2

p dng san phng diu khin bng laser

d tng sn lng la go,
v bo v ti nguyn dt - nc
Phan Hiu Hin (e-mail: phhien@hcm.vnn.vn)
TT Nng Iung v My Nng nghip
Trung ai hc Nng Lm Tp H Ch Minh
1. DN NHAP
2. THIT B[ SAN LASER: CU TAO V NGUYN L
HOAT QNG
3. CHUYEN GIAO KY THUAT SAN LASER BSCL
v CC VNG KHC
4. VIEN CNH CA SAN PHANG LASER GP
PHN PHT TRIEN SN XUT
LA GAO VIET NAM TRONG TH KY 21
5. KT LUAN
3
1. DN NHP
$an phng rung la diu khin bng
laser (san laser, laser leveling) duoc p
dung rng ri M, Nht, c; duoc Vin
Nghin cu La Quc t (RR) th
nghim tai Philippines v Campuchia.
Vit Nam: San Iaser Ing trong
D n Sau Thu Hoach La Gao
IRRI-ADB Project, v
Chuong trnh La Nuc Tui IRRC
4
SAN PHANG MAT RUQNG IU KHIEN BANG LASER
CaIifornia: 90% rung san phng; nng sut 9 tn/ha
M, Nht, c
5
D n Sau Thu Hoch La Go
IRRI-ADB Post Harvest Project (Xem K yu, trang ...)
Lin minh Hc hi (Learning
AIIiance) = 5 Vng D n
Cc hoat dng hi tho v tp hun
(Lin Vng v Trong Vng)
Hi tho v bo qun la go bng silo
cho ng bng Sng Cu Long
Kha Tp hun v Khun G d sn xut
my gt dp lin hp
Kha tp hun lin vng ti Hu
6
D n Sau Thu Hoch La Go: Tp hun v Laser
u
(25
TTKN)
B-Rja
7
D n Sau Thu Hoch La Go
IRRI-ADB Post Harvest Project
Ti liu tp hun
Trnh din thit b[ sau thu hoach
Nghin cu ng dng
* So snh hiu qu ca xay xt la
m d (16%) v m d (14%)
nh gi cng ngh sy Ia Ip
dy 1 m
* Sn xut nm rom t rom do
my gt dp lin hp thi ra
Cc m hnh kinh doanh sau thu
hoach Ia gao
(Xem K yu, trang ...)
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2. LASER: SO CU TO
V NGUYN LY HOT NG
9
10
. Vit Nam
t 2004, duoc su chuyn giao k thut ca
RR, TTNng luong-MNN d phi hop vi cc
$ Nng nghip Tinh ng dung k thut ny :
Bac Liu ( 100ha, 2005-2011),
An Giang ( 190 ha, 2005-2011),
Lm ng (25ha, 2008),
Kin Giang (2ha, 2009),
u (5 ha, 2010), B Rja (3 ha, 2010).
Tng 300 ha
Co quan di tc (TT Ging BL & Chi cc
BVTV AG.) th nghim nng hc.
11
BC-LIU I13mm ( 2,7ha)
12
Tm tt cc kt qu: Li dim: 1) Nuc
15 cm
10 cm 5 cm
L do nng dn phi dp b rung, v rung nh
(v san nuc).
Thuc t, gim Nuc > 50% (chi ph bom, luong nuc)
13
1a. T mc nc dng du :
Gim Iung ging gieo & khi cy dm. Thun tin
cho s dng my sa hng
D kim sot c (Dng 1 In dit c tin ny mm,
thay v 2-3 In) i trng sng
Phn bn phn b du: Hat chc,
t I gao nguyn cao
ng du Thong hiu go Vit Nam
La dng, t d ng Vn hnh my gt dp LH
(6-10% roi rng G 2% = gim 4- 8% hao ht)
DA STH
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1b. T l tha rng hon
Gim Iung c buou vng ph hai Ia, do gim s
muong
Tng din tch dt hu hiu thm 4- 7%
= Gi nguyn cc bin php nng
hc, sn Iung Ia d tng 4- 7% !
V d: 20 tr.tn 21 tr.tn
My gt dp Iin hp, gim thi gian quay vng,
hiu sut hoat dng cao.
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Cty Ging Cy trng Min Nam
Tri Lm H (Lm ng)
ha = tha(1 m
2
)
G 4 tha (4- 1 m
2
)
(2008)
Thu hoach th
cng +vc la
= 4,6 tr.d /ha
Thu hoach
GL
= 2,5 tr.d /ha
Gim 2,1 tr.d
/ha
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Mnh rung ln v bng phng s pht huy th mnh ca my GDLH
17
Tm tt cc kt qu (tip) :
Tng nng sut:
0,5- 1,5 tn/ha; ph bin 0,7 tn/ha
Qui ra LQI NHUAN (t cc gim & tng):
thm 4- 15 tr.d/ha; ph bin: 5 tr.d /ha
gp phn vo chuong trnh chung "3 gim
3 tng" ca B NN-PTNT (nay thnh
chuong trnh "1 phi 5 gim")
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Cc tr ngi v thch thc
1/ u tu thit bj cao
(200 tr.d, chua k my ko), nhung
chua phi yu t chnh (GL 500 tr.d)
2/ Thi gian lm vic ngn trong nm:
< 3 thng, cn dt kh; B$CL 3 vu.
3/ Loi ch chua qung b rng; nng dn
chua thy r d dm thu djch vu, v
ch my chua dm du tu thit bj
d di san thu (vng ln qun).
4/ Chua c h tro chnh thc
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II. VIEN CNH CA SAN PHANG LASER
GP PHN PHT TRIEN SX LA GAO
VIET NAM TRONG TH KY 21
Tng sn lng la go
Tng nng sut trn din tch hin c (trnh
by trn)
Tng din tch Ia = dua Ia In dt cao
Nng nghip chnh xc, c th l san
phng laser = cng c gp phn pht trin
la go ni ring vi c 2 cch trn, v
pht trin nng nghip Vit Nam ni chung
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Vn d: tuong phn v tin b k thut, nng
sut, sn luong gia:
- La nuc
- Cy trng can (bp, du, ma)
(= tong phn gia Vit Nam xut khu la go v
nhp khu dng ma, bp, du tong.)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
V sao c cum t "vn minh la nc Vit Nam v
vi nuc chu khc?
khc bit gia nng nghip n di v nng nghip
nhit di nhu VN= MUA, luong mua tp trung o at
21
A
22
!! "sn phm" ca mua
23
$o b: din tch la chi =1/7 din tch cy rng
v cy trng can / b hoang; tr phn dt ni
rt dc th din tch la 1/2- 1/3 dt dc nhe
u M, dt dc ny trng trot duoc v mua
phn b du, nhung Vit Nam chi trng tam,
nng sut thp, v nuc khi qu tha khi qu
thiu
Nhung nng nghip nuc ta th k 21 phi
dua trn dt dc ny, kh cn cch no khc.
Mun tng sn Iung Ia gao cng vy
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Gii php d xut
d gi nc, gi dt p dung san
phng diu khin bng laser.
Cc uu dim trn ca san phng laser du c th thuc
hin trn dt cao. $ liu thuc trn dt cao Vit Nam
chua c, nhung xem xt s liu tuong tu Pakistan,
Tajikistan v Tanzania vi cy trng can, cho thy uu
dim ca san phng laser trn dt cao.
Punjab (Pakistan), h tro ca nh nuc 50% gi
10000.U$: 20052009: 12000 b (san 20000 ha).
Tit kim 32% nuc; nng sut 4 tn 7 tn/ha
Chuong trnh san 2 tr.ha trong 10- 15 nm ti
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t dc:Rung bc thang 'co gii ha"
(dc 0,3%)
u tu/ hecta uc luong 20- 40 tr.d, khng ln
Gi nuc: mua 7 thng nuc 9- 10 thng
kh 5 thng thiu nuc 2- 3 thng,
vy lm duoc hai vu cy ngn ngy / nm
Gi (d ph nhiu) dt
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Rung bc thang "c truyn", rng 1- 2 m cn 15-30 m
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Nng nghip Vit Nam hng chc nm qua:
t thp: p b trng la; rung nh;
nng dn nh
t cao: Mua tri o at, nh hay ln du
nng sut thp. ng chuc nm qua, n
luc co gii ha nng nghip trn dt cao
chi dem lai vi kt qu khim tn hoc
khng kinh t,
$an phng laser s gp phn tao ra mt
nn nng nghip trn rung ln hon v
hu hiu hon.
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KT
K thut san laser c th gp phn tng
sn luong la gao Vit Nam, va bng
cch tng nng sut B$ Cu Long v
cc noi trng la hin tai, va bng cch
m rng din tch mi vng dt cao.
$an phng laser s gi nuc duoc, gi
dt duoc, tao ra dt di xanh tuoi nhu
dt la cho tuong lai lu di.
lai cho con chu ti sn dt-nuc
nhu th, cn g hanh phc bng !