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Li TN SV:V TN THNH cm n H V
LP:VT207A1
Em xin chn thnh cm n S SV:207100061 Cng M Qy Thy C Hc Vin Ngh Bu Chnh Vin Thng dy d v cung cp cho mt tm vin thng Ha Thnh to iu kin tt cho em cho em hon thnh tt thc tp Em xin gi li cm n chn thnh n thy Trn nh Thun ngi nh hng cho em nghin cu, tm ti v pht trin trong bo co , cung cp cho em nhng kinh nghim qu bu. Xin chn thnh cm n!
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CNG THC TP
CU TRC MNG VIN THNG TY NINH CU TRC MNG CP NGOI VI TM HIU PHN MM QUN L MNG
MC LC
CHNG I CU TRC MNG VIN THNG TY NINH .I. GII THIU II.S T CHC CHNG II CU TRC MNG CP NGOI VI .I. GII THIU II. Mng ngoi vi 2.1 Khi nim mng ngoi vi 2.2 Cc vn cn lu i vi mng ngoi vi ngy nay 2.2.1 Mng cp ng 2.2.2 H thng cng, b cp 2.3 Mt s qui nh mi v mng ngoi vi 2.3.1 Cu trc mng cp ng ni ht 2.3.2 Cu trc mng truy nhp c cp quang 2.3.3 H thng cng, b cp III. Qui hoch mng ADSL 3.1 Cc bc qui hoch ADSL 3.2 D bo nhu cu ADSL 3.3 D bo k thut ADSL 3.5 Quy hoch cht lng ADSL 3.6 Qui hoch cu hnh mng ADSL 3.7 Qui hoch thit b ADSL 3.8 o th trc khi trin khai ADSL IV.Yu cu k thut cho ng dy thu bao cung cp ADSL 4.1 Cc giai on o th ng dy thu bao s 4.2 Cc php o th nh gi cht lng ng dy thu bao s V. Gii php k thut thit k mng ADSL 5.1 Yu cu thit k k thut 5.2 Nguyn tc la chn gii php k thut 5.3 M hnh chung ca h thng cung cp dch v ADSL 5.3.1 M hnh kt ni ca h thng cung cp dch v ADSL 5.3.2 Chc nng ca h thng cung cp dch v ADSL 5.3.3 Yu cu k thut ca h thng cung cp dch v ADSL VI- MNG NGOI VI TI HUYN HO THNH 6.1- Qui tc t chc mng: 6.2-Cc thnh phn mng ngoi vi 6.3- Mng cp ng Trung tm Vin thng Ha Thnh 6.4- Mng cp quang Trung tm Vin thng Ha Thnh 6.5- H thng cng b cp: 6.6- H thng ng ct treo cp CHNG III TM HIU PHN MM QUN L MNG 3.1 CU TRC H T H NG M H NH H OT NG CA CH NG T RNH
3.2 NG NHP VO H THNG 3.3. S DNG CHNG TRNH 3.3.1. Nhp liu : 3.3.2 Tin ch: 3.3.3 Phn t cp:
I.GII THIU Cu trc mng vin thng Ty Ninh c xy dng nhm tha mn cc yu cu sau: p ng nhu cu cung cp cc dch v vin thng hin nay v cc dch v vin thng th h mi:ATM,IP.Voice,Lan,nhu cu IP truy cp internet tc tng dn Mng c cu trc n gin: -Gim ti a s cp chuyn mch v chuyn tip truyn d. -Nng cao hiu qu s dng , cht lng mng li v gim thi chi ph khai thc v bo dng. -Tin ti mng thoi v s liu trn mng ng trc bng rng - linh hot tnh sn sng cao,m bo an ton mng li v cht lng dch v Vin thng Ty Ninh c 9 trung tm vin thng huyn trc thuc.C 8 huyn 1 th
II.
PSTN. Vi vic a cc dch v bng rng trn mng cp ng m in hnh l ADSL th vn nng cao cht lng mng ngoi vi, r sot li cc tiu chun
c cc phng tin thit b h tr, bo v chng. Nh vy mng ngoi vi gm cc phn chnh sau: a/ Mng cp ng ni ht bao gm:
- Cp ngm (l cp c lun trong ng hm, v h thng cng, b
cp). - Cp treo (l cp c treo trn cc ct bng b tng, ct g, ct st). - Dy thu bao. - Mng xng ni cp. - Phin u dy. - Gi MDF. b/ Mng cp quang ni ht, trung k ni ht, trung k ng di(ng trc) bao gm: - Cp quang ngm (chn trc tip hoc lun trong cng, b cp). - Cp quang treo (treo trn ct b tng, ct st). - Cp quang th sng, bin. c/ H thng h tr, bo v: H thng h tr, bo v mng cp thng tin bao gm: ng hm (Tunnel),
cng cp, ng nha, hm, h cp, t cp, ct b tng cp, thit b chng st cho
kt ni t cc thu bao (in thoi, fax) n thit b chuyn mch qua gi u dy MDF.
Mng bao gm: gi u dy MDF, cp gc, cp phi, cp nhnh, cp thu bao v cc t cp, hp cp. Cp gc (cp chnh) l cp t MDF ni vi t cp s cp; Cp nhnh l cp t t cp s cp n cc t cp th cp; Cp phi l cp ni t t cp th cp n cc hp cp; Cp thu bao l cp ni t hp cp ti nh thu bao. ng knh cp gc thng l 0,4mm, cp nhnh thng dng c ng knh t 0,4 0,5mm, cp phi thng dng c ng knh 0,5 0,9mm, cp thu
bao thng dng l dy dropwire 3 dy (hai dy tip v ring, 1 dy chu lc). Bn knh vng phc v ca cc tng i HOST v cc tng i v tinh ti
cc trung tm tnh, thnh ph t 1,5 5Km, cc vng ngoi bn knh phc v
c ni ln ti trn 10Km. Mng cp ng c cc vn sau: Phng tin thi cng cp cn th s, s cn b v cng nhn k thut
trc tip ch o, thi cng rt t, a s thu lc lng lao ng ph thng ngoi x hi lun cp vo cng cp v ko cp nn cp d b tn thng sau khi thi cng, nh hng ln n cc tham s in mt chiu cng nh
xoay chiu ca cp. Vic phi cp ti cc bu in tnh, thnh ph hin nay qua rt nhiu cp, cp t t s cp (nh cp) n hp cp kt cui cc trung tm tnh, thnh ph l t 1 n 5 cp ( tc l mt i dy thu bao cung cp cc dch v vin thng t nht phi qua t 02 06 ln u chuyn qua phin u dy ti cc t, hp cp mi n gi MDF; C bit c ni thc hin t 8 10 cp phi cp; Vic phi cp nhiu cp l mt trong cc nguyn nhn gy nn nn nhiu trong cp, lm cc tham s in xoay chiu ca li dn cp phn ln khng t yu cu so vi tiu chun ngnh (TCN 68-132: 1998), dn n xuyn nhiu gia cc i cp, suy hao truyn dn ln, suy hao phn x nh, nh hng rt ln n tc truyn dn d liu ca cc dch v xDSL. Khng thc hin hoc thc hin khng ng cc ch tiu v tip t chng st cho cp ti MDF cng nh ti cc t cp, hp cp; y l mt trong cc nguyn nhn gy ln nn nhiu cao trong cc i cp nh hng n tc truyn dn ca cc dch v xDSL.
i cp.
Xuyn m u gn i vi cc i cp nm trong cng mt quad rt ln, suy hao truyn dn tn s 1kHz, 150kHz, 300kHz, 772kHz phn ln
khng t yu cu.
khng cao, nhiu lp b cp bng b tng b dn, v hoc bo dng rt kh khn do thi cng khng ng theo thit k.
St ch T np an b tng v chn rc rt nhiu ni khng c, nn trong b cp c rt nhiu rc v t. Khong cch gia cc khong b c nhiu ni ch 50m 70m, trong khi TCN 68 - 153:1995 a ra ch tiu ny l
100m 270m. Ct cp trn mng s dng nhiu chng loi (ct b tng, ct st..), cc
loi ct ny sn xut theo tiu chun ngnh TCN 18-73; TCN 86-78 (ct b tng cho dy trn thng tin v cp treo ni th) c v lc hu, khng ph
0,4mm; 4Km i vi cp c ng knh 0,5mm; Ch tiu ny m bo cht lng thoi cho cc thu bao thng thng (suy hao truyn dn tn s 800Hz t thu bao n tng i l 7dB)
Hnh .1 Cu trc mng cp ng ni ht - Thc hin vic phi cp mt cp (i dy thu bao ch qua mt t cp v mt hp cp) ti cc trung tm tnh, thnh ph, huyn, th x; Cha p dng ch tiu ny i vi cc vng su, vng xa. - Nhng ni s dng cp gc 0,4mm th cp nhnh c th s dng c dy: 0,5 0,9mm ty theo bn knh phc v p ng yu cu v tc dch v bng rng, cn lu trn mt i dy thu bao khng c qu 2 ln thay i c dy. - T cp phi t v tr hp l, tin cho vic s dng v khng nh hng ti m quan th; T cp phi t trn gi bng st v c c nh vo ct, nhng ni khng c ct th phi xy b chc chn, dng b loong c nh t cp vo b. - Ti cc t, hp cp phi thc hin vic tip t chng st cho cp v tip t cho cc mn che tnh in ca cc cp, vic tip t chng st cho cp phi trnh xa im tip t ca cc trm bin th in v cc nh cao tng t 20m tr nn. Phin u dy trang b ti cc gi MDF, cc t cp phi r ngun gc, c y thuyt minh cc ch tiu k thut, trnh hng gi nh hng n cht lng truyn dn ca cc dch v vin thng. - i vi nhng ni c c tim nng pht trin dch xDSL m cp ng khng p ng c cc ch tiu v suy hao th c th dng cp quang + thit b truy nhp + cp ng.
Hnh 2 Cu trc mng truy nhp c cp quang Cc im kt ni bao gm: - OLT: B kt cui ng dy quang. - ONU: n v mng quang. - SDP: im phn phi thu bao (hp cp).
- Nghin cu d liu. - Phn tch khuynh hng nhu cu. - Xc nh k thut d bo. 3.3 D bo k thut ADSL D bo s tin trin ca k thut ADSL: ADSL, RADSL, Reach DSL, ADSL2, ADSL2+ v d bo s tin trin ca cng ngh, thit b ADSL cng nh gi thnh. 3.4 Con ng tin trin ca DSL
Hnh . 3 Con ng tin trin ca DSL - T modem analog sang ADSL: mc ch ca ngi s dng l tng tc
truy xut Internet, trong khi mc ch ca cc nh iu hnh v khai thc mng l
chuyn lu lng truy xut Internet ra khi mng chuyn mch PSTN. Vi ADSL cng ty khai thc in thoi khng phi u t nng cp tng i, to iu kin cho vic cnh tranh vi cable modem ca mng in thoi v cng hnh thnh mt mi trng cnh tranh lnh mnh gia ILEC v cc CLEC. - T cc DLC chuyn sang ADSL: theo thng k th 15% s thu bao in thoi c kt ni vi tng i in thoi ni ht qua cc b DLC. Cc b DLC khng truyn ti tn hiu di tn 1,104 MHz ca ADSL. Gii php tt nht cho cc b DLC l trin khai cc remote DSLAM ti cc RT ca DLC. - T ISDN sang ADSL: ISDN nm trong di tn upstream ca ADSL nn phi tht ch ti cc xuyn knh ISDN v ADSL. - T ADSL ti DLC th h mi (NGDLC): phn b ha vic chuyn mch, p dng cc ng truyn Ethernet 10Base-T, 100Base-T hay cp quang. Cc DLC p ng nhu cu ca dn chng cc nc pht trin sng ngy cng xa trung tm thnh ph, cc vng ngoi . DLC th h mi h tr dch v thoi gi cc dch v thng tin s qua ATM. - T ADSL ti VDSL: Trong vi nm na cp quang s tr nn ph bin. Bn cnh nhu cu v cc dch v i hi tc cao cng tng vt. Trong khi
th VDSL trin khai nhanh hn Ethernet v VDSL cng c tc gn bng cp quang. 3.5 Quy hoch cht lng ADSL Quy hoch cht lng ADSL da trn 3 tiu chun: - Tc nghn kt ni (overbooking). - cch ly gia cc thu bao. - Thc hin cht lng c bo m. T l tc nghn kt ni ph thuc vo 4 yu t. l: s thu bao tng cng
khi quy hoch, s thu bao ca tng dch v cng tc d liu ti a, dung lng tng cng vo gi cao im khi tt c u on-line v h s ghp thng k
DSLAM l gii php qun l lu lng tin tin gip tng mt thu bao.
Cch ly thu bao: cc loi d liu bao gm: UBR, GFR, CBR, VBR. Cng
nhiu thu bao vo mng th cht lng ca UBR (thng l dn dng) cng gim. C ch qun l ca ATM khng phn bit cc loi VC trong mt VP. cch ly thu bao c tt th phi hnh thnh cc virtual tunnel trong cc VP. Hnh thnh mc u tin cho cc virtual tunnel s gip mng ATM khng b i cc cell mt cch lng ph. Thc hin c bo m cht lng: bo m cho cc thu bao nhn c lu lng cao nht, khng b chim dng ti nguyn, khng ln chim cc thu bao khc. Trong chuyn mch VC ngi ta s dng c ch EPD/PPD: v cc gi IP b hng phi c truyn li lm tr d liu ca khch hng. Cc b tp trung DSLAM dng VP switching phi c c ch bo v lu lng IP ring VP access layer. GFR l dng cho cc thu bao cn tc thp nht v cn chnh xc nht bng c ch EPD/PPD. Hnh thnh mc u tin cho tng virtual tunnel s bo m tc . 3.6 Qui hoch cu hnh mng ADSL Da vo cc s liu kho st v d bo cc bc trc xy dng nn cu hnh mt mng ADSL vi v tr chnh xc ni t thc t ca cc thit b v s kt ni gia cc thit b, dung lng ca tng tuyn kt ni.
3.7 Qui hoch thit b ADSL Kho st c tnh, chc nng v gi c ca cc thit b hin c trn th trng, sau so snh v i chiu vi cu hnh mng chn ra thit b ph hp nht, m bo cho cc d bo cc bc trc. Mt s thit b thng dng trn th trng hin nay nh:
- DSLAM IP4800 ca hng Paradyne: da trn giao tip IP, mi tng modem IP4800 c ti a 48 port ADSL. IP4800 c kh nng xp chng 8 tng to to thnh ti a 384 port ADSL. Vi mi port ADSL chiu upstream ti a
E3/T3/STM-1...ti cc DSLAM.
- CO-Splitter ca hng Paradyne: mt khung CO-Splitter ny thng c
nhiu b khe cm card CO-Splitter, mt b c 6 khe cm. - Mt s IAD thng dng nh: Carrier Access Corp. ABII, GVN D'Lite 440, Premisys IMACS, Premisys StreamLine, VINA Multiservice Xchange.
cung cp cc dch v bng rng xDSL. a. Cc yu cu kim tra ng dy thu bao cung cp xDSL: - Khng c cun cm. - Khng c dy h mch. - Khng c cc dy ngn mch.
- Khng c cc i dy b ch. Mt i dy c gi l b ch nu ti im
ni mt dy ca i dy b ni vi mt dy ca i dy khc. Khi nhiu xuyn m gia hai i dy s tng ng k v cht lng truyn dn ca dch v xDSL
dy thu bao s c thm suy hao tn hiu. S suy hao ny xy ra v nng lng tn
hiu ca b phn pht b phn x ti kt cui h mch ca nhnh cu, gy ra suy hao phn x. Suy hao tn hiu ny ph thuc vo tn s tn hiu, tc truyn lan tn hiu v di ca cc nhnh cu. Nu cht lng truyn dn b suy gim nghim trng th phi tho b cc nhnh cu. Khi c nhiu nhnh cu, s lng
nhnh cu cn ph thuc vo di ca cc nhnh cu. b.Cc yu cu o kim ng dy thu bao cung cp xDSL - Suy hao truyn dn ca ng dy thu bao:
Cc gi tr suy hao truyn dn ca ng dy thu bao khng c ln hn
cc gi tr c qui nh trong bng .4.1 Loi DSL Tn s o, KHz Gi tr suy hao truyn dn cc i, dB HDSL 150 30 SHDSL 200 25 ADSL G.Lite 1,5Mb/s 300 60 ADSL Fullrate 6Mb/s 300 40 Hnh 4 .1Cc gi tr suy hao truyn dn cc i ca ng dy thu bao s - H s suy hao truyn dn ca ng dy thu bao: Cc h s suy hao truyn dn ca ng dy thu bao khng c ln hn cc gi tr c qui nh trong bng 4.2. H s suy hao truyn dn, dB Tn s o, KHz 40 300 150 200 0,4 9,0 12,0 13,0 14,6 0,5 6,2 8,5 9,5 11,0 Hnh 4.2 Cc h s suy hao truyn dn ca ng dy thu bao - in tr mch vng mt chiu cc i ca ng dy thu bao: Cc gi tr in tr mch vng mt chiu ca ng dy thu bao khng c ln hn cc gi tr c qui nh trong bng 4.3 ng knh dy dn, mm Loi xDSL HDSL SHDSL ADSL G.Lite 1,5Mb/s in tr mch vng mt chiu cc i ca ng dy thu bao, ng knh 0,4mm ng knh 0,5mm 620 700 460 532 956 1148
ADSL Fullrate 6Mb/s 637 756 Hnh 4.3 Cc gi tr in tr mch vng mt chiu cc i - H s in tr mch vng mt chiu cc i ca ng dy thu bao: H s in tr mch vng mt chiu cc i ca ng dy thu bao i vi dy dn ng knh 0,4mm l 280 /Km, i vi dy dn ng knh 0,5mm l 177 /Km. - Xuyn m: Xuyn m xut hin do suy hao ghp gia cc i trong cun cp c gi tr
hu hn, c bit l cc i gn k nhau. Xuyn m bao gm xuyn m u gn (NEXT) v xuyn m u xa (FEXT). Cc gi tr tng suy hao xuyn m (PSL) cc tiu ca ng dy thu bao phi tha mn cc gi tr c qui nh trong
bng 4.4. Tng suy hao xuyn m xa Tng suy hao xuyn m u (NEXT PSL) gn cc tiu, dB (FEXT PSL) gn cc tiu, dB 150 56 54 300 52 48 1000 44 38 Hnh 4.4 Cc gi tr tng suy hao xuyn m cc tiu ca ng dy thu bao - Mt cn bng so vi t: Mt cn bng so vi t ca ng dy thu bao c nh gi qua thng s suy hao bin i dc. Tn s o, kHz
Suy hao bin i dc ca ng dy thu bao chn trin khai ADSL phi
tha mn cc gi tr sau: + Tn s o: 251104 KHz. + Suy hao bin i dc cc tiu: 40 dB. + Tr khng: 40 . - Nhiu xung t cc h thng khc:
Nhiu xung t cc h thng khc cng hot ng trn mt cun cp phi
thc hin trc khi a dch v DSL n khch hng. tng ti a thu nhp ca mnh, i ng tip th dch v c th nh hng khch hng qua cht lng ng dy thu bao c o kim trc. Vic o th trc hp ng thng bao gm: nghin cu v tr a l, nghin cu h s cp v kim tra cp kim loi. - Nghin cu v tr a l: Nghin cu v tr a l bao gm mt bn v mt cy thc. Cng vic ny bao gm vic tm kim cc khch hng nm trong tm 5,5Km k t tng i. Ch ring vic nghin cu v tr a l khng em li hiu qu nhiu, v thng 70 n 80 phn trm s trng hp cn phi c o th thm. - Nghin cu h s cp: Nghin cu h s cp bao gm vic xem xt h s cp vi cc vng thu bao c di di 5,5Km m khng c cun ti hay cc nhn t bt li khc cho truyn dn tn hiu DSL. Nu h s cp cho thy ng dy thu bao l tt th t l 80 n 90 phn trm cc trng hp cung cp dch v DSL thnh cng. Nhng tht khng may l cc tng i t nhn th khng qun l h s cp trong khi cc tng i nh nc do lch s ln n hn trm nm nn tht lc h s cp rt nhiu. - o th cp kim loi: Vic o th cp kim loi trc hp ng bao gm vic s dng cc thit b o xc nh cc c tnh ca vng thu bao c th. C hai phng php thc hin l o mt u ti tng i v o hai u ti tng i v ti v tr thu bao. o th cp kim loi ch nhm mc ch xem th vng thu bao c th truyn dn c tn hiu DSL hay khng ch khng thc hin bt c mt sa cha no trn vng thu bao. Vic o th ng dy bao gm vic s dng cc thit b o th nh gi cht lng ng dy. b. o th trc lp t: Sau khi khch hng c qung co dch v cc CLEC cn phi thc hin o th trc lp t (pre-installation testing). Cc CLEC thng khng c
ng dy thu bao ti khch hng cho ti khi c cc ILEC cung cp. Vic o th trc lp t c th c thc hin sau khi ILEC chuyn ng dy thu bao cho CLEC. Nu vng thu bao khng p ng yu cu ti thiu cho tn hiu DSL th CLEC phi loi b ng dy bng cch xin thm mt ng dy khc hay thng bo cho khch hng l khng th thc hin cung cp dch v c. Vic o th trc lp t cng c th thc hin mt u hay hai u. c. o th khi lp t: Mt vi kiu dch v DSL cho php khch hng t lp t modem v cc b lc tn hiu trn ng dy. Khi khch hng mun t lp cc thit b nh vy th c th thnh cng hay tht bi. Khi khng t lp t c th khch hng gi c khc phc v nh vy ng dy thu bao phi c o th khi lp t (installation testing). d. o th xc nhn sau khi lp t: Sau khi khch hng c c dch v DSL nh mong mun th c nhiu yu t nh hng ti dch v v s chp nhn ca khch hng, v d nh: - Thi tit ma lm gim tc s liu hay thm ch ngn cn dch v. - S c trn ng dy cp kim loi nh hng ti dch v. - Trong mi trng tn ti c ILEC v CLEC th c kh nng ILEC i ng dy thu bao m khng thng bo trc. - Nhiu cm ng lm cho tc truyn s liu trn ng dy thu bao gim xung. - Ngi hng xm ca thu bao c c dch v vi tc tn hiu nhanh hn lm khch hng c ngh ng dy ca mnh ang ngy cng chm i. H s ca ng dy thu bao ang o th rt cn thit cung cp cc php o ng n cho ng dy thu bao. Vic ghi li h s lc tin hnh lp t l cn thit sau ny ngi thc hin o kim c th so snh. Do vy ngay sau khi lp t thnh cng phi thc hin bc o th xc nhn sau khi lp t (postinstallation support testing). Vic o th c th thc hin bng ba phng php: o th hai u, o th mt u v o th qua thit b cung cp dch v nh DSLAM chng hn. 4.2 Cc php o th nh gi cht lng ng dy thu bao s C hai phng php o th ng dy thu bao s l o th mt u v o th hai u. o th mt u l o t tng i v cung cp cc thng tin v bt li trn ng dy nh cun ti, ngn mch, ni t o th mt u cho kt qu tin cy v kh nng dung np dch v DSL ca ng dy thu bao. Phng php o th hai u cn phi c nhn vin k thut ti tn nh thu bao s dng cc dng c o th cm tay lin lc vi cc thit b o th tng i. o th hai
ca i dy hoc thc hin php o phn x min thi gian TDR. b. in dung (Php o CAP): Php o tip theo cn thc hin l php o in dung i dy. Php o ny m bo rng i dy b h mch hay ngn mch. Nu gi tr in dung i dy ln hn 2 mF th i dy b ngn mch. S dng php o in tr (OHM) kim tra li. Sau , thc hin php o TDR xc nh v tr ngn mch ca i dy. Php o in dung (CAP) c th cung cp di ca i dy (tnh t u o n u h mch) khi chng ta s dng cng thc qui i l 51 nF =1 km. Nu gi tr di thu c l ngn hoc di hn di danh nh th i dy b t dy. Khi di ca i dy ch 3 km v c mt nhnh cu di 1 km th gi tr in dung s tng ng in dung ca i dy 4 km v gi tr in dung o c bng tng in dung ca i dy v nhnh cu. Do , php o in dung cho php pht hin cc nhnh cu. c. in p mt chiu (Php o DCV): Php o tip theo l o in p mt chiu. Khi o in p mt chiu ti mt u ca mt i dy v h mch u kia ca i dy m thu c cc gi tr in p gia cc dy tip-ring l -48 VDC, ring-t l +48 VDC v tip-t l 0 VDC th c th kt lun l dy ring b tip xc vi mt dy no . Tip theo thc hin php o TDR xc nh v tr tip xc ny. d. in p xoay chiu (Php o ACV): Php o tip theo l o in p xoay chiu. Php o ny kim tra xem i dy c chu nh hng ca ngun in p no khng. Cc gi tr in p xoay chiu phi nh hn 5VAC. e. in tr mch vng (Loop Resistance): Php o in tr mch vng kim tra in tr mch vng ca i dy ( ni dy tip v ring ti u xa). in tr mch vng cung cp dch v ADSL khng c ln hn 1300 . Php o in tr mch vng cng c s dng xc nh di i dy (v d xem hnh 4.1).
Hnh 4.1 Php o in tr mch vng f. Pht hin cun cm (COIL DETECTION): Bc tip theo l pht hin cc cun cm mc trn i dy. Bn cht cc cun cm l cc b lc thng thp. Chng lm tng phm vi phc v dch v thoi
nhng li hn ch nghim trng dch v DSL. Do , phi pht hin v loi b cc cun cm trc khi thc hin trin khai dch v DSL hay cc dch v s dng tn
s cao.
Cng c pht hin cun cm (COIL DETECTION) cho php pht hin c cun cm c mc trn i dy hay khng v nu c th s lng cc cun cm l bao nhiu. Khi pht hin c cun cm c mc trn i dy th thc hin php o TDR xc nh v tr cun cm. Khi c nhiu cun cm c mc trn i dy th thc hin php o TDR xc nh v tr v tho b cun cm u tin. Tip theo, thc hin li php o TDR xc nh v tr v tho b cun cm tip theo c mc trn i dy. Tip tc thc hin th tc ny cho ti khi tt c
Reflectometer):
Php o TDR hot ng theo phng php pht mt xung ln trn i dy v sau o cc tn hiu phn x tr li. Cc tn hiu phn x xut hin do nhng thay i tr khng ca i dy m tr khng ca i dy b thay i li do i dy c nhnh cu, cun cm, b h mch,ngn mch hay b ch i. u im chnh ca php o TDR l kh nng pht hin v tr li chnh xc. Trong khi cng c
pht hin cun cm (COIL DETECTION) ch pht hin c cun cm mc trn i dy th php o TDR li cho php xc nh v tr cun cm mt cch chnh xc.
Tn hiu xut hin nh hng ln dch v trn mn hnh DSL php o TDR Hnh 4.2a Hnh 4.2b Hnh 4.2c Hnh 4.2d Hnh 4.2e Suy gim cht lng
Ngn cn hon ton vic Pht hin cun cm cung cp dch v DSL Ngn cn hon ton vic o in tr mt chiu hay cung cp dch v DSL in dung Ngn cn hon ton vic o in tr mt chiu hay cung cp dch v DSL in tr mch vng Suy gim cht lng in p mt chiu
Ch i dy
5.2 Nguyn tc la chn gii php k thut Vic la chn gii php k thut da trn c s cc yu t chnh sau : - Ph hp vi cu trc mng hin c v vi iu kin thc t ca c s h
tng k thut v: Kin trc nh trm, mt bng phng my, v tr lp t ca cc
ti; nhm bo m an ton k thut, tit kim nht v chi ph u t, bao gm: c
s h tng kin trc nh trm, mng truyn dn, mng ngoi vi, h thng chng
mng; Thng nht v d liu gc, ngun ti nguyn; Thng nht vn hnh, khai thc v qun l; Thng nht v cc chng trnh phn mm, x l, iu khin.
+ Tnh m rng ca h thng: H thng c th tip tc pht trin, nng cp v mt cu trc cng nh k thut khi c nhu cu tng cao; C kh nng m rng
+ Tnh kinh t ca h thng: m bo cc yu cu v k thut, hin i, nhng khng lng ph khi s dng cc thit b trong khi nhu cu, trnh cha
cho php s dng ht cc tnh nng; m bo lng vn u t khng ln, nhng
vn xy dng c mt mng hon chnh p ng y cc yu cu, nhu cu. + K hoch pht trin hp l: hon thin ton b mng l mt qu trnh
pht trin dn dn, khng th trin khai u t t, m cn phi tp trung hon
thin nhng khu trng im, nhng ni thc s c nhu cu ,phi u t cc k thut, cng ngh tin tin, hin i; C k hoch nng cp, m rng h
thng ph hp vi cc giai on pht trin trong tng khu vc; C k hoch o to ngun nhn lc c nng lc, trnh qun l, khai thc, bo dng h
thng.
Hnh 5.1 M hnh kt ni h thng cung cp dch v ADSL Kt ni gia B-RAS vi h thng qun l v cung cp dch v (Data Center)
theo dng hnh sao. Giao din kt ni l Fast Ethernet/Giga Ethernet (quang) theo cu hnh 2+0. Cc FE/GE c phn b trn hai tuyn si khc nhau (phn tp)
m bo an ton mng.
Kt ni gia B-RAS vi mng Internet: S dng giao din FE/GE v cng
c phng n kt ni d phng m bo an ton mng. Kt ni gia cc DSLAM-Hub ln MSS, ln B-RAS v ln mng trc: Cc
DSLAM- Hub c kt ni ln MSS thc hin phng thc kt ni theo kiu hnh sao. Giao din kt ni c s dng l n x E1 hoc n x STM-1 (in hoc
quang) ty thuc vo mt thu bao ADSL, dung lng truyn dn SDH v si quang hin c ca mi khu vc; kt ni gia MSS v BRAS l STM -1. Kt ni gia cc DSLAM : Ty thuc vo dung lng DSLAM v h tng mng truyn dn hin c, c th s dng phng php kt ni sau:
- Kt ni DSLAM dng chui : S dng cho nhng vng c truyn dn cp
DSLAM, kt ni s dng giao din n x E1. 5.3.2 Chc nng ca h thng cung cp dch v ADSL
Mng ADSL c thit k thuc lp truy nhp dch v, c chc nng tp trung lu lung kt ni truy nhp ca khch hng truyn ti ln mng ng
Cu trc tng th h thng cung cp dch v ADSL gm hai lp: Lp truy nhp v truyn ti dch v ADSL; lp qun l v cung cp dch v ADSL. a. Lp qun l v cung cp dch v ADSL: Lp ny bao gm cc chc nng sau:
- H thng my ch cung cp ni dung nh web server, game server, video server, VoD servery l h thng cc my ch cu hnh mnh c kh nng
p ng y cc dch v mng.
- H thng qun l DSLAM (EMS): h thng ny c t chc nhm m bo tnh thng nht v tp trung trn ton mng, cung cp cc ng dng thc
ngi s dng.
- My ch qun l mng NMS: l mt dng clustering server; c kh nng
phn cp qun l mng theo nhiu cp an ninh khc nhau; c phn mm qun l
li, ci t cu hnh, h tr tnh cc, kim sot cht lng v anh ninh mng; c kh nng thc hin cc thao tc qun tr qua giao din web, h tr qun l t xa
qua dial-up.
- My ch bc tng la Firewall Server: h tr VPN, NAT, an ton phi c chng thc bi cc t chc an ninh quc t, c kh nng lc bo v theo a
ch, theo dch v, theo ngi dngv.v. b. Lp truyn ti v truy nhp dch v ADSL: Lp ny bao gm cc chc nng sau:
- Thit b chuyn mch a dch v MSS: b sung kh nng chuyn mch
gia cc thu bao trong cng DSLAM HUB; thit lp mng DDN h tr nhu cu kt ni knh ring; tp trung lu lng t cc DSLAM trc khi a ln BRAS. - Thit b truy nhp t xa bng rng BRAS: Thit b tp trung ny c kh nng h tr a dng cc giao tip kt ni, c kh nng x l rt cao nhm gim thiu cc kt ni logic (PVC), tp trung cc PVC n t DSLAM Hub vo mt hoc vi PVC, do cho php kt cui c hng ngn kt ni PPP cng lc t pha khch hng. - Thit b tp trung lu lng truy nhp DSLAM Hub: L mt thit b c chc nng tp trung lng truy nhp t cc thit b ghp knh DSLAM truyn ti ln lp trn (B-RAS) v ngc li. Ngoi ra, DSLAM-Hub cn c chc nng
ghp knh truy nhp (ging nh DSLAM) v trc tip cung cp cng kt ni ti cc khch hng trong khu vc phc v. - Thit b ghp knh truy nhp (DSLAM) : L mt thit b ghp knh c
chc nng trc tip cung cp cng kt ni ti khch hng. y l thit b tp trung cc ng thu bao ring l truyn ti ln lp trn (DSLAMHub/MSS/B-
RAS) v ngc li. Do k thut ADSL s dng kt ni trc tip n vng lp v v khong cch
gii hn ca cc vng lp trong cng ngh DSL, nn cc DSLAM thng c t ti cc CO (cc nt chuyn mch). Dung lng ca DSLAM ph thuc vo
qua giao din STM-1/ STM-4 quang hoc in ), ng thi phi c kh nng kt ni mng din rng c th trin khai cc dch v kt ni mng (VPN, v.v). - Cc thit b DSLAM/DSLAM-Hub v B-RAS phi c kh nng kt ni
c vi cc MSS, s dng th tc truyn thng MPLS trn mng Backbone,
thu bao trong cng mt vng ca MSS th lu lng ny s c chuyn ngay ti MSS m khng cn phi ln B-RAS x l nhm gim ti cho B-RAS.
1MS
T1A1
H1A1A1
M DF
T1B1
T1B2
H1B2A1 H1B2B1
Cp phi cp 1
Cp phi cp 2
Ghi ch: TCCC: T cp chng chy MS: Mng sng MDF: Gi phi tuyn chnh : T cp : Hp cp
MDF: Gi phi tuyn chnh ti mi trm lp t cc bloc inside v bloc outside u cp v i dy nhy. TCCC: T cp chng chy ti mi trm u cp nhp i v cp ngoi mng. MS: Mng song cp u ni cp r v ni thng T cp: Dung lng t 100x2-800x2 dng u cp phi. Hp cp: Dung lng 20x2-50x2 u dy cp thu bao. Ct beton: Dng treo cp v dy sub thu bao. Cng b cp: thi cng cp ngm cho cc tuyn cp chnh v khu vc ng dn c.
Dy nhy
BLOC IN 128x2
MDF
MS TCCC TCCC
Cp ni i
STT
600 (m)
400 (m)
38438
300 (m)
19285 2822 7573
200 (m)
35495 7587 12062
100 (m)
32613 14397 13779
50 (m)
72342 22973 31671
30 (m)
57451 23019 18145
20 (m)
10274 1013 2835
10 (m)
730 3200 680
1 2 3
1630 3710
4 5
840
11592 916
30520
69902
Bng6..1 c im cp ng ang s dng ti Trung tm VT Ha Thnh - Cp ngm s dng loi cp ng knh 0,4mm, 0,5mm - Cp treo s dng cp ng knh 0,5mm. - S lng cp chnh ti TT VT Ha Thnh l 18,550m v cp phi l 248,078m cp cc loi. - Cc loi cp ang s dng u l cp c du chng thm.
Hnh 6.3 S tng th mng cp trm Th trn VT Ha Thnh Mng cp ng ti Trung tm Vin thng Ha Thnh hin nay c qun l bng phn mm Qun l mng cp chy trn my tnh ni mng.
S B C N G B C P T R M V I N T H N G T H T- R N H A T H N H T H U C T R U N G T M V I N T H N G H A T H N H
N gu yn H u
B2A9A3
H m Y a m a h a n g P h n g
H m T o le N g c T h m
C n g V i n H a Thnh
H m H n g D u y V V n T n
B2A9A2
B 2A 8 A 1
B2A9
B2A1A1 B2A8 B2A7 B2A6 B2A5 B2A4 B2A3 H n g V n g B2A5A1 B2A2A1 B2A2 B2A1
B2A9A1 C h u V n L i m
B2A1 0
P h m V n ng
H m X u n H i
H m B o Ch u
T r m T h T r n
H m
B2A11 N g u y n T ri P h n g
1
Th T n g
T r n g L T h n g K i t
H m
B6A1 6 L T h n g K i t
GH I CH
B c 3 a n h i n c p B c 2 h in c p B c 1 h i n c p
6- H thng ng ct treo cp
Ton b h thng cp vin thng c u t ct treo cp ring bit m bo an ton v thun li ko dy pht trin thu bao. Cc loi ct s dng ct b tng theo tiu chun ngnh: 2 loi ct ang c s dng ct trn v ct vung (lai ct 6,5m; 7,3m; ct 7m v 8m dng vt ng). TC 05-04-2008-KT Tng s ct b tng/ di tuyn ct: 6859 ct/ 274.280m H thng tuyn ct b tng hin nay ti trung tm qun l bng th cng.
S T N G T H H I N T R N G C T7 N M T H T R N H A 97 T R G T H N H T H U C T R U N G T M V I N T H N G H A T H N H -
H m Y a m ah a n g
H m T o le N g c T h m
H m X u n H i
C h u V n L i m
H n g V n g
P h m V n n g
H m B o C h u
P h n g
l S a H La n
H m H n g Du y
V V n T n
C ng V i n Ha Th n h
C a1
H m2
T h T n g
T r m T h T r n
N g u y n T ri P h n g
H m1
Trng L T h n g K i t
C h i c h
C t tr , n i h i n c C t vu n g h i n c
i th x T y N in h
Cp mng
My trm cha chng trnh ci win 9x, 2000, Xp,
64 MB,
My ch trung gian (Proxy DataBase)
in thoi
My trm cha chng trnh ci win 9x, 2000, Xp,
MNG LAN
My trm cha chng trnh ci win 9x, 2000, Xp,
Ci t m y ch : M S_SQ L 6.5 Ci t m y trm : ODBC, chng trnh khong 5M B. M y ch trm : Ci proxy server . Chng trnh c thit k dng phn cp ngi s dng, tu theo chc nng ngi dng m cp cho quyn ring. 3.2 NG NHP VO H THNG: s dng chng trnh, ngi s dng phi c quyn truy cp vo h thng. Sau khi khi ng chng trnh ta nhp vo nt chc nng m t khu trn thanh toolbar, chng hin ra hp thoi:
H nh 3.1. Ca s ng nhp
Ngi s dng nhp tn truy cp (ID ), m t khu v nhp chut tri vo nt c biu tng cha kha hoc nhn phm Enter, chng trnh s kim tra nu ng tn truy cp v m t khu ca s ng nhp s t ng m t i v hin th m n hnh chnh ca chng trnh. Trong trng hp tn truy cp v m t khu khng chch xc, chng trnh s hin ra thng bo :
Ngi s dng ng nhp li. 3.3. S DNG CHNG TRNH: 3.3.1. Nhp liu :
H nh 3.2 . cc chc nng ca m enu Nhp m t kt cui m i: Cch chnN hp liu | nhp t-hp :
Hnh 3.3. Thm t -hp cp Chc nng: Gip nhp thng tin c tnh kt cui cp, lu nhng thay i thng tin v kt cui c hoc xo mt kt cui. - Nhp m i m t kt cui: ta chn m t trong nm loi hnh nhp (t, hp, M DF, M .s ), nhp cc thng tin (tn t-hp cp, v tr t t-hp u, nm s dng t-hp, loi v t-hp, cht lng, dung lng, phin ). Sau khi nhp cc thng tin hp l ta nhp vo nt Lu d liu, chng trnh s lu kt cui m i. - Sa i thng tin kt cui c: y c hai cch chn m t kt cu c l nhp vo nt tm hoc nt lit k. - Nu chn nt ta phi nhp tn t-hp vo tn t-hp sau nhp nt tm . tm - Nu chn nt lit k - chng trnh s lit k nhng t -hp cp c v lc ny ta nhp vo cc nt trc sau hoc u cui chn t-hp m m nh m un sa i. - Sau khi sa i cc thng tin ta nhp vo nt lu sa i lu li nhng sa i ca kt cui tng ng. - Xa m t kt cui :cc bc chn m t kt cui cn xa ging cc bc phn sa i thng tin kt cui v sau ta nhp vo nt xa. - Cui cng Nhp vo m enu kt thc ng form ang lm vic.
Hnh 3.4 . Thm si cp - Chc nng: gip nhp m i m t si cp, lu nhng thay i thng tin v si cp c hoc xa m t si cp. - Nhp m i m t si cp: Nhp cc thng tin (tn si cp, chiu di, ngun vn, ni sn xut, dung lng, loi cp(chn loi cp treo, ngm ), nm s dng ). Sau khi nhp cc thng . tin hp l ta nhp vo nt Lu d liu chng trnh s lu si cp m i - Sa i thng tin si cp c: y c hai cch chn m t si cp c l nhp vo nt tm hoc nt lit k. - Nu chn nt tm ta phi nhp tn si cp vo tn si cp (v d:T1A 3 H 1A3A1) sau nhp nt tm .
Hnh 3.5 . Tm si cp - Nu chn nt lit k - s lit k nhng si cp c v lc ny ta cc nt trc vo nhp sau hoc u cui chn si cp m m nh m un sa i. Sau khi sa i cc thng tin ta nhp vo nt lu sa i lu li nhng sa i.
- Xa m t si cp: cc bc chn m t si cp tn ti ging cc bc phn sa i thng tin v si cp v sau ta nhp vo nt xa. - Cui cng N hp vo kt thc ng form ang lm vic.
Thm u ni cp :
H nh3.6. u ni cp - Chc nng: khi ta chn tng i, chn tuyn lc m chc nng ny kt cui s hin th danh sch cc kt . cui - Chn si cp vo: s lit k tt c cc si cp vo kt cui. - Si cp ras lit k tt c si cp ra kt cui. : - i cp volit k tt c i cp cha u ni cn tt ca si cp vo tng ng. : - i cp ra: lit k tt c i cp cha u ni cn tt cha u ni ca si cp ra tng ng. - u ni chn m t hoc nhiu i cp vo, chn m t hoc nhiu i cp ra - nhn nt : u cp. - Xa cp: nhp ch s u cp vo 'i cp t ' v 'n' (nu ch xa m t cp u ni th ch s 2 l nh nhau) - i cp vo h: lit k tt c cp h ca cp vo tng ng. - i cp ra h: lit k tt c cp h ca cp ra tng ng.
- Chuyn i i cp tt v chn m t hoc nhiu i cp tt - click chut phi - di : h chuyn chut n ca s hin i cp h v click chut tri. Thc hin thao tc tng t khi chuyn t h sang tt - Nt lit k: chn nt lit k lc s lit k danh sch thu bao ko ra t kt cui hin ti. Cn nu ta chn nt lit k < -- > s lit k li gm si cp vo, si cp ra v th t u ni hin c. - Trong hp thoi ta chn tin ch | xem -sa thay i hp cp chung trnh s hin ra hp thoi.
H nh 37 . Sa i thng tin kt cui . - Chc nng: gip m thay i cc thng tin v kt cui bng cch nhp vo cc v nh xe li d liu m i. - Sau khi thay i thng tin chn nt lu sa i cp nht m i kt cui ny. Thm tuyn cp: Cch chnN hp liu | tuyn cp :
Hnh 3.8. Thm tuyn cp. - Chc nng: gip nhp m i m t tuyn cp, lu nhng thay i thng tin v tuyn cp c hoc xa m t tuyn cp. - N hp m i m t tuyn :cp Chn tng i, lc ny m tuyn s hin m tuyn t ng trong m i ln to tuyn cp m i, nhp tn tuyn cp vo tn tuyn (v d tuyn th x). Sau khi chn v nhp cc thng tin hp l ta nhp vo nt Lu d liu chng trnh s lu tuyn cp m i. - Sa i thng tin tuyn cp c: y ta nhp vo nt trc sau u cui chn tuyn cp cn s i. - Sau khi sa i cc thng tin ta nhp vo nt lu sa i lu li nhng sa i. - Xa m t tuyn cp cng nhp vo cc nt trc,sau, u, cui chn m t tuyn cp : Ta ta m un xa v sau ta nhp vo nt xa. Cui cng Nhp vo kt thc ng form ang lm vic. Chn im un : - Cch chnNhp liu | chn im un : - Chc nngsau khi chn chc nng ny biu tng chut tr thnh du cng. Lc trn : s ta chn hai im un k nhau v click chut tri vo ni ta m un chn im un . Di chuyn im un : - Cch chn: Nhp liu | di chuyn im un - Chc nngcho php dch chuyn im un trn s bng cch click chut tri vo : im un v r chut n ni ta mun di chuyn n trn s . Xa im un : - Cch chnNhp liu | xa im un : - Chc nngcho php xa im un trn s bng cch click chut tri vo im un ta : cn xa trn s . Di chuyn kt cui hnh sao : - Cch ch N hp liu | di chuyn kt cui sao n: hnh - Chc nngCho php di chuyn kt cui bng cch click chut tri vo kt cui v r : chut n ni ta m un di chuyn kt cui n. Di chuyn si cp : - Cch chnNhp liu | di chuyn si cp. : - Chc nng: Cho php di chuyn si cp bng cch click chut tri vo si cp v r chut n ni ta m un di chuyn si cp. 3.3.2 Tin ch: Chn ng thng: - Cch chntin ch | chn ng thng : - Chc nngtrong trng hp ng thng, ng trn, k t nm gn nhau. Chc nng : ny cho php ch chn ng thng. Chn ng trn:
- Cch chntin ch | chn ng thng : - Chc nng: trong trng hp thng, ng trn, k t nm gn nhau. Chc nng ng ny cho php ch chn ng trn. Chn k t: - Cch chntin ch | chn ng thng : - Chc nng: trong trng hp thng, ng trn, k t nm gn nhau. Chc nng ng ny cho php ch chn nh k t. Bt hin th thc v: - Cch chntin ch | bt hin th thc v. : - Chc nng: cho hin thc v v ta da vo kch thc ca thc v canh v v s nhanh, chnh xc hn. Tt hin th thc v: - Cch chntin ch | tt hin th thc v. : - Chc nngcho php tt hin th thc v khi ta khng cn dng thc v. : Bt ch m ouse t ng: - Cch chn: tin ch | bt ch m ouse t ng. - Chc nng: cho php t ng di chuyn s khi di chuyn chut hoc r chut n thanh ngang hay thanh dc. Tt ch m ouse t ng: - Cch chn: tin ch | tt ch m ouse t ng . - Chc nng: cho php tt ch m ouse t ng khi ta khng m un s dch chuyn khi di chuyn chut hoc re chut n thanh ngang hay thanh dc. 3.3.3 Phn t cp: Chn t-hp cp: . Cch chn: phn t cp | chn t-hp cp - Chc nng: trong trng hp cc t cp, si cp v im un gn st nhau chc nng ny cho php chn t cp khi nhp vo.
H nh 3.9. Chn t hp cp
Chn si cp theo t-hp cp: - Cch chn: phn t cp | chn si cp theo t-hp cp. - Chc nng: Tng t nh trong trng hp trn chc ny cho php chn si cp theo t hp cp. Chn si cp: - Cch chn: phn t cp | chn si cp. - Chc nng: Tng t nh trong trng hp trn chc ny cho php chn si cp. H in th s si cp: - Cch chn: phn t cp | Hin th s si cp. - Chc nng: Trong 4.8. thy ch s 1,2.. l ch s hin th s si cp i qua. Chc hnh Ta nng ny cho php hin th hoc khng hin th ch s ny. Bt hin th si cp: - Cch chn: phn t cp | bt hin th si cp. - Chc nng: khi chn chc nng ny s hin th si cp chn. Tt hin th si cp: - Cch chn: phn t cp | tt hin th si cp. - Chc nng: tt hin th si cp chn.