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MC LC

MC LC............................................................................................................i
Danh mc hnh nh v bng biu.......................................................................iii
Chng 1. GII THIU......................................................................................4
1.1 Truyn hnh tng tc l g..............................................................................................4
1.2 Mc ch ca tiu lun.....................................................................................................5
1.3 Cu trc ni dung ca tiu lun.......................................................................................5

Chng 2. CNG NGH TRUYN HNH TNG TC...............................6


1.4 Kin trc khi qut...........................................................................................................6
1.4.1 My thu hnh (tivi)....................................................................................................7
1.4.2 Thit b u cui (set-top unit)..................................................................................8
1.4.3 Thit b trung tm.....................................................................................................9
1.4.4 Mng truyn dn........................................................................................................9
1.5 Mi trng cng ngh....................................................................................................11
1.5.1 Webdiffusion...........................................................................................................12
1.5.2 B iu hng tn hiu truyn hnh.........................................................................12
1.5.3 S hi t gia truyn hnh v Internet.....................................................................13
1.6 Cc ng dng.................................................................................................................14
1.6.1 Truyn hnh theo yu cu (Video-on-demand, VoD)..............................................14
1.6.2 Thanh ton theo thi gian xem (Pay per view).......................................................14
1.6.3 Dch v ti gia.........................................................................................................14
1.6.4 Th in t..............................................................................................................14
1.6.5 Truyn hnh theo lch..............................................................................................14
1.6.6 Mua bn qua truyn hnh.........................................................................................14
1.6.7 Dch v ngn hng ti nh.......................................................................................15
1.6.8 Mi trng o..........................................................................................................15
1.6.9 Tr chi...................................................................................................................15

Chng 3 . TNH HNH THNG MI HA TRUYN HNH TNG TC


TRN TH GII...............................................................................................16
1.7 Ti Trung Quc..............................................................................................................16
1.8 Ti Chu u...................................................................................................................16

1.9 Ti M.............................................................................................................................16
1.10 Ti Canada...................................................................................................................17

Chng 4. KHCH HNG CA TRUYN HNH TNG TC................18


1.11 i hi ca ngi s dng i vi truyn hnh tng tc...........................................19
1.11.1 S n nh ca dch v..........................................................................................19
1.11.2 S la chn phong ph..........................................................................................20
1.12 H s v khn gi.........................................................................................................20
1.13 S tng tc Khn gi - truyn hnh tng tc............................................................20
1.13.1 Cc thnh phn ha..........................................................................................20
1.13.2 Cc thnh phn m thanh......................................................................................21
1.13.3 T chc thng tin trn mn hnh...........................................................................22
1.13.4 S dng thut ng to cc nhn cc nt...........................................................22
1.13.5 Phn hi.................................................................................................................22
1.13.6 i li......................................................................................................................23
1.13.7 B iu khin t xa v bn phm...........................................................................23
1.13.8 Khuyn ngh chung...............................................................................................24
1.13.9 Yu t dn n thnh cng....................................................................................25

Ti liu tham kho.............................................................................................26

Danh mc hnh nh v bng biu


Hnh nh
Hnh 1. Thit b u cui v thit b ngoi vi.......................................................8
Hnh 2.V d v truyn hnh tng tc (The Weather Channel)........................13

Bng biu

Chng 1. GII THIU

1.1 Truyn hnh tng tc l g


Truyn hnh l mt phn trong cuc sng ca chng ta. N t s nh
hng ln kinh t, chnh tr v th gii quan ca chng ta. l iu khng cn
phi chng minh. Truyn hnh l mt phng tin truyn thng mnh m nht,
trong mi thi i. Chnh th m chng ta s khng c g ngc nhin khi ni rng :
ngay t khi ra i, truyn hnh tng tc em n rt nhiu li ch. Vy chng ta
bit g v cng ngh tuyt vi ny?
i vi mt s ngi cho rng, truyn hnh tng tc cho php khn gi
tng tc vi ni dung nhn c, gi i kin ca h trong cc bui tranh lun
hoc tham gia vo cc tr chi, tr li cc cu hi iu tra. Mt s khc li cho
rng, truyn hnh tng tc ng ngha vi cc dch v truyn hnh theo yu cu
(video-on-demand hay VoD).
i vi cc nh cng ngh, truyn hnh tng tc li hon ton c ngha l
s hi t ca truyn hnh vi mng thng tin ton cu (Internet). iu ny c
pht trin theo hai hng. Hng th nht, truy cp vo Internet thng qua truyn
hnh nh vic s dng mt thit b gii m, b iu khin t xa, bn phm. Hng
th hai, vic truy cp vo truyn hnh thng qua my tnh.
Khi nim truyn hnh tng tc dn ta ti rt nhiu khi nim khc. l
mt phng php th gic mi ca truyn hnh, l mt cuc cch mng cng ngh
bi v n s dng rt nhiu cng ngh tin tin.
Truyn hnh tng tc rt pht trin trong nhng nm gn y. S ri lon
trong lnh vc truyn thng to pht trin cho s cnh tranh gay gt gia cc
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cng ty in thoi, cc cng ty cung cp cp v cc phng tin truyn thng mi.


iu ny cng khin chng ta quan tm n cc thit b truyn thng khng truyn
thng c s dng trong cc gia nh.
1.2 Mc ch ca tiu lun
Truyn hnh tng tc l g? S xm nhp ca n vo th trng nh th
no? S kt hn gia Internet v truyn hnh s em n mt tng lai huy hong?
S pht trin ca truyn hnh tng tc hin ti ra sao Chu , Chu u, Chu
M?
Vi cun tiu lun nh ny, chng ti khng c tham vng i su vo nghin
cu truyn hnh tng tc tr li tt c nhng cu hi trn. Bng cch tip cn
truyn thng, chng ti hy vng gii thiu c mt phn b mt ca truyn hnh
tng tc trong thi gian va qua.
1.3 Cu trc ni dung ca tiu lun
Phn th hai, chng ti gii thiu v cng ngh truyn hnh tng tc, l
v kin trc tng qut v cc ch pht tn. Cng trong phn ny, chng ti s
cp n nhng kh khn m mt nh pht trin s phi i mt khi tin hnh u t
vo cng ngh tng tc cho ngi dng gia nh.
Phn th ba, chng ti xin cp n tnh hnh thng mi ha truyn hnh
tng tc trn th gii.
Phn th t s trnh by n nhng iu lin quan n ngi s dng - khn
gi - yu t quyt nh s thnh bi ca truyn hnh tng tc. C th l v cc
mong i ca h, thi ng x, cc thi quen nghe nhn ca h.

Chng 2. CNG NGH TRUYN HNH TNG TC

Truyn hnh tng tc c th c nh ngha bng s thay th my thu hnh


truyn thng bi cc thit b cho php ngi s dng nhn c cc thng tin v
cc dch v bng cch s dng b iu khin t xa v bn phm.
Truyn hnh c th c cc loi sau :
Bng s 1. Cc loi truyn hnh
Th ng
Tuyn tnh

Ch ng
Tuyn tnh

Tng tc
Khng tuyn tnh

iu khin bi thit b Khn gi iu khin Khn gi c th i theo


pht
c lch pht
cc lin kt nh trn
WEB
Xem, thay i knh hoc C kh nng ci thin s Ni dung lin kt, tn ti
tt my thu hnh
la chn cho khn gi t lu di v c tnh ng.
do hn

1.4 Kin trc khi qut


Cc tc nhn chnh tham gia vo vic to thnh mi trng truyn hnh tng
tc gm :
khn gi ti gia nh;
nh cung cp thit b (ngi sn xut cc thit b truyn hnh tng tc);
nh cung cp cc dch v v ni dung (ngi qun l cc ng dng);
nh cung cp mng (ngi cung cp h tng c s).
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c th thc hin c mt cuc truyn hnh tng tc, i hi phi c cc


thit b sau y :
mt my thu hnh;
mt thit b u cui (set-top unit) ni vo my thu hnh1;
mt my ch qun l ni dung v dch v;
mt mng truyn dn.
1.4.1 My thu hnh (tivi)
Trong hu ht cc gia nh, my thu hnh lm nhim v nhn cc tn hiu
tng t, chuyn i v hin th chng thnh hnh nh. Mt s loi my thu hnh c
kh nng cung cp m thanh (dolby Digital/AC3) v hnh nh cht lng cao (
phn gii kp : 1250 dng xen k thay v ch c 525 dng).
Vi s ra i ca cc sn phm k thut truyn hnh s v s s ha cc tn
hiu truyn hnh bi cc thit b pht sng v cc trung tm trung gian chuyn i
tn hiu, trong mt thi gian ngn na, chng ta s c s dng cc my thu hnh
cht lng cao. Tuy nhin, trong khi ch i, chng ta s vn phi gn ci thit b
u cui vo my thu hnh th mi xem c truyn hnh.

i vi cc thit b u cui hin i, ngi ta tch hp vo n c b gii m.

1.4.2 Thit b u cui (set-top unit)

Hnh 1. Thit b u cui v thit b ngoi vi


Thit b u cui hay cn gi l b gii m ha c ni vi my thu hnh.
N lm nhim v chuyn i cc tn hiu m thanh, hnh nh cho truyn hnh. Cc
th h u tin ca b gii m ha c kh nng rt gii hn trong vic duyt cc
thc n a cp bng vic s dng cc kha s.
Nhng hin nay, thit b u cui c th cho php thc hin mt tng tc
cc b hoc vi mt my ch xa. N thc cht l mt b iu khin kin trc
truyn hnh tng tc c th tng tc vi nhiu thit b hoc my mc khc (xem
Hnh 1).
B gii m ang chuyn dn t tng t sang s ha.

1.4.3 Thit b trung tm


Thit b trung tm chnh l mt ci my tnh cha cc lu tr in t. N c
th c cc kh nng khc nhau trong vic lu tr ni dung (media server) v qun l
cc giao tc dch v.
S xut hin ca nhiu cch thc tiu th mi ca truyn hnh khuyn
khch s a dng ha v dch v, vy nn, cc thit b trung tm i hi phi c kh
nng lu tr rt ln. N cng phi c mt tc x l cc ln, vng chc v n
nh trong hot ng. Hn na, n phi c trang b cc phn mn h tr tm
kim v trch lc thng tin.
i vi truyn hnh tng tc, s pht tn cc chng trnh truyn hnh a
knh c s tr gip ca nhng phn mm my tnh c bit.
1.4.4 Mng truyn dn
Mng truyn dn l mt tp hp cc ch truyn dn khc nhau c h
tr bi cp ng trc, in thoi, sng in t, v tinh ...
1.4.4.1 Cp ng trc
Lc u, cp ng trc c thit k truyn dn cc tn hiu truyn hnh
dng tng t. l mt mng cc b gm 4 phn t :
mt trm (u ca mng hoc u ca ng) thu cc tn hiu truyn hnh,
thng l tn hiu t v tinh, ri sau truyn tip vo mt mng cp
quang no y ti cc trung tm phn phi;
cc trung tm phn phi phc v cho hng nghn cn h;
mng ni cc trung tm vi cc cn h (ti b gii m);
mt b gii m ha c ni vi my thu hnh
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Mng ny c thit k nhm truyn ti cc tn hiu t trung tm n cc


khch hng ch khng phi truyn cc thng ip theo hng ngc li. Bi v
thng tin trong n ch i theo mt hng, cho nn dng mng ny khng th h tr
cho truyn hnh tng tc.
1.4.4.2 Mng in thoi
Mng in thoi c to ra t nhng cp dy ng xon vi nhau ni mt
trm in thoi vi mt u c chia x vi mt hoc nhiu thu bao. Mng ny
cho php truyn ti thng tin theo hai chiu. Cc d liu c truyn to nh mt
h thng my in bo phc v chuyn i.
Nh c cng ngh ADSL/LNPA nn thng qua mt thit b bin i d liu
tc cao (modem) lm tng lu lng truyn dn ca mng in thoi trong khi
vn s dng nhng cp dy ng. Cng ngh ny m ra mt cnh ca ti cc dch
v tng tc a phng tin tin tin.
Thc t, vn tc truyn dn mt tn hiu video s c th ln ti 2,2Mbit/giy.
Khi s dng cng ngh ADSL/LNPA tc truyn dn hai chiu c th ln ti
5,76Mbit/giy. Tuy nhin, mng in thoi vn b coi l chm chp v c nhiu yu
im do qu tn km trin khai n mt h gia nh.
1.4.4.3 V tinh
V tinh l mt thit b thu pht trung gian c kh nng truyn thng tin trn
mt b mt rng. Tn c pht i t mt trm trn mt t hng theo v tr ca v
tinh c t trn qu o cao 36000 km tnh t mt t. Ngi s dng nhn
tn hiu thng qua thit b l ng ten hnh parabn. Thng tin c truyn i di
dng s ha v c nn.

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V tinh cung cp kh nng trao i thng tin t mt im n nhiu im


nhng khng cho php kh nng tng tc bi v ngi s dng khng th gi
thng tin ca h mt cch trc tip n v tinh.
Vic trao i thng tin gia ngi s dng di mt t v v tinh ch c th
thc hin c thng qua mt trm pht trung gian. Hoc nu khng th phi thit
lp mt lin kt im - im s dng cc cng ngh nh v v m ha c bit,
trong trng hp ny ta thu c kh nng cung cp lin kt Internet vi v tinh.
1.4.4.4 Sng in t
y l h thng truyn thng tin c in ca truyn hnh trn di tn
VHF/UHF. H tng c s ca loi mng ny l mt mng li cc trm thu v pht
li trn mt t. Tng t nh vi v tinh, mng sng in t cng khng cho php
vic trao i hai chiu nn cng khng cung cp kh nng tng tc.
1.4.4.5 Sng ngn
Sng ngn c s dng trong cng ngh in thoi di ng. Cc tn hiu
truyn hnh s c pht i di dng tng t hoc s ha n cc trm thu thng
qua mng sng in hoc khng dy. Sau , n c dn n im pht li bng
cp quang. Ri tn hiu s c tip tc pht i t cc trm ny n ngi s dng
bng sng ngn. V pha ngi s dng, ngi ta cm mt ci ngten trn mi nh
v ni vi mt b nhn tn hiu s.
Look l mt cng ty Canada u tin trn th gii cung cp dch v truyn
hnh s bng sng ngn vi tc cao.
1.5 Mi trng cng ngh
Bn gii php cng ngh ln cho php s tng tc gia ni dung truyn
hnh v ngi s dng gm :
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Webdiffusion : t cc on video truyn hnh ln web nh vo cc ng


dng ph tr khc;
b iu hng tn hiu truyn hnh c gn vo my tnh chuyn i
mn hnh my tnh thnh mn hnh tivi;
b gii m s ni vo my thu hnh cung cp cc dch v tng tc
thng qua cp;
h thng cha kha trao tay to ra s hi t gia truyn hnh v Internet.
1.5.1 Webdiffusion
S ra i ca cc ng dng nn v gii nn cho php a cc hnh nh
ng (video) ln Web. Ngy cng nhiu cc chng trnh truyn hnh c a ln
Internet.
1.5.2 B iu hng tn hiu truyn hnh
B iu hng tn hiu truyn hnh c gn vo mt my tnh v s kt hp
vi cc phn mm my tnh cho php thm cc chc nng tng tc. Thit b
WaveTop, pht trin bi WavePhore v da trn cng ngh InterCast ca Intel, cho
php kt hp vic nhn ng thi cc chng trnh t truyn hnh v t Web.
V mt phn mm, chng trnh WebTV chy trn Windows, c tch hp
vo h iu hnh Windows 98, cho php xem cc chng trnh TV trn mt mn
hnh my tnh c cha cc thng tin t Internet.
Rt nhiu hng truyn thng, trong c NBC, MTV, CNN v The Weather
Channel, trin khai dch v tng tc.

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Hnh 2.V d v truyn hnh tng tc (The Weather Channel1)

1.5.3 S hi t gia truyn hnh v Internet


H thng cha kha trao tay l mt h thng hon chnh gm : thit b u
cui, h thng iu hnh, dch v thu bao, truy cp Internet. K t thi im ngi
s dng bt thit b u cui, n s c chm sc bi mt dch v qun l tng
tc.
Vic s dng dch v c chp nhn sau khi khch hng ng k thu bao.
Nh cung cp dch v Internet l i tc ca nh cung cp dch v truyn hnh
tng tc. Ch cn mua mt thit b u cui (set-top box) gi vi trm la v mt
ti khon thu bao thng khong vi chc la, h thng cha kha trao tay s cung
cp cho bn cc chc nng c bn nh : truy cp khng hn ch vo Web, th in
t, tn gu, v ngay c vic gi li hoc qun l cc du vt ca vic tra cu thng
tin. Nh vo vic s dng mt trnh duyt xy dng bi nh cung cp dch v,
khch hng c th vo mt giao din web v lang thang trn Internet nh lm vi
chic my tnh.

Hnh nh ny ly t mc "What is Interactive Television ?", thng 3 nm 1999,

http://developer.webtv.net/itv/whatis/main.htm

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1.6 Cc ng dng
1.6.1 Truyn hnh theo yu cu (Video-on-demand, VoD)
Vi dch v truyn hnh theo yu cu, ngi xem c th yu cu v thanh
ton thng qua b iu khin t xa v nhn c chng trnh mong mun trc
tip trn mn hnh ti thi im nh yu cu.
1.6.2 Thanh ton theo thi gian xem (Pay per view)
Thanh ton theo thi gian xem hay cn gi l thanh ton theo tng cnh xem
l chng trnh cho php bn quyn xem mt hoc nhiu chng trnh truyn hnh.
Loi hnh ny c p dng cho vic bn cc chng trnh truyn hnh th thao.
1.6.3 Dch v ti gia
Dch v ti gia da trn nn tng truyn hnh tng tc cho php thc hin
vic qun l tng th v t ng cc my mc gia nh v cng ngh phc v sinh
hot (si, chiu sng, bo thc, ...).
1.6.4 Th in t
Th in t trn truyn hnh khng cung cp tt c cc chc nng m ch cho
php thc hin cc chc nng c s nh gi v nhn th.
1.6.5 Truyn hnh theo lch
Truyn hnh theo lch in t cho php ngi s dng tra cu trn mn hnh
cc chng trnh ca 7 ngy tip theo. Mt s ng dng ca loi dch ny cho php
ngi s dng t lp ra mt chng trnh TV cho chnh mnh.
1.6.6 Mua bn qua truyn hnh
Mua bn qua truyn hnh l mt dng bn hng hoc dch v t xa. Cc giao
dch c thc hin trn mn hnh ca tivi. Cc lnh t mua ca khch hng
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truyn hnh cng c thc hin trn mn hnh v hng ha sau s c chuyn
n tn nh.
1.6.7 Dch v ngn hng ti nh
Cc dch v ngn hng ti nh cho php thc hin cc giao dch c s t xa
nh : chuyn tin, tra cu s d trong mt mi trng thng tin bo mt.
1.6.8 Mi trng o
Trong mt mi trng o a ngi s dng (v d : d n Hng xm in
t), c n 6 ngi c th m thoi vi nhau.
1.6.9 Tr chi
Cc ng dng kim tin qua truyn hnh tng tc, cc tr chi c th l
dnh cho c nhn hoc tp th.

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Chng 3 . TNH HNH THNG MI HA TRUYN HNH


TNG TC TRN TH GII

1.7 Ti Trung Quc


Thng 1 nm 1998, hng truyn thng Hong Kong Telecom cho ra i
dch v truyn hnh tng tc ti Hng Kng, Trung Quc. y l mt trong nhng
chng trnh u tin trn th gii cung cp dch v truyn hnh thng qua mng
in thoi. Cc thu bao c th la chn mt phim hay mt chng trnh truyn
hnh trong khong 100 gi chng trnh c s ha. Cc chng trnh ny
c qun l bi thit b gii m. N cho php theo di thi gian khai thc, khong
dng, quay lui ... ging nh mt my nghe bng.
1.8 Ti Chu u
Truyn hnh tng tc to ra mt sc ht rt ln ti Chu u, c bit l
ti Anh. Tuy nhin, truyn hnh tng tc ti Chu u vn pht trin chm hn ti
M. S chm tr ny l v mt s l sau y :
Ti Chu u, t l ngi trung thnh vi cc loi hnh truyn thng truyn
thng vn cn rt cao. V d, truy cp vo Internet t hn M l 3 ln!
Ti Chu u, s tht c chai khng nm cng ngh m nm kinh t v
chnh tr iu ny to ra mt s dch v gi qu cao do c quyn.
1.9 Ti M
Tp on Microsoft to ra WebTV. Thng qua h thng dch v WebTV
Network, ngi s dng c th truy cp khng hn ch vo Web, gi v nhn th
in t, gi, lu tr v t chc cc du vt truy cp, in n ni dung.
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Time Warner to ra Studios, l mt giao din ha cho php cc thu


bao truy cp n cc dch v truyn hnh tng tc : cc b phim theo yu cu, mi
trng tr chi o 3D, tin tc mi lc trong ngy, cc bn tin thng k tng kt th
thao, dch v ngn hng, phn phi bnh Pizzas.
1.10 Ti Canada
Ti Canada, cc hng c pht trin truyn hnh tng tc u l nhng cng
ty rt ln, l nhng cng ty c y cc phng tin, c s h tng... Hu ht
cc cng ty ny u trin khai cc d n truyn hnh tng tc.

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Chng 4. KHCH HNG CA TRUYN HNH TNG TC

Theo Peter Sands, principal, McKinsey & Co th : "rt nhiu ngi nhm ln
gia truyn hnh s v Internet, hai ci ny rt khc nhau. Vi Internet ngi ta
c vn bn, duyt v la chn cc kh nng nh i vi mt cun tp ch. Trong
khi truyn hnh s th cho ta kh nng to ra ni dung nghe nhn c."
Qua nghin cu ngi ta thy rng pht trin truyn hnh tng tc, mt
trong nhng iu c tnh cht quyt nh u tin n s thnh cng l ngi s
dng. Vic u tin phi lm l phi tm hiu nhng mong ch ca ngi xem i
vi truyn hnh tng tc. Nhng i hi ca khn gi ph thuc rt nhiu vo bn
cht hai loi hnh truyn thng ny. Ngi dng Internet th c th chp nhn mt
giao din c bn v nhng vn v giao tip. Cn ngi xem truyn hnh th li
i hi nhng hnh nh cht lng cao v dch v khng c ngt qung. Nhng
ngi ny c thi quen nhn mt ton b cc ni dung trn mt mn hnh, khng
ging nh i vi my tnh, khi nim thanh trt khng tn ti trn truyn hnh.
Sau y s l bng gii thiu nhng c tnh s dng khc nhau trn my
tnh v trn my thu hnh. M hnh tng tc v giao din tng tc phi xem xt
thn trng nhng im khc nhau ny. Chnh v th m mt s khi nim thit k
giao din p dng cho my tnh phi thch nghi vi truyn hnh.

Bng s 2. S khc nhau v c tnh s dng gia my tnh v truyn hnh


My tnh
Tiu th

C nhn

Truyn hnh
Tp th v c nhn

Cng dng

Nghin cu

Gii tr

Thit b nhp d liu

Bn phm, chut

iu khin t xa

Khong cch ti mn hnh Gn

Xa

Mi trng vt l

Khng thay i (bn,


gh)

Rt a dng (i vng,
gh, ging)

Tng tc

Ch ng : thc hin
mt tc v

Th ng : chuyn t
knh ny sang knh khc

Ni dung

Ch yu l vn bn

Ch yu l hnh nh
ng

phn gii mn hnh

Thay i : 1024x812
dng

Khng thay i :
560x384 dng

Nhim v

Nhm n mt mc
ch, d nh danh

Rt kh bao qut

Kch thc mn hnh

T 324mm n 756mm T 351mm n 1404mm

T l thay i thit b

3 nm

10-15 nm

ph bin

40% (Internet 11%)

95% gia nh c t nht 1

1.11 i hi ca ngi s dng i vi truyn hnh tng tc


1.11.1 S n nh ca dch v
Mt trong nhng thch thc cng ngh t nhn c s ch thch ng
nhng li l yu t nh hng rt ln n s thnh cng l s n nh ca cc
ng dng v s truyn thng. Ngi tiu dng khng d tha th cho nhng ng x
19

bp bnh, s ngt qung... nh l h gp trn my tnh. S tin cy ca dch v


phi c chng minh v khng nh ngay t ngy u tin ca dch v.
1.11.2 S la chn phong ph
c tnh bin i v m rng ca cc la chn c dnh cho nhng khn
gi i hi s t do trong vic la chn. Ngi tiu dng thng b hng dn bi
nhng xung ng tc thi v h mun c s linh hot trong vic la chn ph hp
vi h vo thi im mong mun.
1.12 H s v khn gi
Theo mt kt qu nghin cu ca Leeds University v Ogilvy & Mather
cho thy c 4 loi ngi tiu dng sau :
d chp nhn : yu cng ngh (27%);
thc dng : ch coi cng ngh l mt cng c (22%);
truyn thng : khng thch thay i (15%);
bo th : k c mt s quan tm rt ti t vi cng ngh (36%)

1.13 S tng tc Khn gi - truyn hnh tng tc


1.13.1 Cc thnh phn ha
1.13.1.1 Kiu ch
phn gii ca mn hnh my thu hnh rt hn ch. Do vy, vic hin th cc
k t rt d b nh hng. Nn :

20

s dng cc kiu ch c th c c t xa khong 3 mt, khong 18


im;
nn s dng cc kiu ch ca cng mt kiu nh : Gill Sans, Helvetica,
Lucida, Times New Roman, Univers, Verdana;
trnh s dng cc k t chng cho ln nhau;
1.13.1.2 Mu k t
Cc mu c hin th khc nhau trn mn hnh ca my thu v mn hnh my
tnh. Vic s dng mu v mu en s to ra s mo m. Nn dnh khong 90%
cho mu en. Cn mu nn th nn chn mu du v quan trng nht l phi lm ni
bt ni dung.
1.13.1.3 Du gch ni
Cc du gch ngang thng lc l trn mn hnh tivi vy khng nn dng.
1.13.1.4 Con tr
Rt cn thit to ra mt ch th thu ht s ch ca ngi s dng nhng
khng c to ra nhiu s ch mt lc trn mn hnh.
1.13.2 Cc thnh phn m thanh
Vic s dng cc ch dn bng m thanh l rt ng n trong cc ng dng
dnh cho truyn hnh. Trong tt c cc trng hp, cn phi trnh lm qu ti vic
tng tc.

21

1.13.3 T chc thng tin trn mn hnh


truyn hnh rt kh cho php s dng cc thanh trt, vy nn gim ti thiu
cc thnh phn giao din, t cc thng tin quan trng ln phn cao ca mn
hnh;
cung cp trong trang u mt ci bn cc chc nng;
tp hp tt c cc chc nng cho php trn mt trang ngi s dng d c
mt ci nhn ton din trn nhng kh nng cho php;
mi phn on ch nn t ti a 3 n 4 cu;
trnh nhng giao din khng phn nh t chc ca h thng, qu phc tp
cho ngi dng.
1.13.4 S dng thut ng to cc nhn cc nt
s dng nhng nhn ng, c th;
khng s dng ch vit tt trong cc thc n.
1.13.5 Phn hi
hng dn cho ngi s dng dch v truyn hnh tng tc, nn :
cung cp mt s phn hi i vi la chn cui cng c thc hin;
gii thiu cho ngi s dng thy r tnh trng ca h thng, nht l khi h
bt u kt ni vo nhng dch v phi tr tin, bng cch m h d hiu
nht.

22

1.13.6 i li
l kh nng khin cho ngi s dng c th di chuyn gia cc phn ni
dung truyn hnh, sau y l mt s nguyn tc cn tn trng :
s di chuyn phi nhanh chng v n gin;
s la chn phi l tng n mc khng phi yu cu ngi s dng nhn
vo thit b iu khin t xa;
truy cp vo cc knh truyn hnh v cc dch v a phng tin phi n
gin v phi dng n cc nt khc nhau ca thit b iu khin;
s trnh by mi cp v trn mn hnh phi c s tng quan; v d, ta
dnh cho mt v tr nht nh th hin mt loi thng tin nht nh;
mi mn hnh phi d dng v nhanh chng c nh danh, v d bng
mt nhn;
cc nt i ti, i lui... phi ring bit. c bit l nt tr v u. Theo kinh
nghim cho thy th ngi s dng thng tr v u v bt u li thao
tc mi khi h b lc.
1.13.7 B iu khin t xa v bn phm
S xut hin ca thit b iu khin t xa trong vic nhp d liu thay th
chut ra mt vin cnh mi trong cng ngh tng tc ngi - my. Trong
thc t, thit b iu khin t xa lm gim i cc thao tc trc tip nh nhng g
ta bit i vi my tnh : trt, ko/di chuyn, chn vng ....
Cc chc nng c bn m mt ci iu khin t xa phi c :
phm truy cp n trang chnh hoc v cp cao nht;
23

phm NG ;
phm THOT;
mi tn (ln, xung, tri, phi);
cc phm ch ci.
1.13.8 Khuyn ngh chung
Chn mt giao din n gin v thng nht.
Cung cp s h tr a phng tin.
Lm th no cho vn bn, nhn ca cc nt v ngay c cc thng ip m
thanh phi tng ng vi ngn ng c chn.
Gim ti thiu yu cu suy din, tnh ton i vi ngi s dng bng cch
n gin ha cc thng tin hin th v trnh by s mch lc gia cc mn
hnh c duyt qua.
Coi cc chc nng thng xuyn c s dng nh l cc chc nng mc
nh.
t s quan tm thch ng vo cc thit b nhp v xut thng tin. Mn hnh
trn truyn hnh v ca thit b iu khin t xa c thit k ph thuc trn
cc rng buc v chc nng. Cn c gng to ra s tng ng trong vic hin
th cc nt ca thit b iu khin t xa (v tr, kch thc, mu, ...) vi giao
din trn truyn hnh.
Dng n cc ch dn nhn thy v nghe c thng bo cho ngi s
dng rng h thng ang thc hin yu cu ca h.
Bo trc cho ngi s dng khi h lm sai.
24

u tin s dng ch th m thanh hn l s dng mt ca s ton vn bn


bo li...
S dng ch vi kch thc ln, trnh cc mn hnh b y.
Phi quan tm n vic mt giao din c thit k trn my tnh s khng
gi c mt s hin th tng t trn mn hnh ca truyn hnh.
1.13.9 Yu t dn n thnh cng
S thnh cng ca mt d n truyn hnh tng tc ph thuc trc ht vo
cht lng ca vic hp tc gia cc bn tham gia. Tuy nhin, n cng phi m
bo nhng vn sau :
cung cp mt s hot ng v s mm do mong i;
tr li ng nhng mong ch ca ngi dng;
d s dng i vi nhng ngi cha bit s dng my tnh.

25

Ti liu tham kho


1. Trung tm nghin cu thng tin ca Montral, La tlvision interactive et la
convergence tlvion-Internet, , 1999.
2. Media Awareness Network, Television versus the Internet, http://www.mediaawareness.ca, 2005.

26

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