PHN LOI THEO NGHI THC T

I. Cc Ch i Mt Khc Nhau
Bi 1 (DHAn ninh - 1997).
T by ch s 0,1,2,3,4,5,6 c th thnh lp c bao nhiu s chn, mi s c nm ch s khc nhau.
HD:
4
Ch s hng n v l 0 c 1.6.5.4.3= A6 s
Ch s hng n v l 2 hoc 4 hoc 6 co 3 cch chn ch s hng n v, 5 cch chn ch s hng vn(Khc
3
0).Vy c 3.5.5.4.3 = 3.5.A5 s
4
3
Tt c c A6 + 3.5.A5 =1260 s
Bi 2 (DH Hu - 1997).
C bao nhiu s t nhin(c vit trong h m thp phn) gm nm ch s m cc ch s ln hn 4 v
i mt khc nhau? Tnh tng ca tt c cc s t nhin ni trn.
HD:
Mi mt ch s tng ng vi mt hon v ca 5 phn t 5,6,7,8,9.Vy c P5=1.2.3.4.5=120 s
S xut hin ca cc ch s 5,6,7,8,9 mi hng(n v, trm) l nh nhau nn tng cc ch s hng n
v ca 120 s nu trn l:
120
= 810
(5+6+7+8+9)
5
Suy ra tng ca 120 s l:
840(1.100+1.101+1.102+1.103+1.104)=840.11111=933240
Bi 3. (DHQG H Ni - 1997). C 100.000 chic v x s c nh s t 00.000 n 99.999. Hi s cc v
gm nm ch s khc nhau l bao nhiu?
HD:
5
Theo u bi ch s hng chc nghn cng c th bng 0. Suy ra c 10.9.8.7.6=A 10 = 30240 v gm 5 ch s
khc nhau
Bi 4. (DH Thi Nguyn). Cho cc s 1,2,5,7,8. C bao nhiu cch lp ra mt s c ba ch khc nhau t nm s
trn sao cho:
a) S to thnh l s chn.
b) S to thnh khng c ch s 7.
c) S to thnh nh hn 278.
HD:
a) C 2 cch chn hng n v nn c 2.4.3=24 s chn.
b) Ch c chn trong 4 s, vy c 4.3.2 =24 s khng c ch s 7.
2
c) Ch s hng trm l 1 hoc 2:Nu l 1th c 4.3= A4 =12 s.Nu l 2 th s to thnh ch c ng 8 s
(275,271,258,257,251,218,217,215) nh hn 278.
Bi 5. (DH Y H Ni). Cho mi ch s 0,1,2,,9. C bao nhiu s l 6 ch s khc nhau, nh hn 600000
xy dng t 10 ch s cho.
Gi:
Cc ch s hng n v(ch s u tin bn phi) c chn t cc s 1,3,5,7,9.Ch s u tin bn tri c
4
chn t cc s 1,2,3,4,5.Bn ch s gia c A8 =8.7.6.5=1680 cch chn.
Bi 6. (DH Lm nghip - 1997). Cho cc ch s 0,2,4,5,6,8,9.
1. C th lp c bao nhiu s c 3 ch s m trong mi s cc ch s khc nhau.
2. C th lp c bao s c 4 ch s khc nhau, trong nht thit c mt ch s 5
Gii:
2
1.Ch s hang trm phi khc 0 nn c 6 cch chn.Hai ch s cn li c 6.5= A6 =30 cch chn. Vy c tt c
6.30=180 cch chn.

3
2. Ch s hng nghn phi khc 0, nu l 5 th 3 ch s cn li c 6.5.4= A6 =120 cch hay c 120 s.
Nu ch s hng nghn l 2 hoc 4,5,6,8,9(5 cch chn) th trong 3 ch s cn li phi c mt s l 5(1 cch
2
chn duy nht), v hai s kia c 5.4= A5 =20 cch chn. Vy c 5.1.20=100 s. Tng cng c 120+100=220 s.
Bi 7. (CSP-TP.HCM - 1997).
Cho cc ch s 0,1,2,3,4,5. T cc ch s cho lp c bao nhiu:
1. S chn c 4 ch s khc nhau.
2. S chia ht cho 5 gm 3 ch s khc nhau.
Gii:
3
1. S chn tn cng l 0 c 5.4.3= A5 =60 s.
S chn tn cng l 2 hoc 4 th ch s hng phi khc 0, nn c 2.4. A42 = 2.4.4.3 = 96 . Vy c tt c
60+96=156 s chn.
2.S chia ht cho 5 phi c tn cng l 0 hoc 5.
2
- Nu tn cng l 0 s c 5.4 = A 5 = 20 s.
- Nu tn cng l 5 v ch s hng trm phi khc 0 nn c 4.4=16 s. Vy s cc s cn tm l 20+16=36 s.
Bi 8. (HSPVinh - 1999).
Cho 8 ch s 0.1.2,3,4,5,6,7. T 8 ch s trn c th lp c bao nhiu s, mi s gm bn ch s, i mt
khc nhau v khng chia ht cho 10.
Gii:
Gi s cn tm c dng abcd . Theo u bi a v d phi khc 0 nn a v d c 7.6 cch chn.Cn b,c c 6.5 cch
chn. Vy s cc s cn tm l 7.6.6.5=1260 s.
Bi 9 (HQGTPHCM - 2000).
1. C bao nhiu s chn gm 6 ch s khc nhau i mt trong ch s u tin l ch s l.
2. C bao nhiu s gm 6 ch s khc nhau i mt trong c ng 3 ch s chn, 3 ch s l(Ch s u
tin phi khc 0)?
Gii:
1. Ch s u tin l ch s le nn c 5 cch chn, ch s cui cng l ch s chn nn c 5 cch chn, khi 4
4
ch s ng gia c A8 = 42000 s.
3
2. T 5 ch s chn chn ra C 5 cch, cng nh vy i vi ch s l. Vi 6 ch s c P6=6! hon v, trong
s cc s
Bi 10. (HSP Vinh - 2000). Tm tt c cc s t nhin c ng 5 ch s sao cho trong mi s ch s sau
ln hn ch s ng lin trc.
Gii:
Ch s u tin bn tri phi khc 0, v n nh nht nn ch xt t 1 n 9. R rng cc ch s phi khc nhau
5
nn ly 5 ch s bt k s to nn mt s( Theo th t tng dn). Vy cc s t nhin cn tm l: C 9 = 126
Bi 11. (Vin H M HN - 2000)
Cho 4 ch s 1,2,3,4
a) C th lp c bao nhiu s hng nghn gm 4 ch s khc nhau t 4 ch s .
b) Tnh tng cc ch s tm c cu a)
Gii:
a) C P4=4.3.2.1 = 24 s
b) Nhn thy 24 s cu a) gm 12 cp s m tng mi cp l 5555( Chng hn 1234v 4321). Vy tng phi
tm l 12.5555 = 66660
Bi 12. (Hc vin quc t - 2001).
T cc ch s 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 7, 8, 9 thit lp tt c cc s c chn ch s khc nhau.Hi trong cc s c bao
nhiu s m ch s 9 ng v tr chnh gia.
Gii:

S hon v ca 9 phn t l 9!. S 9 l bnh ng nh cc ch s khc nn cc s c 9 v tr8 chnh gia l

9!
= 8! = 40320
9
Bi 13. (H Quc gia TPHCM - 2001).
C bao nhiu s t nhin gm 6 ch s i mt khc nhau(ch s u tin khc 0) trong c mt ch s 0
nhng khng c mt ch s 1.
Gii:
5
Khi ch s o hng n v, 5 ch s cn li c chn t 8 ch s 2,3,4,5,6,7,8 c A8 = 8.7.6.5.4 = 6720
5
cch chn. Ch s 0 c th 5 v tr(V ch s u tin khc 0)nn c 5. A8 = 33600 s tho mn u bi.
Bi 14. (H s phm 2 - 2001).
Tnh tng cc s t nhin gm 5 ch s khc nhau i mt c thnh lp t 6 ch s1,3,4,5,7,8.
Gii:
5
Mi s ng vi chnh hp chp 5 ca 6 phn t cho. Vy c A6 = 720 s.
Mi mt trong cc ch s cho c s ln xut hin hng n v l nh nhau v l

720
= 120 . Suy ra tng
6

cc ch s hng n v ca 120 s ang xt l 120(1 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 7 + 8) = 3360.

cng l tng cc ch s hng trc, trm, nghn,nn tng ca 720 s ang xt l
3360(1+10+102+103+104+105) = 3360.(11111) = 37332960.
Bi 15. (H Ngoi thng c s hai- TPHCM - 2001).
T cc ch s 1,2,3,4,5,6 thit lp tt c cc s c su ch s khc nhau. Hi trong cc s thit lp c c bao
nhiu s m hai ch s 1 v 6 khng ng cnh nhau.
Gii:
V c 6 v tr nn s 6 nn nu s 1 ng trc th c 5 trng hp s 6 ng ngay sau. Cng c 5 trng hp
s 1 ng ngay sau s 6. Trong mi trng hp, bn v tr cn li c 4.3.2.1 = p4 cch chn. Vy c (5+5).
P4 = 240 s m 6 v 1 ng cnh nhau. C tt c p6 = 6! = 720 s co9s 6 ch s. Suy ra s cc s tha mn u
bi l 720 - 240 = 480.
II) Cc ch s c th trng nhau
Bi 16 (H Quc gia TPHCM - 1998).
Xt dy s gm 7 ch s (mi s c chn t cc ch s 0, 1, 2,., 8, 9) tho mn cc tnh cht sau:
- Ch s v tr th 3 l s chn.
- Ch s v tr cui cng khng chia ht cho 5.
- Cc ch s v tr th 4, th 5 v th 6 i mt khc nhau.
Hi c tt c bao nhiu s t nhin nh vy(c gii thch)?
Gii:
Xt dy s (a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7) tha mn yu cu ca bi.
V a3 chn nn c 5 cch chn (0, 2, 4, 6, 8)
V a7 khng chia ht cho 5 nn c 8 cch chn(tr 0,5)
V a4, a5, a6 i mt khc nhau nn c A130 cch chn
V a1, a2 ty nn mi s c 10 cch chn
Vy c 5.8. A103 .10.10=2880000 dy s tha mn u bi.
Bi 17. (HSP VINH - 1998).
Vit cc s c su ch s bng cc ch s 1, 2, 3, 4, 5( mt ch s xut hin hai ln, cac ch so con
lai xuat hien mot lan). Co bao nhieu cach viet.
Gii:

Gi s ch s 1 c vit hai ln, ta c C 62 =

6.5
cch chn v tr vit. Bn v tr cn li c vit t cc
1.2

ch s 2,3,4,5 c p4 cch vit. Vy c C 62 .P4 cch vit c hai ch s 1. V vai tr 5 ch s 1,2,3,4,5 l nh

nhau nn c 5.C 62 . p 4 = 1800 cch vit.
Bai 18. (H Xay dng - 1998).
Co bao nhieu so t nhien khac nhau, nho hn 10000 tao thanh 5 ch so 0, 1,
2, 3, 4.
Gii:
S c 1 ch s: C 5 s (0, 1, 2, 3, 4).
S c 2 ch s(dng ab ): S c hng chc khc 0 c 4.5 = 20 s.
S c 3 ch s(dng abc ):S c hng trm khc 0 c 4.5.5 = 100 s.
S c 4 ch s(dng abcd ): S c hng nghn khc 0 c 4.5.5.5 = 500 s.
Khng th c s c hn 4 ch s nh hn 10000. Vy c 5 + 20 + 100 + 500 = 625 s.
Bai 19. (H S pham Vinh - 2000).
Co bao nhieu t nhien khac nhau gom 7 ch so sao cho tong cac ch so ca
mi s la mt so chan.
Gii:
Ch s u tin bn tri khc 0 nn c 9 cch chn, xt 5 ch s tip theo mi s c 10 cch chn, ring ch s
hng n v cng c 10 cch chn nhng ch c 5 cch tha mn iu kin ca bi.
Vy c: 9.105.5 = 4500000 s.
Bai 20. (H S pham Ha Noi 2 - 2000).
Co the lap c bao nhieu ch so gom 8 ch so t cac ch so 1,2,3,4,5,6
trong o ch so 1 va 6 eu co mat hai lan con cac ch so khac xuat
hien mot lan.
Gii:
S hon v ca 8 phn t l P8 = 8! tc l c 8! s nhng trong c cc s trng nhau v khi b i ch 2 ch s
1 th ch l mt s, i ch 2 ch s 6 cng vy. Vy c

1 1
. .8! =10080
2 2

s.

Bai 21. (H Thai nguyen - 2000).

Co bao nhieu so gom 5 ch so sao cho tong cac ch so cua moi so la s
le.
Gii (tng t bi 19)
Ch s u tin bn tri khc 0 nn c 9 cch chn, cc ch s cn li u c 10 cch chn, ring ch s hng
n v ch c 5 trong 10 cch chon cho tng cc ch s ca mi s l mt s l. Vy c 9.10.10.10.5
Bai 22. (H Thai Nguyen - 2000).
T ba ch so 1,2,3 co the tao ra c bao nhieu ch so gom 5 ch so,
trong o mat u ba ch so tren?
Bai 23. (H Hue - 2001).
Co bao nhieu so t nhien gom 4 ch so sao cho khong co ch so nao lap
lai ung ba lan.
Bai 24. (H Quoc gia TPHCM - 2001).
Co bao nhieu so t nhien gom 7 ch so (ch so au tien khac 0), biet
rang ch so 2 co mat ung hai lan, ch so 3co mat ung ba lan va cac
ch so con lai co mat khong qua 1 lan.
III. BAI TOAN CHON
Bai 25.( H S pham Quy Nhn - 1997).
Cho hai ng thang song song d1 va d2. Tren d1 lay 17 iem phan biet, tren
d2 lay 20 iem phan biet.
4

Tnh so tam giac co cac nh la 3 iem trong so 37 iem a chon tren d1

va d2.
Giai:
Gia s 37 im cho khng c ba im no thng hng
S tam gic to c l C 3 . Nhng qua 17im trn d1 khng
37
3

to c tam gic noli k l C 37 tam gic, 20 im trn

d cng
2

coi l to c C 20 tam gic. Vy s tam gic thc s c dc l:

1
.(37.36.35 20.19.18 17.16.150) = 5950
2.3
Bi 26. (HThi Nguyn - 1997).
Mt lp hc c 40 hc sinh gm 25 nam v 15 n. Cn chn mt nhm gm 3 hc sinh. Hi c bao nhiu cch:
a) Chn 3 hc sinh bt k
b) Chn 3 hc sinh gm 1 nam v 2 n
c) Chn 3 hc sinh trong c t nht 1 nam
Gii:
a) Mi cch chn mt nhm gm 3 hc sinh bt k l mt t hp chp 3 ca 40, vy c
40.39.38
3
A40
=
= 9880 cch chn
1.2.3
15.14
2
= 105 cach chon 2 n. Theo quy tac nhan co
b) C C125 cch chn 1 nam va C 15 =
1.2
25.105= 2625 cach chon
15.14.13
3
= 455 cach chon 3 hoc sinh.Theo cau a)co 9800 cach chon 3 hoc
c) co C 15 =
1.2.3
sinh bat k. Suy ra so cach chonc t nhat 1 hoc sinh nam la:
9800 455 = 9425
Bai 27. (Hoc vien khoa hoc quan s - 1997).
Co10 cau hoi gom 4 cau ly thuyet va 6 cau bai tap e cau tao thanh
mot e thi gom 3 cau co ca ly thuyet va bai tap. Hoi co bao nhieu kha
nang cau tao e thi.
Giai:
2
Chon e thi co 1 cau ly thuyet va 2 cau bai tap c14 c6 =4.15=16 cach
Chon e thi cho hai cau ly thuyet va hai cau bai tapco
2
1
c 4 c 6 = 6 + 6 = 12 cach
vay co 16+12=28 cach
Bai 28. (H Kien truc Ha Noi -1998).
Mot oi xay dng gom 10 cong nhan 3 ky s. e lap mot to cong tac
can chon mot ky s lam to trng mot cong nhan lam to pho va 5 cong
nhan to vien.Hoi co bao nhieu cach thanh lap to cong tac.
Giai:
1
CO 3 = c 3 cach chon mot ky s lam to trng10 = C110 cach chon1 cong nhan
lam to pho.Vi moi cach chon to trng to pho co C59 cach chon 5 nhan
to vien. Vay co:
3

37

20

17

C C C

3.10.C 9 = 3.10.

9.8.7.6.5
= 3780
cach lap to cong tac.
1.2.3.4.5

Bai 29. (H Quoc gia TP.HCM - 1998).

Mot a giac loi n canh th co bao nhieu ng cheo?
Giai:
V la a giac nen khong co 3 nh nao thang hang. Qua n nh o ke c
C2n ng thang ke c Cn2 ng thang phan biet cha cac canh va
ng cheo. Do co n canh nen so ng cheo la:
n. ( n 1)
n. ( n 3)
2
Cn n = 2 n = 2
Bai 30. (H Hue - 1999).
Mot hop ng 4 vien bi o, 5 vien bi trang va 6 vien bi vang. Chon ra 4 vien
t hop o. Hoi co bao nhieu cach chon e so bi lay ra khong co u 3
mau.
Giai:
Xet kha nang co u 3 mau:
4.3
2
2
1
.5.6 = 180 cach
Co 2 o, 1 trang,1 vang: C 4.C 5.C 6 =
1.2
5.6
1
2
1
.6 = 240 cach
Co 1 o 2 trang 1vang: C 4.C 5.C 6 = 4.
1.2
6.5
1
1
2
= 300 cach
Co o 1trang 2 vang: C 4.C 5.C 6 = 4.5.
1.2
4
V co C 15 = 1365 cach chon 4 vien bat ky trong hop nen cach chon e lay ra 4
vien khong u 3 mau la:
1365 - (180 + 240 + 300) = 645
Bai 31. (H canh sat nhan dan - 1999).
Cho tam giac ABC. Xet tap hp 4 ng thang song song vi AB, 5 ng
thang song song vi BC va 6 ng thang song song vi CA. Hoi cac ng
thang nay tao c bao nhieu tam giac va bao nhieu hnh thang (khong ke
hnh binh hanh).
Giai:
Mot tam giac c tao bi 3 ng thang thuoc 3 ho khac nhau. Vay co:
1
1
1
4 5 6 = c4 c5 c6 = 120
Mot hnh thang c tao bi 2 ng cua cung mot ho, 2ng kn thuoc
2ho con lai, vay co
2 1 1
1
2
1 1
2
c4c5c6 + c4 c5 + c4c5 c6 = 720 hnh thang

Bai 32. (HS pham Ha noi 2 - 1999).

Mot trng tieu hoc co 50 hoc sinh at danh hieu chau ngoan Bac Ho (trong
o co 4 cap anh em sinh oi). Can chon mot nhom 3 hoc sinh trong so 50 hoc
sinh tren i d ai hoi chau ngoan Bac Ho, sao cho trong nhom khong co cap
anh em sinh oi nao. Hoi co bao nhieu cach chon?
Giai:
e chon 3 hoc sinh bat ky trong 50 hoc sinh co:
50 49 48
3
C50
=
cach
1 2 3
6

Co 48 cach chon 1 hoc sinh e ghep cung hai anh em sinh oi Ava A e
tao nen nhom 3 hoc sinh trong o co A, A. Suy ra so nhom 3 ngi co 2 anh
em sinh oi nao o la 48 4 = 192. Vay so nhom 3 ngi khong co cap sinh
3
oi nao la c50 192 = 19408.
Bai 33. (H S pham vinh - 1999).
Mot to sinh vien co20 em, trong o ch co 8 em biet tieng Anh, 7 em ch biet
tieng Phap va 5 em ch biet tieng c. Can lap mot nhom i thc te gom
3 em biet tieng Anh, 4 em biet tieng Phap va 2 em biet tieng c. Hoi co
bao nhieu cach lap nhom i thc te to sinh vien ay.
Ket qua
8 7 6 7 6 5 4 5 4
3
4
4
2
.
.
= 19600 cach.
Co C8 C7 C7 C5 =
1 2 3 1 2 3 4 1 2
Bai 34. (Hoc vien k thuat quan s - 2000).
Mot on canh sat khu vc co 9 ngi. Trong ngay can c 3 ngi lam
nhiem vu a phng A, 2 ngi a iem B, con 4 ngi thng trc tai
on. Hoi co bao nhieu cach phan cong.
Giai:
3
C 3 ngi lam nhiem vu a A co C9 cach. So ngi con lai la 4
9.8.7 6.5
3
2
.
= 1260 cach.
se thng trc on. Vay co C9 .C6 =
1.2.3 1.2
Bai 35. (H Hue - 2000).
Mot lp hoc co 30 hoc sinh nam va 15 hoc sinh n. Co 6 hoc sinh c chon
e lap mot top ca. Hoi co bao nhieu cach chon khac nhau:
1. Neu phai co t nhat 2 n ?
2. Neu chon tuy y ?
Giai:
45.44.43.42.41.40
6
= 8145060 cach.
2. Neu chon tuy y co C45 =
1.2.3.4.5.6
6
1.Chon 6 hoc sinh trong o co ung 1 n:15. C30 cach.
Suy ra chon 6 hoc sinh trong o co t nhat 2 n co
6
6
5
C45
(C30
+ 15.C30
) = 8145060 2731365 = 5413695 cach.
Bai 36. ( H Thai Nguyen - 2000 )
Mot oi van nghe co 20 ngi gom 10 nam va 10 n. Hoi co bao nhieu
cach chon ra 5 ngi sao cho:
a)co ung 2 nam trong 5 ngi o.
b)co t nhat 2 nam va t nhat 1 n trong 5ngi o.
Giai:
2
3
a)chon 2namva 3 n se co C10.C10 = 5400 cach.
b)chon 3 nam va 2 na se co C10.C10 = 5400 cach.
3

4
1
chon 4 nam va 1 ne co C10.C10 = 2100 cach.
vay muon chon 5 ngi:co t nhat 2 namva t nhat 1n (tc la co 2 hoac 3
hoac 4 nam) co:
5400 + 4500 +2100 = 12900 cach.
Bai 37: ( H Can Th - 2000 ).
Co 9 vien bi xanh, 5vien bi o, 4vien bi vang co kch thc khac nhau.
7

a) Co bao nhieu cach chon ra 6 vien bi, trong o co ung 2vien bi o.

b) co bao nhieu cach chon ra 6 vien bi,trong o so bi xanh bang so bi o.
Giai:
2
a) Chon 2 bi o C5 cach, chon 4 bi trong so 9 + 4 = 13 vien bi xanh hoac
4

vang co: C13 cach.

5.4 13.12.11.10
2
4
.
= 7150 cach
Vay co C5 .C13 =
1.2 1.2.3.4
b) Chon 3trong 9 bi xanh,3 trong 5 bi o co:
9.8.7 5.4.3
.
= 840 cach.
1.2.3 1.2.3
Bai 38. (H Quoc gia TP.HCM - 2000).
Thay giao co 12 cuon sach oi mot khac nhau gom 5 cuon van hoc, 4
cuon am nhac va 3 cuon hoi hoa. Ong lay ra
6 cuon e tang 6 hoc sinh A, B,C, D,E ,F moi em 1 cuon.
1.Co bao nhieu cach neu thay ch muon sach van hoc va am nhac.
2.Co bao nhieu ccach e sau khi tang, thay van con t nhat 1cuon van
hoc, t nhat 1 cuon am nhac va t nhat 1cuon hoi hoa.
Giai:
1. 6 hoc sinh c nhan 6trong 9 cuon sach (van hoc va am nhac ),vay
co 9.8.7.6.5.4 = 60480 cach.
2. thay d lai moi the loai 1cuon,6 hoc sinh c nhan 6 cuon t 9 cuon,
vay co 9.8.7.6.5.4 = 60580 cach.
Bai 39. ( Hoc vien K thuat quan s - 2001).
Trong so 16 hoc sinh co 3 hoc sinh gioi, 5kha, 8trung bnh.Co bao nhieu cach
chia 16 hoc sinh o thanh 2 to, moi to8 ngi sao cho moi to eu cohc sinh
gioi va moi to co t nhat hai hoc sinh kha.
Giai:
* Can tm so cach chon 8 hoc sinh co 1hoac 2 gioi,2hoac 3kha, con lai la
trung bnh(t3 3 gioi, 5kha, 8 trung bnh):
1
2
5
* 1 gioi, 2kha, 5trung bnh: C3.C5 .C8 = 3.10.56 = 1680 cach.
C93.C53 =

1
3
4
* 1 gioi, 3kha, 4trung bnh: C3.C5 .C8 = 3.10.7 = 2100 cach.
2
2
4
* 2gioi, 2kha, 4trung bnh: C3 .C5 .C8 = 3.10.7 = 2100cach.
2
3
3
* 2gioi, 3kha, 3trung bnh: C3 .C5 .C8 = 3.10.56 = 1680 cach.
Vay co ( 1680 + 2100 ). 2 =7560 cach.
Bai 40. (H Ngoi thng- 2001). Trn mt phng c hnh 10 cnh li A1. A2...A10 . Xt cc tam gic c 3
c ba nh ca n l 3 nh ca hnh 10 cnh li. Hi trong s tam gic c bao nhiu tam gic m c 3 cnh
ca n u khng phi l cnh ca hnh 10 cnh li.
Gii:
10.9.8
3
=
= 120 tam gic. Trong c 10.6 = 60 tam gic cha ng mt cnhca hnh 10 cnh
*C tt c C10
1.2.3
( 6 tam gic cha cnh A1A2 ,...,6 tam gic cmh A10 A1 ) v 10 tam gic cha ng 2cnh ca hnh 10 cnh. Vy
c 120 60 10=50 tam gic tho mn u bi.
Bi 41. (Hc vin k thut qun s - 1998) C n hc sinh nam v n hc sinh n ngi xung quanh mt bn trn.
hi c bao nhiu cch sp xp khng c 2 hc sinh cng gii ngi cnhh nhau.
Gii:
8

* nh s cc gh t 1 ti 2n. Nu nam ngi gh l, n ghi gh chn s c Pn = n ! cch xp cho nam, Pn cch

xp cho n, vy c (n!)2 cch xp. i li nam ngi ng chn, n ngi ng l cng c (n!)2 cch sp xp. Tng
cng c cch xp.
Bi 42. (H Cn Th - 1999). Xp ch ngi cho 10 hc sinh gm 5 nam v 5 n vo 2 bn, mi bn c 5 gh.
Hi c bao nhiu cch sp xp ch ngi, nu:
1. Cc hc sinh ngi tuy .
2. Cc hc sinh nam ngi 1mt bn.
Gii:
* 1. C P10 = 10! cch xp hc sinh ngi tuy .
2. C P5 = 5! cch xp 5 hc sinh nam vo bn A,5 ! cch xp nm hc sinh n vo bn B c (5!)2 cch xp.
Nu nam ngi bn B, n ngi bn A cng c (5!)2 cch xp.
Vy c 2.(5!)2 = 28800 cch xp.
Bi 43. (H Hng hi TPHCM - 1999). C bao nhiu cch xp nm hc sinh A, B,C,D, E vo mt gh di sao
cho:
a) C ngi chnh gia.
b) A v E ngi hai u ng.
Gii
a) C ngi chnh gia, 4 ngi cn li i ch cho nhau nn c P4 = 4! = 4.3.2.1= 24 cch xp.
b)A v E c 2 cch ngi hai u gh, 3 ngi cn li i ch cho nhau, vy c 2.P3 = 2.(1.2.3) = 12 cch.
Nu yu cu tho mn cng lc hai iu kin a) v b) th c 1.2.2 =4 cch
Bi 44. (H Lut H Ni - 1999). Mt on tu c ba toa ch khch l toa I, toa II, toa III. Trn sn ga c bn
hnh khch chun b i tu. Bit rng mi toa t nht c 4 ch trng
a) C bao nhiu cch sp xp cho 4 v khch ln 3 toa tu .
b) C bao nhiu cch sp xp cho 4 v khch ln tu c 1 toa c 3 trong 4 v khch ni trn.
Gii:
* a) C 3 khch ln toa I, c 1 cch.
C 3 khch ln toa I, khch th 4 ln toa II hoc III, c C 43 cch.
C 2 khch ln toa I, C 42 cch, 2 cch cn li c 4 cch chn (cng ln 1 toa II hoc III, mi ngi ln 1 toa II
2
hoc III ) vy c 4. C4 cch.
V c 4 khch ln 3 toa tau nn t nht c 1 toa c 2 khch tr ln. Gi s l toa I. Lp lun trn cho thy c
(1+ C43 + C42 ).3 = 99 cch (do vai tr cc toa nh nhau ).
Bi 45.( H Cn Th - 2001 ). Mt nhm gm 10 hc sinh: 7 nam v 3 n. C bao nhiu cch sp xp 10 hc
sinh trn thnh mt hnh dc sao cho 7 hc sinh nam ng lin nhau.
Gii:
* nh s cc v tr t 1 n 10. C 4 bn trng hp cc hc sinh nam ng lin nhau ( t 1 n 7, t 2 n 8,
t 3 n 9, t 4 n 10). Trong mi trng hp, 3 n sinh c 3! cch hon v, 7 nam sinh c 7! Cch hon v.
Vy c 4.3!.7! =120960 cch sp xp.
Bi 46. ( Hc vin k thut qun s - 1997 ). a thc P (x) = (1+ x) + 2(1+ x)2 + 3(1+ x)3 + ... + 20(1+ x)20 c
2+
20
vit li di dng P (x) = a0 + a1. x + a2. x ... + n20 .x .Tm a15 .
Gii:
* H s ca x15 l
15
15
15
15
15
n15 = 15 .C15
+ 16 .C16
+17 .C17
+18 .C18
+19 .C1920 + 20 .C 20
1
4
5
= 15 .C150 +16 .C16
+17 .C172 +18 .C183 +19 19
+ 20 .C 20

= 16 +16 .16 +17 .

17 .16
18 .17 .16
19 .18 .17 .16
20 .19 .18 .17 .16
+18
+19
+ 20
= 400995 .
1.2
1.2.3
1.2.3.4
1.2.3.4.5

1
Bi 47. ( HKinh t quc dn - 1997 ).Tm s hnh khng cha x trong khai trin Niutn ca (x + )12 .
x
Gii:
3
15
k
15 k
+ ... = ... + C15k .x 2 k +15 . y 15 k + ... theo gi thuyt th
Theo khai trin Niutn. ( x + xy ) = ... + C15 .( xy )
25= 2k + 15, 10 = 15 k

k =5 h s ca

5
x 25 .y 10 l C15 =

15!
= 3003 .
5!10!

Bi 48. (H S phm H Ni - 2000). Bit tng cc h s ca khai trin nh thc (x2 + 1)n bng 1024,hy tm h
s a (a l s t nhin ) ca h hng ax 12 trong khai trin .
Gii
n

2
n
k 2k
(x + 1) = Cn .x . Thay x=1 c 1024 =
k= 0

k
n

6
= n = C10
= 210 .

k.o

Bi 49. (H S phm H Ni - 2000). Trong khai trin nh thc ( x.3 x + x 28 / 15 ) n

n
n1
n 2
hy tm s hng khng ph thuc x, bit rng Cn + Cn + Cn = 79(1) .
Gii
K: n-2 0 n 2.
n.(n 1)
= 79 n = 12, loi n= -13 <2. C
(1) 1+ n +
2
( x.3 x + x 28 / 15 )12 = ... + C12k .( x 4 / 3 ) k .( x 18 / 15 )12 k + ... = 4C12k .x 48.k / 15 112 / 5 + ...
48k 112

= 0 k = 7
S khng ph thuc x
15
5
7
= 792 .
S khng ph thuc x l C12
Bi 50. (Hc vin k thut qun s - 2000). Khai trin a thc P (x) = (1+ 2x)12 thng dng
a0 + a1x1 + a2 x2 + ... + a12. x12 . Tm max (a1 .a 2 ..., a12 )
Gii
12
12!2k
12!2k+1
23
k
P (x) = (1+ 2x)12 = ak .xk trong ak = C12
.2k . Gi s a1 < ak.1 <>
<
<> k <
.
k!(12 k)! (k + 1)!(11 k)
3
k= 0
Suy ra a0 < a1 < a2 < ... < a7 < a8 > a9 > a10 > a11 > a12 .
V a 7 =

12!2 2 12!2 8
1 2
<
= a8 < . Vy max ( a1 , a 2 ,..., a12 ) = a8 = 126720
7!5!
8!4!
5 8

Bi 51. ( H Thy li - 2000). cho a thc P (x) = (1+ x)9 + (1+ x)10 + ... + (1+ x)14 c dng khai trin l
P (x) = a0 + a1.x + a2.x2 + ... + a14 .x14 .tnh h s a 9
Gii:
n
0
1
2
9
9
9
n
n
Ta c (1 + x ) = C n + C n .x + ... + C n + ... + C n .x + ... + C n .x .
T suy ra
a9 = C 99 + C109 + C119 + C129 + C139 + C149 = 3003

1 2 10
Bi 52. (H S phm H Ni - 2001). Trong khai trin ca + x) thnh a thc
3 3
2
10
a0 + a1.x + a2 .x . + ... + a10 .x ,(ak R), hy tm h s a k ln nht (0 k 10) .
Gii
10

( + x )
1
3

2
3

10

10

k1
k
k
= C10
(31 10
) k (32k) .x.k Gi s ak1 ak C10k1. 210 C10k 210 k 22 .Vy maxa k =a 7 =

k.0

7
C10
.27
.
310
Bi 53. (H Bch khoa H Ni - 1998). Vit khai trin Niutn ca biu thc (3x 1)16. T chng minh rng
0
1
2
16
316.C16
315.C16
+ 314.C16
... + C16
= 216.
Gii
16
15
14
(3x 161) ={3x+(-1)}
C0 .(316x=16 ) 1C .(316
x ) .(16+ 1 1) 2C .(314.(
x ) 1).( 2 1)316 . ...
+ 16C 3.(30x ) . 16 3 16 . 0 C.+ 16 15.63+Cho
.1 C x=1
. x16 s
... 2 C 14 x16
16
16
c ng thc phi chng minh.
Bi 54. ( H Y dc TP. HCM - 2000). Vi n l cc s nguyn dng chng minh h thc sau:
0
1
2
n
n
a Cn + Cn + Cn + ... + Cn = 2
x16

1
3
5
2 n1
0
2
4+
2n
b C2n + C2n + C2n + ... + C2n = C2n + C2n + C2n ... + C2n
Gii
n
0
1
2 2
n n
a theo khai trin Niutn (1+ x) = Cn + Cn.x + Cn .x + ... + Cn .x . Thay x=1 c
2n = Cn0 + Cn1 + Cn2 + ... + Cnn , pcm.
2n
0
1
2
2
2n 2n
b Cng theo khai trin Niutn (1+ x) = C2n + C2n .x + C2n .x + ... + C2n .x .
0
1
2
3
2n
2n
Thay x = -1 c 0 = C2n C2n + C2n C2n + ... + C2n .(1) .

C21n + C23n 2n + ..C22nn1 = C20n + C22n + ... + C22nn . pcm.

Bi 55. ( H Hng c - 2000). Cho k1n l cc s t nhin v 5 k n. Chng minh
C50.Cnk + C51.Cnk1 + ...C55 .C5k5 = Cnk+5
Gii
5
0
1
2 2
3 3
4 4
5 5
5
n
5+ n
thy rng (1+ x) .(1+ x) = (1+ x) , v: M = (1+ x) = C5 + C5.x + C5 .x + C5 .x + C5 .x + C5 .x .
N = (1+ x)n = Cn0 + Cn1.x + Cn2 .x2 + ...Ckk .xk + ... + Cnn .xn .
P = (1+ x)5+ n = C51+ n + C52+ n.x + ... + C5k+ n .xk + ... + C55++nn .x5+ n .
k
Nhn thy C5+ n l h s ca xk trong P. V P =M.N m s hng cha xk trong M.N l
C5n.Cnk .xk + C51.xC
. nk1.xk1 + ... + C55 .x5 .Cnk5 .xk5 nn C5k+ n = C50.Cnk + C51.Cnk1 + ... + C55 .Cnk5 ( pcm).
Bi 56. (H S phm Vinh - 2001). CMR
0
2
4
2000
C2001
+ 32.C2001
+ 34.C2001
+ ... + 32000.C2001
= 22000 .(22001 1)(1)
Gii
2001
2 2001 = (3 +1) 2001 + (3 +1) 2001 do t hai khai trin Niutn l:
2. VP (1) = 4
0
1
2
2001 2001
(x + 1)2001 = C2001
+ C2001
.x + C2001
+ ... + C2001
.x (2)
0
1
2
2001 2001
( x + 1)2001 = C2001
C2001
.x + C2001
.x2 + ... + C2001
.x (3) . Cng li ri thay x = 3 s c (1).
Bi 57. (H Hng Hi - 2001). CMR
C20n + C22n .32 + C24n .34 + ... + C22nn.32n = 22n1.(22n + 1)(1)
Gii
2n
0
1
2
2
2n 2n
Theo khai trin Niutn (1+ x) = C2n + C2n .x + C2n .x + ... + C2n .x
2n
0
1
2
2
2n 2n
ta c (1+ 3) = C2n + C2n.3+ C2n .3 + ... + C2n .3 (3)
2n
2n
0
2
2
4
4
2n 2n
(2)+(3): 4 + 2 = 2.(C2n + C2n.3 + C2n .3 + ... + C2n .3 ) (1).

11

n
Bi 58. (H Lt - 2001). CMR vi mi s x: x =

1 n k
. Cn .(2x 1)k , vi n l s t nhin.
2n k= 0

Gii
( X2+1)n =
t X = 2x - 1 th phi chng minh

1
2n

. C.Xk (1)
k= 0

(1) (X + 1)n = Cnk .Xk (2)

k= 0

(2) Chnh l cng thc khai trin Niutn. Vy suy ra pcm.

Bi 59. (H Kinh t quc dn - 2000). Chng minh rng
2n1.Cn1 + 2n1.Cn2 + 3.2n3.Cn3 + ... + nC
. nn = n.3n1 (1)
Gii
n
0
1
2 2
n n
C (1+ x) = Cn + Cn.x + Cn .x + ... + Cn .x . o hm hai
n.(1+ x)n1 = 0 + Cn1 + 2xC
. n2 + ...n.xn1.Cnn (2)
Thayx = 12 : n( 32 )

n1

= Cn1 + Cn2 + 232 .Cn3 + 243 .Cn4 + ... + 2nn1 .Cnn

n.3n1 : Cn1 + 2n1.Cn2 + 3.2n3.Cn3 + ... + nC

. nn
(pcm).
n

Ghi nh: V tri ca (1) c dng

k.2

n k

k=1

.Cnk nn cn xt o hm ca (1+x) n .So snh (1) v(2) x bit cn

thay x bng my
Bi 60. ( H Ti chnh k ton H Ni - 2000). Chng minh rng vi mi s t nhin n:
Cn1 + 2.Cn2 + 3.Cn3 + ... + nC
. nn = n.2n1
Gii
n
o
1
2 2
n n
C (1+ x) = Cn + Cn.x + Cn .x + ... + Cn .x . o hm hai v
n(1+ x)n1 = 0 + Cn1 + 2xC
. n2 + ... + n.xn1 .Cnn .
Thay x = 1 c ng thc phi chng minh.
1

2 n
Bi 61. (H Ti chnh k ton TP. HCM - 1995). Tnh I = (1 x ) .dx(n l s nguyn dng ).T kt qu
0

chng t rng: I

Cn1
3

Cn2
5

Cn3
7

+ ... +

(1)n .Cnn
2n+1

2.4.6...(2n2).2n
1.3.5...(2n+1)

Gii
t x=sinx I =

x/ 2

x/2

(1 sin t) .cost.dt= cos

2

2n+1

I=

2.4.6...(2n2).2n
1.3.5...(2n+1)

t.dt. S dng phng php truy hi s c

(1)
5

Theo khai trin Nutn th: (1 x2 )n = 1 Cn1.x2 + Cn2 .x4 Cn3 .x + ... + (1)n .Cnn .x2n . Ly tch phn hai v, c:
2n+1

I = [x- 13 .Cn1.x3 + 15 .Cn2 .x5 ... + (1)n.Cnn. 2xn+1 ]10

C1

C2

(1)n .C n

= 1 3n + 5n ... + 2n+1 n (2)

T (1), (2) c pcm.
Bi 62. (H Bch khao H Ni - 1997 ). Gi n l s nguyn dng bt k.

12

2 n
a) Tnh J = x.(1 x ) .dx
0
0
n

C Cn1 Cn2 Cn3

(1)n.Cnn
1

+
...
+
=
b) CMR:
2 4 6 8
2n + 2
2(n + 1)
Gii
1
1
1
2 n
2
(1)
a J = (1 x ) .d(1 x ) =
20
2(n + 1)
b Theo khai trin Niutn
(1+ x)n = Cn0 + Cn1.x + Cn2 .x2 + ... + Cnn .xn
taco :(1 x2 )n = Cn0 + Cn1.( x2 ) + Cn2 .( x2 )2 + ... + Cnn .( x2 )n
x.(1 x2 )n = xC
. n0 x3.Cn1 + x6 .Cn2 + ... + (1)n .x2n 1 .Cnn
1

x2
x4
x6
(1)n.x2 n+2 n
I = x.(1 x ) , dx = .Cn0 .C1n + .Cn2 + ... +
.Cn
4
6
2n + 2
2
0
0
1

2 n

Cn0 Cn1 Cn2 Cn3

(1)n.Cnn
=

+ ... +
(2)
2 4 6 8
2n + 2
T(1),(2) pcm.
Bi 63. (H Kin trc H Ni - 1999). CMR vi mi n nguyn dng c
1
1
1
2n+1 1
Cn0 + .Cn1 + .Cn2 + ... +
.Cnn =
(1)
2
3
n+ 1
n+ 1
Gii
1
1
1
VT (1) = (Cn0.x + .Cn1.x2 + .Cn2 .x4 + ... +
.Cnn.xn+1 ) 10
2
3
n+ 1

1
1
v`iF (x) 0 = f (x).dx,
0

(C

0
n

+ Cn1.x + Cn2 + ... + Cnn.xn )dx =

trong f(x) l o hm ca F (x) nn VT(1)= 1

n
(1+ x) .dx = (1+ x) .d(1+ x) =
n

(1+ x)n+1
n+ 1

1
0

2n+1 1
n + 1=

=VP(1)(pcm).
Bi 64. (HDL Phng ng - 1996). Chng minh rng vi mi k,n Z tha mn 3 k n, ta u c:
Cnk + 3.Cnk1 + 3.Cnk 2 + 3.Cnk3 = Cnk+3
Gii:
m
m
m
p dng lin tip cng thc Cn = Cn1 + Cn1 tch mt s hng thnh hai s hng s c:
Cnk+3 = Cnk+ 2 + Cnk+21
= (Cnk+1 + Cnk+11) + (Cnk+11 + Cnk+12 )
(Cnk + Cnk1) + (Cnk1 + Cnk2 ) + (Cnk1 + Cnk2 )(Cnk2 + Cnk3 )
(pcm)
Bi 65. (Hc vin Cng ngh bu chnh vin thng - 1998). Tm cc s nguyn, dng x,y tha mn:
Cxy+1 Cxy+1 Cxy1
.
+
+
6
5
2
13

Gii
K: y x + 1; y + 1 x
5(x + 1)!
6x!
5.Cxy+1 = 6.Cxy+1
=

y!(x + 1 y)! (y + 1)!(x y 1)

5(y + 1).(x + 1) = 6(x y).(x y + 1)(1)
y+1
y1
Tng t: 2.Cx = 5.Cx 2(x y).(x y + 1) = 5y.(y + 1)(2)
V cng bng 6(x y).(x y + 1) nn 5.(y + 1).(x + 1) = 15y.(y + 1) x + 1= 3y(3) .
Thay (3) vo (2) c 8y2 4y = 5y2 + 5y y = 3, suy ra x =8. Vy x =8, y =3.
Bi 66. ( Hc vin Ngn hnh, phn bit TP.HCM - 1999 ).
Tm cc s x nguyn dng tha nm phng trnh
C1x + Cx2 + 6.Cx3 = 9x2 14 (1)
Gii:
K: x 3
x.(x 1)
x.(x 1).(x 2)
x + 6.
= 6.
= 9x2 14
(1)
2
6
2
x 9x + 14 = 0
Vy x = 7, loi x = 2 < 3.
k
k+ 2
k+1
Bi 67. ( Cao ng S phm TP.HCM - 1999 ). Tm s t nhin k tha mn ng thc C14 + C14 = 2.C14 (1).
Gii:
K: k + 2 14 k 12
14!
14!
14.

+
= 2.
k!(14 k)! (k + 2)!(12 k)!
(k + 1)!(13 k)!
(1)

k2 12k + 32 = 0,
vy k = 4, k = 8 u tha mn K.
Bi 68.(H An ninh nhn dn - 2001).CMR vi n l s t nhin, n 2, taco :

1
1
1 n 1
+ 2 + ... + 2 =
2
A2 A3
An
n

Gii

1
1
1
1
n 1
+
+
+ ... +
=

1.2 2.3 3.4

(n 1).n n
2 1 3 2 4 3
n (n 1) n 1
+
+
+ ... +
=

1.2 2.3 3.4

(n 1).n
n

(1)

1 n 1
1 1 1 1 1
1
1 2 + 2 3 + 3 4 + ... + n 1 n = n

1 n 1
1 =
(dpcm)
n
n
Bi 69. (H Bch khao H Ni - 2001).Gii h PT
y
y
2.Ax + 5.Cx = 90
y
y
5.Ax 2.Cx = 80
Gii:
DK:x,y l nhng s nguyn dng, y x.
y
y
t u= Ax , v = Cx tm c n=20, v=10.
14

x!

y
y = 2
20 = Ax = (x y)!
y = 2

x!

20
=
x
!
20
=
x
.(
x

1
)
y

10 = C f =

(x 2)!
x

(x y)! y!
y = 2

x = 5(loaix = 4)
n
n
n 2
Bi 70. (H Y dc TP.HCM - 1998).Chng minh rng vi 0 k n C2n+ k .C2n k (C2n ) (1)
Gii
n
n
n
n
n
n
l ng nu dy uk = C2n+k .C2nk l dy s gim (uk u0 ). Dy uk gim C2n+ k .C2n k C2n+ k1.C2n(k1)
(2n + k)! (2n k)! (2n+ k 1)! (2n k+ 1)!

.
n!(n + k)! n!(n k)! n!(n+ k 1)! n!(n k+ 1)!
(2n+ k)(n+ k) (n+ k)(2n k+ 1)
(2n+ k).(n+ k)+ ( 2k+ 1) (n+ k).[(2n+ k)+
( 2k+ 1)]
(2n+ k)( 2k+ 1) (n+ k)( 2k+ 1)
2n+ k n+ k
n 0(dpcm)

Bi 71. (H Hng Hi - 1999).Gii bt phng trnh

Cnn13
1
<
4
An+1 14.P3

Gii
K: 4 n+ 1 n 3
14.P3Cnn13 < An4+1 14.3!

(n 1)!
< (n + 1).n.(n 1).(n 2)
(n 3)!2!

n2 + n 42 > 0 (n 6).(n + 7) > 0 n 6 > 0 n > 6.

Kt hp vi K: n 3 c nl s nguyn ln hn 6.
Bi 72. (H Bch khoa H Ni - 2000). Gii bt phng trnh

1 2
6
.A2x Ax2 .Cx3 + 10(1)
2
x

Gii:
K: x 3, x N
1 (2x)!
x!
6
x!
(1) .

.
+ 10
2 (2x 2)! (x 2)! x 3!(x 3)!
1
.(2x 1).2x x.(x 1) (x 2) + 10
2
3,x=4
x 4.DoDKx 3nenx=
k
k+1
1000
1001
Bi 73. (H Quc gia H Ni - 2000). Cho 0 k 2000 , k nguyn, chng minh C2001 + C2001 C2001 + C2001 (1)
Gii:
6
5
/
/
5
4
3
2
1
= C11
C11
= C11
,C11
C11
,...nenS
+ C11
+ C11
+ C11
+ C11
Do 0
0
1
2
10
11
C11 25 = C11
+ C11
+ C11
+ ... + C11
+ C11
(1)

15

n
k k
p dng khai trin Niutn (x + 1) = Cn .x vi x=1, n=11 c
k= 0

11

k
0
1
2
10
11
(1+ 1)n = C11
= C11
+ C11
+ C11
+ ... + C11
+ C11
(2)
k= 0

10

T (1),(2) suy ra 2S=2 nS= 2 = 1024.

k
Bi 74. (H S phm Vinh - 2001). Cho n l s nguyn dng c nh.CRM Cn ln nht nu k l s t nhin
n+ 1
ln nht khng vt qu
.
2
Gii
n!
n!
k
va Cnk 1 =
V Cn =
l cc s dng c t s
k!(n k)!
(k 1)!(n k + 1)!
Cnk
n k + 1
n k + 1
nk > Cnk1
=
nenC
>1
k1
Cn
k
k
k<

n+ 1
.
2

T suy ra pcm.
An4+ 4 143

(n = 1,2,3,...)
Bi 75. (H An ninh - 2001). Tm cc s m trong cc dy s X11. X2n...Xn... vi Xn =
Pn+ 2 4Pn
Gii:

(n + 4)!
143
143

< 0 (n + 3).(n + 4)
< 0
n!(n + 2)! 4.n1!
4
19
5 )

4n2 + 28n 95 < 0 < n < .V ayn = 1; n = 2nen

2
2
63
23
x1 = ; x2 =
4
8
l cc s phi tm.
6
7
8
9
10
11
Bai 76. (H Quc gia H Ni - 1997). Tnh tng S = C11 + C11 + C11 + C11 + C11 + C11
Gii
6
5
/
1
5
4
3
2
1
0
= C11
C11
= C11
.C11
C11
...nenS
+ C11
+ C11
+ C11
+ C11
+ C11

Do
0
1
2
10
11
2S = C11 + C11 + C11 + ... + C11 + C11 (1)
xn < 0

n
k k
p dung khai trin Niutn (x+1) = Cn .x vi x=1,n=11 c
k= o

k
0
1
2
10
11
(x + 1)n = C11
= C11
+ C11
+ C11
+ ... + C11
+ C11
(2) . T (10,(2) 2s= 2 n S = 210 = 1024.
k= 0

Bi 77. (H Bch khao H Ni - 1999). Cho n l s t nhin ln hn 2, tnh tng

S = Cn1 2.Cn2 + 3.Cn3 4.Cn4 ...(1)n1.nC
. nn
Giai
Theo khai trin Niutn
(1+ x)n = Cn0 + Cn1.x + Cn2 .x2 + ... + Cnn .xn
16

n1

o hm hai v: n.(1+ x)

= 1.Cn1 + 2xC
. n2 + 3x2 .Cn3 + ... + n.xn1 .Cnn

1
. n2 + 3.Cn3 ... + n.xx1.nC
. nn
Cho x = 1: 0 = Cn 2xC
Vy S = 0
Bi 78. ( H An ninh - 2000 ). Tnh tng:
0
1
2
2000
S = C2000
+ 2.C2000
+ 3.C2000
+ ... + 2001.C2000
Gii:
2000
0
1
2
2
2000 2000
C (x + 1) = C2000 + C2000 .x + C2000 .x + ... + C2000 .x
(1)
o hm hai v ca (1):
1
2
2000
2000.(x + 1)1999 = 0 + C2000
+ 2xC
. 2000
+ ... + 2000.x1999 .C2000
(2)
Trong (2) thay x = 1 c
1
2
3
2000
2000.21999 = C2000
+ 2.C2000
+ 3.C2000
+ ... + 2000.C2000
= S1
0
1
2
2000
S S1 = C2000
+ C2000
+ C2000
+ ... + C2000
= S2
2000
0
1
2000
Trong (1) cho x = 1 c 2 + C2000 + C2000 + ... + C2000 = S2
1999
2000
2000
Vy S = S1 + S2 = 2000.2 + 2 = 1001.2 .
Bi 79. ( HDL Duy Tn - 2001 ). Tnh tng sau:
26 0 25 1 24 2 23 3 22 4 2 5 1 6
S = .C6 + .C6 + .C6 + .C6 + .C6 + .C6 + .C6
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Gii:
26 0
25 1 24 2 3
1 6 71
S = .C6 .x + .C6 + .C6 x + ... + .C6 .x
2
3
7
10
1

1 1
V F (x) = f (x).dx, trong f(x) l o hm ca F(x) nn
0 0
1

S (2 .C + 2 .C .x + 2 .C .x + ... + C .x ).dx = (x + 2)6 .dx

6

0
6

1
6

2
6

6
6

(x + 2)7 1 37 27
= (x + 2) .d(x + 2) =
=
.
7 0
7
0
6

Bi 80. ( H Nng - 2001 ). Vi mi s t nhin n, hy tnh tng

1
1
1
1
S = Cn0 + Cn1.2 + .Cn2 .22 + .Cn3.23 + ... +
.Cnn.2n
2
3
4
n+ 1
Gii:
1
1 1 2 1 2 2 3
1
0
.Cnn.2n.xn+1 )
S = (Cn .x + .Cn .2 + .Cn .2 .x + ... +
2
3
n+ 1
0
1
1 1
0
1
2
2
n
n
V F(x) = f (x).dx, trong f(x) l o hm ca F(x) nn S = (Cn + Cn.2x + Cn .(2x) + ... + Cn (2x) ).dx =
0 0
0
1

1
(1+ 2x)n+1 1 3n+1 1
n.
n
(1
+
2
x
)
.
dx
=
.(1
+
2)
.
d
(1
+
2
x
)
=
=
.
0
0 3
2(n + 1) 0 2.(n + 1)
Bi 81. ( H S phm TP.HCM - 2001 ). Cho A l tp hp c 20 phn t
17

a) C bao nhiu tp hp con ca A

b) C bao nhiu tp hp con khc rng ca A m s phn t l s chn.
Gii:
a) S tp hp con ca A c k phn t (0 k 20) l s cch chn ra k phn t
k
( khng k th t ) t 20 phn t cho : C20 .
Vy tp hp con ca A l:
20

0
1
2
20
k
S = C20
+ C20
+ C20
+ ... + C20
= C20
k= 0

20

20

20
k
k
20
k
Do (1+ x) = C20.x nn vi x = 1 th (1+ 1) = C20
k= 0
2
20

k= 0

S = C + C + C + ... + C = 2 (1)
b) s phn t l chn tc l k chn, vy s tp con khc rng m s phn t l chn l:
2
4
6
20
Q = C20
+ C20
+ C20
+ ... + C20
Vi x = -1 th
0
2
3
20
(1+ x)20 = (1 1)20 = C20
C120 + C20
C20
+ ... ... + C20
(2)
0
2
4
20
20
Cng (1) vi (2) c: 2(C20 + C20 + C20 + ... + C20 ) = 2
0
20

1
20

0
2.(C20
+ Q) = 220 Q =

20
20

20

220
0
= C20
= 219 1.
2

2
2
Bi 82. ( H Quc gia H Ni - 2000 ). Gii PT Px.Ax + 72 = 6.( Ax + 2.Px ) (1)
Gii:
x
(2)

(1) x! x.(x 1) + 72 = 6. x.( x 1) + 2.x!

l s nguyn dng

(2) (x2 x 12).(x! 6) = 0 x = 4; x = 3.

18