu nhin Kho dch pha ti thiu Gauss S hiu chnh li tin tin Thng tin khng c nh s t ch cn bng khng ng b S xc nhn khng c nh s Cuc gi c bt u t trm di ng Nhn dng thit b di ng quc t Nhn dng thu bao di ng quc t Qun l h thng v tuyn con Dch v bn tin ngn im truy cp dch v qung b cell a truy cp phn chia theo m a truy cp phn chia theo thi gian

LAPDm: RR: MM: CC: IMSI: TRAU: I WF: TCH: CCH: BCH: CCCH: DCCH: SMSCB: CBCH: FACCH: SACCH: AGCH: PCH: SCH: FCCH: BCCH: RACH: GMSK: FEC: UI: SABM: UA: MOC: IMEI: IMSI: RSM: SMS: CBSAP: CDMA TDMA

LAPDmodified Radio Resource Mobility Management Call Connection Management International Mobile Subscriber Identity Transcoder/ Adapter Rate Unit InterWorking Function Traffic Channels Control Channels Broadcasting Channel Common Control Channel Dedicated Control Channel Short Message Service Cell Broadcast Cell Broadcasting Channel Fast Associated Control Channel Slow Asociated Control Channel Access Grant Channel Paging Channel Synchronization Channel Frequency Correction Channel Broadcasting Control Channel Random Access Channel Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying Forward Error Correction Unnumbered Information Set Asynchronous Balance Mode Unnumbred Acknowledgement Mibile Originated Call International Mobile Equipment Identity International Mobile Subscriber Identity Radio Subsystem Management Short Message Service Cell Broadcast Service Access Point Code Division Multiple Access Time Division Multiple Access

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a truy cp phn chia theo tn s

FDMA

Frequency Division Multyple Access