1.1.

Tng quan v phn mm lingo Khi nim v quy hoch tuyn tnh
Quy hoch tuyn tnh l mt m hnh ton hc dng tm gi tr nh nht hoc ln nht ca mt hm tuyn tnh theo mt s bin cho trc,tha mn mt s hu hn cc rng buc c biu din bng h phng trnh v bt phng trnh tuyn tnh, n c th gii quyt nhiu vn lin quan n qu trnh sn xut. Cc thnh phn chnh ca mt bi ton quy hoch tuyn tnh: Bin: biu din cc i lng m ta c th iu chnh. Mc ch ca bi ton l tm cc gi tr ca cc bin cho gi tr hm mc tiu t ti u Hm mc tiu: l biu thc ton hc, lin kt cc bin biu th mc tiu cn t ti u. Cc rng buc: l cc ng thc hay cc bt ng thc th hin gii hn ca cc phng n c th, hoc gii hn gi tr ca cc bin. Cc dng c bn ca quy hoch tuyn tnh: Dng chnh tc: Cc rng buc dng ng thc. Tm gi tr ti u :
x* = [ x1 *, x 2 *,..., x n *]

sao cho hm mc tiu:

Z = c.x = ci xi max
i =1 n

Vi cc rng buc:
Ax = b x 0

Dng chun: Cc rng buc dng bt ng thc.

Tm gi tr ti u :
x* = [ x1 *, x 2 *,..., x n *]

sao cho hm mc tiu:

Z = c.x = ci xi max
i =1

Vi cc rng buc
Ax b x 0

Chuyn i bi ton t dng chun sang dng chnh tc:

Thm vo bin ph:

w = [ x n +1 *, x n + 2 *,..., x n + m *]

Vi cc rng buc
Ax b Ax + Ew = b

ng dng ca quy hoch tuyn tnh: Quy hoch tuyn tnh c s dng nhiu trong cng nghip. Xc nh cc hp kim trong cng nghip luyn kim Ti u ha nhng hn hp trong cng nghip thc phm Ti u ha sn xut trong cng nghip t Ti u ha s cung cp, s sn xut v s phn phi trong cng nghip lc du. V c rt nhiu ng dng khc na: vn c bit trong vn chuyn ,cc vn v ti chnh...

Quy hoch tuyn tnh trong lc du Yu cu v ti u ha trong nh my lc du:

a phn cc nh my lc du u c s hu bi nhiu cng ty khc nhau, lin kt vi nhau trong nhiu hot ng nh thm d, khai thc, mua bn, lc du, ha du Tt c cc cng vic ny din ra rt phc tp ,cng nh phn ln cc nh my cng nghip trong mi trng cnh tranh, nh my lc du cn phi ti a ha li nhun trong qu trnh sn xut.

 lm c iu ny, cn phi ti a gi tr marge ca n, c ngha l, s khc nhau gia s thu v bn nhng sn phm c sn xut, n ph thuc vo: Vic mua nguyn liu ban u: du th v cc nguyn liu khc.Du th chim phn ln trong chi ph u vo ca nh my lc du, do vic la chn hn hp du th x l nh hng rt ln n li nhun thu c.C rt nhiu la chn trong vic mua du th, c th mua theo hp dng di hn vi cc nh cung cp ln hay mua ngay ngoi th trng du m, cc phng n vn chuyn du t ni mua v nh my cng c xem xt n. Gi vn hnh: Chi ph c nh (nhn cng, bo tr), chi ph bin i (sn phm ha hc, xc tc). Nhng c trng cho hot ng ca nh my lc du l nhng sn phm c sn xut t nhiu loi du th khc nhau. Vi nhng cng c x l v chuyn ha nhng nguyn liu du m , hp thnh nhng phn xng trong nh my lc du c in, n khng th sn xut ch mt loi sn phm, chng hn nh l xng khng sn xut trong cng mt thi im v cch lm khng th trnh c mt s lng kt hp, nhiu hoc t ln, kh, gasole, fuel, Tt nhin quan h t l gia nhng sn phm sn xut cng ph thuc vo: S a dng ca nguyn liu c x l Nhng phn xng m bo c vic x l Nhng s iu chnh c th c ca cc phn xng Vi mt cng c cho, ton b nhng phn xng trong nh my lc du, v vin cnh ca th trng tiu th nhng sn phm khc nhau, nhng nh lc du s tm kim cng mt loi nguyn liu v cch thc x l n, t ti a li nhun. Ngi ta hiu rng c rt nhiu phng n chn la nguyn liu v cch thc x l c th t c nhng sn phm, nhng ngi ta bit rng, c ch ca quy hoch tuyn tnh c kh nng tm c, trong bi cnh kinh t c, mt li gii , v ch mt li gii ti u ha v chc nng kinh t. Bng cch: Chuyn ton b s vn hnh ca nh my lc du v nhng phng trnh tuyn tnh;

 S dng phn mm tm ra gii php ti u v kinh t. Trong nh my lc du, cng vic ti u ha c t ra nhiu kha cnh: Ti thiu chi ph nhp du th Ti u ha vic pha trn cc loi du th x l Ti thiu nhng tiu chun quy nh cn phi tha mn Ti u ha tiu th nhin liu, ti thiu lng hao ht. Ti u ha qun l tn tr Ti a li nhun

Vi s hot ng rt rng v phc tp ca lnh lc lc du th cc nh my lc du cn phi s dng nhng cng c h tr cho vic ra quyt nh, chn ra t nhiu phng n mt phng n ti u sao cho li nhun thu c l cao nht. Quy hoch tuyn tnh l mt trong nhng cng c tuyt vi thc hin tt cng vic ny.

ng dng quy hoch tuyn tnh trong hot dng ca nh my lc du

Trong cng nghip lc du, quy hoch tuyn tnh c p dng trong cc lnh vc: Thit k cu hnh c s ca nh my lc du La chn nh gi ngun du th nguyn liu Ln k hoch vn hnh di hn v ngn hn nh gi chi ph u t cho cc thit b trong quy trnh Qun l hot ng ca nh my lc du iu khin vic pha trn sn phm Qun l vic tn tr

M hnh quy hoch tuyn tnh c trng cho mt nh my lc du

Mt m hnh quy hoch tuyn tnh c trng cho mt nh my lc du cn c: D liu cu trc: Cu hnh nh my lc du, vi nhng m t chi tit v cc n v x l s cp v th cp, phn xng phi trn, nng lng v cc hng mc khc.

 D liu bin i: Gi du th tng thi im, tr lng ca du th, gi bn sn phm, nhu cu ca th trng cho tng loi sn phm, kh nng sn xut ca cc phn xng x l, kh nng tn tr, cc quy nh v tiu chun, cht lng sn phm.

c trng ca mt m hnh quy hoch tuyn tnh cho nh my lc du

Hm mc tiu: ti a li nhun Li nhun = ( gi tr ca sn phm) - ( chi ph nguyn liu th)- (Chi ph vn hnh). Cc rng buc: Rng buc v nguyn liu: lng nguyn liu tn tr Rng buc v kh nng sn xut ti a ca cc phn xng Rng buc v tn tr: dung tch ca cc bn cha Rng buc v sn phm: nhng tiu chun quy nh v cht lng sn phm Rng buc v tiu th nng lng

Gii thiu v phn mm Lingo

Phn mm lingo l mt chng trnh h tr vic gii cc bi ton ti u trong quy hoch tuyn tnh mt cch kh hiu qu, cho ra kt qu nhanh chng. Lingo bao gm cc tnh nng chnh sau y: Lingo h tr mnh m, thit lp da trn ngn ng m hnh, cho php ngi s dng din t cc m hnh ton hc mt cch hiu qu v cht ch. Lingo qun l d liu ca bn rt linh hot, n cho php bn xy dng nhng m hnh m n ly thng tin mt cch trc tip t c s d liu hoc t bng tnh. Tng t nh vy, Lingo c th cung cp ng thng tin ca gii php vo c s d liu hay bng tnh gip bn d dng to ra cc bn bo co. Bn c th xy dng v gii quyt cc m hnh bn trong Lingo, hoc bn c th gi Lingo trc tip t ng dng bn vit. pht trin cc m hnh lp, Lingo cung cp mt mi trng y cc m hnh xy dng, gii quyt v phn tch nhng m hnh ca bn. Lingo c th c gi trc tip t Macro trn Excel hay t mt ng dng c s d liu. Lingo hin ti tp hp nhng v d cho nhng chng trnh nh C/C++, FORTRAN, Java, C#.NET, VB.NET, ASP.NET, Visual Basic, Delphi, v Excel.

Cc bc cn tin hnh khi gii bi ton ti u bng phn mm Lingo

M hnh ha qu trnh sn xut Xc nh cc bin v cc rng buc Xy dng ma trn ca bi ton trn bng tnh Excel Khai bo cc mng cha bin, cc kiu rng buc, RSH v cc h s ca bi ton Lin kt d liu gia Excel v Lingo Gii ti u bng Lingo v trao i kt qu

XY DNG M HNH NH MY

C s qu trnh m hnh ha s hot ng ca nh my lc du

Nh my lc du thc hin ba hot ng chnh: Hot ng phn tch: du th c to t hn hp phc tp gm rt nhiu cc hp cht, phn ln l hydrocacbon. thu c cc sn phm du m p ng c cc tiu chun k thut thng mi, u tin cn phi thc hin mt qu trnh phn ring du m nguyn khai thnh nhiu phn on khc nhau. Qu trnh chng ct cho php phn on du th thnh cc phn on khc nhau nh kh du m ha lng LPG, xng, kerosene, gasoil, fuel oil Hot ng chuyn ha: nng cao cht lng sn phm (qu trnh x l bng hydro, reforming, isome ha ), tng hiu sut thu sn phm (FCC). Hot ng phi trn: cho ra cc sn phm p ng cc tiu chun v cht lng (Xng, DO, FO, JetA1 ). Hot ng nhp-Xut. Mc ch ca m hnh ha: D dng xc nh cc bin ca bi ton. Xc nh cc dng bn sn phm v sn phm ca nh my.

M hnh ha hot ng phn tch v chuyn ha

Qu trnh chng ct -Nguyn liu: Du th 1 v Du th 2.

RG

LG LN HN CDU DT1 GO1 VGO VR1 KE

RG

LG LN HN CDU DT2 GO2 VGO VR2 KE

Phn xng chuyn ha: Phn xng Isome ha (nguyn liu :Naphta nh)

RG

LN-ISO ISOME ISO

Phn xng reforming (Nguyn liu: Naphta nng)

RG LG

HN-R95 REFORMING REF 95 R95

RG LG

HN-R100 REFORMING REF 95 R100

Phn xng FCC (nguyn liu: VGO)

RG FCC

u (km theo trong phtiu l:DT1. cp: HS3SG3. -GOMR100-SP98,CN-SP98

VGO-FCC1

LG CN

CGO

RG FCC

u (km theo trong phtiu l:DT1. cp: HS3SG3. -GOMR100-SP98,CN-SP98

VGO-FCC2

LG CN

CGO

Phn xng kh lu hunh (hiu sut kh :97%S)

RG

GO1-DS DS DSG1

RG

GO2-DS DS DSG2

RG

GO3-DS DS DSG3

Nng lng ni b
15.2 Kt FO FO-NB RG-NB LG-NB LN-NB NANG LUONG FO 1.3 TAN FO 1.2 TAN FO 1.1 TAN FO

Hot ng phi trn Kh ha lng:

LG LG

Naphtha nh (LN)

LN LN

Xng super (SP 98)

C4-SP98 LN-SP98 ISO-SP98 R95-SP98 R100-SP98 CN-SP98

SP98

Xng thng (SP 95)

C4-SP95 LN-SP95 ISO-SP95 R95-SP95 R100-SP95 CN-SP95

SP95

Jet A1
Jet A1-F1

Jet A1 Jet A1-F2

GOM

KE-GOM GO1-GOM GO2-GOM CGO-GOM DSG1-GOM DSG2-GOM DSG3-GOM GOM

FO
CGO-FO

VR1-FO FO VR2-FO

Xy dng cu trc bin v cc rng buc Cu trc bin

-Bin phn tch:DT1, DT2. -Bin chuyn ha: Isome ha: LN-ISO. Reforming: HN-R95,HN-R100. FCC:VGO-FCC1, VGO-FCC2. Kh S: GO1-DS, GO2-DS,CGO-DS. Nng lng ni b: FO-NB,RG-NB,LG-NB,LN-NB. -Bin phi trn: LPG: LG-LPG Naphta nh: LN_HD Xng super (SP98): C4-SP98, LN-SP98,ISO-SP98,R95-SP98,R100-SP98,

CN-SP98 Xng thng (SP95): C4-SP95, LN-SP95,ISO-SP95,R95-SP95,R100-SP95, CN-SP95 Jet A1: Jet A1-F1, Jet A1-F2. GOM: KE-GOM,GO1-GOM,GO2-GOM,DSG1-GOM,DSG2-GOM,DSG3GOM,CGO-GOM. FO: CG-FO,VR1-FO,VR2-FO. -Bin Nhp-Xut. Nhp: HN-IMP,VGO-IMP,SP95-IMP,JETA1-IMP,GOM-IMP,FO-IMP. Xut: SP95-EXP, JETA1-EXP,GOM-EXP,FO-EXP. Cu trc cc rng buc - Rng buc bn sn phm(RHS=0) Distillate: RG,LG,LN,HN,KE,GO1,GO2,VGO,VR1,VR2. Transformate: ISO,R95,R100,CN,CGO,DSG1,DSG2,DSG3. -Rng buc sn phm v nng lng ni b(RHS 0) LG,LN,SP98,SP95.JETA1,GOM,FO,NB -Cht lng sn phm-lu tr v cung cp: Rng buc ti a: TVSP95Max, TVSP98Max, C4SP98,C4SP95,%S-GOM,IV-FOMax, ,Distilate,Reforming,FCC, DS, DT1. Rng buc ti thiu: TVSP95Min, TVSP98Min,Ron98,Ron95,IV-FOMin, Reforming95, DT2. ,

Phi trn cc bn sn phm

Sn phm cui lin quan n tiu chun sn phm: Cc rng buc Max, Min ca cc tnh cht vt l.

Cc tiu chun sn phm phi tha mn yu cu khch hng hoc cc tiu chun nh nc. Sn phm cui ca nh my lc du: phi trn t cc bn sn phm Phng php d on cc tnh cht ca sn phm phi trn

(Q1) Z1 Z2 Z3 (Q2) (Q3) Sn phm cui Z (Q)

Z: S lng cc bn sn phm v cc sn phm cui (th tch hoc khi lng) Q : Tnh cht cn kho st hoc cc gi tnh cht Mt sn phm P c tnh cht Q thu c t s phi trn ca I bn sn phm c th tch vi v c tnh cht qi. S phi trn ny tun theo quy tc trn ln theo th tch:

q v Q= v
i i i i

Nu Q S max :

q v v
i i i i

i i

S max

qi vi S max vi (q i S max ) vi 0
i i

S phi trn ny tun theo quy tc trn ln v khi lng

d (q
i i

S max ) vi 0

v
Cng thc m rng :

qi vi S m ax V

v V = 0, q v S m a x V 0
i i i

Xy dng ma trn ca bi ton ti u trn bng tnh Excel Cu trc ma trn ca bi ton thng gp
Cu trc ma trn ca bi ton thng gp

Cu trc bin Gi tr cc bin Du Cn bng sn phm v bn sn phm RSH

Rng buc khng ch cht lng

Cc rng buc c bit

Rng buc v kh nng sn xut, lu tr HM KINH T (MC TIU)

Phng php khai bo v lin kt d liu vi Excel MODEL: SETS: Ban_SP :Zero; SP_NB :Nhu_cau; RB_min :GT_min; RB_max :GT_max; Ten_bien :GT_bien,Chi_phi;

LINKS1(Ban_SP,Ten_bien) :VOLUME1; LINKS2(SP_NB,Ten_bien) :VOLUME2; LINKS3(RB_min,Ten_bien) :VOLUME3; LINKS4(RB_max,Ten_bien) :VOLUME4; ENDSETS MIN=@SUM(Ten_bien(J):GT_bien(J)*Chi_phi(J)); @FOR(Ban_SP(I): @SUM(Ten_bien(J): VOLUME1(I,J)*GT_bien(J))=Zero(I)); @FOR(SP_NB(K): @SUM(Ten_bien(J): VOLUME2(K,J)*GT_bien(J))=Nhu_cau(K)); @FOR(RB_min(L): @SUM(Ten_bien(J): VOLUME3(L,J)*GT_bien(J))>=GT_min(L)); @FOR(RB_max(M): @SUM(Ten_bien(J): VOLUME4(M,J)*GT_bien(J))<=GT_max(M)); DATA: Ban_SP,Zero,SP_NB,Nhu_cau,RB_min,GT_min,RB_max,GT_max,Ten_bien,Chi _phi,VOLUME1,VOLUME2,VOLUME3,VOLUME4 =@OLE('D:\bai tap toi uu hoa.xls','Ban_SP','Zero','SP_NB','Nhu_cau','RB_min','GT_min','RB_max','GT_max ','Ten_bien','Chi_phi','VOLUME1','VOLUME2','VOLUME3','VOLUME4'); @OLE('C:\bai tap toi uu hoa.xls','GT_bien')=GT_bien; ENDDATA END Gii ti u bng Lingo v trao i kt qu.
Sau khi chy phn mm Lingo, phn mm s tm ra mt gi tr ti u km theo cc thng s khc gip ta phn tch cc kt qu tm c, ng thi phn mm cng s trao i kt qu vi bng tnh Excel cho ta cc h s ti cc gi tr bin v gi tr ca hm mc tiu.

Phn tch kt qu t phn mm Lingo. Variable, Value, Reduced Cost:

Variable: Tn bin. Value: Gi tr bin.

Reduced Cost: Trong bo co kt qu ca bng tnh Lingo ta s thy mt con s Reduced Cost ng vi mi bin s. Gi tr ny c 2 ngha tng ng nh sau: Th nht c th hiu Reduced Cost nh: L s lng m h s hm mc tiu ca bin s phi ci thin trc khi n tr nn c li cho bin s ang cp mt gi tr dng trong kt qu ti u. V d: Nu gi tr ny l 10, th h s hm mc tiu ca bin s cn tng ln 10 n v trong trng hp bi ton Max, v cn phi gim 10 n v trong bi ton Min bin s tr thnh mt la chn hp dn i ti gii php. Th hai, c th hiu Reduced Cost l s tin pht cn phi tr a mt n v ca bin s ny i n gii php. V d , nu gi tr Reduced Cost l 10, c ngha l cn phi tr tin pht l 10 n v a bin s n gii php. Ni cch khc gi tr ca hm mc tiu s gim 10 n v trong bi ton Max v s tng 10 n v trong bi ton Min.

Slack or Surplus:
Ct Slack or Sulplus trong bng bo co kt qu ca Lingo cho bit bn gn p ng cc rng buc v tnh cn bng nh th no.Nu gi tr ny nh hn hoc bng (<=) cc rng buc th ta gi l slack, cn nu gi tr ny ln hn hoc bng (>=) cc rng buc th gi l surplus. Nu mt rng buc tha mn chnh xc v tnh cn bng th gi tr slack v surphus s bng khng. Nu rng buc ny b vi phm, nh trong gii php bt kh thi, th gi tr slack v surphus s m. Hiu c iu ny c th gip bn tm ra nhng rng buc vi phm trong m hnh khng th gii c, trong m hnh ny khng tn ti mt tp hp gi tr bin s m nhng bin s ny ng thi tha mn tt c cc rng buc. Nhng rng buc Nonbinding ( nhng rng buc vi gi tr slack or surplus ln hn 0) s c gi tr dng, khc khng trong ct ny.

Dual Price:
Trong bn bo co kt qu ca Lingo cng a ra mt gi tr dual price vi mi rng buc. Bn c th hiu dual price nh l s lng m hm mc tiu cn phi thay i khi gi tr RHS (Right hand side) ca rng buc b tng thm mt n v. Ch rng thay i l mt khi nim tng i. Trong bi ton Max, thay i ngha l gi tr ca hm mc tiu s tng, trong bi ton Min, gi tr ca hm mc tiu s gim nu bn tng RSH ca rng buc vi mt dual price dng.

Dual price i khi c gi l shadow prices, bi v n cho bn bit bn cn tr thm bao nhiu n v .

Lingo/Range:
S dng cu lnh Range xut hin bng Range Report, bng bo co ny th hin phm vi bn c th: Thay i mt h s trong hm mc tiu m khng gy ra thay i ca bt k gi tr ti u ca bin s quyt nh. Thay i h s ca ca RHS m khng gy ra thay i ca bt k gi tr ti u ca Dual Price hoc Reduced Cost. Trong phn u tin ca bng bo co l tiu Objective Coefficient Ranges. Ct u tin l tn bin s. Ct tip theo Current Coefficient, lit k cc h s hin ti ca bin s trong hng mc tiu. Ct tip theo, Allowable Increase, lit k s lng m chng ta c th tng h s ca hm mc tiu m khng thay i nhng gi tr ti u ca bin s. Ct cui cng, Allowable Decrease, lit k s lng m h s hm mc tiu ca bin s c th gim trc khi gi tr ti u ca cc bin s thay i. Phn th hai ca bn bo co c tiu Right Hand Side Ranges Ct u tin Row, lit k tn ca tt c cc hng ti u, hoc cc rng buc, trong m hnh. Ct th hai, Current RSH, l gi tr hin ti ct RHS cho mi hng. Ct tip theo, Allowable Increase v Allowable Decrease, cho chng ta rng, chng ta c th tng hoc gim gi tr RHS mt lng bao nhiu m hon ton khng lm thay i nhng gi tr ti u ca Dual Price v Reduced.

Kt qu ti u
Sau khi chy phn mm Lingo ta thu c kt qu ti u nh sau:

Vy kt qu c hm mc tiu l:9.03026.106. Tc l chi ph ti thiu nh my lc du sn xut ra cc sn phm LPG, LN, SP98,SP95, JETA1,GOM, FO p ng tt c cc rng buc ca bi ton l9.03026.10 6 USD/tn. Ngoi kt qu v gi tr ti thiu ca hm kinh t , Lingo cn cho ta mt bng bo co chi tit v gi tr ca bin s cng cc h s khc gip ta phn tch kt qu ti u .

Khi nhu cu tng thm mt Ktn LPG

Row Slack or Surplus Dual Price

18

0.000000

-125.9424

Ta thy rng nu nhu cu tng thm mt Ktn LPG th hm kinh t s tng ln 125.9424 USD, hay ni cch khc chi ph cn ti thiu sn xut thm 1 Ktn LPG l 125.9424 USD.

Khi nhu cu tng thm mt Ktn Naphtha nh (LN)

Row

Slack or Surplus

Dual Price

19

0.000000

-115.4472

Ta thy rng nu nhu cu tng thm mt Ktn LN th hm kinh t s tng ln 115.4472 USD, hay ni cch khc chi ph cn ti thiu sn xut thm 1 Ktn LN l 115.4472 USD.

Khi nhu cu tng thm mt Ktn xng super (SP 98)

Row Slack or Surplus Dual Price

20

0.000000

-286.2651

Ta thy rng nu nhu cu tng thm mt Ktn SP98 th hm kinh t s tng ln 286.2651 USD, hay ni cch khc chi ph cn ti thiu sn xut thm 1 Ktn SP98 l 286.2651 USD.

Khi nhu cu tng thm mt Ktn xng thng (SP 95)

Row Slack or Surplus Dual Price

22

0.000000

-220.0000

Ta thy rng nu nhu cu tng thm mt Ktn SP95 th hm kinh t s tng ln 220 USD, hay ni cch khc chi ph cn ti thiu sn xut thm 1 Ktn SP95 l 220 USD.

Khi nhu cu tng thm mt Ktn Jet A1

Row Slack or Surplus Dual Price

24

0.000000

-211.0136

Ta thy rng nu nhu cu tng thm mt Ktn Jet A1 th hm kinh t s tng ln 211 USD, hay ni cch khc chi ph cn ti thiu sn xut thm 1 Ktn Jet A1 l 211 USD.

Khi nhu cu tng thm mt Ktn GOM

Row Slack or Surplus Dual Price

25

0.000000

-220.0000

Ta thy rng nu nhu cu tng thm mt Ktn GOM th hm kinh t s tng ln 220 USD, hay ni cch khc chi ph cn ti thiu sn xut thm 1 Ktn GOM l 220 USD

Khi nhu cu tng thm mt Ktn FO

Row Slack or Surplus Dual Price

27

0.000000

-104.9520

Ta thy rng nu nhu cu tng thm mt Ktn FO th hm kinh t s tng ln 105 USD, hay ni cch khc chi ph cn ti thiu sn xut thm 1 Ktn FO l 105 USD.

Phm vi thay i gi cc h s ca hm mc tiu m khng lm thay i gitr ca cc bin s

Phm vi thay i gi ca du th 1 v 2: Ranges in which the basis is unchanged: Objective Coefficient Ranges Current Variable
GT_BIEN( DT1) GT_BIEN( DT2)

Allowable Increase
2.839167 INFINITY

Allowable Decrease
2.583351 6.144425

Coefficient
184.0000 156.0000

Gi ca du th 1 c php tng 2.84 USD v gim n 2.58 USD th khi phng n sn xut vn khng thay i Gi ca du th 2 c php tng v cng v gim n 6.14 USD th khi phng n sn xut vn khng thay i Tng t cho cc bin cn li (nh bng trn)

Phm vi thay i cc gi tr RHS m khng lm thay i phng n sn xut

-Phm vi thay i nhu cu LPG Righthand Side Ranges Row Current RHS Allowable Increase Allowable Decrease

18

11000.00

2994.423

704.5476

-Phm vi thay i nhu cu LN Righthand Side Ranges Row Current RHS Allowable Increase Allowable Decrease

19

6000.000

375.1023

4791.810

- Phm vi thay i nhu cu SP98 Righthand Side Ranges Row Current RHS Allowable Increase Allowable Decrease

20

20000.00

6817.812

588.4015

- Phm vi thay i nhu cu SP95

Righthand Side Ranges Row Current RHS Allowable Increase Allowable Decrease

22

80000.00

12249.93

INFINITY

- Phm vi thay i nhu cu Jet A1

Righthand Side Ranges Row Current RHS Allowable Increase Allowable Decrease

24

70000.00

3668.977

9433.290

-- Phm vi thay i nhu cu Jet GOM

Righthand Side Ranges Row Current RHS Allowable Increase Allowable Decrease

25

160000.0

INFINITY

7317.477

-- Phm vi thay i nhu cu FO

Righthand Side Ranges Row Current RHS Allowable Increase Allowable Decrease

27

148000.0

3593.308
Value

845.4571
Reduced Cost

Phn tch gi tr Reduced Cost

Variable
GT_BIEN( VGOIMP) 0.000000 20.11552 GT_BIEN(SP95IMP) 0.000000 15.00000 GT_BIEN(JETA1IMP) 0.000000 13.98638 Tc l khi tng VGOIMP, SP95IMP , JETA1IMP th tng chi ph ln tng ng 20.11552,15, 14 USD. Tc l h s hm mc tiu ca bin s VGOIMP cn phi gim i 20,12 USD v ca bin s SP95IMP cn phi gim 15 USD v JETA1IMP gim i 14

USD bin s ny tr thnh mt la chn ti u. Tng t cho cc bin cn li.