BI TP PHN AXIT CACBOXYLIC Cu 1.

Cho hn hp A gm axit axetic v axit fomic tham gia phn ng vi 100ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Mt khc nu hn hp phn ng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 th thu c 10,8g Ag. Thnh phn % theo khi lng ca hn hp l: A.HCOOH 56,6%, CH3COOH 43,4% B.HCOOH 26,6%, CH3COOH 73,4% C.HCOOH 43,4%, CH3COOH 56,6% D.HCOOH 73,4%, CH3COOH 26,6% Gii: Chn C t s mol HCOOH=x(mol), CH3COOH=y(mol) Phng trnh phn ng HCOOH + NaOH --------> HCOONa + H2O x mol -----> x mol CH3COOH + NaOH --------> CH3COONa + H2O y mol -----> y mol => x + y = 0,1.1 = 0,1 HCOOH + 2[Ag(NH3)2]OH -----> 2Ag + (NH4)2CO3 + H2O x mol ----------> 2x mol => 2x =
1 ,8 0 = 0,1 => x = 0,05 18 0
0,05 .46

=> y = 0,05 % HCOOH = 0,05 .46 +0,05 .60 . 100%= 43,4% =>%CH3COOH = 56,6% Cu 2. So snh tnh axit ca axit 2,4-initrobenzoic, axit p-nitrobenzoic, phenol v axit benzoic ta c kt qu sp xp theo th t tng nh sau axit benzoic < phenol < axit p-nitrobenzoic < axit 2,4-initrobenzoic phenol < axit p-nitrobenzoic < axit benzoic < axit 2,4-initrobenzoic phenol < axit benzoic < axit 2,4-initrobenzoic < axit p-nitrobenzoic phenol < axit benzoic < axit p-nitrobenzoic < axit 2,4-initrobenzoic Gii Chn D Do s phn cc ca nhm >C=O nn nguyn t H ca nhm COOH c tnh axit hn nguyn t H ca nhm OH phenol => phenol < axit benzoic. Do s hin din ca nhm rt in t NO2 lm gim mt in t ca nhn thm dn n nguyn t H ca nhm COOH c tnh axit hn => axit benzoic < axit pnitrobenzoic < axit 2,4-initrobenzoic Cu 3. Trung ha 250g dung dch 3% ca mt axit cacboxylic n chc cn 100 ml dung dch NaOH 1,25M, H=100%. CTCT ca axit cacboxylic l A. HCOOH B. CH3COOH C. C2H5COOH D. C3H7COOH Gii Chn B

m axit =

250 .3 = 7,5 g 100

RCOOH + NaOH ----> RCOONa + H2O n axit = n NaOH = 1,25.0,1 = 0,125 mol => M axit = 0,125 = 60 => R = 60 45 = 15 (CH3) => CTCT axit l CH3COOH Cu 4. t chy hon ton hn hp X gm 2 ankanoic c tng s nguyn t C bng 5, cn dng 13,44 l (ktc) kh oxi v thu c 0,9g H2O. X gm nhng axit no? A. HCOOH, C3H7COOH C. C2H5COOH, C3H7COOH Gii Chn A t CT 2 axit l CnH2n+1COOH v CmH2m+1COOH
1 ,4 3 4 7,5

B. CH3COOH, C2H5COOH D. A hay C u ng

n oxi = 2 ,4 =0,06 mol, n H2O = =0,05 mol 2 18 Theo bi ta c : n+1+m+1=5 => n+m=3 CT trung bnh CxH2x+1COOH Phng trnh chy CxH2x+1COOH + ( 0,06

0,9

3 x +1 ) O2 -----> (x+1)CO2 + (x+1)H2O 2

=> 0,06(x+1) = 0,05(

3 x +1 ) => x= 2,33 2

0,05

Chn m=3 => n=0 => HCOOH v C3H7COOH Cu 5. Cho 10g hn hp 2 ankanoic k tip tham gia phn ng vi 100ml dung dch K2CO3 1M. Sau khi phn ng kt thc cn dng 50ml dung dch HCl 2M trung ha lng K2CO3 d. CTPT ca 2 ankanoic l: A. HCOOH, CH3COOH C. C2H5COOH, C3H7COOH B. H3COOH, C2H5COOH D.C B hay C u ng

Gii t CT 2 axit l CnH2n+1COOH v CmH2m+1COOH vi m=n+1 CT trung bnh CxH2x+1COOH PTPU 2CxH2x+1COOH + K2CO3 ---> 2CxH2x+1COOK + CO2 + H2O 0,19 mol <----- 0,095 K2CO3 + 2HCl -----> 2KCl + CO2 + H2O 0,005 < ---- 0,01 => n K2CO3 d = n HCl = 0,005 mol => n K2CO3 phn ng = 0,1.1 0,005 = 0,095 mol => (14x+45). 0,19 = 10 => x = 0,54 Chn n=0, m=1 =>HCOOH, CH3COOH

Cu 6. Axit fomic c th ln lt phn ng vi tt c cc cht trong nhm cht l: A. Dung dch NH3, dung dch NaHCO3, Cu, CH3OH B. Dung dch NH3, dung dch NaHCO3, dung dch AgNO3/NH3, Mg C. Na, dung dch Na2CO3, C2H5OH, dung dch Na2SO4 D. Dung dch NH3, dung dch Na2CO3, Hg, CH3OH Gii Chn B Cu 7 .t chy a mol mt axit cacboxylic thu c x mol CO2 v y mol H2O. Bit xy=a. Cng thc chung ca axit l A. CnH2n-2Oz (n 3; z 2) B. CnH2n-2O2 (n 3) 1; x 2) C. CnH2n-2Ox (n D. Khng xc nh c Gii Chn A V x-y=a nn Axit c 2 lin kt i, do s nguyn t H phi bng 2n-2 v s ngyn t C t nht phi l 3. V khng quy nh axit n chc hay a chc nn s nguyn t O nh nht l 2 Cu 8.Trung ha 125g dung dch mt axit hu c c nng 1,56% cn 150ml dung dch NaOH 0,4M. T khi hi ca axit hu c so vi khng kh nh hn 5. CTCT thu gn ca axit hu c l: A HOOC(CH2)2COOH B. HOOC-COOH C. HOOC-CH2-COOH D. CH3COOH Gii Chn C Khi lng axit =
.200 .1,56 =3,12g 100

n NaOH = 0,15.0,4= 0,06 mol M axit < 29.5 = 145 - Nu l axit n chc th n axit = n NaOH = 0,06 => M axit = 0,06 = 52 => R= 52-45=7 (loi) - Nu l axit 2 chc thj` n axit = n NaOH = 0,03 mol => M axit = 0,03 = 104 => R = 104- 45.2 = 14 => CT HOOC-CH2-COOH - Nu l axit 3 chc M axit> 145 (loi) Cu 9. Mt hn hp 2 axit hu c cho c phn ng trng gng. CTPT hn km nhau 3 nhm CH2. Axit c phn t khi ln khj tc dng vi Cl2 c nh sng, sau phn ng ch tch c axit monoclo. CTCT 2 axit l A. CH3COOH v C2H5COOH B. CH3COOH v CH3CH2COOH C. HCOOH v CH3CH2CH2COOH D. HCOOH v (CH3)2CH-COOH Gii Axit HCOOH tham gia phn ng trng gng CH2Cl-CH2-CH2-COOH
3,1 2 3,1 2

CH3CH2CH2COOH + Cl2 ------->

CH3-CHCl-CH2-COOH

CH3-CH2-CHCl-COOH Cu 10. X l mt dn xut ca benzen c CTPT l C7H9NO2. Khi cho 1mol X tc dng va vi NaOH, em c cn thu c mt mui khan c khi lng 144g. CTCT ca X l A. HCOOC6H4NH2 B. HCOOC6H4NO2 C. C6H5COONH4 D. Kt qu khc Gii Chn C Ta c MA=139. X tc dng vi NaOH nn X phi thuc loi phenol hoc cresol hoc axit hoc este, hoc mui. Nu X l phenol c mt nhm OH tc dng vi NaOH th c phn ng trao i: ROH + NaOH ----> RONa + H2O Nh vy khi lng phi tng 22g trong lc khi lng ch tng 144-139=5g. Nu X thuc loi cresol (2 nhm OH) th li cng phi l v khi lng phi tng 22.2=44g. Nu X l mt axit R-COOH th khi lng phi tng 22g. Theo iu kin cho th ta thy X ch c th l mt mui amoni. Nu mui amoni ca phenol th c cng thc phn t khng ph hp, do X phi l mui amoni ca axit thm CTCT ca X l C6H5COONH4 Cu 11. Hn hp gm 2 axit hu c no X v Y trong X n chc, nu ly s mol X bng s mol Y ri cho phn ng ht vi NaHCO3 v Y phn ng ht vi Na2CO3 th lng kh thot ra t hai phn ng trn bng nhau. ng thi 0,1 mol X v 0,2 mol Y tham gia phn ng ht vi 100ml dung dch NaOH xM. Gi tr ca X l: A. 0,5M B. 0,4M C. 5M D. 0,3M Gii Chn C t X: RCOOH:m mol, Y:R(COOH)y:m mol RCOOH + NaHCO3 -----> RCOONa + CO2 + H2O m mol m mol 2 R(COOH)y + yNa2CO3 -----> yR(COONa)y + yCO2 + yH2O m mol 0,5my => o,5my = 3 => y=2 RCOOH + NaOH ----> RCOONa + H2O 0,1 -----> 0,1 R(COOH)2 + 2NaOH -----> R(COONa)2 + 2H2O 0,02 -----> 0,04 nNaOH = 0,1+ 0,4 = 0,5 mol[ => x= 0,1 =5M Cu 12. Cho cc phn ng sau X + NaOH d -----> Y + Z + 2NaCl + H2O Y + NaOH <---> CH3OH + Na2CO3 Z + HCl ----> HCOOH + NaCl
0,5

Bit X khng c phn ng trng gng, s mol ca X, Y, Z bng nhau Ba cht hu c X, Y, Z ln lt l A. CH3COOCH(Cl)OH, OHCH2COONa, HCOONa B. ClCH2COOCH(Cl)OH, OHCH2COONa, HCOONa C. ClCH2COOCH(Cl)OH, ClCH2COONa, HCOONa D. OHCH2COOCH(Cl)OH, OHCH2COONa, HCOONa Gii Chn B Cu 13. Cho cc cht: ancol etylic(1), clorua etyl(2), ietyl ete(3) v axit axetic(4). Dy cht c nhit si gim dn l: A. (1)>(2)>(3)>(4) B. (4)>(1)>(3)>(2) C. (4)>(1)>(2)>(3) D. (4)>(2)>(1)>(3) Gii Chn B Ta thy ancol etylic v axit axetic u c lin kt hidro nhng lin kt hidro axit phn cc hn lm cho H trong axit linh ng hn nn dn n nhit si ca axit cao hn ancol. Hai cht cn li khng c lin kt hidro nn nhit si s nh hn. Trong iety ete c khi lng phn t ln hn nn nhit si s ln hn . Do sp xp theo th t (4)>(1)>(3)>(2) Cu 14. Cho s phn ng sau: Toluen-> X1 - > X2 -> X3 -> X4 -> C6H5COOCH3 X1, X2, X3,X4 ln lt l A. C6H4ClCH3, C6H5CH2OH, C6H5CHO, C6H5COOH B. C6H5ClCH3, C6H5CH(OH)CH3, C6H5COCH3 C. C6H5CH2Cl, C6H5CH2OH, C6H5CHO, C6H5COOH D. Kt qu khc Gii Chn C Cu 15 : Axit cacboxylic X no mch h, n chc c phn trm khi lng oxi bng 43,24%. Cng thc phn t ca X l A. C2H4O2. B. C3H6O2. C. C2H2O2. D. C4H10O. Gii : Chn B. Axit n chc phn t c mt nhm -COOH (c 2 nguyn t oxi. T CnH2n+1COOH Mo tnh c MX = 74 (g/mol) v tnh c n =2 Cu 16 : Cho axit X c CTCT : CH3CHCH2CH2COOH CH3 Tn ca X l A. axit 2-metylbutyric. C. axit isohexanoic Gii :

B. axit 2-metylbutanoic D. axit 4-metylpentanoic

Chn D Cu 17: Cng thc no di y l ca axit 2,4-imetylpentanoic? A.CH3CHCHCH2COOH B.CH3CHCH2CHCOOH CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 C. CH3CCH2CHCOH D.CHCH2CH2COOH CH3 CH3 CH3 Gii : Chn B Cu 18 : Trung ho 250g dung dch 3,70% mt axit n chc X cn 100ml dung dch natri hiroxit 1,25M (hiu sut ca phn ng l 100%). Tm cng thc phn t, vit cng thc phn t, cu to v gi tn ca X. A. C2H4O2. B. C3H6O2. C. C2H2O2. D. C4H10O. Gii : VNaOH=100ml = 0.1(lt) Ta c CM NaOH= 1,25M Suy ra s mol NaOH l : nNaOH= 1,25 0,1 = 0,125 mol Gi cng thc tng qut axit n chc X c dng CxHyCOOH Theo bi ra ta c : C%x= =3,70% Suy ra khi lng axit X l : mX=(3,70.250) : 100 = 9,25g Phng trnh : CxHyCOOH + NaOH CxHyCOONa + H2O Ta c t l s mol CxHyCOOH phn ng vi NaOH l 1 :1 nn ta c : S mol CxHyCOOH phn ng = S mol NaOH = 0,125 mol MX = 9,25 : 0,125 + 74 Ta c 12x +y +12+162+1=74 Hay 12x + y =29 (1) T (1) ta c : x=2 ; y=5 Vy X c dng C2H5COOH hay cng thc phn t l : C3H6O2 Cu 19 : Trung ha 500ml d2 axit hu c n chc X bng 200ml d2NaOH 0,1M thu c 1,92g mui. Trong dung dch c : A.axit C2H5COOH vi nng 0,04M. B.xit CH3COOH vi nng 0,04M. C.Axit C3H7COOH vi nng 0,04M D.axit C2H5COOH vi nng 0,2M Gii : S mol NaOH l: nNaOH= 0,20,1= 0,02 Gi X c dng : R-COOH. Phng trnh: R-COOH + NaOH RCOONa + H2O 0,02 mol 0, 02 mol 0,02 mol

Vy nmui= 0,02 Mmui= 1,92: 0,02 =96 Ta c R+12+(162) +23 = 96 Suy ra R = 29 Vy axit X l C2H5COOH nng CM= 0,02: 0,5 = 0,04M Chn p n A Cu 20: Vit cng thc cu to v gi tn cc axit cacbonxylic c cng thc phn t: C5H10O2 , C3H4O4 , C4H6O2 Gii : Cc axit C5H10O2 : CH3CH2CH2CH2COOH axit pentanoic( valeric) CH3CH(CH3)CH2COOH axit 3-metylbutanoic CH3C(CH3)2COOH axit 2,2-imetylpropanoic CH3CH2CH(CH3)COOH axit 2-metylbutanoic-axit C3H4O4 :HOOC-CH2-COOH axit propanioic C4H6O2 :CH2=CH-CH2COOH axit but 3-enoic CH3CH=CH-COOH axit but 2-enoic CH2=C(CH3)COOH axit 2-metylpropenoic