VIN KHOA HC K THUT NNG NGHIP

DUYN HI NAM TRUNG B

KT QU NGHIN CU TUYN CHN GING

LA CHU HN CHO VNG NAM TRUNG B
V TY NGUYN

Li nh He, ng B n, H Cng Trc v C.T.V

T VN
Hn hn c tc ng to ln n mi trng, kinh t, chnh tr x hi
v sc kho con ngi. Hn hn tc ng n kinh t x hi nh gim
nng sut cy trng, gim din tch gieo trng, gim sn lng cy
trng, ch yu l sn lng cy lng thc. Tng chi ph sn xut
nng nghip, gim thu nhp ca lao ng nng nghip
Ring vng Duyn hi Nam Trung b v Ty Nguyn thng xuyn
phi i mt vi cc loi hnh thin tai, trong bo, lt v hn hn
c tn sut xut hin nhiu nht v gy hu qu nng n cho i sng
kinh t, x hi v mi trng.

 Vi lng ma hng nm tng i ln nhng phn b khng u trong

cc thng. Vo ma ma, lng ma thng gp 5-6 ln so vi ma

kh, chim khong 75-85% tng lng ma hng nm. Ma kh

thng lng ma rt t khng p ng cho nhu cu sinh hot v
sn xut nng nghip nn hn hn thng xy ra v gy thit hi
nghim trng.
Trong nhng nm gn y hn hn thng xy ra vng Nam
Trung b v Ty nguyn gy thit hi cho sn xut hng trm t
ng mi nm.
Ring nm 2011, u nm nng nng gay gt Ty Nguyn gy
thit hi cho tnh k Lk hn 13.000 ha din tch cy trng, tng
ng vi trn 466 t ng. Tnh Gia Lai, din tch cy trng b
thit hi ln ti gn 20.000ha, trong din tch la v rau mu b
hn hn 6.000ha. Tng thit hi trn a bn tnh Gia Lai c tnh
gn 265 t ng.

 V H thu nm 2011, tng din tch cy trng b hn vng Nam

Trung b c khong trn 47.000 ha, trong c trn 6.250 ha din
tch b hn khng th xung c ging. Din tch la H thu b hn
nhiu tp trung ch yu cc tnh Qung Nam (2.700 ha), Bnh
nh (6.500 ha), Ph Yn (741 ha), Ninh Thun (607 ha), Bnh
Thun (3.526 ha), trong s din tch mt trng l 300 ha.
Hin nay cc ging la c kh nng chu hn tt, thch hp vi iu
kin sn xut vng Nam Trung b v Ty Nguyn cn rt hn ch.
Nhiu h nng dn s dng cc ging la thch hp vi vng thm
canh sn xut trn vng nc bp bnh nn mc ri ro kh
cao, sn xut thiu n nh. Mt khc k thut canh tc la cho vng
nc bp bnh cng cn nhiu hn ch nn hiu qu sn xut thp.

gp phn n nh i sng v nng cao hiu qu sn xut la

cho vng nc ti bp bnh vng Nam Trung b v Ty Nguyn
cn phi y mnh cng tc nghin cu chn to cc ging la c
kh nng chu hn tt, nng sut v cht lng cao, nhim nh su
bnh, kh nng thch ng rng. y cng l vn cp thit hin
nay, nht l trong iu kin bin i kh hu ton cu v ang
din ra.

II. VT LIU V PHNG PHP NGHIN CU

1. Vt liu nghin cu
Gm 18 dng, ging la trin vng chu hn c ngun gc trong v
ngoi nc, i chng l ging a phng ang s dng ph bin
cho vng nc bp bnh.
2. Phng php nghin cu
p dng Qui phm kho nghim ging la ca B Nng nghip v
PTNT (10TCN 558-2002 . Cc th nghim c b tr kiu khi y
ngu nhin, lp li 3 ln.
a im nghin cu: Krng bng- c Lc; Ninh Phc- Ninh
Thun; Ph ct- Bnh nh
- Thi gian nghin cu: Nm 2009 v 2010.
- Phng php x l s liu: S dng chng trnh phn mm
IRRISTT 5.0, Excel

III. KT QU V THO LUN

1. Mt s c im nng hc ca ging la chu hn tham gia TN
Cc ging la c thi gian sinh trng t 91- 125 ngy. Chiu cao
cy ph bin t 97- 110 cm. cng cy ca cc ging mc t
cng (im 1) n cng trung bnh (im 5). Ging CH207, CH208
c nh gi cng cy t im 1-3 c 3 a im TN.
Cc c tnh nng hc trn kh ph hp vi c cu ma v v iu
kin sn xut Vng Nam Trung b v Ty Nguyn.

Bng 1. Mt s c im nng hc ca cc ging la chu hn

TT

Tn ging

TGST
(ngy)

Cao cy
(cm)

thun
(im)

Cng cy
(im)

CH208

103-125

97

1-3

CH207

102- 125

103

1-3

YUNLU61

92- 118

108

3-5

LUYIN46

92-121

107

3-5

LC93-4 (c3)

93-125

102

3-5

YUNLU50

91-118

108

3-5

IR78905-105

91-117

108

3-5

IR78878-5-1

92-116

116

3-5

YUNLU65

96-117

108

3-5

10

CIRAD141

91-115

110

3-7

11

IR74371-54

92-116

107

12

IR74371-3-1

91-117

102

3-5

13

IR78875-5-3

93-116

108

3-5

14

IR78913-3-22

95-119

104

3-5

15

IR78936-139

96-119

97

3-5

16

IR78985-13-6

93-129

97

17

IR78937-13

98-121

101

3-5

Bng 2. Trung bnh cc yu t cu thnh nng sut v nng sut

ca cc ging la chu hn.
(V X 2009 v 2010 vng Nam Trung b)
TT

Ch tiu
Tn ging

Bng
/m2 (bng)

Ht chc
/bng
(Ht)

T l
lp (%)

K.Lng
1000 ht
(gam)

NSTT
(t/ha)

CH 207

374

93

12.1

26.4

65.55

CH 208

366

96

13.3

27.0

67.45

YUN LU 61

353

87

16.0

24.9

56.05

LYIN 46

369

89

15.3

24.5

57.0

LC 93- 4

353

89

13.9

24.4

54.75

YUNLU 50

366

89

12.8

25.1

57.8

TR 78905-105

352

96

11.8

23.6

56.95

IR 78878-5

360

85

11.6

23.9

52.5

YUNLU65

341

99

12.8

24.8

60.6

10

CIRAD 141

362

94

16.1

22.8

54.7

11

IR 74371-54

364

88

13.0

24.4

55.5

12

IR 74371-3

358

87

11.7

23.8

52.75

13

IR 78875-5

354

90

17.6

23.8

55.2

14

IR 78985-5-3

357

92

17.0

24.2

55.5

Bng 3. Cc yu t cu thnh nng sut v nng sut ca cc ging

(V H Thu 2009 - vng Nam Trung b)
TT

Ch tiu
Tn ging

Bng
(bng)

/m2

Ht chc
/bng (Ht)

T l
lp (%)

K.Lng
1000 ht
(gam)

NSTT
(t/ha)

CH 207

360

77

15.0

26.5

55.7

CH 208

396

76

15.8

27.2

58.25

YUN LU 61

369

70

22.5

24.0

46.55

LYIN 46

375

79

21.5

24.4

53.35

LC 93- 4

334

83

19.1

24.9

51.3

YUNLU 50

351

70

23.3

24.5

43.25

TR 78905-105

351

77

19.8

23.9

45.3

IR 78878-5

365

67

20.9

24.4

39.7

YUNLU65

332

86

19.4

25.2

52.6

10

CIRAD 141

334

75

23.8

22.5

42.1

11

IR 74371-54

375

70

23.3

25.1

48.25

12

IR 74371-3

350

72

19.6

24.4

44.35

13

IR 78875-5

310

75

21.1

23.4

39.15

14

IR 78985-5-3

310

75

21.1

23.5

39.2

Bng 4. Cc yu t cu thnh nng sut v nng sut ca cc ging

(V X 2008- 2009 & X 2009- 2010 ti c Lc)
TT

Ch tiu
Tn ging

Bng
/m2 (bng)

Ht chc
/bng (Ht)

T l
lp (%)

K.Lng
1000 ht
(gam)

NSTT
(t/ha)

CH207

379

77

10.3

27.4

61.7

CH208

369

89

11.2

26.4

66.5

YUNLU61

363

83

11.5

24.5

54.7

LUYIN46

348

82

11.8

24

58.7

YUNLU50

351

79

12.0

24.6

47.8

IR78905-105

352

80

12.3

23.9

55.4

IR78878-5

358

79

12.0

23.5

54.3

YUNLU65

352

83

11.8

23.8

54.3

CIRAD141

352

82

12.3

22.1

48.9

10

IR74371-54

348

87

11.5

24

63.6

11

IR74371-3

359

86

12.1

23.9

60.3

12

IR78875-5

340

82

12.8

23.3

56.2

13

IR78985-5-3

364

84

11.1

25.5

50.6

Bng 5. Cc yu t cu thnh nng sut v nng sut ca cc ging

(V Thu 2009 ti c Lc)
TT

Ch tiu
Tn ging

Bng
/m2
(bng)

Ht chc
/bng
(Ht)

T l
lp (%)

K.Lng
1000 ht
(gam)

NSLT
(t/ha)

NSTT
(t/ha)

CH207

420

76.1l

9.0

27.6

88.22

65.83a

CH208

380

98.8c

7.5

26.6

99.95

69.97a

YUNLU61

392

82.1i

8.0

24.3

78.27

49.90k

LUYIN46

360

86.2h

8.3

24.2

75.17

50.87hi

YUNLU50

385

79.8k

8.7

25.3

77.80

53.8fgh

IR78905-105

409

74.5l

10.6

24.2

73.68

51.53fgh

IR78878-5

413

79.1jk

8.1

24.3

79.32

55.70j

Yunlu65

397

90.7f

7.7

24.5

88.15

61.37fg

CIRAD141

399

88.2gh

6.8

21.3

74.90

52.00gh

10

IR74371-54

364

108,9a

10.3

24.2

95,93

64.30fg

11

IR74371-3

384

93.2e

10.8

24.2

86.53

61.57efg

12

IR78875-5

367

89.7fg

8.6

23.6

77.62

52.80c

13

IR78985-5-3

391

89.4fg

6.4

26.7

93.25

64.67cd

14

IR78937-13

394

81.9ij

12.2

27.7

89.38

63.23cdef

15

IR8936-139

392

82i

13.5

26.2

84.22

55.67ij

cde

Bng 6. Tng hp mt s c im c bn ca ging la c la chn

TT

Tn dng,
ging

TGST
(ngy)

Cao cy
(cm)

Kh nng
chng
(im)

Kh nng
chu nng
(im)

Nng sut
(t/ha)

CH207

103-125

93-101

1-3

55.7- 65.8

CH208

102-125

98-108

1-3

58.2- 69.9

IR74371-54

92-116

98- 112

1-3

63.6- 64.3

IR78913-3

95-119

100-109

3-5

1-3

62.3- 67.6

Bng 7. Mt s ch tiu cht lng ht

Tn
ging

Go
lt
(%)

Go
xt
(%)

Go
nguyn
(%)

bc
bng
(Cp)

Phn Protein Amylose im

loi
ph hy
DH
kim

IR17494
(c)

79,3

62,8

59,1

TB

7.6

25,0

3,0

CH207

78,5

68,7

67,2

TB

8,4

23,0

7,0

CH208

77,0

69,5

64,3

TB

8,0

22,5

6,5

TB

IR78913

80,9

69,1

63,5

8,5

22,7

6.0,

TB

IR74371

76,5

71,7

66,2

8,2

22,6

7,0

V108
(c)

77,1

67,9

69,4

TB

8,2

23,2

7,0

T0
ha
h

Bng 8. Nng sut v hiu qu kinh t ca mt s ging la chu hn

V sn xut

Tn ging
la SX

N.Sut
TT
(t/ha)

Tng chi
Tng
Li rng
ph
thu
(tr./ha)
(tr./ha) nhp/ha
(tr./ha)

Li tng
so c
(tr. ng)

Ph CtCH207
B.nh
CH208
(.Xun 2011) ML202
(/c)

58.4
61.0
53.2

13.344
13.344
13.344

30.368
31.720
27.664

17.024
18.376
14.320

2.70
4.05
-

Bc iCH207
N.Thun
CH208
(V Thu 2010) ML202 (c)

54,7
56,3
49,8

14.774
14.774
14.774

28.991
29.839
26.394

14.217
15.065
11.620

2.59
3.44
-

Ninh PhcN.Thun
(.Xun 2011

CH207
CH208
ML48 (/c)

59.7
64,2
50.6

15.188
15.188
15.188

32.238
34.668
27.324

17.05
19.48
12.136

4.91
7.34
-

KrnganaCH207
c Lc
CH208
(.Xun2011) LC93-4(c)

62,4
65,7
56,3

18.314
18.314
18.314

33.696
35.478
30.402

15.382
17.164
12.088

3.29
5.07
-

1. Kt lun
Ging la c kh nng chu hn tt, thch hp vi vng Ty Nguyn c trong
v ng xun v H Thu l: CH207, CH208, IR74371-54, IR78913-3-19,
nng sut t 61,7- 69,9 t/ha, cht lng kh.
Ging la chu hn thch hp vi vng Nam Trung b c trong v ng xun
v H Thu l CH207, CH208, nng sut t 55,7- 67,5 t/ha. Li nhun tng
so vi i chng t 2,7-7,34 triu ng/ha.

2. ngh:
- ngh b sung vo c cu sn xut cc ging la chu hn CH207,
CH208 cho vng Nam Trung b v ging la CH207, CH208, IR74371-54,
IR78913-3-19 cho vng Ty Nguyn nhm nng cao hiu qu sn xut
vng bp bnh nc ti.
- Tip tc khuyn co cho nng dn p dng 3 gim 3 tng trn cc ging
la chu hn nhm nng cao nng sut, cht lng sn phm v hiu qu .
- Cn c s phi hp cht ch gia 4 nh xy dng cc cnh ng mu v
la chu hn cho mi vng nhm chuyn giao ng b cc k thut tin b
cho nng dn, nht l ng dng c gii ha trong thu hoch v ch bin sau
thu hoch.

Mt s hnh nh hot ng tuyn chn ging la chu hn

Mt s hnh nh nghin cu v la chu hn

Mt s hnh nh nghin cu v la chu hn

Mt s hnh nh xy dng m hnh trnh din la chu hn

Mt s hnh nh xy dng m hnh trnh din la chu hn

XIN TRN TRNG CM N