HOC V I EN H AI QUAN

K HOA VUK H DI NC












TI NGHIN CU KHOA HC


TEN ETAI
NG DNG K THUT VI IU KHIN XAY DNG HE
TH ONG TONG I EU K HI EN NHI ET OL ONHI ET


















Nha Trang, Thang 6 Nam 2011





























H OC VI EN HAI QUAN
K HOA V UK H DI NC








TI NGHIN CU KHOA HC


TEN ETAI
NG DNG K THUT VI IU KHIN XAY DNG H ETH ONG
T ONG I EU K HI EN NH I ET OL ONHI ET







Ngi hng dan : Thng ta Nguyen Xuan Phu
Hoc vi en thc hi en : Ngoang Hi en Lp KMP10










Nha Trang, Thang 6 Nam 2011


LI NOI AU
Ngay nay vi sphat tri en cua cong nghi ep vi i en t, kythuat socac he
thong i eu khi en dan dan c tong hoa. Vi nhng kythuat ti en ti en nh vi
xl , vi mach soc ng dung vao l nh vc i eu khi en, th cac hethong i eu
khi enc kh thos, vi toc oxl cham chap t chnh xac c thay thebang
cac hethong i eu khi en t ong vi cac l enh chng trnh ac thi et l ap
trc.
Trong quatrnh san xuat cac nhamay, x nghi ep hi en nay, vi ec o va
khong chenhi et ot ong l amot yeu cau het sc can thi et vaquan trong. V
neu nambat c nhi et ol am vi ec cuacac hethong, day chuyen san xuat
gi up ta bi etc tnh trang l am vi ec cua cac yeu cau. Vaconhng xl ykp
thi tranh c nhng h hong vascocothexay ra.
eap ng c yeu cau o vakhong chenhi et otong, th conhi eu
phng phap ethc hi en, nghi en cu khao sat vi i eu khi en toi nhan thay
rang: ng dung vi i eu khi en vao vi ec o vakhong chenhi et ot ong l a
phng phap toi u nhat. c sgi up cua gi ao vi en hng dan Thng ta
Nguyen Xuan Phuagi up toi nhi eu trong quatrnh ti en hanh thc hi en etai
ng dung vi ieu khien xay dng hethong on nh nhiet olonhiet .


H oc vien

Ngoang Hi en





CHNG I : GII THIU CHUNG V L NHIT
1.1 Gii thiu
L in l mt thit b in bin in nng thnh nhit nng dng trong cc
qu trnh cng ngh khc nhau nh nung hoc nu luyn cc vt liu, cc kim loi
v cc hp kim khc nhau v.v...
- L in c s dng rng ri trong cc lnh vc k thut :
+ Sn xut thp cht lng cao
+ Sn xut cc hp kim phe-r
+ Nhit luyn v ho nhit luyn
+ Nung cc vt phm trc khi cn, rn dp, ko si
+ Sn xut c v kim loi bt
- Trong cc lnh vc cng nghip khc :
+ Trong cng nghip nh v thc phm, l in c dng sy, m vt
phm v chun b thc phm
+ Trong cc lnh vc khc, l in c dng sn xut cc vt phm thu
tinh, gm s, cc loi vt liu chu la v.v...
- L in khng nhng c mt trong cc ngnh cng nghip m ngy cng c
dng ph bin trong i sng sinh hot hng ngy ca con ngi mt cch
phong ph v a dng : Bp in, ni nu cm in, bnh un nc in, thit b
nung rn, sy in v.v...
1.2 - u im ca l in so vi cc l s dng nhin liu
L in so vi cc l s dng nhin liu c nhng u im sau :
- C kh nng to c nhit cao
- m bo tc nung ln v nng sut cao
- m bo nung u v chnh xc do d iu chnh ch in v nhit
- Kn
- C kh nng c kh ho v t ng ho qu trnh cht d nguyn liu v vn


chuyn vt phm
- m bo iu khin lao ng hp v sinh, iu kin thao tc tt, thit b gn nh
1.3 - Nhc im ca l in
- Nng lng in t
- Yu cu c trnh cao khi s dng
1.4 - Nguyn l lm vic ca l in tr
L in tr lm vic da trn c s khi c mt dng in chy qua mt dy
dn hoc vt dn th s to ra mt l-ng nhit theo nh lut Jun-Lenx :
Q=I
2
RT
Q - Lng nhit tnh bng Jun (J)
I - Dng in tnh bng Ampe (A)
R - in tr tnh bng m
T - Thi gian tnh bng giy (s)
T cng thc trn ta thy in tr R c th ng vai tr :
- Vt nung : Trng hp ny gi l nung trc tip
- Dy nung : Khi dy nung c nung nng n s truyn nhit cho vt nung bng
bc x, i lu, dn nhit hoc phc hp. Trng hp ny gi l nung gin tip.
Trng hp th nht t gp v n ch dng nung nhng vt c hnh dng n
gin ( tit din ch nht, vung v trn )
Trng hp th hai thng gp nhiu trong thc t cng nghip. Cho nn ni n
l in tr khng th khng cp n vt liu lm dy nung, b phn pht
nhit ca l.







Chng II : Vi iu khin PIC16F877A v Cm bin nhit
DS18B20

2.1. c tnh ca vi iu khin PIC16F877A
S dng cng ngh tch hp cao RISC CPU.
Ngi s dng c th lp trnh vi 35 cu lnh n gin.
Tt c cc cu lnh u c thc hin trong mt chu k ngoi tr mt s
lnh r nhnh c thc hin trong 2 chu k lnh.
Tc hot ng l: -Xung ng h vo DC 20MHz.
Chu k thc hin trong 200ns.
B nh chng trnh flash 8Kx 14words.
B nh Ram 368x8bytes.
B nh EFPROM 256x8 bytes.
- Kh nng ca b vi iu khin ny
Kh nng ngt: ln ti 15 ngun ngt trong v ngt ngoi.
Ngn nh Stack c phn chia lm 8 mc.
Truy cp b nh bng a ch trc tip hoc gim tip
Ngun khi ng li (POR).
B to xung thi gian(PWRT) v b to dao ng (OST).
B m xung thi gian(WDT) vi ngun dao ng trn chip ngun dao
ng (RC) hot ng ng tin cy.
C mch chng trnh bo v.
Phng thc ct gi SLEEP.
C bn la chn dao ng cng ngh CMOS FLASH/EFPROM ngun ma
thp , tc cao


Thit k hon ton tnh.
Mch chng trnh ni tip c hai chn.
X l c/ghi ti b nh chng trnh.
Di in th hot ng rng 2V n 5.5V.
Ngun s dng hin ti 2.5mA.
Cng sut tiu th: <0.6mA vi 5V, 4MHz.
20uA vi ngun 3V , 32KHz
<1uA vi ngun d phng.
- Cc t tnh ni bt ca thit b ngoi vi trn chip
Timer0: 8 bit vi b nh thi , b m vi h s t l trc.
Timer1: 16 bit vi b nh thi , b m vi h s t l trc, c kh nng
tng trong khi ch SLEEP qua xung ng h c cung cp bn
ngoi.
Timer2: 8 bit vi b nh thi , b m 8 bit vi h s t l trc , h s t l
sau.
C 2 ch bt gi , so snh, v iu ch rng xung(PWM).
Ch bt gi vi 16 bit, vi tc 12,5ns, ch so snh vi 16 bit tc
x l cc i l 200ns, ch iu ch rng xung vi 10 bit.
B chuyn i tin hiu s sang tng t vi 10 bit.
Cng truyn thng ni tip SSP v SPI phng thc ch t v I
2
C
B truyn nhn thng tin ng b, d b (USART/SCR) c kh nng hin 9
bit a ch .
Cng ph song song PSP vi 8 bit m rng vi RD , WR , CS iu k

S v chc nng cc chn Pic 16F877A















2.2 Sensor cm bin nhit DS18B20
2.2.1 Gii thiu
y l loi cm bin s ca hng Dallas ch cn kt ni vi 1 chn duy nht ca
vi iu khin l c th c c nhit . C duy nht 64 bit ni tip c lu
trong ROM. Ngun nui t 3.0V n 5.5V Di nhit o c t : -55
0
C n
125
0
C. Vi chnh xc : +/ - 0.5
0
C. Thi gian chuyn i nhit ln nht l
750nS.
Chnh v nhng l do trn m ti chn sensor ny, m bo cho h thng lm
vic 1 cch tin cy v chnh xc.




2.2.2 Phng php lp trnh vi Sensor DS18B20
i vi loi Sensor ny theo datasheet ca Dallas 18B20 chng ta c 1 th
vin m ngun m khai thc sensor ny. C bn ca n l c d liu t
ROM ca DS180B20 v lu vo PIC. Trong chng trnh ti s dng th
vin ds18020.c c chnh sa cho ph hp vi bi ton.















Chng III : Giao tip vi my tnh v LabView
3.1 Chun truyn thng ni tip RS 232
RS-232 l mt trong nhng chun truyn thng c s dng ph bin hin
nay bn cnh hai chun truyn thng khc l RS-442 v RS-485. Lc u, RS-232
c
xy dng ch yu phc v trong ghp ni im im gia hai thit b u cui
(DTE Data Terminal Equipment), chng hn nh gia hai my tnh, gia my tnh
v my in, my tnh v modem

Ngy nay, mi my tnh c nhn u c mt hoc mt vi cng ni tip theo
chun RS-232 (cng COM), c th s dng kt ni vi cc thit b ngoi vi
hoc cc my tnh khc. Nhiu thit b cng nghip cng tch hp cng RS-232
phc v cho cng vic lp trnh hoc tham s ha.
3.2 Cu to cng RS-232 (cng COM)
Cng RS-232 c ba loi gic cm khc nhau: dng 9 chn DB 9, dng 25 chn
DB 25, v dng 26 chn ALT A. Trong , hai dng DB 9 v DB 25 c
s
dng ph bin hn. Trong n ny, loi DB 9 c s dng v n kh ph bin
v
c h tr cho hu ht cc my tnh ngy nay. S chn v ngha cc chn
c


trnh by bn di.
TxD (Transmit Data): ng gi d liu
RxD (Receive Data): ng nhn d liu
RTS (Request To Send): Yu cu gi; b truyn t ng ny ln mc
hot ng khi sn sng truyn d liu.
CTS (Clear To Send): Xo gi; b nhn t ng ny ln mc hot
ng thng bo cho b truyn l n sn sng nhn d liu.

Chng trnh truyn nhn tn hiu c vit da trn phn mm LabView. My
tnh thu nhn d liu (gi tr lc theo thi gian) do ngi dng nhp vo, ri truyn
xung cho vi iu khin PIC qua chn TxD. Sau , d liu c nhn v t chn
RxD s c x l v hin th ln mn hnh ha so snh, cho thy p
ng ca h thng.
3.3 Giao tip vi vi iu khin
Khi thc hin giao tip vi vi iu khin, ta phi dng thm mch chuyn mc
logic t TTL RS232 v ngc li. Cc vi mch thng s dng l MAX232 ca
Maxim hay DS275 ca Dallas. Mch chuyn mc logic m t nh sau:



3.4. Tng quan v LabView
LabVIEW (Laboratory Virtual Instrument Engineering Workbench)- phng
th nghim thc t ng dng k thut : l mi trng pht trin da trn ngn ng
lp trnh ho. Labview s dng thut ng hc, cc biu tng, cc tng quen
thuc vi cc nh k thut, cc nh khoa hc v cc k s. LabVIEW tch hp
hon ton cho truyn thng phn cng nh GPIB, VXI, RS - 232, RS - 485, v
phch cm (plug in). LabVIEW cn c nhng th vin sn s dng nhng tiu
chun phn mm nh TCP/IP ni mng v Acti veX.
Labview l mt ngn ng lp trnh a nng, ging nh cc ngn ng lp trnh
hin i khc. Labview gm c cc th vin thu nhn d liu, mt lot cc thit b
iu khin, phn tch d liu, biu din v lu tr d liu. N cn c cc cng c
pht trin c thit k ring cho vic ni ghp v iu khin thit b.
Labvi ew kh c v i cc ngn ng lp trnh thng thng im c bn l: cc
ngn ng lp trnh khc thng dng trn c ch dng lnh, trong khi Labview
dng ngn ng lp trnh Graphical tro ra cc chng trnh dng s khi

3.5 Chng trnh giao tip vi my tnh
- Giao din chng trnh



- Code lp trnh
















CHNG IV: PHNG PHP IU KHIN
4.1 t vn
L nhit y chnh l ti bng n si t 220VAC 100W. iu khin nhit
chnh l iu khin in p xoay chiu t trn ti (bng n). Bng n l ti
thun tr nn iu khin tng i d hn so vi ti in cm hay ng c.
C nhiu phng php iu p c th iu khin theo tuyn tnh (gc m), iu
khin theo xung (ng ngt) t c nhit yu cu. C th dng 2 IC
Thysistor u ngc hoc TRIAC lm van ng m.
Vi yu cu ca ti y ti dng 1 IC TRIAC lm van ng lc, cn vic
iu khin vic m van s dng optotriac MOC3020 v PIC16F877A. Phng
php iu khin tuyn tnh (gc m).
4.2 iu p xoay chiu mt pha ti thun tr







Ti cc thi im t
1
, t
2
c xung iu khin Triac s dn. Nu b qua s st p
trn cc van bn dn th th dng in p ti c dng nh hnh v. Dng in ti
ng dng vi in p ti.
Gi tr hiu dng ca in p ti:
( )
} }
t t
u u
t
= u
t
=
2
0
2
1
2
0
2
1 d
d sin U 2
2
1
d u
2
1
U

( )
t
o
+
t
o
= u u
t
=
}
t
o
2
2 sin
1 U d sin U 2
1
U
1
2
1 d
(2.1)
o
o
U
t


Gi tr hiu dng dng in ti:

t
o
+
t
o
=
2
2 sin
1
R
U
I
1
d
(2.2)
Trong :
u = et
u
1
: gi tr tc thi ca in p li.
U
d
, I
d
: gi tr hiu dng ca in p v dng in ti.
R : Gi tr in tr ca ti.
o : gc m ca Triac
S khi mch iu khin

Trong , khu ng pha s dng khuch i thut ton:













Khu ng
pha
Vi iu
khin
Khu tnh
ton
MOC3020
U
f
TRI AC





4.3 Ngun nui
Ta cn to ngun in p +/- 5V cp cho Op-amp 741, vi iu khin v cc
IC. y ti thm ngun i +/- 12V dng khi cn thit.

5 Thut ton
in p xoay chiu 220VAC c qua bin p a vo khu ng b
(opamp 741) ly ra tn hiu hnh vung, xung ny c a vo chn ngt
RB0 ca PIC (y chnh l mch detect zero crossing), ti hm ngt ca PIC
s tnh ton thi gian delay m bo kch xung m cho MOC3020.
MOC3020 m cng chnh l lc Triac thng, thi im kch m quyt nh
Tn hiu ng b


in p ra ti. Vic iu nhit hon ton c x l di PIC 1 cch t
ng.



- Lu thut ton chung














BEGIN
NHP GI TR NHIT
T MY TNH
PIC 16F877A COMPUTER
LY GI TR NHIT T
PIC (SENSOR DS18B20)
END
RS232




- Lu thut ton x l nhit di PIC
























BEGIN
1/ LY GI TR NHIT
T T MY TNH
2/ LY GI TR NHIT
T SENSOR DS18B20
SO SNH
1 V 2
1 > ? 2
S
GIM GC M
TNG GC M


K ET LUAN
Sau mot thi gi an nghi en cvac s hng dan nhi et tnh cua thay gi ao
Nguyen Xuan Phu, etai ahoan thanh ung ti en ovaat c nhng ket
quasau :
etai c ban aap ng c yeu cau i eu khi en nhi et o
Thanh thao hn kynang vel ap trnh cho vi i eu khi en, nam vng bovi
i eu khi en PI C16F877A
Noi dung nghi en cu mang tnh khoa hoc, l am quen vi phng phap
nghi en cu khoa hoc, ap ng c gi a van el ythuyet vathc hanh.
Tao c moi trng nghi en cu cho hoc vi en.
Do thi gi an, ki nh nghi em, ki en thc con nhi eu mat han chenen san
pham cha mang tnh thc ti en cao.
Hng phat tr i en etai
Xay dng hethong i eu khi en nhi et cocanh bao, vi toc oap ng
nhanh
Nghi en cu ng dung Ethernet vamang tren vi ec i eu khi en hethong
qua mang


Xi n chan thanh cam n !










TAI LI EU THAM K HAO



[ 1] i en tcong suat LeVan Doanh
[ 2] PI C16F877A datasheet
[ 3] CCS User Manual
[ 4] www.pi cvi etnam.com
[ 5] www.di entuvi etnam.net























PH LC

1. Mch Shematic v PCB detect zero crossing
























2. Khi Ngun






3. Mch Moc3020 v TRIAC









4. Mch cm bin DS18B20










5. Mch RS232



























6. Giao din chng trnh v code





7. Code PIC
#include <16f877a.h>
#include <defs_16f877a.h>
#device *=16 adc = 8
#FUSES HS
#FUSES PUT
#FUSES NOPROTECT
#FUSES NOBROWNOUT
#FUSES NOLVP
#FUSES NOCPD
#FUSES NODEBUG
#FUSES NOWDT
#use delay (clock = 20M)
#include <ds1820.c>
#use fast_io(d)
#use rs232(baud=9600,parity=N,xmit=PIN_C6,
rcv=PIN_C7,bits = 8)
int1 flag1 = 1,flag = 0,flag2 = 0;
unsigned int8 value =170,nhietdo,pre_temperature =20;
unsigned int8 temperature;
char ch;
//-----------------DELAY ------------------------------
void delay(unsigned int8 time)
{
int8 j;


if(time > 180) time = 180;
for(j=0;j<time;j++) delay_us(50);
}
// -------------------/// -----------------------------
#INT_EXT
void RB0()
{
delay(value);
RD0 = 0;
delay_ms(1);
flag1=!flag1;
RD0 = 1;
if(!flag1) ext_int_edge(L_to_H);
else ext_int_edge(H_to_L);
clear_interrupt(INT_EXT);
}
// ------------------------------///-------------------
#INT_RDA
void RS232()
{
ch = getc();
nhietdo = (unsigned int8)ch;
flag2= 1;
}
//--------------------------------///------------------
void main()
{

set_tris_d(0);
set_tris_b(0x01);
set_tris_e(0b100);
portd = 0;
enable_interrupts(GLOBAL);
enable_interrupts(INT_RDA);
enable_interrupts(INT_EXT);
ext_int_edge(H_to_L);
printf("HIENCLUBVN.TK");
while (!flag2);// cho den khi co lenh dat nhiet do
while(1) {

temperature = (unsigned int8)ds1820_read();

if ((temperature < 20) ||(temperature > 130))
temperatre = pre_temperature ;
else {pre_temperature = temperature;
putc((char)temperature);}


// Xu Ly Nhiet do :
if(!flag)
{
value = 0;

if(temperature == nhietdo) {value = 180; flag = 1;}
}
else
{
if(temperature > nhietdo) value = 180;
else if(temperature < nhietdo)
{value--;if(value<3)value = 3;}
}
}
}