PHNG TRNH CHA CN THC

1. PHNG PHP LU THA

Dng 1 : Phng trnh

Dng 2: Phng trnh

A 0( B 0)
A= B
A = B
B 0
A=B
2 Tng qut:
A = B

2k

B 0
A=B
2k
A = B

Dng 3: Phng trnh

+) A+

B=

A 0

B 0

A +B + 2 AB= C

3
3
3
3
+) A + B = C A + B + 3 A.B

(chuyn v dng 2)

A + 3 B = C (1)

v ta s dng php th : 3 A + 3 B = C ta c phng trnh : A + B + 3 3 A.B.C = C (2)

Dng 4:

A = B A = B3 ;

2 k +1

A = B A = B2 k +1

Ch : - Phng trnh (2) l phng trnh h qu ca ph tr (1).

- Php bnh phng 2 v ca mt phng trnh m khng c iu kin cho 2 v khng m l mt php
bin i h qu. Sau khi tm c nghim ta phi th li.
Gii cc phng trnh sau:
1)

x2 4x + 6 = x + 4

2)

x 2 2x + 4 = 2 x

3) ( x 3) x 2 4 = x 2 9

4)

3x 2 9 x + 1 = x 2

5)

x 2 3x + 2 3 x = 0

6)

8)

4 1 x = 2 x

9)

7) 3x 3 3x 1 = 5

16)

x + 5 + 3 x + 6 = 3 2 x + 11
x + 3 7 x = 2x 8
y 14 12 y = 0

18)

x 2 + 3x + 2 + x 2 + 6 x + 5 = 2 x 2 + 9 x + 7

10)
13)

11)
14)
17)

x +1 + 3 x + 2 + 3 x + 3 = 0
5 x 1 3x 2 x 1 = 0

3x 2 9 x + 1 = x 2
3

12)
15)

x + 1 + 3 x 1 = 3 5x
x 1 x 2 = x 3
x + 2 3 x = 5 2x

3x2 + 6x + 16+ x2 + 2x = 2 x2 + 2x + 4

19)

x +1 = x + 9 2

20)

x2 + 9 x2 7 = 2

(20) x + 3 + 3 x + 1 = 2 x + 2 x + 2
Nhn xt :
Nu phng trnh :
phng trnh v dng

f ( x ) + g ( x ) = h ( x ) + k ( x ) M c : f ( x ) + h ( x ) = g ( x ) + k ( x ) , th ta bin i
f ( x ) h ( x ) = k ( x ) g ( x ) sau bnh phng ,gii phng trnh h qu

x3 + 1
(21)
+ x + 1 = x2 x + 1 + x + 3
x+3
Nhn xt :

Nu phng trnh :

f ( x ) + g ( x ) = h ( x ) + k ( x ) M c : f ( x ) .h ( x ) = k ( x ) .g ( x ) th ta bin i

f ( x ) h ( x ) = k ( x ) g ( x ) sau bnh phng ,gii phng trnh h qu

2. PHNG PHP T N PH

Dng 1: Cc phng trnh c dng :

A.B + A.B + = 0 , t t = A.B A.B = t 2
. f ( x ) + . f ( x ) + = 0 , t t = f ( x) f ( x) = t 2
.( x a )( x b) + ( x a )

x b
x b
+ = 0 t t = ( x a )
( x a)( x b) = t 2
xa
xa

Ch :
Nu khng c iu kin cho t, sau khi tm c x th phi th li
Bi 1. Gii cc phng trnh sau:
7) 5 x 2 + 10 x + 1 = 7 x 2 2 x
1) ( x + 1)( x + 4) = 5 x 2 + 5 x + 28

2)

( x 3) 2 + 3x 22 =

x 2 3x + 7

3) x( x + 5) = 23 x 2 + 5 x 2 2

5) 4 (4 x)(2 + x) = x 2 2 x 12 6) (4 + x)(6 x) = x 2 2 x 12
Bi 2. Tm m phng trnh sau c nghim?
a) (1 + 2 x)(3 x) = 2 x 2 5 x + 3 + m
b) x 2 + 2 x + 4 ( 3 x )( x + 1) = m 3
4) x 2 4 x + 2 = 2 x 2 4 x + 5

Bi 3. Cho phng trnh: x 2 + 2 x + 4 (3 x)( x + 1) = m 2

a. Gii phng trnh khi m = 12
b. Tm m phng trnh c nghim?
x+1
Bi 4. Cho phng trnh: (x 3)(x + 1) + 4(x 3)
= m (3)
x 3
a. Gii phng trnh vi m = -3
b. Tm m phng trnh c nghim?