DTM Ben Xe Khach TN Sua111

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n: u t xy dng bn xe khch lin tnh Long
Vit Thi Nguyn
M U..............................................................................................7
1. XUT X CA D N..............................................................................7
2. CN C PHP LUT V K THUT CA VIC THC HIN NH
GI TC NG MI TRNG (TM).......................................................8
3. PHNG PHP P DNG TRONG QU TRNH THC HIN TM 11
4. T CHC THC HIN TM ..................................................................12
CHNG 1: M T TM TT D N.......................................14
1.1. TN D N.............................................................................................14
1.2. CH D N............................................................................................14
1.2.1. Tn c quan ch d n: ....................................................................14
1.2.2. a ch lin h: ..................................................................................14
1.2.3. in thoi:
Fax:..............................................14
1.2.4. H tn, chc danh ca ngi ng u c quan ch d n:.............14
1.3. V TR THC HIN D N..................................................................14
1.4. NI DUNG CH YU CA D N.....................................................16
1.4.1. Quy m ca d n..............................................................................16
1.4.2. Cc hng mc thi cng xy dng......................................................16
1.4.3. Gii php tng mt bng....................................................................18
1.4.4. Tng mc u t v ngun vn u t..............................................20
1.4.5. T chc qun l v thc hin d n..................................................22
1.4.6. Thit b phc v thi cng...................................................................23
CHNG 2 :IU KIN T NHIN, ..........................................25
2.1. IU KIN T NHIN V MI TRNG.........................................25

2.1.1. iu kin v a l, a cht..............................................................25
2.1.2. iu kin v kh tng thy vn....................................................25
2.1.3. Hin trng mi trng sinh thi........................................................28
2.1.4. Hin trng cc thnh phn mi trng t nhin................................28
2.1.4.1. Mi trng khng kh.................................................................31
2.1.4.2. Mi trng nc ........................................................................32
2.1.4.3. Mi trng t............................................................................35
2.2. IU KIN KINH T X HI..............................................................37
2.2.1. iu kin v kinh t...........................................................................37
2.2.2. iu kin v x hi............................................................................38
CHNG 3: NH GI TC NG MI TRNG................40
3.1. NH GI TC NG.........................................................................40
3.1.1. Ngun gy tc ng c lin quan n cht thi.................................41
3.1.1.1. Giai on thi cng xy dng d n ............................................41
3.1.1.2. Giai on hon thnh a cng trnh vo hot ng..................50
3.1.2. Cc ngun tc ng khng lin quan n cht thi...........................57
3.1.2.1. Giai on thi cng xy dng d n.............................................57
3.1.2.2. Khi d n i vo hot ng........................................................60
3.1.3. D bo nhng ri ro, s c mi trng do d n gy ra...................61
3.1.4. i tng b tc ng........................................................................61
n v thc hin: Cng ty c phn Long Vit

Vit Thi Nguyn
3.1.4.1. H sinh vt v con ngi xung quanh khu vc d n................61

3.1.4.2. Cc thnh phn mi trng vt l ti khu vc d n.................62
3.1.4.3. Mi trng kinh t - x hi khu vc d n.................................62
3.2. NHN XT V MC CHI TIT, TIN CY CA CC NH
GI..................................................................................................................62
3.2.1. nh gi i vi cc tnh ton v lu lng, nng v kh nng
pht tn kh c hi v bi...........................................................................63
3.2.2. nh gi i vi cc tnh ton v phm vi tc ng do ting n......63
3.2.3. nh gi i vi cc tnh ton v ti lng, nng v phm vi pht
tn cc cht nhim trong nc thi ..........................................................64
3.2.4. nh gi i vi cc tnh ton v lng cht thi rn pht sinh ......64
CHNG 4: BIN PHP GIM THIU TC NG XU,
PHNG NGA V NG PH S C MI TRNG..............65
4.1 GIAI ON SAN LP MT BNG V THI CNG XY DNG D

N...................................................................................................................65
4.1.1 Bin php gim thiu v x l cc tc ng xu................................65
4.1.1.1 Cc bin php gim thiu nhim mi trng khng kh, ting
n.............................................................................................................65
4.1.1.2 Cc bin php gim thiu tc ng n mi trng nc...........66
4.1.1.3 Cc bin php gim thiu tc ng ca cht thi rn..................67
4.1.2 Bin php gim thiu i vi s c mi trng.................................67
4.1.2.1 i vi s c tai nn lao ng.....................................................67
4.1.2.2 i vi s c tai nn giao thng..................................................68
4.1.3 Cc bin php gim thiu khc...........................................................68
4.2. GIAI ON BN XE I VO HOT NG......................................70
4.2.1 Bin php k thut x l nc thi....................................................70
4.2.1.1 Nc thi sinh hot......................................................................70
4.2.1.2 Nc ma chy trn....................................................................80
4.2.2 Thu gom v x l cht thi rn...........................................................81
4.2.3 Gim thiu nhim mi trng khng kh........................................82
4.2.4 Hn ch mc nh hng do ting n.............................................82
4.2.5 Cc bin php phng nga ng ph s c mi trng.......................83
4.2.5.1 Cc bin php phng chy cha chy:........................................83
4.2.5.2 Phng chng bo lt, chng st...................................................83
4.2.6 Cc bin php khc.............................................................................84
- Qun l cn b cng nhn vin tht tt khng cc t nn x hi
xy ra nh hng n uy tn ca cng ty cng nh nh hng n
nhn dn xung quanh khu vc bn..................................................85
CHNG 5: CHNG TRNH QUN L V............................86
GIM ST MI TRNG.............................................................86
5.1. Chng trnh qun l mi trng.............................................................86

5.1.1. Chng trnh qun l cc vn bo v mi trng........................86

Vit Thi Nguyn
5.1.2. M hnh t chc, c cu nhn s cho cng tc qun l mi trng..89

5.1.3. Lp k hoch qun l, trin khai cng tc bo v mi trng..........89
5.1.4. K hoch o to, gio dc nng cao nhn thc mi trng............89
5.2 Chng trnh gim st mi trng............................................................89
5.2.1 Gim st cht thi...............................................................................90
5.2.2 Theo di tnh hnh sc kho ca ngi dn quanh khu vc...............97
CHNG 6:THAM VN KIN CNG NG........................98
6.1. KIN CA U BAN NHN DN PHNG THNH N............98

6.1.1. V cc tc ng xu ca D n n mi trng t nhin v kinh t x
hi................................................................................................................98
6.1.2. V cc gii php, bin php gim thiu cc tc ng xu ca D n
n mi trng t nhin - x hi.................................................................98
6.1.3. Kin ngh...........................................................................................98
6.2. KIN CA U BAN MT TRN T QUC PHNG THNH
N UBMTTQ...............................................................................................99
hi................................................................................................................99
n mi trng t nhin - x hi.................................................................99
6.2.3. Kin ngh...........................................................................................99
6.3. KIN PHN HI V CAM KT CA CH D N TRC CC
KIN CA U BAN NHN DN V U BAN MT TRN T
QUC PHNG ...........................................................................................99
KT LUN V KIN NGH.........................................................100
1. KT LUN...............................................................................................100
2. KIN NGH...............................................................................................100
3. CAM KT.................................................................................................101
3.1. Cam kt thc hin chng trnh qun l v gim st mi trng..........101
3.2. Cam kt vi cng ng...........................................................................101
3.3. Cam kt tun th cc quy nh chung v bo v mi trng c lin quan
n cc giai on ca d n...........................................................................101

Vit Thi Nguyn
DANH MC CC BNG TRONG TM

Trang

Vit Thi Nguyn
DANG MC CC HNH TRONG TM

Trang
Hnh 1.1: Bn v tr xy dng d n...................................................................16
Hnh 1.2: S t chc lao ng ca cng ty.........................................................23
Hnh 2.1: S ly mu cc thnh phn mi trng.............................................31
Hnh 3.1: M hnh pht tn ngun ng..............................................................45
Hnh 3.2: S ngun gc pht sinh nc thi sinh hot......................................55
Hnh 4.1: B t hoi ci tin BASTAF.....................................................................74
Hnh 4.2: S b iu ho......................................................................................76
Hnh 4.3 S b lng ng....................................................................................80
Hnh 4.4: S h thng thot nc chung............................................................82
Hnh 4.5: S h thng thot nc sinh hot.......................................................82
Hnh 5.1: V tr ly mu gim st mi trng cho bn xe khch Long Vit Thi
Nguyn giai on XDCB...........................................................................................96
Nguyn giai on i vo hot ng..........................................................................97

Vit Thi Nguyn
DANH MC CC T, CM T VIT TT
VIT TT
VIT Y
UBND
U ban nhn dn
SXKD
Sn xut kinh doanh
Quyt nh
TT
Thng t
TM
nh gi tc ng mi trng
CP
C phn
TCVN
Tiu chun Vit Nam
QCVN
Quy chun Vit Nam
BTCT
B tng ct thp
KTCB
Kin thit c bn
QLDA
Qun l d n
THCS
Trung hc c s
PTTH
Ph thng trung hc
BOD
Nhu cu oxy sinh hc
COD
Nhu cu oxy ha hc
KDC
Khu dn c

Vit Thi Nguyn
M U
1. XUT X CA D N
a/ Tm tt xut x, hon cnh ra i ca d n
Hin nay giao thng vn ti ang chim mt vai tr v cng quan trng trong i
sng kinh t - x hi, n ng gp phn khng nh vo s tng trng ca nn kinh t
quc dn, n p ng c nhu cu vn chuyn, i li lm vic, tham quan du lch
ca nhn dn.
Trn a bn tnh Thi Nguyn hin c 120 tuyn vn ti khch lin tnh vi trn
500 xe khch hot ng, trong c ti 80 tuyn xut pht t bn xe khch thnh ph
Thi Nguyn (chim gn 70%), s cn li l n bn xe cc huyn, th trong tnh.
Ngoi cc tuyn xe khch cn c 7 tuyn xe but vi 70 xe ang hot ng, vi tn
sut xut bn t 15-25 pht/chuyn, hot ng 60-80 lt xe 1 tuyn/ ngy v 8 hng
taxi vi gn 100 u xe, hot ng ch yu khu vc trung tm thnh ph Thi
Nguyn.(Thuyt minh d n xy dng Bn xe khch lin tnh Long Vit - Thi Nguyn
- 2009).
Nh vy, trong nhng nm gn y cc phng tin vn ti, cc loi hnh vn
ti v nhu cu vn ti hnh khch tng nhanh trn a bn thnh ph. Cc phng
tin vn ti cn c bn xe phc v cho giao thng tng cao. Mt khc, bn xe khch
thnh ph Thi Nguyn hin nay c xy dng t lu nn c s vt cht ngho
nn v thiu thn, din tch cht hp khng p ng c nhu cu lu thng ca ngi
dn. Lng xe khch ngy mt tng ln dn n tnh trng qu ti ca khu vc bn xe.
Do vy, u t xy dng bn xe khch mi vi nhng iu kin c s h tng hin i,
y trong giai on hin nay l mt trong nhng yu cu cp bch ca tnh Thi
Nguyn ni chung v ca khu vc thnh ph ni ring.
Thc hin Quyt nh s 279/Q-UBND ngy 9/2/2009 ca UBND tnh Thi
Nguyn ph duyt quy hoch u t xy dng v pht trin bn xe khch trn a bn
tnh Thi Nguyn giai on 2009-2015 v nh hng n nm 2020. V Vn bn s
268/UBND-SXKD ngy 3/3/2009 ca UBND tnh Thi Nguyn v/v cho php Cng ty
CP Long Vit u t xy dng v qun l khai thc bn xe Thi Nguyn mi, d n
u t xy dng Bn xe khch lin tnh Long Vit Thi Nguyn c hnh thnh.
p ng cc yu cu v thc hin theo ng quy nh ca Lut bo v mi
trng, cng ty c phn (CP) Long Vit phi hp vi Trung tm Quan trc Mi
trng tnh Thi Nguyn t chc lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng (TM)

Vit Thi Nguyn
cho d n: u t xy dng bn xe khch lin tnh Long Vit Thi Nguyn

nhm mc ch:
- nh gi tc ng mi trng v xut bin php bo v mi trng giai
on thi cng xy dng bn xe khch lin tnh Long Vit Thi Nguyn.
- nh gi tc ng mi trng v xut bin php bo v mi trng giai
on bn xe i vo hot ng.
- Cam kt thc hin cc bin php bo v mi trng.
b/ C quan, t chc c thm quyn ph duyt d n u t
Cng ty c phn Long Vit
2. CN C PHP LUT V K THUT CA VIC THC HIN
NH GI TC NG MI TRNG (TM)
a/ Cn c php lut
- Lut Bo v Mi trng do Quc hi nc CHXHCN Vit Nam thng qua
ngy 29/11/2005;
- Lut Xy dng s 16/2003/QH11 ngy 26 thng11 nm 2003;
- Lut Ti nguyn nc ngy 20 thng 5 nm 1998;
- Ngh nh s 12/2009/N-CP ngy 12/2/2009 ca Chnh ph v qun l d n
u t xy dng cng trnh;
- Ngh nh 80/2006/N-CP ngy 09/8/2006 ca Chnh ph v vic quy nh
chi tit v hng dn thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut Bo v mi trng;
- Ngh nh s 81/N-CP ngy 09/8/2006 ca Chnh ph v x pht vi phm
hnh chnh trong lnh vc bo v mi trng;
- Ngh nh s 59/2007/N-CP ngy 09/4/2007 ca Chnh ph v hot ng
qun l cht thi rn;
- Ngh nh 21/2008/N-CP ngy 28/2/2008 ca Chnh ph sa i, b sung
mt s iu ca Ngh nh s 80/2006/N-CP ngy 09/8/2006 v vic quy nh chi
tit v hng dn thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut bo v mi trng;
- Ngh nh s 59/2007/N - CP ngy 9/4/2007 ca Chnh ph v hot ng
qun l cht thi rn;
- Ngh nh 04/2007/N-CP ngh nh sa i b sung mt s iu ca nghi
nh s 67/2003/N-CP v ph bo v mi trng i vi nc thi;
- Thng t s 05/2008/TT-BTNMT ngy 18/12/2008 ca B Ti nguyn v
Mi trng hng dn v nh gi mi trng chin lc, nh gi tc ng mi
trng v cam kt bo v mi trng;

Vit Thi Nguyn
- Thng t s 03/2009/TT- BXD ngy 26/3/2009 ca B Xy dng quy nh

chi tit mt s ni dung ca Ngh nh s 12/2009/N-CP;
- Quyt nh s 23/2006/Q-BTNMT ngy 26/12/2006 ca B Ti nguyn v
Mi trng v vic ban hnh danh mc cht thi nguy hi;
- Quyt nh s 3733/2002/Q-BYT ngy 10/10/2002 ca B trng B Y t
v cc tiu chun v sinh lao ng (Bao gm: 21 tiu chun v sinh lao ng, 5
nguyn tc v 7 thng s v sinh lao ng) v cc tiu chun mi trng lao ng
khc c lin quan;
- Quyt nh s 278/2005/Q-TTg ngy 2/11/2005 ca Th tng chnh ph
v/v ph duyt iu chnh quy hoch xy dng TP Thi Nguyn, tnh Thi Nguyn n
nm 2020;
- Quyt nh s 1069/Q-UBND ngy 26/5/2006 ca UBND tnh Thi Nguyn
v/v ph duyt quy hoch pht trin giao thng vn ti tnh Thi Nguyn giai on
2006-2010 v nh hng n nm 2020;
- Quyt nh s 279/Q-UBND ngy 9/2/2009 ca UBND tnh Thi Nguyn
ph duyt quy hoch u t xy dng v pht trin bn xe khch trn a bn tnh Thi
Nguyn giai on 2009-2015 v nh hng n nm 2020;
* Cc tiu chun v quy chun Vit Nam v mi trng:
- TCVN 5949-1998 - m hc - Ting n phng tin giao thng pht ra khi
tng tc , mc n ti a cho php;
- TCVN 5937:2005 - Cht lng khng kh - Tiu chun cht lng khng kh
xung quanh;
- TCVN 5938:2005 - Cht lng khng kh - Nng ti a cho php ca mt
s cht c hi trong mi trng khng kh xung quanh;
- TCVN 6438:2001 - Phng tin giao thng ng b - Gii hn ln nht cho
php ca kh thi;
- TCVN 6772:2000 - Cht lng nc - Nc thi sinh hot - Gii hn nhim
cho php;
- QCVN 03:2008/BTMT - Quy chun k thut Quc gia v gii hn cho php
ca kim loi nng trong t;
- QCVN 08:2008/BTMT - Quy chun k thut Quc gia v cht lng nc
mt;
- QCVN 09:2008/BTMT - Quy chun k thut Quc gia v cht lng nc
ngm;

Vit Thi Nguyn
- QCVN 14:2008/BTMT - Quy chun k thut Quc gia v nc thi sinh

hot;
- Cc vn bn khc c lin quan n php lut mi trng v lin quan n d
n;
b/ Cn c k thut
- Cc s liu v kh tng, thy vn ca tnh Thi Nguyn nm 2008 (Trm kh
tng thy vn Thi Nguyn);
- S liu, ti liu v kinh t - x hi ca phng Thnh n thnh ph Thi
Nguyn (Phiu iu tra kinh t - x hi, sc kho cng ng- Phng Thnh n
thnh ph Thi Nguyn 2009);
- Ngun ti liu, d liu do ch d n cung cp;
+ Vn bn s 268/UBND-SXKD ngy 3/3/2009 ca UBND tnh Thi Nguyn
v/v cho php Cng ty CP Long Vit u t xy dng v qun l khai thc bn xe Thi
Nguyn mi;
+Giy chng nhn u t s: 17 121 000 018 ngy 15/04/2009 ca UBND tnh
Thi Nguyn - chng nhn: Cng ty C Phn Long Vit u t d n bn xe Khch
Long Vit - Thi Nguyn;
+ Bo co nghin cu kh thi d n xy dng bn xe khch lin tnh Long Vit
Thi nguyn;
+ Bo co kinh t k thut d n u t xy dng bn xe khch;
+ Thuyt minh d n u t xy dng Bn xe khch lin tnh Long Vit - Thi
Nguyn;
+ Tm tt d n xy dng Bn xe;
- Cc s liu, ti liu kho st, quan trc, v phn tch mi trng do Trung tm
Quan trc Mi trng tnh Thi Nguyn phi hp vi Cng ty TNHH Ti nguyn v
Mi trng Th thc hin nm 2009;
c/ Ngun cung cp ti liu, d liu tham kho
- Hong Kim C, Trn Hu Uyn, Lng c Phm, L Kim Bng, Dng c
Hng. K thut mi trng. Nxb Khoa hc v k thut, H Ni 2001.
- Phm Ngc Chu. Mi trng nhn t gc qun l an ton cht thi - Cc
Bo v Mi trng.
- GS.TSKH. Phm Ngc ng. Mi trng khng kh. Nxb Khoa hc v k
thut, H Ni - 2003.
- Trn c H. X l nc thi sinh hot quy m va v nh. Nxb Khoa hc v
10

Vit Thi Nguyn
k thut, H Ni 2003.
- Hong Vn Hu v Trn c H. Thot nc tp II X l nc thi. Nxb
Khoa hc v K thut, H Ni - 2002.
- Trn Vn Nhn, Ng Th Nga. Gio trnh cng ngh x l nc thi. Nxb Khoa
hc v K thut, H Ni - 2000.
- Lm Minh Trit. X l nc thi th v cng nghip. Nxb HQG thnh ph
H Ch Minh.
- L Trnh. nh gi tc ng mi trng - Phng php v ng dng. Nxb
Khoa hc v k thut, H Ni - 2000.
- S tay an ton, v sinh v chm sc sc kho trn cng trng xy dng. Nxb
Xy dng, ca T chc Lao ng Quc t.
- B ti nguyn v Mi trng, V thm nh v nh gi tc ng mi trng.
Bo co d n Nghin cu c s khoa hc v phng php lun v TM tng hp
ca cc hot ng pht trin trn mt vng lnh th, H Ni - 2003.
- Mt s ti liu tham kho khc.
3. PHNG PHP P DNG TRONG QU TRNH THC HIN TM
Cc phng php nghin cu khoa hc v phng php lun c s dng
lp bo co TM d n u t xy dng Bn xe khch lin tnh Long Vit Thi
Nguyn, bao gm:
- Phng php thng k: Thu thp v x l cc s liu v kh tng thu vn,
kinh t - x hi, mi trng ti khu vc thc hin d n.
- Phng php lit k: Ch ra y cc tc ng cn ch do cc hot ng ca
d n gy ra.
- Phng php iu tra x hi hc: iu tra cc vn v mi trng v kinh t
- x hi qua phng vn lnh o v nhn dn a phng ti khu vc thc hin d n.
- Phng php tng hp, so snh: Tng hp cc s liu thu thp c, so snh
vi Tiu chun Mi trng Vit Nam, cc quy chun Quc gia v mi trng. T
nh gi hin trng cht lng mi trng nn ti khu vc nghin cu, d bo nh
gi v xut cc gii php gim thiu tc ng ti mi trng do cc hot ng ca
d n.
- Phng php nh gi nhanh trn c s h s nhim ca WHO: c s
dng c tnh ti lng cc cht nhim pht sinh khi trin khai xy dng v thc
hin d n.
- Phng php m hnh ho: S dng cc m hnh tnh ton d bo lan truyn
cc cht nhim trong mi trng khng kh v mi trng nc, t xc nh mc
11

Vit Thi Nguyn
, phm vi nhim mi trng khng kh v mi trng nc do cc hot ng ca

d n gy ra.
Phng php ly mu ngoi hin trng v phn tch trong phng th nghim:
on cn b ca Trung tm Quan trc Mi trng tnh Thi Nguyn tin hnh ly
mu, o c v phn tch cht lng mi trng khu vc d kin thc hin d n v
khu vc xung quanh bao gm: cht lng mi trng nc, khng kh lm c s
nh gi cc tc ng ca vic trin khai d n ti mi trng.
4. T CHC THC HIN TM
Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n: u t xy dng Bn xe khch
lin tnh Long Vit Thi Nguyn do Cng ty c phn Long Vit ch tr thc hin vi
s t vn chnh ca Trung tm Quan trc Mi trng tnh Thi Nguyn.
a/ n v lp bo co
Cng ty c phn Long Vit
a ch: 315 Trng Chinh, TP Nng.
i din n v: ng V Duy Tn Ch tch Hi ng Qun tr.
in thoi:
Fax:
- Cung cp s liu, ti liu lin quan n vic xy dng v hot ng ca d n.

- Phi hp cng on kho st ca Trung tm Quan trc Mi trng tnh Thi Nguyn
thu thp s liu, iu tra, ly mu, o c ti khu vc xy dng d n v xung quanh
lm c s nh gi hin trng mi trng ca khu vc d n.
b/ C quan t vn
Trung tm Quan trc Mi trng tnh Thi Nguyn
i din n v: Nguyn Th Giang - Gim c trung tm
a ch lin h: S 425A - ng Phan nh Phng - Thnh ph Thi Nguyn.
in thoi:
Fax:
- Lp on nghin cu TM, thu thp s liu v iu kin a l t nhin, kinh t x

hi v iu tra x hi hc khu vc d n.
- Ly mu, o c, phn tch cht lng mi trng trong v ngoi khu vc xy dng
d n theo ng tiu chun Vit Nam.
- D bo cc tc ng mi trng do d n v xut cc bin php gim thiu cc tc
ng tiu cc.
- xut chng trnh quan trc, gim st mi trng cho d n.
- Xy dng bo co tng hp.
12

Vit Thi Nguyn
- Bo co trc hi ng thm nh.

- Chnh sa v hon thin bo co.
Danh sch nhng ngi trc tip tham gia lp bo co TM

TT
H v tn
Chuyn ngnh o to
Chc danh
Nguyn Vn Tm
Ks Cng ngh mi trng
Nhn vin phng TM
Nguyn Th Hu
CN Khoa hc mi trng
Nhn vin phng TM
3
4
5
6
7
13

Vit Thi Nguyn
CHNG 1: M T TM TT D N
1.1. TN D N
D n u t xy dng bn xe khch lin tnh Long Vit Thi Nguyn
1.2. CH D N
1.2.1. Tn c quan ch d n:
- Cng ty c phn Long Vit
1.2.2. a ch lin h:
- 315 Trng Chinh, TP Nng.
1.2.3. in thoi:
Fax:
1.2.4. H tn, chc danh ca ngi ng u c quan ch d n:

ng V Duy Tn
Chc v: Ch tch Hi ng Qun tr
ng Trn nh Ba
Chc v: Tng Gim c iu hnh
1.3. V TR THC HIN D N

a im xy dng d n bn xe nm trn tuyn ng Quc l 3 v ng
Quang Trung thuc phng Thnh n, Thnh ph Thi Nguyn, Tnh Thi Nguyn,
vi tng din tch t s dng l 6,6 ha. Khu vc xy dng bn xe c v tr tip gip
nh sau:
- Pha Bc : Gip ng dn ln tuyn chnh Quc l 3 on qua TP Thi
Nguyn
- Pha Nam : Gip ng quy hoch
- Pha ng : Gip ng Quang Trung
- Pha Ty : Gip ng quy hoch
14

Vit Thi Nguyn
V tr xy dng d n
Hnh 1.1. Bn v tr thc hin d n
15

Vit Thi Nguyn
1.4. NI DUNG CH YU CA D N
1.4.1. Quy m ca d n
D n u t xy dng bn xe khch lin tnh Long Vit Thi Nguyn d kin
xy dng trn din tch 6,6 ha, vi cng sut nh sau
- Tng lt xe ra vo bn: 300 xe/ngy
- Doanh nghip t thu quy bn v: 25 doanh nghip
- Doanh nghip u thc bn xe bn v: 25 doanh nghip
- S xe xut bn cng lc nhiu nht: 30 xe
Tng vn u t: Cng ty CP Long Vit s b vn u t xy dng mi ton b
cc hng mc cng trnh t c s h tng k thut v cc cng trnh kin trc phc v
bn xe vi tng mc vn l 113.000.000.000 ng (Mt trm mi ba t ng).
1.4.2. Cc hng mc thi cng xy dng
a- Nh ga hnh khch : Cng trnh c thit k l khi nh 1 v 2 tng kt hp,
din tch sn 2741 m2, mi BTCT v mi ko thp t hp, tng ngoi p tm Alucabon. Tng din tch phn b c th nh sau:
Bng 1.1. Cc hng mc thi cng xy dng
16
STT
Hng mc cng trnh
Thng s k thut
2
Tng
2201,7
Bo co nh
gitrt
tc ng mi trng d n: u t xy dng
bn xemkhch lin tnh Long
Vit Thi Nguyn
163 m2
1
Tin snh
b- Bi xe tr Khch :
2
Snh ch mua v
308 m
Quy Sch Bo, gii kht
94 m2
Quy bn v
57 m2
ATM
6,3 m2
Khng gian ch
621 m2
Shop + Kit
59 m2
Bu in
16,5 m2
Cng tin- gii kht
136,4 m2
10
Phc v + Kho
34,4 m2
11
Phng hnh chnh
63 m2
12
Phng Gim c
26 m2
13
Phng iu
26 m2
14
Nhn k gi hng
16,6 m2
15
Kho
12,8 m2
16
Phng an ninh
4,6 m2
17
Khu v sinh
75,8 m2
18
Hnh lang ch ln xe
153,3 m2
19
Din tch giao thng, ph tr
328 m2
Tng 2
539,3 m2
20
Hi trng
152,2 m2
21
Snh tng
63,4 m2
22
Phc v n ung
137,2 m2
23
Bp + Kho + Phc v
57 m2
24
V sinh
44 m2
25
Giao thng + ph tr
85,5 m2
Khung thp
Polycacbonat
mi,
mi
lp
tn
tm
: 223 m2.
17

Vit Thi Nguyn
c- Nh xe my khch+ nhn vin (khung thp mi lp tn):

Trong : - Nh xe khch
- Nh xe nhn vin
: 344 m2.
: 244m2
: 100m2
d- Nh thu gom rc
: 40m2
e- Trm xng du
: 474m2
Trong :
- Mi che
: 288 m2
- Nh iu hnh
: 90 m2
- Ra xe
: 96 m2
f- B x l nc thi
g- Gara sa xe + Dch v ra xe
h- Nh ngh Bn xe
: 45m3.
: 750m2
: 1850m2
( 18phng 1 ging v 21 phng 2 ging + dch v n ung, gii kht)

i- Kho hng ho + kho tm
: 1.900m2
k- Nh v sinh cng cng
: 130m2
l- Trm kim sot
: 48m2
m- Cc Kit
: 2010m2
n- Cng, tng ro
o- Sn BT nha (bi xe):
: 1.128m
: 35.385m2
p- H thng PCCC
q- H thng cp in chiu sng, chng st
r- H thng cp thot nc
x- Cy xanh cnh quan
: 21.786m2
1.4.3. Gii php tng mt bng

-Vi din tch khu t 66000 m2 tn dng ti a qu t cho nhu cu lm bi xe
ln khch hay bi xe ch ti v ng giao thng (chim khong 53,35%), cc cng
trnh kin trc chim khong 13,38%, cy xanh 33,27% .
- Nh ga hnh khch l cng trnh chnh ca Bn xe, c mu sc hi ho, b cc
thng thong. Kin trc cng trnh th hin phong cch hin i. Mt ngoi s dng
vt liu Alucabon ph hp vi cng trnh cng cng.
- V mt qun l bn xe c phn lm 2 khu vc chnh:
+ Khu vc pha trc nh ga: Khch ra vo t do.
18

Vit Thi Nguyn
+ Khu vc pha sau nh ga: Khch c v mi c vo khu vc ny.

- V qui hach cc hng mc cng trnh c b tr nh sau:
+ Cng: B tr 2 cng 2 bn, 1 cng vo v 1 cng ra cho tt c cc lai phng
tin.
+ Trm kim sot: C 3 trm kim sot v bo v c b tr nh sau:
* Bo v cng vo.
* Bo v cng ra.
* Bo v cng ph
+ Nh ga hnh khch:
* L cng trnh chnh, v tr mt tin, cch tng ro 90m.
* Pha trc nh ga thit k mng xanh, to cnh quan cho nh ga.
* B tr ch u xe hi cho khch ti sn trc nh ga.
* Khch vo nh ga mua v v i xut bn ti phng i v ra xe xut bn t
ca sau.
* Trong nh ga c cc dch v phc v cho khch nh: in thai, internet, ATM,
sc in thai di ng, shop v n ung.
* B tr 25 quy bn v, trong 15 quy dnh cho 15 doanh nghip c ng k
thu quy, v 10 quy dnh cho cc doanh nghip y thc cho bn bn.
+ Nh ngh:
* B tr ring bit, nm bn cnh, pha Bc nh Ga Hnh Khch
* Phc v cho khch trong v ngoi bn xe.
+ Trm xng, du:
* Nm v pha ng Nam khu t trn ng Quang Trung.
* Phc v cho xe trong v ngoi bn.
+ Ga ra sa v ra xe: pha cui khu t, gn bi v gi xe qua m, thun
tin thot nc
+ Nh v sinh cng cng : nm bn trong nh ga, v tr d thy, pha trong bi
xe c b tr thm 2 nh v sinh cng cng.
+ Xe th, xe taxi, v xe n ngi thn u tp trung pha trc, gn bi xe tr
khch.
1.4.4. Tng mc u t v ngun vn u t
- Loi hnh doanh nghip: Cng ty C phn
19

Vit Thi Nguyn
Cng ty CP Long Vit s b vn u t xy dng mi ton b cc hng mc

cng trnh t c s h tng k thut v cc cng trnh kin trc phc v bn xe.
- Tng vn u t: 113.000.000.000 ng.
- Ngun vn u t: L vn t c ca doanh nghip v vn vay thng mi.
Trong chi ph cho tng hng mc c th theo bng sau:
Bng 1.2. Chi ph u t cho tng hng mc
TNG MC U T :
TT
Cng trnh
.v Kh.lng
n gi
Thnh tin
CC CNG TRNH KIN TRC
Nh ga hnh khch
m2
Tin Snh
m2
163
3.000.000
489.000.000
Cc Khng gian chc nng khc
m2
2,202
4.200.000
9.248.400.000
Hnh lang ch ln xe
m2
153
3.000.000
459.900.000
Bi xe tr khch
m2
223
2.500.000
557.500.000
Nh Ngh Bn Xe
m2
1,850
4.500.000
8.325.000.000
Ca hng xng du + Bn b
m2
474
2.800.000
1.327.200.000
Nh xe nhn vin
m2
100
1.500.000
150.000.000
Nh gi Xe 2 bnh
m2
244
1.500.000
366.000.000
Kho Hng ho
m2
1,250
2.000.000
2.500.000.000
Kho tm
m2
650
1.500.000
975.000.000
WC cng cng
m2
130
3.500.000
455.000.000
Xng sa cha t + Ra Xe
m2
750
2.800.000
2.100.000.000
10
Trm kim sot
m2
48
3.000.000
144.000.000
11
Cc Kit
m2
2,010
2.000.000
4.020.000.000
12
Tng ro ,cng
1,128
1.000.000
1.128.000.000
II
H THNG H
32.245.000.000
10.754.800.000
34.307.140.000
TNG K THUT
20

Vit Thi Nguyn
13
San nn
14
B nc + i nc
m3
15
Sn ng ni b
m2
35,385
500.000
17.692.500.000
16
Cy xanh - sn vn - tiu cnh
m2
21,786
50.000
1.089.300.000
17
Khu x l nc thi
m2
45
18
H thng cp in ngoi nh
650.000.000
19
H thng thot nc ma v nc
thi
450.000.000
20
H thng cp nc ngoi nh
150.000.000
21
H thng cha chy ngoi nh
300.000.000
22
Trm bin p + my pht in
500.000.000
TNG CNG
180,362
70.000
12.625.340.000
500.000.000
350.000.000
a+b
66.552.140,000
III
CHI PH N B GII TA
33.158.512.200
IV
CHI PH KHC
5.389.872.548
Chi ph t vn thit k
2.558%
1.702.403.741
Chi ph QLDA
1.980%
1.317.732.372
Chi ph lp d n u t
0.483%
321.446.836
Chi ph thm tra bn v TKTC
0.151%
100.493.731
Chi ph thm tra d ton
0.147%
97.831.646
Chi ph gim st thi cng cng trnh
2.038%
1.356.332.613
Chi ph lp h s mi thu xy lp
0.249%
165.714.829
10
Chi ph bo him
0.200%
133.104.280
11
Chi ph lp quy hoch tng mt bng
1,45hax20.000.000x1.25x1.1
12
Chi ph kho st a hnh
15.000.000
13
Chi ph kho st a cht
120.000.000
CHI PH D PHNG
TNG CHI PH
10.000%
59.812.500
7.194.201.255
112.294.726.003
21

Vit Thi Nguyn
1.4.5. T chc qun l v thc hin d n

a/ Nhu cu lao ng
- Tng s lao ng: Khi d n i vo hot ng tng s cn b cng nhn cng ty l
58 ngi.
- Ngun lao ng:
u tin s dng ngun lao ng 100% lm vic ti thnh ph Thi Nguyn v
mt phn nhn vin ti bn xe khch Thi Nguyn hin c.
b/ T chc qun l lao ng
Cng ty CP
Long Vit
Cng ty CP dch
v CTCC
Gim c iu
hnh
Ph Gim c
k hoch
T
v
K
hoch
iu
Ph Gim c
an ninh
Dch
v
khc
h
Nh
ngh
B
phn
tng
hp
k
ton
Dch
v
sa
cha
Dch
v h
tr
Dch
v h
tr
Dch
v
h
tr
Hnh 1.2. S t chc lao ng ca cng ty

c/ B tr lao ng
Vic b tr lao ng c xc nh trn c s yu cu v khi lng, tnh cht cng
vic c th. S lng lao ng ca Bn xe khch c th hin bng sau:
22

Vit Thi Nguyn
Bng 1.3. Bin ch lao ng

STT
Chc danh Cng vic
S lao ng
Tng s
58
Gim c
5 ngi
1 ng
Ph gim c
K hoch iu - ti v
Nhn vin bn v ca doanh nghip
20
Nhn vin bn v ca bn xe
T chc hnh chnh
Bo v
Nhn vin iu hnh v phc v nh ngh
Nhn vin qun l v bn ti cy xng
10
Dch v n ung
11
Phng hng dn v pht thanh vin
2 ng
1.4.6. Thit b phc v thi cng

Cc thit b my mc phc v thi cng d n ch yu l thu ca cc n v xy
dng chuyn nghip. Theo c tnh khi lng o p v thi cng trn hin trng,
nhu cu thit b chnh phc v thi cng nh sau:
Bng 1.4. Cc loi thit b chnh phc v thi cng trn cng trng
STT
Tn thit b
n v
S lng
My xc
Chic
My i
Chic
My gt
Chic
My lu
Chic
Xe t ti 5-10 tn:
Chic
1.4.7. Tin thc hin

Bng 1.5 : Tin thc hin d n
23

Vit Thi Nguyn
Tin thc hin

Stt Ni dung cng Nm 2010
vic
Q I Q II Q
III
1
Cng tc chun b
thc hin d n
Chun b mt bng,
u thu xy dng
Thi cng phn th

cng trnh
Thi cng hon

thin cng trnh
Cng tc lp t
trang thit b, bn
giao cng trnh,
o to i ng
cn b cng nhn
vin
a d n vo hot
ng
Nm 2011
Q IV Q I
Q II Q
III
2012...
Q IV
24

Vit Thi Nguyn
CHNG 2 :IU KIN T NHIN,

MI TRNG V KINH T X HI
2.1. IU KIN T NHIN V MI TRNG
2.1.1. iu kin v a l, a cht
a hnh khu vc d n kh bng phng, cao chnh lch trong khu vc d
kin xy dng khng ng k khong 1,7 m.
a tng trong khu vc kho st t mt t n su 13,4 m c chia thnh 3 lp
nh sau:
Lp 1: t lp, c thnh phn l st pha ln b tng, si sn; trng thi na cng
n do, kt cu cht va. Lp t ny nm ngay trn b mt, b dy ca lp ny l
0,5m.
Lp 2: St pha, trng thi na cng, su xut hin mt lp l 0,5m; t c
thnh phn l st pha mt lp ln bt kt phong ho, b dy ca lp ny l 1-1,5m.
Lp 3: bt kt phong ho, trng thi cng. su xut hin mt lp thay i
t 1,5-2m.
Trong thi gian kho st a cht khu vc cha gp nc di t, iu cho
thy nc di t tng su, do vy khng nh hng n vic thi cng mng cng
trnh sau ny.
(Ngun: Cng ty t vn kin trc Thi nguyn - 2008. Thuyt minh kho st a cht
xy dng cng trnh )
2.1.2. iu kin v kh tng thy vn
* iu kin kh tng
Theo s liu quan trc ca Trm kh tng thu vn tnh Thi Nguyn nm
2008, nhn chung khu vc phng Thnh n ni ring v khu vc thnh ph Thi
Nguyn ni chung chu nh hng ca kh hu nhit i gi ma, nng m v c
lng ma kh phong ph, mang tnh cht chung ca kh hu min Bc Vit Nam. Kh
hu c chia lm hai ma r rt. Ma kh ko di t thng 11 n thng 4 nm sau,
hng gi ch o ng - Bc, Bc. Vo ma ny, thi tit kh hanh, lnh, t ma.
Nhit thng lnh nht c th xung n 6oC. Ma ma ko di t thng 5 n thng
10 trong nm, hng gi ch o Nam v ng - Nam. Thi gian ny thi tit nng
m, ma nhiu. Nhit ngy nng nng c th ln ti 41,5oC.
- Nhit khng kh
Nhit khng kh c nh hng n s lan truyn v chuyn ha cc cht
nhim trong khng kh; ng thi n c lin quan n qu trnh bay hi ca cc cht
25

Vit Thi Nguyn
hu c. Cc tc nhn gy nhim mi trng khng kh l nhng yu t gy nh

hng ng k n sc khe ngi lao ng v mi trng xung quanh. Ti khu vc
trin khai d n nhit khng kh trung bnh hng nm l:
+ Nhit khng kh trung bnh nm:
23,6oC
+ Nhit trung bnh cao nht:
28.9oC
+ Nhit trung bnh thp nht:
17oC
- m khng kh
m khng kh l mt trong nhng yu t cn thit khi nh gi mc tc
ng ti mi trng khng kh ca d n. y l tc nhn nh hng trc tip n s
pht tn, lan truyn cc cht gy nhim.
Ti khu vc c:
+ m tng i trung bnh nm ca khng kh:
82%
+ m tng i trung bnh thng ln nht:
88%
+ m tng i trung bnh thng thp nht:
77%
- Lng ma
Ma c tc dng lm sch mi trng khng kh v pha long cht thi lng, n
ko theo cc ht bi v ha tan mt s cht c hi trong khng kh ri ri xung t,
c kh nng gy nhim t v nhim nc.
Lng ma ton khu vc c phn b theo hai ma: Ma ma ko di t thng
5 n thng 10, lng ma tng dn t u ma ti gia ma, cc trn ma ko di t
3 4 ngy, ma kh (t ma) t thng 11 n thng 4 nm sau.
+ Ngy ma cao nht t 104,9 mm.
+ S ngy c ma khong : 150 160 ngy/nm.
+ Lng ma trung bnh thng: 167,1mm
+ Lng ma trung bnh thng ln nht (thng 7):
489mm
+ Lng ma trung bnh thng nh nht (thng 2):
0,3mm
+ Lng ma trung bnh nm:
1500-2500 mm
- Tc gi v hng gi
Gi l yu t kh tng c bn c nh hng n s lan truyn cc cht
nhim trong kh quyn v lm xo trn cc cht nhim trong nc. Tc gi
cng cao th cht nhim trong khng kh cng lan ta xa ngun nhim v nng
cht nhim cng c pha long bi khng kh sch. Ngc li khi tc
gi cng nh hoc khng c gi th cht nhim s bao chm xung mt t ti
26

Vit Thi Nguyn
chn cc ngun thi lm cho nng cht gy nhim trong khng kh xung
quanh ngun thi s t gi tr ln nht.
Ti khu vc ny, trong nm c hai ma chnh, ma ng gi c hng Bc v
ng - Bc, ma h gi c hng Nam v ng Nam.
+ Tc gi cc tiu trong nm:
0,3m/s
+ Tc gi cc i trong nm:
18m/s
+ Tc gi trung bnh nm :
1,9 m/s
- Nng v bc x
Bc x mt tri v nng l yu t quan trng nh hng trc tip n ch
nhit trong vng, qua nh hng n qu trnh pht tn cng nh bin i cc cht
nhim.
+ S gi nng trong nm: 1.300 - 1.750 gi/nm.
+ S gi nng trong ngy: 4 - 5 gi/ngy.
+ Bc x: Lng bc x bnh qun: 125,4 Kcal/cm2.
* iu kin thy vn
Vi lng ma kh ln, trung bnh t 1.500 - 2.500 mm/nm. Tuy nhin lng
ma phn b khng u theo khng gian v thi gian. Khu vc thnh ph Thi
Nguyn c lng ma tp trung nhiu, ch yu tp trung vo ma ma t thng 5 n
thng 10 (khong 87%). Trong ring lng ma thng 8 chim n gn 30% tng
lng ma c nm. Vo ma kh, c bit l thng 12, lng ma trong thng ch
bng 0,5% lng ma c nm.
Khu t xy dng d n Bn xe khch lin tnh Long Vit Thi Nguyn, phng
Thnh n, thnh ph Thi Nguyn thuc vng trung lu sng Cu, trong vng cn c
mt mng li cc rch nc, sui nh (in hnh l sui M Bch). c bit, khu vc
ny cn chu nh hng ca tiu kh hu H Ni Cc nn khng kh mt m v trong
lnh. Khu vc d n nm trong khu vc t khng b ngp lt, mt bng thot nc
tt. Ngun tip nhn nc thi ca bn xe khi i vo hot ng l h thng thot nc
chung ca thnh ph Thi Nguyn.
* Cc sng sui chnh trong khu vc
- Sng Cu l sng chnh trong h thng sng Thi Bnh (din tch 3.478 km2,
chim 47% ton b din tch h thng) vi tng chiu di l 288 km. Sng Cu bt
ngun t vng ni Vn On (nh cao 1.326 m), chy qua Ch n, i qua pha Ty
Bch Thng-Ch Mi (Bc Kn), chy v Ph Lng, ng H, thnh ph Thi
Nguyn, Yn Phong, Qu V (Bc Ninh), Hip Ho, Vit Yn, Yn Dng (Bc Giang)
v ti Ph Li (Hi Dng). Sng Cu chy qua gn nht khu vc d n (cch 1,5km)
27

Vit Thi Nguyn
khu vc gip gianh ng Bm, Linh Sn, Hung Thng. Lu vc sng Cu c

mdun dng chy trung bnh t 22-24 l/s.km2. Dng chy nm dao ng khng nhiu,
nm nhiu nc ch gp 1,8-2,3 ln so vi nm t nc. H s bin i dng chy
khong 0,28. Dng chy ca sng Cu chia thnh hai ma r rt: Ma l v ma cn.
Ma l thng bt u vo thng 6 v kt thc vo thng 9 hoc thng 10. Lng dng
chy ma l khng vt qu 75% lng nc c nm. Thng c dng chy ln nht l
thng 8, chim 18-20% lng dng chy c nm. Thng cn nht l thng 1 hoc
thng 2, lng dng chy khong 1,6-2,5%. Sng Cu l mt ngun nc c gi tr,
gii quyt cc nhu cu cp nc cho thnh ph Thi Nguyn trc mt v lu di.
Sng cn l ni tip nhn nc thi ch yu ca thnh ph Thi Nguyn cng nh ca
mt s huyn trong tnh. Ngun tip nhn nc thi cui cng ca bn xe l sng Cu
nhng khng chu s chi phi trc tip ca con sng ny.
- Sui M Bch l mt nhnh nh chy ra sng Cu, l con sui tip nhn ngun
nc thi ca cc phng Thnh n, Quan Triu, x Quyt Thng...ca thnh ph
Thi Nguyn. Sui M Bch c chiu rng trung bnh 5-7m, lng sui c dc va
phi, mc nc vo ma kh t 30 50cm, v ma ma l t ti 1 1,5m. Tc
dng chy trung bnh 8,5m/pht, lu lng thng thng t 0,4 n 0,8m 3/s. Sui M
Bch ch yu l ngun tip nhn nc thi ca khu vc v c s dng ch yu cho
mc ch thy li.
2.1.3. Hin trng mi trng sinh thi
H sinh thi trong khu vc rt ngho nn, h sinh thi t nhin hu nh b thay
th, tnh a dng sinh hc thp v c nguy c s ph hu hon ton do vic thc hin
cc loi d n quy hoch.
Tuy cha c mt nghin cu chi tit v hin trng a dng sinh hc ti y, tuy
nhin qua qu trnh kho st thc a phc v bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng,
nhm tc gi cng ghi nhn mt s c im ch yu nh sau
- Thc vt
Thm thc vt t nhin hu nh khng cn do hot ng canh tc ca con ngi,
thc vt ph bin trong khu vc l cc loi cy lng thc thng thng. Din tch cy
xanh cng b thu hp dnh ch cho cc hot ng kinh t, dn sinh khc.
- ng vt
H ng vt trong khu vc d n kh ngho nn v mt chng loi. H ng vt
y ch yu l cc loi ng vt c thun dng v gn gi vi cuc sng nh:
gia sc, gia cm... Cc loi hoang d cn st li l chut, ch nhi, rn v mt s loi
khc khng c gi tr bo tn.
2.1.4. Hin trng cc thnh phn mi trng t nhin
28

Vit Thi Nguyn
nh gi hin trng mi trng khu vc, ngy 02/10/2009 i din Trung tm

Quan trc Mi trng tnh Thi Nguyn tin hnh o c, ly mu mi trng ti
khu vc t 1, t 18 v xung quanh a im trin khai d n bn xe khch lin tnh
Long Vit Thi Nguyn. Vic ly mu v phn tch trong phng th nghim c thc
hin theo cc Tiu chun Vit Nam. Kt qu thu c dng nh gi cht lng cc
thnh phn mi trng hin ti cng nh trong vic kim sot, phng nga cc vn
nhim mi trng sau ny.
29
Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n: u t xy dng bn xe khch lin tnh Long Vit Thi Nguyn
S v tr ly mu c th hin hnh 2.1
Hnh 2.1: S ly mu cc thnh phn mi trng

30

Vit Thi Nguyn
2.1.4.1. Mi trng khng kh

Kt qu o v phn tch cht lng khng kh ti khu vc d n xy dng v khu
vc xung quanh c th hin bng 2.1.
Bng 2.1. Kt qu o v phn tch cht lng mi trng khng kh ti khu vc d n
v khu vc xung quanh (Xem ph lc Bng kt qu phn tch s 0404-1 n 04045/TQM-KQ)
Kt qu
KK4.04-1
KK4.04-2
KK4.04-3
KK4.04-4
KK4.04-5
TCVN
5937,
5938:2005;
5949:1998
65,7
63,5
67,2
62,4
62,2
75
<0,01
<0,01
<0,01
<0,01
0,2
St
t
Tn
ch
tiu
n
v
dBA
NH3 mg/m3 <0,01
H2S
NO2 mg/m3 <0,05
SO2
Bi
mg/m3 <0,0123 <0,0123 <0,0123 <0,0123 <0,0123 0,042
<0,05
<0,05
<0,05
<0,05
0,2
mg/m3 0,03
<0,026
<0,026
<0,026
<0,026
0,35
mg/m3 <0,1
0,15
<0,1
0,44
<0,1
0,3
Ch thch:
* V tr ly mu
- KK-4.04-1: Khu vc trung tm ca d n. Ta UTM (N21 o34571,
E105048713);
- KK-4.04-2: Ti nh ng Nguyn Vn Cng, t 1, Phng Thnh n,tp Thi
Nguyn, cch d n 100m v hng Bc. To UTM (N21o34669, E105048645);
- KK-4.04-3: Khu vc cch d n 150m v pha ng ( gip vi ng cao tc
trnh Thnh ph ). To UTM (N21o34609, E105048790);
- KK-4.04-4: Khu dn c pha Nam ca d n ( cch d n 100m ). To UTM
o
(N21 34495, E105048782);
- KK-4.04-5: Khu dn cch d n 100m v pha Ty. Ta UTM (N21 o34488,
E105048710);
* Thi gian ly mu
- Ngy ly mu: 19/10/2009
- Gi ly mu: T 14h 16h30
- Ngy phn tch: 19/10/2009 - 30/10/2009
* Tiu chun so snh
31

Vit Thi Nguyn
- i vi cc ch tiu: NO2, SO2, H2S, NH3, Bi

Khu vc khng kh xung quanh c so snh vi Tiu chun Vit Nam TCVN
5937:2005, 5938:2005.
- i vi ch tiu: Ting n c so snh vi Tiu chun Vit Nam TCVN
5949:1998.
Nhn xt:
Hu ht cc ch tiu o c v phn tch v bi, kh c u nm trong gii hn
cho php. Ring ch tiu v bi ti v khu dn c pha Nam ca d n ( cch d n
100m ) c biu cao hn 1,47 ln so vi tiu chun. V y l ni gn ng giao thng
din ra nhiu hot ng i li ca cc phng tin c gii, tuy nhin gi tr ny vt
qu tiu chun cho php khng ng k. Qua thy cht lng mi trng khng kh
khu vc d n cn kh tt, iu cng cho thy kh nng chu ti ca mi trng
khng kh khu vc d n l tng i tt.
2.1.4.2. Mi trng nc
nh gi cht lng mi trng nc do nc thi ca d n gy ra, Trung
tm Quan trc Mi trng tnh Thi Nguyn tin hnh ly cc mu nc ngm v
xung quanh khu vc d n phn tch. Kt qu phn tch va l cn c nh gi
hin trng mi trng nc hin ti ca d n, va l c s so snh v nh gi s
nh hng ca ngun nc thi ca d n n cht lng mi trng nc trong khu
vc v ti ngun tip nhn trong nhng t quan trc gim st cht lng mi trng
nc sau ny. Kt qu phn tch c th hin cc bng sau:
Bng 2.2: Kt qu o v phn tch cht lng mi trng nc ngm xung quanh d
n (Xem ph lc Bng kt qu phn tch s 0404-8 v 0404-9/TQM-KQ )
Kt qu
QCVN
09:2008/BTNM
T
Stt
Tn ch tiu
n v
NN-4.04-1
NN-4.04-2
pH
--
4,9
4,9
6,5-8,5
SO42-
mg/l
4,93
1,07
400
NO3-N
mg/l
0,66
0,04
15
NO2-N
mg/l
<0,005
<0,005
NH4-N
mg/l
<0,006
<0,006
0,1
PO43--P
mg/l
<0,05
<0,05
KPHT
Coliform
MPN/100ml
<1
190
32

Vit Thi Nguyn
Ch thch:
KPHT: Khng pht hin thy (Khng c php c mt trong nc ngm)
: Quy chun khng quy nh
--: Khng c n v
* V tr ly mu
- NN-4.04-1: Ti nh ng Nguyn Vn Cng, t 1, phng Thnh n, tp
Thi Nguyn, cch d n 100m v hng Bc. To UTM (N21o34669,
E105048645);
- NN-4.04-2: Ti nh b Bi Th Hoi, t 18, phng Thnh n, tp Thi
Nguyn, cch d n 100m v hng Nam. To UTM (N21o34528,
E105048794).
* Thi gian ly mu
- Ngy ly mu: 15/10/2009
- Gi ly mu: T 9h15'
- Ngy phn tch: 15/10/2009 n 30/10/2009.
* Tiu chun so snh
Nc di t (nc ngm) c s dng Quy chun quc gia v cht lng
nc ngm QCVN 09 : 2008/BTNMT so snh.
Nhn xt
Cc kt qu thu c u thp hn hoc bng so vi QCVN 09:2008, iu
khng nh rng cht lng nc ngm trong khu vc d n ti thi im ly mu vn
tt. y cng l cn c quan trng nh gi mc tc ng ca nc thi bn xe
n mi trng nc di t sau ny. Tuy nhin c 2 mu nc ngm u c pH
( 4,9 ) nh hn so vi quy chun. Qua kho st khng nhn thy c ngun gy nhim
ch tiu ny, v vy c th nhn nh pH thp l do cu to v tnh cht ca tng a
cht ti khu vc . Mt khc, kt qu phn tch cho thy c 2 mu nc ngm u c
mt PO43--P trong khi quy chun quy nh ch tiu ny khng c php c mt trong
nc ngm, v ch tiu Coliform mu NN-4.04-2 vt qu 63,3 ln so vi gi tr
gii hn ca quy chun. iu ny cho thy nc ngm khu vc ny b nhim
Coliform kh nng, c th l gii l do ging nc ca dn c khu vc d n b nh
hng ca chung tri chn nui t cnh .
Kt qu o v phn tch cht lng nc mt c th hin bng 2.3
33

Vit Thi Nguyn
Bng 2.3: Kt qu o c v phn tch cht lng nc mt xung quanh khu vc d

n (Xem ph lc-Bng kt qu phn tch s 0404-6 n 0404-7/TQM-KQ)
STT Tn ch tiu
n v
Kt qu
NM-404-1
QCVN
NM-404-2 09:2008/BTNMT
pH
6,9
6,7
5,5 9
BOD5
mg/l
16,1
17
25
COD
mg/l
75,5
105
50
TSS
mg/l
61,8
72,1
100
NO3-N
mg/l
0,13
0,3
15
NO2-N
mg/l
0,126
0,152
0,05
NH4-N
mg/l
19,327
12,22
Tng N
mg/l
25,75
18,73
Du m
mg/l
<0,1
<0,1
0,3
10
Coliform
MPN/100ml
19800
23000
10000
Ch thch:
- : Tiu chun khng quy nh
- --: Khng c n v
- KPHT": Khng pht hin thy (Khng c php c mt trong nc mt)
* V tr ly mu
- NM-4.04-1: Trn sui La Hin, sau im tip nhn nc thi ca d n 100m
v pha ng Bc. To UTM (N21o34606, E105048790);
-NM-4.04-2: Ti knh thot nc trong khu vc d n. To UTM
o
(N21 34574, E105048758);
* Thi gian ly mu
- Ngy ly mu: 15/10/2009
- Gi ly mu: T 9h
- Thi gian ly mu: 30 pht
- Ngy phn tch: 15/10/2009 n 30/10/2009.
* Tiu chun so snh
Nc mt c s dng Quy chun quc gia v cht lng nc mt QCVN 08 :
2008/BTNMT so snh.
Nhn xt:
34

Vit Thi Nguyn
Kt qu phn tch trn cho thy: Cc ch tiu nhim c trng nh COD, NH4N, Tng N, Coliform ca nc mt khu vc knh v sui u vt qu tiu chun cho
php. C th nh cc ch tiu vt 1,5 - 2,1 ln i vi COD; 12- 19 ln i vi NH4N; 19- 23 ln i vi coliform; v tng N th vt qu nhiu. Chnh v vy, khi bn xe
i vo hot ng, nu nc thi ca bn xe khng c x l trit th s khng m
bo c rng nc thi s nh hng xu n mi trng v sc kho cng ng
n mc no. Chnh v vy, x l nc thi l vn ng quan tm ca ch u
t.
2.1.4.3. Mi trng t
Kt qu o v phn tch cht lng mi trng t ti khu vc d n xy dng v
khu vc xung quanh c th hin bng 2.4
Bng 2.4. Kt qu o v phn tch cht lng t khu vc d n
(Xem ph lc kt qu phn tch s 0404-10 n 0404-11/TQM-KQ )
Kt qu
STT
Tn ch tiu
QCVN
03:2008
n v
MD-404-1
MD-404-2
pH
6,1
6,4
Mn
2,95
2,51
Tng P
mg/kg
1793,61
2807,13
Tng N
mg/kg
373,79
427,92
Fe
mg/kg
5375
23460
Zn
mg/kg
29,5
10
300
Pb
mg/kg
31,6
26,9
300
Ch thch:
- : Tiu chun khng quy nh
- --: Khng c n v
- KPHT": Khng pht hin thy
* V tr ly mu
- MD-0404-10: Ti khu trung tm ca d n. Ta UTM (N21o34571,
E105048713);
- MD-0404-11: Ti khu vc cch d n 50m v pha Nam. To UTM
o
(N21 34512, E105048784);
35

Vit Thi Nguyn
* Thi gian ly mu
- Ngy ly mu: 19/10/2009
- Gi ly mu: T 14h30' 16h30
- Ngy phn tch: 19/10/2009 - 30/10/2009
* Tiu chun so snh
- i vi cc ch tiu: pH, Mn, Tng P, Tng N, Fe, Zn, Pb.
- Mu t c s dng Quy chun quc gia v gii hn cho php ca kim loi
nng trong t QCVN 03 : 2008/BTNMT so snh.
Nhn xt: Kt qu phn tch cht lng t khu vc d n cho thy, hu ht cc
ch tiu phn tch mi trng t trong v ngoi khu vc xy dng bn xe u nm
trong gii hn cho php ca QCVN 03:2008/BTNMT.
36

Vit Thi Nguyn
2.2. IU KIN KINH T X HI

2.2.1. iu kin v kinh t
a/ V kinh t
Phng Thnh n l a bn dn c sng ch yu bng nng nghip v cc hot
ng kinh doanh -dch v. Tng din tch t 616,18 ha trong t nng nghip
385,47 ha. Thu nhp bnh 650.000/thng.ngi. Sn lng lng thc quy ra thc 4,7
tn/ha.
- Sn xut nng nghip:
+ Trng trt: Trong nm 2008 nhn dn trn a bn Phng gieo cy 100%
din tch v ng Xun, nng sut t 41,44 t/ha, sn lng t 331,5 tn. Din tch
gieo cy v ma t 625 tn, nng sut bnh qun t 48,7 t/ha. c tnh sn lng
lng thc c ht nm 2008 c 956,5 tn, t 112,5% so vi k hoch.
+ Chn nui: u nm 2008 trn a bn xy ra dch cm gia cm, ti tri g
n v mt s h dn trn a bn phi tiu hy hn 2000 con g. UBND Phng
huy ng lc lng phi hp Trm th y thnh ph lp 2 cht trm khoanh vng
dch trong vng 1 thng. ng thi huy ng lc lng t chc phun thuc kh trng
tiu c, tim phng...
- Thng mi dch v: Trong nm 2008 gi c th trng th gii c nhiu bin
ng, lm pht tng cao lm nh hng khng nh ti cc h kinh doanh dch v trn
a bn. Tuy nhin, cc h kinh doanh trn i bn vn duy tr c cc hot ng
kinh doanh, a dng cc mt hng, m rng ngnh ngh...m bo thu nhp v thc
hin ngha v np thu y .
b/ C s h tng
* C s h tng ca phng Thnh n, thnh ph Thi Nguyn
- Cng trnh cng cng
+ C 1 c quan nh nc; 1 trng Tiu hc v 1 trng THCS; 1 trng PTTH
v 2 trng mu gio. Trn a bn c 3 bnh vin v 1 trm y t, 15 nh vn ho, 1
ch n, 4 ngha trang v 2 nh, cha.
- Giao thng
+ ng t chim 15%, ng cp phi 3%; ng b tng 82%.
- Tnh trng cp in, nc
+ S h c cp in l 2175
+ S h c cp nc l 750 h.
37

Vit Thi Nguyn
(Ngun: Kt qu iu tra kinh t - x hi 2009 Phng Thnh n thnh ph

Thi Nguyn).
* Hin trng h tng k thut khu vc d n
- Giao thng: Khu xy dng nm st bn 2 trc ng chnh thnh ph: ng
Quc l 3 v ng Quang Trung ang c m rng nng cp vi mt ct ngang
30m, ng gom mt ct ngang 24 ( 2x6 + 2 + 2x5); ng quy hoch mt ct ngang
32,5m v ng 18,5m (d kin).
- Cp in: Pha ty ca D n c li in 220kv v Ngun in t li in h
th v trung th 22KV i trn ng Quang Trung
- Thot nc: Khu vc xy dng cha c h thng thu gom v x l nc thi.
Nc thi sinh hot v nc ma x trc tip ra ng rung v cng thot nc trn
tuyn ng Quang Trung.
- Cp nc: Hin khu t xy dng c H thng cp nc Thu cc dc tuyn
ng Quang Trung.
- Thng tin lin lc: Khu vc c cung cp h thng thng tin lin lc v tuyn ln
hu tuyn.
2.2.2. iu kin v x hi
a/ Dn c
Tng s dn trn a bn l 11986 ngi, trong nam l 5226 ngi, n l 6780
ngi vi 2175 h, bnh qun 3,7 ngi/h. S ngi trong tui lao ng l 5600
ngi, t l gia tng dn s 1,7%. S h lm nng nghip 465 h, phi nng nghip
1710 h.
b/ Cng tc vn ha x hi
Cc hot ng vn ha x hi ti khu vc phng Thnh n ngy cng c
quan tm v pht trin. Phng c nh vn ha, y l ni tuyn truyn ch trng
ng li, chnh sch ca ng v Nh nc cng nh t chc cc hot ng vn ha
x hi theo np sng mi. Cc t chc, on th nh hi Ph n, hi Ngi cao tui,
hi Cu chin binh, on Thanh nin, hi Ch thp , y t, Mt trn t quc...hot
ng thng xuyn v hiu qu. Cng tc ng phi hp vi cc t chc x hi khc
thc s i vo i sng ca nhn dn, nhm nng cao nhn thc ca nhn dn trong
cng cuc xy dng v bo v t nc thi k mi.
Cc hot ng vn ngh, th dc th thao ca phng cng rt pht trin. Thng
xuyn t chc v tham gia y cc hot ng nh cc hi thi vn ngh, gii cu
lng, bng cp thnh ph, cp tnh.
c/ Cng tc y t - gio dc
38

Vit Thi Nguyn
* Y t: Trm y t Phng Thnh n hin ti vi 1 bc s, 1 y s v mt y t

thng xuyn lm vic, vi quy m 5 ging bnh lu phc v cng tc khm cha
bnh cho nhn dn. Cc trang thit b phc v cho khm rng hm mt v tai mi hng
gm ng nghe, my o huyt p... S lt bnh nhn khm cha bnh khong 5321
lt ngi; iu tr ngoi tr khong 327 ngi. Theo kt qu iu tra th s ngi
mc bnh truyn nhim 856 ngi, tr em 483 ngi; s ngi mc bnh mn tnh 491
ngi; s ngi mc bnh ngh nghip 219 ngi v s ngi mc bnh x hi khc
46 ngi.
* Gio dc: Trn a bn phng hin nay c mt trng Tiu hc v mt
trng THCS; mt trng PTTH v hai trng Mu gio. Trnh dn tr ch yu
THPT, s gio vin 70 ngi, s hc sinh 939 ngi. Trn a bn c 4 trng Cao
ng chuyn nghip.
(Ngun: Kt qu iu tra kinh t - x hi 2009 phng Thnh n thnh ph Thi
Nguyn).
39

Vit Thi Nguyn
CHNG 3: NH GI TC NG MI TRNG
3.1. NH GI TC NG
Cac giai oan hot ng cua d an u t xy dng bn xe khch lin tnh Long
Vit Thi Nguyn u c th gy ra nhng tac ng khac nhau ti mi trng xung
quanh. Do vy vic d bao, anh gia tac ng mi trng cua d an la ht sc quan
trong. No khng nhng a ra nhng d bao v cac mt tich cc ma con a ra nhng
li canh bao v cac tac ng nguy hai ti mi trng do hoat ng trin khai thc hin
d an em lai. Cac tac ng mi trng bao gm nhng tac ng trc tip va gian tip,
ngn han va lu dai, nhng tac ng tim n va tich luy, nhng tac ng co th khc
phuc hoc khng th khc phuc co tim nng ln gy suy thoai, nhim mi trng
khu vc. Vic xac inh nhng tac ng mi trng ca d an u t xy dng bn xe
khch lin tnh Long Vit Thi Nguyn c xem xet theo 2 giai oan phat trin cua
d an:
- Giai on 1: Giai on gii phng mt bng thi cng xy dng cng trnh.
- Giai on 2: Giai on hon thnh a cng trnh vo hot ng.
Bng 3.1. Nhng ngun gy tc ng t cc hot ng ca d n
Cc ngun gy tc
Cc hot ng ca
Cc ngun gy tc ng c lin quan
ng khng lin
d n
n cht thi
quan n cht thi
Giai on I: Gii phng mt bng v thi cng xy dng cng trnh
- Gii ta di di dn - Cht thi rn xy dng, cht thi rn sinh - Ting n, rung
c
hot...
khi hot ng, vn
chuyn.
- p ph cng trnh - Bi, kh thi c hi (CO, NO , SO ,)
x
c.
- Nc thi sinh hot, nc ma chy trn.
- San gt nn, xy
dng nh ga hnh
khch, nh ngh v
cc cng trnh ph
tr...
- Gii ta, di di dn
c nh hng n
HST khu vc.
- Tai nn lao ng
- Mt an ninh trt t
khu vc...
Vn
chuyn
nguyn, vt liu, my
mc thit b
- Lp rp my mc
thit b,...
40

Vit Thi Nguyn
- Hot ng sinh hot

ca cng nhn xy
dng.
Giai on II: a cng trnh vo hot ng
- Hot ng vn - Bi v kh thi c hi ca cc phng tin
chuyn hnh khch giao thng
ra vo bn.
- Nc thi sinh hot, dch v, nc ma
- Hot ng kinh chy trn
doanh dch v
- Cht thi rn (rc thi sinh hot, dch v...)
- Ting n, rung
ng ca phng
tin giao thng
- Mt trt t an ninh,
Tai nn giao thng
- Hot ng sinh hot

ca nhn vin v
hnh khch
3.1.1. Ngun gy tc ng c lin quan n cht thi
3.1.1.1. Giai on thi cng xy dng d n
a/ nhim mi trng khng kh
* Ngun pht sinh cht nhim
Khi thi cng xy dng cng trnh s co nhiu phng tin, my mc tham gia thi
cng. Ngoi ra, s lng xe ch nguyn - vt liu n cng trnh s lm gia tng lu
lng giao thng ti khu vc d n. Cc thit b ny khi hot ng trn cng trng s
gy nn tc ng i vi mi trng khng kh.
Ngun gy nhim mi trng khng kh bao gm:
- Ngun gy nhim di ng: Do cc phng tin vn chuyn t , vt liu
xy dng, thit b my mc, qu trnh t nhin liu
- Ngun gy nhim tng i c nh: Cc thit b thi cng nh my trn b
tng, my ti...
* Thanh phn v tai lng
Cht nhim trong giai oan thi cng la bui t, v cac loai khi thai c hi
cua cac phng tin, may moc thit bi thi cng: Pb, SO2, NOx, H2S, CO, mui,...
Cng trnh c thit k theo phng n mng cc b tng ct thp, v vy lng
t o mng pht sinh khng ng k v c tn dng san nn ti ch khng
phi vn chuyn i thi. Trong giai on ny lng bi v kh thi ch yu pht
sinh do cc phng tin giao thng chy trn ng trong qu trnh vn chuyn
nguyn vt liu v my mc thit b phc v cho d n.
41

Vit Thi Nguyn
Mc nhim kh thi giao thng ph thuc nhiu vo cht lng ng x,

mt xe, cht lng k thut xe trn cng trng v lng nhin liu tiu th. Ti
lng cc cht nhim c tnh ton trn c s H s nhim khng kh cn c
vo ti liu ca T chc Y t Th gii (WHO), s tay v cng ngh mi trng, tp 1:
nh gi ngun nhim khng kh, nc v t.
Bng 3.2: H s nhim i vi cc loi xe ca mt s cht nhim chnh
Loi xe
CO
SO2
NOx
Xe t con v xe 7,72 kg/1000 km

khch
2,05S kg/1000 km
1,19 kg/1000 km
Xe ti ng c Diezel 28 kg/1000 km
> 3,5 tn
20S kg/1000 km
55 kg/1000 km
Xe ti ng c Diezel 1 kg/1000 km
< 3,5 tn
1,16S kg/1000 km
0,7 kg/1000 km
M t v xe my
0,57 kg/1000 km
0,14 kg/1000 km
16,7 kg/1000 km
(S: hm lng lu hunh trong xng, du (hm lng trong xng du l 0,5%)
(Ngun: GS.TS Phm Ngc ng- Mi trng khng kh. Nxb khoa hc v k thut,
H Ni 2003)
Do d n c xy dng trn din tch l i thp v mt phn l rung, vy qu
trnh to mt bng cho d n cn phi p ph cc cng trnh c v san gt mt bng.
Phng tin s dng ch yu l my xc gu ngc v my i. Trong khu vc thc
hin d n c 3 my xc v 3 my i, c tnh lng du tiu hao trong mt gi cho
cc phng tin ny l:
W = 6 x 30 = 180 lt/gi
Bng 3.3 Ti lng kh thi c hi pht sinh t qu trnh t chy nhin liu
(du diezel) trong giai on thi cng XDCB
STT
Loi kh thi
nh mc thi ra trn 1
tn du (kg/tn du)
Tng lng kh
thi (g/gi)
CO
28
5404
SO2
20.S
3600
NO2
55
9900
VOC
2,6
468
42

Vit Thi Nguyn
Bi mui
4,3
774
Trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng h tng ca d n, c tnh tng khi lng
vt t, thit b cn vn chuyn khong 90.000 tn quy ra khong 9000 lt xe (ti
trng 10 tn) tiu chun lu thng ra vo khu vc d n. Vi hnh thc cung cp
nguyn vt liu xy dng lin tc th c tnh trung thi gian thi cng xy dng 24
thng s c khong 600 ngy lm vic, trung bnh ngy lm vic 8h. c tnh trung
bnh c 1h c 2 xe ra vo khu vc d n. Ti lng nhim kh CO, SO2, NO2 do cc
phng tin vn ti thi ra trong cc ngy cao im ti khu vc d n c xc nh
nh sau:
+ Ti lng CO: ECO= 2 xe/h 28= 56 kg/1000km.h= 0,0156 mg/m.s
+ Ti lng SO2: ESO2= 2xe/h200,5=20 kg/1000km.h= 0,006mg/m.s
+ Ti lng NO2 :ENO2 = 2 xe/h 55= 110 kg/1000km.h= 0,0306 mg/m.s
Bng 3.4. Bng tng hp c tnh ti lng kh thi pht sinh
trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng cc hng mc cng trnh
TT
Kh thi
Ti lng nhim trn tuyn ng

thi cng (mg/m.s)
CO
0,0156
SO2
0,006
NO2
0,0306
* Quy m b tc ng
Phm vi nh hng l khu vc d n v xung quanh, khu vc hai bn tuyn
ng vn chuyn.
Cac yu t anh hng n s lan truyn cac cht nhim trong khng khi:
- Cac yu t v khi tng nh: Tinh n inh cua khi quyn; Hng gio va tc
gio; Nhit ; m va ma.
- Yu t v ia hinh va cac cng trinh xy dng trong khu vc.
i vi cac ngun gy nhim di ng tinh toan mc lan truyn nhim theo cng
thc thc nghim Sutton i vi ngun ng phat thai lin tuc. Xet ngun ng
cao gn mt t, gio thi vung goc vi ngun ng.
- S tinh ngun ng:
43
Bo co nh gi tc
mi trng
n:n u
Giong
thi vung
goc vid
ngu
ng t xy dng bn xe khch lin tnh Long
Vit Thi Nguyn
u (m/s)
x
im tip
nhn
Ngun ng E (mg/m.s)
Hnh 3.1: M hnh pht tn ngun ng

Cng thc tinh toan nh sau:
C(x) = 2E/ (2 ) 1/2 z.u
(1)
Hoc c th xc nh theo cng thc m hnh ci bin ca Sutton nh sau:
C ( X ) = 0,8.E (exp ( z + h) 2 / 2 z + exp ( z h) 2 / 2 z ) / z u
(2)
Trong :
E: Lng thi tnh trn n v di ca ngun ng trong n v thi gian
(mg/m.s), E c tnh ton phn trn cho mi loi tc nhn nhim;
z: H s khuch tn theo phng z (m) l hm s ca x theo phng gi thi.
z c xc nh theo cng thc Slade vi cp n nh kh quyn loi B (l cp
n nh kh quyn c trng ca khu vc) c dng sau y:
z = 0,53.x0,73
x: Khong cch ca im tnh so vi ngun thi, tnh theo chiu gi thi.
u: Tc gi trung bnh (m/s), ti khu vc c tc gi trung bnh l 1,1m/s.
z: cao ca im tnh (m), tnh cao 0,5 m.
h: cao ca mt ng so vi mt t xung quanh (m), coi mt ng bng mt
t, h = 0 m. (GS.TS Phm Ngc ng- Mi trng khng kh. Nxb khoa hc v k
thut, H Ni 2003).
B qua s nh hng ca cc ngun nhim khc trong khu vc, cc yu t nh
hng ca a hnh. Da trn ti lng nhim tnh ton, thay cc gi tr vo cng
44

Vit Thi Nguyn
thc tnh ton, nng cc cht nhim cc khong cch khc nhau so vi ngun
thi (tim ng) c th hin bng 3.5.
Bng 3.5: Nng cc cht nhim do giao thng trong
giai on thi cng xy dng ca d n
NO2
SO2
(m)
CO
( g/m3)
( g/m3)
( g/m3)
1,716026
12,67
24,86
4,87
10
2,846269
7,85
15,40
3,02
15
3,826683
5,88
11,53
2,26
20
4,720932
4,78
9,38
1,84
30
6,347086
3,56
6,99
1,37
50
9,215608
2,46
4,82
0,95
Trung bnh 1h
30.000
200
350
Trung bnh 24h
125
STT
Khong
cch x (m)
TCVN
5937:2005
So snh vi TCVN 5937:2005, nhn thy rng nng cc cht nhim nh

CO, SO2, NOx thp hn rt nhiu so vi tiu chun cho php.
Nhn xt: T cc kt qu tnh ton trn cho thy phm vi v mc nh hng
ca phng tin giao thng, my mc hot ng trong phm vi d n l khng ng
k.
* nh gi tc ng
Lng bi, kh thi pht sinh trong giai on thi cng xy dng cng trnh nh
tnh ton l khng ng k. V vy, bi, kh thi pht sinh trong giai on ny khng
gy tr ngi ln n cc hot ng ca dn c xung quanh khu vc d n cng nh
hot ng ca cng nhn trong cng trng xy dng.Tuy nhin, khng th trnh khi
hon ton hin tng bi pht tn trong khng kh, bm vo cy ci, qun o cng
nhn... iu ny khng ng lo ngi v c th khc phc bng mt s bin php n
gin (s c trnh by c th chng 4)
b/ nhim mi trng nc
* Ngun pht sinh
Trong giai on ny, ngun pht sinh cht nhim gy nh hng ti mi
trng nc bao gm:
45

Vit Thi Nguyn
- Nc ma chy trn trong khu vc d n cun theo cn bn, du m ri vi

trn cng trng do cc phng tin thi cng. Lng cht thi ny t nhng c th
nhim cao.
- Nc thi sinh hot ca cng nhn xy dng ch yu pht sinh t hot ng
sinh hot ca cng nhn ti cng trng.
Ngun gc nhim v cht ch th nhim mi trng nc c th hin ti
bng 3.6.
Bng 3.6. Ngun gc nhim mi trng nc v cht nhim ch th
TT
1
Ngun gc nhim
Cht nhim ch th
Nc ma chy trn
Cht rn l lng, kim loi nng do ra tri,

du m nhin liu t qu trnh bo dng
my mc thit b, xc thc vt
Nc thi sinh hot
Cht rn l lng, cc hp cht hu c (BOD,

COD, hp cht nit, pht pho) v vi khun.
* Lu lng
Nc ma chy trn
Lu lng nc ma chy trn ln nht t khu vc d n c xc nh theo
cng thc thc nghim sau:
Q = 2,78 x 10-7 x x F x h (m3/s).
Trong :
2,78 x 10-7- h s quy i n v.
: h s dng chy, ph thuc vo c im mt ph, dc... ( = 0,7)
h- Cng ma trung bnh ti trn ma tnh ton, mm/h (h = 100 mm/h).
F- Din tch khu vc thi cng. F = 66.000 m2.
(Ngun: Lm Minh Trit - X l nc thi th v cng nghip. Nxb i hc
Quc gia thnh ph H Ch Minh)
Thay cc gi tr trn vo cng thc, xc nh c lu lng nc ma chy trn
qua khu vc d n vo khong 1,284 m3/s.
Nc thi sinh hot
Vi tng s cng nhn xy dng giai on ny l 100 ngi nn lu lng nc
thi sinh hot ti a khong 20 m3/ngy (nh mc s dng l 200 lt/ngi/ngy i
vi cng nhn n ti cng trng).
46

Vit Thi Nguyn
* Thnh phn v nng

Nc ma chy trn
Cc tc nhn nhim chnh trong nc ma chy trn l t (to nn thng s
SS) ti chnh khu vc. Loi nhim ny khng c tnh c hi c bit, v s nhim
tp trung vo u cn, (tnh t khi ma bt u hnh thnh dng chy trn b mt cho
n 15 hoc 20 pht sau ). Lng cht cn nhim trong nc ma u cn c
xc nh theo cng thc:
G = Mmax (1 exp(- KzT)). F (kg)
Trong :
Mmax -Lng cht bn tch t ln nht sau thi gian khng ma T ngy; thng
chn Mmax= 200-250 kg/ha.
Kz - H s ng hc tch lu cht bn, ph thuc vo quy m d n c th chn
t 0,2 n 0,5 /ngy. i vi d n loi ny c th chn Kz = 0,2/ngy..
T: Thi gian tch t (bng thi gian gia hai ln ma lin tip): (ngy)
F: Din tch khu vc d n (ha).
Din tch khu vc d n l 6,6 ha.
Trong ma ma (thng 5 n thng 10), gi tr trung bnh T =10 ngy th lng
bi cun theo nc ma l:
G = 220[1- exp(-0,2 x 10)] x 6,6= 1255,49 kg.
Lng cht bn ny lm nc ma chy trn b nhim (c bit l vo u
cn). Thnh phn cht nhim trong nc ma chy trn trong giai on xy dng
ny phn ln l cc thnh phn t t nhin do qu trnh thi cng xy dng v mt
lng nh rc thi sinh hot ri vi trn b mt.
Nc thi sinh hot
`
Nc thi sinh hot ca cng nhn thi cng xy dng ch yu cha cc cht rn l
lng (SS), cc hp cht hu c (c trng bi BOD v COD), cc cht dinh dng (N, P)
v cc vi sinh vt gy bnh. (xem bng 3.7).
47

Vit Thi Nguyn
Bng 3.7: c tnh ti lng v nng cc cht nhim chnh

trong nc thi sinh hot trong giai on thi cng xy dng d n
Cht
nhim
Khi
lng Ti
lng Nng
(g/ngi/ngy) (kg/ngy)
(mg/l)
QCVN
14:2008/BTNMT
(Ct B) (mg/l)
BOD5
45 - 54
1,80 2,16
450 - 540
50
SS
70 - 145
2,80 5,80
700 - 1450
100
6 - 12
0,24 0,48
60 - 120
50
Amni
2,4 - 4,8
0,96 0,19
24 - 48
10
0,4 - 0,8
0,016 0,032
4-8
10
Coliform
106- 109 MPN/100ml
5000MPN/100ml
(Ngun: Trn c H. X l nc thi sinh hot quy m va v nh . Nxb Khoa hc

v k thut, H Ni 2002)
Vi kt qu tnh ton nh bng 3.6 cho thy khi nc thi sinh hot c nng
cc cht nhim vt rt nhiu ln so vi QCVN 14: 2008/BTNMT, vt qu tiu
chun thi t 9 10,8 ln i vi BOD5, t 7 14,5 ln i vi SS. Nu khng c
x l trc khi thi vo mi trng s gy tc ng xu ti ngun tip nhn, tc ng
xu n ngun nc ngm, t gy nh hng gin tip n ngun nc cp cho cc h
dn sng xung quanh.
* Quy m b tc ng
Nc thi sinh hot ca cng nhn xy dng
Lng nc thi sinh hot pht sinh ca cng nhn xy dng l khng ln (20
m /ngy), v vy ton b lng nc thi sinh hot ca cng nhn xy dng trn cng
trng s c x l qua h thng b t hoi c xy dng khi mi bt u thi cng
cc cng trnh, do mc nh hng khng ng k.
3
Nc ma chy trn
Khi xm nhp vo cc ngun tip nhn s gy cc tc ng ch yu l tng
c, tng ch tiu TS, c th gy bi lng cc b gy nh hng n tc dng chy,
ng.... Tuy nhin, mc nh hng khng ng k.
Trong giai on thi cng xy dng cng trnh s pht sinh nc thi sinh hot
ca cng nhn xy dng v nc ma chy trn c th gy ra mt s cn tr cho cc
hot ng ca cng trnh thi cng.
48

Vit Thi Nguyn
+ Trong ma ma, nu khng c phng n thot nc ma th s gy ra tnh

trng ng dng chy hoc nc chy lnh lng ra ng, khu dn c xung quanh
khu vc gy cn tr cho hot ng i li ca cng nhn, xe vn chuyn v hot ng
i li ca ngi dn.
+ Nc thi sinh hot ca cng nhn xy dng nu khng b tr v x l thch
hp c th gy ra mi hi v l ngun pht tn vi khun gy bnh, v vy khng nhng
gy nh hng n sc khe ca cng nhn m cn nh hng n dn c sng xung
quanh khu vc d n.
Tuy nhin, ch d n c cc bin php phng chng v gim thiu n mc
thp nht cc tc ng xu c th xy ra.
c/ nhim cht thi rn
* Ngun pht sinh
- t pht sinh trong qu trnh p ph tho r cng trnh c, do o mng,
o ho chng mi... ca cc cng trnh xy dng.
- Cht thi rn xy dng pht sinh t cc loi nguyn vt liu ri vi, dng c
hng....
- Cht thi rn sinh hot ca cng nhn trn cng trng xy dng.
* Thnh phn v ti lng
- t do o mng, o ho chng mi...c khi lng khng ng k (ch
khong 2 3 chc khi) c tn dng san nn ngay ti cng trnh.
- Cht thi rn do nguyn vt liu ri vi, ph thi, v bao xi mng, u mu g,
ct p khi lng khong 50kg/ngy, c thu gom, phn loi v tn dng trong
qu trnh xy dng tu theo tng chng loi.
- Cht thi rn sinh hot ca cng nhn xy dng: Vi s lng cng nhn xy
dng trong khu vc d n khong 100 ngi lng cht thi rn sinh hot ca d n
khong 50 75 kg/ngy (tnh theo nh mc pht thi 0,5-0,75kg/ngi.ngy).
Thnh phn ca loi rc sinh hot ny cha nhiu cc cht hu c d phn hu,
bn cnh cn c cc bao gi nilon, v chai nha, hpCc loi cht thi ny t
c kh nng gy cc s c v mi trng, tuy nhin nu khng c thu gom, chn lp
hp v sinh th y l mi trng thun li cho cc loi cn trng c hi sinh si v
pht trin, to iu kin cho vic pht tn ly lan bnh dch.
* Quy m tc ng
- Cht thi rn trong xy dng khng nhiu nhng l cc cht kh phn hy lm
thay i tnh cht ho l ca t v c th tn dng, thu gom trong qu trnh xy dng
ty theo tng chng loi.
49

Vit Thi Nguyn
- Cht thi rn sinh hot ca cc cng nhn xy dng ti khu vc thi cng vo
khong 50 - 75 kg/ngy (0,5 0,75 kg/ngi/ngy). Vi thnh phn gm cc cht hu
c, giy vn cc loi, nylon, nha, kim loi, khi thi vo mi trng cc cht thi
ny s phn hy hoc khng phn hy s lm gia tng nng cc cht nhim lm
nhim mi trng nc, gy hi cho h vi sinh vt t, to iu kin cho rui, mui
pht trin v ly lan dch bnh.
- Cht thi rn pht sinh ti khu vc thi cng l tng i nh, tuy nhin nu
khng c thu gom thng xuyn chng s tr thnh yu t gy nhim mi trng
trong khu vc.
3.1.1.2. Giai on hon thnh a cng trnh vo hot ng
Bn xe khch Long Vit l mt cng trnh cng cng, chuyn phc v cho vic
vn chuyn hnh khch. Tuy nhin trong qu trnh hot ng ca bn xe, c th gy ra
nhng tc ng nguy hi n mi trng, c tnh cht tch lu, trc tip v lu di c
bit l i vi ngun nc mt v khng kh xung quanh nu nh cht thi khng
c quan tm mt cch ng mc.
a). nhim mi trng khng kh
* Ngun pht sinh
- Kh thi t cc hot ng t chy nhin liu ca cc phng tin giao thng.
- Bi cun theo khi cc phng tin giao thng di chuyn.
* Thnh phn, ti lng v nng cc cht nhim
- Thnh phn : Thnh phn chnh l kh thi ca cc phng tin giao thng ra
vo bn gm : CO, SO2, NOxu l cc kh c hi.
S dng cc h s pht thi thc nghim trn c s thng k Bastell vi mt
lt xe ra vo bn: 300 xe/ngy, trung bnh mi ngy lm vic 16h th mi gi c
khong 19 lt xe ra vo bn. Nh vy, da trn phng php xc nh nhanh ngun
thi ca cc loi xe theo h s nhim khng kh ca ti liu t chc y t th gii
(WHO), s tay cng ngh mi trng tp 1 th ti lng nhim kh CO, SO 2, NO2 do
cc phng tin giao thng thi ra c xc nh nh sau:
+ Ti lng CO: ECO= 19 xe/h 7,72 = 146,68kg/1000km.h = 0,041 mg/m.s
+ Ti lng SO2: ESO2= 19xe/h2,050,5 = 23,75 kg/1000km.h = 0,0066mg/m.s
+ Ti lng NO2 : ENO2= 19 xe/h 1,19 = 22,61 kg/1000km.h = 0,0063 mg/m.s
50

Vit Thi Nguyn
Bng 3.8. Bng tng hp c tnh ti lng kh thi

pht sinh trong qu trnh hot ng ca bn xe
TT
Kh thi
Ti lng nhim trong qu trnh hot ng ca bn

xe (mg/m.s)
CO
0,041
SO2
0,0066
NO2
0,0063
*Quy m tc ng
Cc yu t v phm vi nh hng ca cc cht gy nhim khng kh trong qu
trnh hot ng ca bn cng ging nh phn 3.1.1.1 c cp trn.
Tc ng ca cc cht gy nhim khng kh
- i vi bi: Bi c thnh phn chnh l cc cht v c c trong t, khi pht tn
ra mi trng v xm nhp vo c th sng qua ng h hp th c th gy nn mt
s nh hng chnh nh:
+ Gy bnh bi phi, vim ng h hp i vi nhng ngi thng xuyn tip
xc. Cc tc ng ny nghim trng hn i vi tr em khi h khng th cn yu kh
nng chng chu v o thi cc cht c hi cn thp.
+ Cc ht bi c kch thc nh ti 1 m c th lt vo tn ph lang, phi v tn
ti vnh vin ti .
+ au mt do cc ht bi bm vo gic mc
+Bn cnh nu bi pht thi vi nng cao v thi gian di s bm ln b
mt cc l cy lm hn ch s quang hp, hn ch h hp, hn ch s pht trin ca
mm, hoa v qu non.
+ Bi l lng trong khng trung s theo ma ri xung t gp phn lm
nhim nc ma v suy gim cht lng nc mt khu vc.
+ S tn ti ca bi trong khng kh l tm ngng t nhng git nc trong ma
lnh, to nn nhng vng sng m dy c trn ng giao thng gy cn tr tm
nhn d gia tng tai nn giao thng.
+ S pht sinh bi thng xuyn gy tc ng xu v cnh quan mi trng
th ca khu vc.
- i vi kh thi:
51

Vit Thi Nguyn
+ Cacbon oxit CO c i lc cao vi hng cu trong mu v to ra cacboxy

hemoglobin (COHb) lm hn ch s trao i v vn chuyn oxy ca mu i nui c
th. i lc ca CO i vi hng cu gp 200 ln so vi oxy nn vi mt lng nh
cng c th gy ngt do CO chim ch hon ton oxy trong mu.
+ Nit oxit, ng ch nht l NO2, y l mt loi kh c tn ti trong mi
trng khng kh b nhim v c th gy ra cc bnh v ng h hp.
+ Kh SO2 l loi kh d ho tan trong nc v c hp th hon ton rt nhanh
khi ht th on trn ca ng h hp. Qua nghin cu ngi ta cho rng : khi ht
th khng kh c cha SO2 vi nng thp (1-5ppm) s xut hin s co tht tm thi
cc c mm ca kh qun. nng cao hn, SO2 gy xut tit nc nhy v vim
ty thnh kh qun, lm tng sc cn i vi lu thng khng kh ca ng h hp
gy tc kh th.
+ Hm lng kh SO2 trong khng kh cao c th lm hn ch kh nng sinh
trng ca chi, hoa v qu non, gy vng l v rng l gim nng sut cy trng.
+ S pht tn kh SO2 vo khng kh cn l nguyn nhn gy ra ma axit. Kh
SO2 tan vo nc ma to thnh mi trng axit c pH thp hn 6. Loi nc ma
ny lm tng kh nng ho tan cc kim loi nng trong t vo nc ngm. Nh vy
kh thi cha SO2 c th gin tip gy nhim kim loi nng trong nc.
+ Cc tc ng tiu cc ca SO2, CO, NOx trong kh thi lm gim kh nng
lao ng ca ngi dn khu vc xung quanh gy ra cc thit hi gin tip cho x hi,
gia tng chi ph y t cng ng.
Cch tnh ton nng pht tn cht gy nhim theo s ngun ng nh
hnh 3.1 v cc cng thc tnh ton nh sau:
C(x) = 2E/ (2 ) 1/2 z.u
Hoc c th xc nh theo cng thc m hnh ci bin ca Sutton nh sau:
C ( X ) = 0,8.E (exp ( z + h) 2 / 2 z + exp ( z h) 2 / 2 z ) / z u

Trong :
E: Lng thi tnh trn n v di ca ngun ng trong n v thi gian
(mg/m.s), E c tnh ton phn trn cho mi loi tc nhn nhim;
z: H s khuch tn theo phng z (m) l hm s ca x theo phng gi thi.
z c xc nh theo cng thc Slade vi cp n nh kh quyn loi B (l cp
n nh kh quyn c trng ca khu vc) c dng sau y:
z = 0,53.x0,73
x: Khong cch ca im tnh so vi ngun thi, tnh theo chiu gi thi.
52

Vit Thi Nguyn
u: Tc gi trung bnh (m/s), ti khu vc c tc gi trung bnh l 1,1m/s.

z: cao ca im tnh (m), tnh cao 0,5 m.
h: cao ca mt ng so vi mt t xung quanh (m), coi mt ng bng
mt t, h = 0 m. (GS.TS Phm Ngc ng- Mi trng khng kh. Nxb khoa hc v
k thut, H Ni 2003).
Da trn ti lng nhim tnh ton, thay cc gi tr vo cng thc tnh ton,
nng cc cht nhim cc khong cch khc nhau so vi ngun thi (tim ng)
c th hin bng 3.9.
Bng 3.9: Nng cc cht nhim do giao thng trong
giai on bn xe i vo hot ng
NO2
SO2
(m)
CO
( g/m3)
( g/m3)
( g/m3)
1,716026
33,31
5,12
5,36
10
2,846269
20,63
3,17
3,32
15
3,826683
15,45
2,37
2,49
20
4,720932
12,56
1,93
2,02
30
6,347086
9,37
1,44
1,51
50
9,215608
6,46
0,99
1,04
Trung bnh 1h
30.000
200
350
Trung bnh 24h
125
STT
Khong
cch x (m)
TCVN
5937:2005
So snh vi TCVN 5937:2005, nhn thy rng nng cc cht nhim nh

CO, SO2, NOx thp hn rt nhiu so vi tiu chun cho php.
Nhn xt: T cc kt qu tnh ton trn cho thy phm vi v mc nh hng
ca phng tin giao thng, my mc hot ng trong phm vi d n l khng ng
k.
* nh gi tc ng
Lng bi v kh thi pht sinh trong qu trnh hot ng ca bn nh tnh
ton l khng ng k. V vy, bi, kh thi pht sinh trong giai on ny khng gy
tr ngi ln n cc hot ng vn chuyn hnh khch cng nh cc hot ng x hi
khc ca khu vc xung quanh. Tuy nhin, khng th trnh khi hon ton hin tng
bi pht tn bm vo mt s cng trnh xung quanh, qun o ngi dn, cy ci... iu
53

Vit Thi Nguyn
ny khng ng lo ngi v c th khc phc bng mt s bin php n gin (s c

trnh by c th chng 4), v cc tc ng ny s c gim thiu khi thc hin
ng chng trnh qun l mi trng khu vc (s c trnh by c th chng 5).
b). nhim mi trng nc
* Ngun pht sinh
- Nc ma chy trn c ngun gc t nhin
- Nc thi sinh hot :Loi nc thi ny nhim ch yu bi cht cn b, du
m (nh bp), cc cht hu c (nh v sinh), cc cht dinh dng v vi sinh
- Nc thi dch v: Lng nc thi dch v (ch yu t cc cng trnh v sinh
cng cng v nh ngh ) ca d n c tnh cht tng t nh nc thi sinh hot thi
vo mi trng.
Hot ng ca CBCNV
Nc
thi phn
Nc
tiu
Nc
tm ,
git, ra
Nc
thi nh
bp
Cc loi
nc thi
khc
Nc thi sinh hot

Hnh 3.2. S ngun gc pht sinh nc thi sinh hot
* Lu lng thnh phn v nng :
Nc thi sinh hot v dch v
- Lu lng :Vi quy m ca d n Nh ngh Bn Xe th lng nc cn cung
cp cho nhu cu s dng c tnh ton s b nh sau:
+ Tiu chun dng nc cho 1 ging ngh theo quy chun xy dng Vit Nam
(Tp III, 13.1) ti a l 455 lt/ngy m, 60 khch (vi 18 phng loi 1 ging v 21
phng loi 2 ging th: 60 ging x 455 lt/1000 = 27,3 m3).
54

Vit Thi Nguyn
+ Tiu chun cp nc cho cn b cng nhn vin bn xe l 100 lt/ngi/ngy

m: 58 ngi x 100 lt /1000 = 5,8 m3.
+Tiu chun cp nc cho hnh khch ra vo ga nh ga l 15 lt/ngi/ngy: 15 x
7000 lt/1000 = 105 m3
+ c lng s b lng nc cp hng ngy ca d n l:
Q1 = 27,3 + 5,5 + 105 = 137,8m3/ngy m.
T lng nc cp trn, ta c th c lng c lng nc thi pht sinh hng
ngy ca bn xe trn ton b hot ng sinh hot v dch v khong: 137,8 x 80% =
110,24 110 m3/ngy.m.
- Ti lng, nng cc cht nhim trong nc thi sinh hot (cha x l)
c th hin ti bng 3.7
- Thnh phn v nng : c th nhim nc thi sinh hot c cha nhiu
cc cht cn b, cc cht l lng (SS), tp cht hu c (BOD,COD), cc cht dinh
dng (N,P), v vi sinh vt gy bnh. Dng thi ny c hm lng cc cht hu c cao
v vi sinh vt gy hin tng ph dng, bi lng y h.
Nc ma chy trn
Lu lng nc ma ln nht chy trn t khu vc d n c xc nh theo
cng thc thc nghim sau:
Q = 2,78 x 10-7x x F x h (m3/s)
Trong :
2,78 x 10-7- h s quy i n v.
: h s dng chy, ph thuc vo c im mt ph, dc.. = 0,8
h- Cng ma trung bnh ti trn ma tnh ton, mm/h (h = 100 mm/h).
F- Din tch khu vc khun vin bnh vin. F = 66.000 m2
(Ngun: Lm Minh Trit - X l nc thi th v cng nghip. Nxb i hc
Quc gia thnh ph H Ch Minh)
Thay cc gi tr trn vo cng thc, xc nh c lu lng nc ma chy trn
qua khu vc d n vo khong 1,47 m3/s.
+ Thnh phn cc cht nhim trong nc ma chy trn trong giai on d n
i vo hot ng c bn cht nh trong giai on thi cng xy dng nhng trong sch
hn nhiu, v lc ny b mt ca d n c thay bng ta nh, sn b tng v cc
khu vc trng hoa, cy cnh. Sau khi xy dng mt bng sn bi sch s v c b
tr nhn vin thu gom rc nn c th coi mc nhim bi nc ma chy trn l
khng ng k. Nc s c thot theo h thng thot nc khu vc. Tuy nhin h
55

Vit Thi Nguyn
thng thot nc chung ca thnh ph hin ti cha m bo kh nng thot nc,

nc thi lun b ng, nhim, ngh cc cp c thm quyn nhanh chng c gii
php x l kp thi tnh trng trn.
* nh gi tc ng
Nc thi ca cc bn xe ni chung v bn xe khch Long Vit ni ring c hm
lng cht rn l lng cao, oxy ho tan thp, c hm lng cc hp cht hu c cao
(c trng bi COD, BOD) v c bit l cha nhiu vi sinh vt gy bnh... i vi
nc thi c c trng nh vy th s gy nh hng xu n ngun nc tip nhn,
nh hng n h sinh thi ca ngun nc v s sng ca cc sinh vt trong nc.
Cc vi sinh vt gy bnh c trong nc thi theo dng nc pht tn i xa, cc vi sinh
vt ny l nguyn nhn gy ra cc bnh ng tiu ho nh t, l, thng hn...khi
ngun nc mt b nhim n cng l nguyn nhn gin tip gy nhim ngun nc
ngm, t khu vc gn ngun tip nhn nc thi.
c). nhim bi cht thi rn
* Ngun pht sinh
- Rc thi ti bn xe c pht sinh t cc hot ng sinh hot hng ngy ca
cn b cng nhn vin v khch thp phng, bao gm cc loi rc v c (bao b,
giy, nylon, nha ) v cc cht hu c d phn hu t khu nh n ca bn.
* Thnh phn rc thi
Thnh phn ca rc thi thng thng (cht thi sinh hot ca nhn vin, hnh
khch , ):
Bng 3.10. Thnh phn rc thi sinh hot thng thng ca bn xe
STT
Thnh phn
T l khi lng (%)
Rc hu c
70%
Nha v cht do
3%
Cc cht khc
10%
Rc v c
17%
65-69%
Ngun: GS TS Lm Minh Trit - Ky thut mi trng - Nxb HQG TPHCM , 2006

* Thi lng:
Lng rc thi pht sinh trong bn xe t l thun vi s ngi iu kin hot
ng trong bn. Kt qu kho st thc t, kinh nghim v cc cng thc thc nghim
th vi s ngi trong nh ngh trung bnh mi ngi thi ra khong 0,75 kg/ngy
56

Vit Thi Nguyn
m th lng rc thi hng ngy l 60 0,75 = 45 kg/ngy m. V s cn b cng

nhn vin lm vic ti vn phng l 58 ngi, trung bnh mi ngi thi 0,5kg /ngy
th lng rc thi hng ngy l 58 0,5 = 29 kg/ngy.
Vi s lng khch thp phng ra vo bn trung bnh mi ngi thi ra 0,18
kg/ngy m th lng rc thi hng ngy l 7000 x 0,18 = 1260 kg/ngy m.
Nh vy, tng lng rc thi pht sinh hng ngy ca bn xe khi hot ng l:
R = 45 + 29 + 1260 = 1334 kg/ngy
* nh gi tc ng
Rc thi bn xe giai on hot ng nu khng c thu gom x l thch hp
s nh hng xu ti mi trng sng, lm mt m quan khu vc. Rc thi hu c khi
phn hu sinh ra mi hi; n s l mi trng sng v pht trin ca cc loi rui
mui, chut b v vi khun gy bnh.cc cht hu c tng hp l ngun gy
nhim mi trng t lu di do tnh cht kh phn hu sinh hc ca chng. Tuy
nhin cc tc ng ny s c gii quyt trit nu thc hin ng theo chng
trnh qun l mi trng ra (s trnh by chng 5).
3.1.2. Cc ngun tc ng khng lin quan n cht thi
3.1.2.1. Giai on thi cng xy dng d n
a/ Ting n v rung
Ting n v rung pht sinh ch yu t cc phng tin giao thng vn ti
chuyn tr cc nguyn vt liu xy dng v cc my mc thit b (hot ng p, ng
cc, my trn b tng, my i, my m)
i vi cac thit bi hang nng nh xe ui hoc xe tai loai ln, n tao ra co th
at trn 100dBA. Khi cac thit bi nay hoat ng cung luc, xay ra hin tng m thanh
cng hng, tac ng cua chung n khu dn c xung quanh la rt ln.
Bng 3.11. Mc p m ph bin ca mt s phng tin thi cng
Phng tin
Mc n ph bin Mc n ln nht
(dBA)
(dBA)
Xe t trng ti <3,5 tn
85
103
Xe t trng ti >3,5 tn
90
105
t cn cu
90
110
My i
93
115
70-75
85
My trn b tng ng c diezen
57

Vit Thi Nguyn
d bo mc n mi trng xung quanh do cc ngun n gy ra trong khu

vc d n thng da vo tnh ton theo cc m hnh lan truyn ting n. Trong m
hnh tnh ton lan truyn ting n, chia ngun n thnh 3 loi: ngun im (nh ting
n ca mt ng c, mt my n, mt loa pht thanh), ngun ng (nh l ting
n ca mt dng xe chy lin tc,), ngun mt (nh l ting n ca mt khu vc
hot ng, thi cng).
Ting n truyn ra mi trng xung quanh c xc nh theo m hnh truyn
m t ngun n sinh ra v tt dn theo khong cch, gim i qua vt cn cng nh cn
k n nh hng nhiu x ca cng trnh v kt cu xung quanh. Theo hng dn lp
bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n cng trnh giao thng ca B Khoa hc
Cng ngh v Mi trng - Cc Mi trng, 1999 th mc lan truyn ting n c
xc nh nh sau:
Mc n khong cch r2 s gim hn mc n im c khong cch r1 l:
- i vi ngun im: L = 20.lg (r2/r1)1+a
- i vi ngun ng: L = 10.lg (r2/r1)1+a
Trong : L: gim ting n (dBA).
r1: Khong cch cch ngun n (r1 thng bng 1 m i vi ting n t my
mc, thit b cng nghip (ngun im) v bng 7,5 m i vi ngun n l dng xe
giao thng (ngun ng).
r2: Khong cch t r1 n im tnh (m)
a: H s k n nh hng hp th ting n ca a hnh mt t, i vi mt
t trng c a = 0,1, i vi mt t trng tri khng c cy a = 0, i vi mt ng
nha v b tng a = - 0,1.
+ Vi ting n pht ra t ngun im l cc my mc, thit b vi mc n ti a
chn l 100 dBA (h s a l 0,1) th:
Vi khong cch l 10 m th cng m thanh gim mt khong gi tr l:
L = 20.lg (r2/r1)1+a = 20.lg(10/1)1,1 = 22 dBA
Khi cng m thanh cn li l: 100 22= 78 dBA.
Vi khong cch l 20 m th cng m thanh gim mt khong gi tr l:
L = 20.lg (r2/r1)1+a = 20.lg(20/1)1,1 = 28,6 dBA
Khi cng m thanh cn li l: 100 28,6 = 71,4 dBA; nh hn so vi tiu
chun Vit Nam (tiu chun Vit Nam vi ting n khu vc dn c l 75 dBA: TCVN
5949:1998).
58

Vit Thi Nguyn
Vy, phm vi nh hng do ting n ca cc my mc, thit b khi hot ng c

bn knh khong 20 m. Vi khong cch ny nh dn xung quanh hu nh khng b
nh hng do ting n. Theo tnh ton th trong phm vi d n khong 10 m mc n
vt TCCP, mc n ny khng nh hng nhiu ti khu dn c. Th nhng nh
hng i vi cng nhn trc tip xy dng trn cng trng l khng th trnh khi.
+ Vi ting n pht ra t ngun ng:
Gi s ting n pht ra t xe c trng l 90 dBA.
Mc n gim theo khong cch thc t tnh t ngun n c xc nh nh sau:
Vi khong cch l 100m th cng m thanh gim mt khong gi tr l:
L = 10.lg (r2/r1)1+a = 10.lg(100/7,5)1,1 = 12,4 dBA
Khi cng m thanh cn li l: 90 12,4 = 77,6 dBA
L = 10.lg (r2/r1)1+a = 10.lg(200/7,5)1,1 = 15,7 dBA
Khi cng m thanh cn li l: 90 15,7 = 74,3 dBA trong gii hn tiu
chun Vit Nam (Tiu chun Vit Nam vi ting n khu vc dn c l 75 dBA: TCVN
5949:1998).
Nh vy, trong phm vi bn knh 100m cng m thanh do xe vn chuyn
gy ra cao hn so vi TCCP, nhng cng c nh hng t ti khu dn c xung quanh,
ch yu tc ng n cn b cng nhn thi cng xy dng trn cng trng. Do vy
cn c nhng bin php bo h lao ng cho cng nhn xy dng.
b/ Tai nn lao ng
Trong qu trnh thi cng cc yu t mi trng, cng lao ng, mc
nhim mi trng, ting n vi cng cao v nht l nhng ngy nng nng c kh
nng nh hng rt xu n sc kho ca ngi cng nhn nh gy mt mi, chong
vng v ngtV vy, cng nhn cn m bo cc nguyn tc an ton lao ng, ch
gi gn sc khe v trang b bo h lao ng y .
c/ Tai nn giao thng
Trong qu trnh thi cng san lp - xy dng cc hng mc cng trnh, mt giao
thng ti tuyn ng ni th s gia tng do nguy c xy ra tai nn v ch tc giao
thng ti cc gi cao im (sng t 6-8h, tra t 11-12h, chiu t 16 -18h) dn n cn
tr nhu cu i li ca dn c trong khu vc, gia tng p lc ln kt cu ng, trong
thi gian di gy nn cc bin dng v kt cu lm yu nn ng, st ln nt v...
lm gim tc lu thng trn ng, gy bi lm gim kh nng quan st ng ca
cc li xe khi tham gia giao thng v gy tai nn giao thng.
d/ An ninh, trt t khu vc
59

Vit Thi Nguyn
Trong giai on ny s lng cng nhn tp trung trn cng trng l khong
100 ngi, trong qu trnh lm vic cng nh sinh hot ti cng trng c th xy ra
nhng mu thun gia cng nhn vi ngi dn a phng, lm ny sinh nhng vn
khng tt nh hng xu n tnh hnh an ninh khu vc.
3.1.2.2. Khi d n i vo hot ng
Khi i vo hot ng bn xe khch, ngun ting n v rung ng ch yu l do
cc phng tin vn ti ch khch gy ra.
Bng 3.12. Mc gy n ca phng tin c gii ng b
Loi xe
Mc n cho php(dBA)
Cc loi xe 2 bnh ng c di 125cc
79
Cc loi xe du lch 12 ch ngi
83
Xe ch hng loi nh
84
Xe ti v xe but di 10.000cc
87
Xe ti v xe but trn 10.000cc
89
Theo cng thc tnh mc lan truyn ting n tng t phn thi cng xy dng
d n, ta tnh ton c giai on d n i vo hot ng nh sau:
Mc n khong cch r2 s gim hn mc n im c khong cch r1 l:
- i vi ngun ng: L = 10.lg (r2/r1)1+a
Trong : L: gim ting n (dBA).
r1: Khong cch cch ngun n (r1 thng bng 1 m i vi ting n t my
mc, thit b cng nghip (ngun im) v bng 7,5 m i vi ngun n l dng xe
giao thng (ngun ng).
r2: Khong cch t r1 n im tnh (m)
a: H s k n nh hng hp th ting n ca a hnh mt t, i vi mt
t trng c a = 0,1, i vi mt t trng tri khng c cy a = 0, i vi mt ng
nha v b tng a = - 0,1.
- Vi ting n pht ra t ngun ng:
Gi s ting n pht ra t xe c trng l 90 dBA( h s a l - 0,1)
Mc n gim theo khong cch thc t tnh t ngun n c xc nh nh sau:
L = 10.lg (r2/r1)1+a = 10.lg(100/7,5)0,9 = 10,1 dBA
60

Vit Thi Nguyn
Khi cng m thanh cn li l: 90 10,1 = 79,9 dBA;

L = 10.lg (r2/r1)1+a = 10.lg(200/7,5)0,9= 12,8 dBA
Khi cng m thanh cn li l: 90 12,8 = 77,2 dBA
(Tiu chun Vit Nam vi ting n khu vc dn c l 75 dBA: TCVN 5949:1998).
Nh vy, khi d n i vo hot ng th mc n s tng ln v u cao hn so
vi TCCP, v y l ngun ng nn s c nh hng n khu dn c xung quanh
nhiu hn, v c bit i vi cn b nhn vin lm vic ti khu vc bn xe. Do vy
cn c nhng bin php gim thiu tc ng ca ting n ti mi trng (s c trnh
by phn 4 ca bo co).
3.1.3. D bo nhng ri ro, s c mi trng do d n gy ra
- S c chy n
S c chy n do va chm, chp in, chy n trm bm xng du ca bn
xe...khi xy ra c th dn ti cc thit hi ln v kinh t x hi v lm nhim c ba
h thng sinh thi nc, t v khng kh mt cch nghim trng. Hn na n cn nh
hng ti tnh mng ca con ngi, ti sn ngi dn trong khu vc, c bit l cn b
cng nhn vin trc tip sinh hot ti bn xe.
- S c st ln
Vic b tng ha mt t c th dn n vic gim qu trnh thm ca nc ma
gy nn tc hi st mc nc ngm, gy st t v lm thi t. Mc nc ngm b st
xung cng l nguyn nhn gy thay i iu kin sng ca cc loi vi sinh vt a
nc dn n chng b cht i v thay vo l cc loi sng k nc. Kt qu l
chng lm cho t xp hn, y c th l nguyn nhn gy st ln t, hoc ln cc
cng trnh.
Hn na trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng cc hng mc cng trnh, mt
giao thng trong tuyn ng s gia tng, gia tng p lc ln kt cu ng, trong thi
gian di gy nn cc bin dng v kt cu lm yu nn ng, st ln nt v...
- S c v bo lt, sm st
Trong ma ma bo, cng trnh khng th trnh khi nhng tc ng do nc
ma, sm st gy chp in, gy chy, st ln, nt v cc cng trnhDo vy cn phi
c nhng bin php hn ch v khc phc nhng tc ng xu n cc cng trnh ca
bn xe. Cc gii php phng nga s c xut ti chng 4 ca bo co.
3.1.4. i tng b tc ng
3.1.4.1. H sinh vt v con ngi xung quanh khu vc d n
61

Vit Thi Nguyn
- Cn b, cng nhn vin ca bn xe: y l i tng chu tc ng trc tip

do phi thng xuyn lm vic trong mi trng d n.
Ngi dn sng xung quanh khu vc bn xe: C kh nng chu tc ng do bi,
ting n, nc thi, kh thi c hi v cht thi rn trong giai on thi cng thc hin
d n cng nh trong giai on bn xe i vo hot ng.
- Mi trng khu vc xung quanh chu cc tc ng tiu cc bi cc ngun kh
c hi v bi do cc phng tin vn chuyn gy ra; kh thi, nc thi v cht thi
rn pht sinh trong qu trnh bn xe i vo hot ng.
3.1.4.2. Cc thnh phn mi trng vt l ti khu vc d n
Mi trng khng kh b tc ng do kh c hi, bi, ting n pht sinh do cc
hot ng xy dng d n v khi d n i vo hot ng.
- Mi trng nc b tc ng do nc thi, cht thi rn ca bn xe khi i vo
hot ng.
- Mi trng t b tc ng do cht thi rn, nc thi ca bn xe.
3.1.4.3. Mi trng kinh t - x hi khu vc d n
* Tc ng tch cc
- Xy dng mi Bn xe Khch lin tnh Long Vit - Thi Nguyn ph hp vi
quy hoch tng th giao thng cng chnh thnh ph Thi Nguyn n nm 2010 v
nh hng n nm 2020.
- Xy dng Bn xe Khch Long Vit - Thi Nguyn vi cc tin ch tt nht theo
tiu chun Vit Nam v khu vc nhm phc v nhu cu i li, tham quan du lch ca
ngi dn.
- Xy dng Bn xe vi cu trc hin i, to im nhn th cho cnh quan khu
vc ca ng pha Ty Bc TP Thi Nguyn.
- Bn cnh , khi d n i vo hot ng s l iu kin to cng n vic lm
cho ngi dn a phng, gp phn tng thu nhp cho ngi dn.
* Tc ng tiu cc
- Mi trng nhim lm tng cc nguy c v sc kho lin quan n mi
trng do lm tng cc chi ph v dch v chm sc khm cha bnh.
- Tng cc chi ph bo dng h thng ng x, cu cng...
- Gia tng t nn x hi, mt trt t khu vc bn xe nh trm cp, c bc...
3.2. NHN XT V MC CHI TIT, TIN CY CA CC
NH GI
62

Vit Thi Nguyn
Cc nh gi v cc tc ng mi trng do vic trin khai thc hin ca d n

c thc hin mt cch tng i chi tit, bo co nu c cc tc ng n mi
trng trong tng giai on hot ng ca d n; nu c cc ngun nhim
chnh trong tng giai on hot ng ca d n; c lng c thnh phn v ti
lng cc cht nhim v a ra c m hnh d bo mc nh hng.
Cc phng php TM p dng trong qu trnh TM c tin cy cao. Vic
nh lng cc ngun gy nhim t so snh kt qu tnh ton vi cc Tiu chun
cho php l phng php thng c p dng trong qu trnh TM. C rt nhiu m
hnh, cng thc tnh ton s lan truyn cc cht nhim trong mi trng; cc cng
thc, m hnh thc nghim c p dng trong qu trnh TM ca d n u c tin
cy ln hn c, cho kt qu gn vi nghin cu thc t.
Tuy nhin, mc tin cy ca mt s mi nh gi cha tht s chnh xc do
nhng nguyn nhn sau:
- M hnh tnh ton c gii hn bi cc iu kin bin nghim ngt. Trong
cc cht nhim trong mi trng c coi bng 0, khng tnh n cc yu t nh
hng do a hnh khu vc...
- Cc thng s u vo (iu kin kh tng) a vo tnh ton l gi tr trung
bnh nm do kt qu ch mang tnh trung bnh nm. c kt qu c mc tin
cy cao s phi tnh ton theo tng ma, hoc tng thng. Nhng vic thc hin s rt
tn chi ph v TM v mt nhiu thi gian.
3.2.1. nh gi i vi cc tnh ton v lu lng, nng v kh nng
pht tn kh c hi v bi
- tnh ton ti lng v nng cc cht nhim do cc phng tin thi cng
v do cc hot ng khc gy ra c p dng theo cc cng thc thc nghim cho kt
qu nhanh, nhng chnh xc so vi thc t khng cao do lng cht nhim ny
cn ph thuc vo ch vn hnh nh: lc khi ng nhanh, chm, hay dng li u
c s khc nhau mi loi xe, h s nhim mi loi xe. Ngoi ra, trong thc t lng
nguyn vt liu vn chuyn c th khng ng vi d kin.
- tnh ton phm vi pht tn cc cht nhim trong khng kh s dng cc
cng thc thc nghim trong c cc bin s ph thuc vo nhiu yu t kh tng
nh tc gi, khong cch, Cc thng s v iu kin kh tng c gi tr trung
bnh nm nn kt qu ch c gi tr trung bnh nm. Do vy cc sai s trong tnh ton
so vi thi im bt k trong thc t l khng trnh khi.
3.2.2. nh gi i vi cc tnh ton v phm vi tc ng do ting n
Xc nh chnh xc mc n chung ca dng xe l mt cng vic rt kh khn, v
mc n chung ca dng xe ph thuc rt nhiu vo mc n ca tng chic xe, lu
lng xe, thnh phn xe, c im ng v a hnh xung quanh, v.v... Mc n dng
63

Vit Thi Nguyn
xe li thng khng n nh (thay i rt nhanh theo thi gian), v vy ngi ta

thng dng tr s mc n tng ng trung bnh tch phn trong mt khong thi
gian c trng cho mc n ca dng xe v o lng mc n ca dng xe cng phi
dng my o ting n tch phn trung bnh mi xc nh c.
3.2.3. nh gi i vi cc tnh ton v ti lng, nng v phm vi pht
tn cc cht nhim trong nc thi
- V lu lng v nng cc cht nhim trong nc thi sinh hot: Nc thi
sinh hot cn c vo nhu cu s dng ca c nhn c tnh lng thi do vy kt qu
tnh ton s c sai s xy ra do nhu cu ca tng c nhn trong sinh hot l rt khc
nhau.
- V phm vi tc ng: tnh ton phm vi nh hng do cc cht nhim cn
xc nh r rt nhiu cc thng s v ngun tip nhn. Do thiu cc thng tin ny nn
vic xc nh phm vi nh hng ch mang tnh tng i.
3.2.4. nh gi i vi cc tnh ton v lng cht thi rn pht sinh
Cng nh i vi cc tnh ton khc trong bo co TM, cc tnh ton v ti
lng, hm lng cc cht nhim trong cht thi rn cng gp phi nhng sai s
tng t. Vic tnh ton c da vo cc s liu thc t m bn ch d n cung cp.
Lng cht thi rn pht sinh c tnh c lng thng qua nh mc pht thi trung
bnh nn so vi thc t khng th trnh khi cc sai khc.
64

Vit Thi Nguyn
CHNG 4: BIN PHP GIM THIU TC NG XU,

PHNG NGA V NG PH S C MI TRNG
4.1 GIAI ON SAN LP MT BNG V THI CNG XY DNG D
N
Thi gian thi cng san lp mt bng v xy dng c s h tng theo d n l 02
nm (24 thng), ch u t v cc n v thi cng cam kt thc hin cc bin php
gim thiu n mc thp nht cc tc ng ca d n n mi trng xung quanh. Cc
bin php c p dng l:
4.1.1 Bin php gim thiu v x l cc tc ng xu
4.1.1.1 Cc bin php gim thiu nhim mi trng khng kh, ting n
Vn v bi v kh thi: Trong giai on ny cc kh thi c thnh phn kh n
gin, mc c hi v quy m tc ng nh tnh ton l khng cao. V vy ch
u t s tp trung vo gim thiu v ngn nga nhim ngay t ngun pht sinh:
La chn cc n v thi cng c nng lc, c trang thit b v phng
tin thi cng c gii hin i, c k thut cao, c kinh nghim trong xy
dng. Yu cu s dng cc loi thit b c gii c hiu sut cao, ti lng kh
thi nh v n thp.
Thng nht lch trnh thi cng cho hp l, tng s ca trong ngy gim
mt cc phng tin thi cng qua li trong cng mt thi im.
Thng xuyn kim tra, bo dng cc thit b my mc, phng tin
vn chuyn nh k my mc thit b hot ng trong trng thi tt nht.
Cc phng tin vn chuyn nguyn vt liu nh t , ct sin
cng trnh ngoi vic tun th lut giao thng cn phi tun theo cc quy
nh bo v mi trng khu vc nh xe phi c bt che thng v khng c
lm ri vi t , nguyn vt liu hn ch ti a s pht thi bi ra mi
trng.
Thc hin nghim tc quy nh hn ch tc di chuyn trong khu vc
cng trng va m bo an ton giao thng trong khu vc v gim c
lng bi cun theo. Tc lu thng ti a trong khu vc ni b khng
vt qu 5 km/h. t bin bo hiu cng trng ang thi cng v c ngi
hng dn cc phng tin tham gia giao thng i qua khu vc cng trng
ang thi cng m bo an ton.
- Khi xy dng tng cao n u cn phi che chn n bng vi bt, nylon,
vn p,
65

Vit Thi Nguyn
Trin khai cng tc gim thiu bi t bng cc bin php n gin l

thng xuyn ti nc hn ch bi trn cc tuyn ng vn chuyn ti
khu vc d n. Gii php ny tuy khng th x l trit c cc loi bi
nhng cng phn no hn ch c s pht tn ca chng. Tn sut cn thit
ti nc t hiu qu l 3 lt/ngy. Vic ti nc do doanh nghip
trc tip m nhn.
Vn v ting n v rung ng:
gim bt ting n v rung ng cn phi c k hoch thi cng hp l.
Cc thit b thi cng gy ting n ln nh ba my, my khoan, my o
khng c hot ng trong khon thi gian t 18 gi n 6 gi sng hm
sau.
Cc cng trnh cao tng c b tr xa cc nh hin hu v c thi cng
mng cc trc khi cc cng trnh xung quanh.
-
Thay th cc thit b qu thi hn s dng.
4.1.1.2 Cc bin php gim thiu tc ng n mi trng nc

Cc ngun gy nhim mi trng nc ch yu l du m, nc ma chy
trn v nc thi sinh hot ca cng nhn. Cc bin php gim thiu tc ng n mi
trng nc l:
Cc phng tin thi cng, vn chuyn n thi k bo dng cn a
n cc xng sa cha c kh, garage sa cha v thay th. Khng tin
hnh sa cha, thay du m trn khu vc cng trng nhm hn ch ti mc
thp nht s ri vi ca cc loi du m ra mi trng.
Trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng, nc ma cun theo t, ct, ciment
tri vi trn mt t nn cn phi nh hng dng chy thu gom thu gom
vo b lng hoc h ga trc khi thi ra knh rch. Qu trnh thi cng n u
gn n y, khng dn tri trn ton b din tch nhm hn ch lng nc
ma ko theo cht bn.
Trnh thi cng v ma ma bo hn ch tc ng do nc ma chy
trn
Qun l ngn chn r r xng du v vt liu c hi do phng tin vn
chuyn gy ra.
Nc thi sinh hot ca cng nhn thi cng trn cng trng: hn
ch nhng tc ng ca lng nc thi sinh hot n mi trng th ti cng
trnh xy dng phi xy dng cc nh v sinh c hm t hoi cnh cc ln
tri, th tch b t hoi cn tnh ton xy dng cho ton b thi gian xy dng
66

Vit Thi Nguyn
d n. Sau giai on thi cng bn s c ht i v phi san lp cc hm t

hoi ny.
4.1.1.3 Cc bin php gim thiu tc ng ca cht thi rn
- Khi lng t do o mng cng trnh ny khng nhiu khong 44162 m3
s c ti s dng li p vo chn cng trnh.
- Thu gom t , vt liu xy dng (ri vi ch yu l gch v, b tng), v
bao xi mng, ct p v g c a vo cc v tr qui nh trn mt bng khu vc
ti s dng vo cc mc ch khc.
- i vi cht thi rn nguy hi nh gi lau my c cha du m, can dng
xng du c thu gom ring v thu c s c iu kin x l cht thi nguy hi
vn chuyn x l theo ng quy nh ca php lut.
- Rc thi sinh hot c ngun gc t thc phm pht sinh do hot ng sinh
hot hng ngy ca cng nhn xy dng s phi phn loi, thu gom vo v tr qui nh,
ng thi thu ban qun l th ti a bn thu gom v a i x l.
- nhim t l nguyn nhn tim n gy nhim ngun nc mt v nc
ngm, do vy hn ch nhim t tuyt i khng x thi cc cht gy nhim hay
cht c hi vo vng trng hoc dng san lp mt bng.
4.1.2 Bin php gim thiu i vi s c mi trng
4.1.2.1 i vi s c tai nn lao ng
- p dng nghim ngt cc quy nh v an ton lao ng.
- Xy dng ni quy sinh hot y , r rng v t chc qun l cng nhn tt
nht.
- Trang b y bo h lao ng cho cng nhn thi cng trn cng trng
hn ch mc thp nht cc tai nn xy ra.
- Khi thi cng lp rp phi mang y thit b bo h lao ng.
- Khi c s c, ngi cng nhn (c o to hoc hng dn thc hnh) phi
ng cu kp thi theo quy tc an ton. Trang b y cc trang thit b cn thit trong
trng hp cp cu tai nn gii quyt s c
- Kim tra, bo dng my mc thit b thng xuyn m bo thit b lun
trong trng thi hot ng tt.
- B tr bo v gii quyt cc vn v tai nn lao ng, tai nn giao thng,
tranh chp ti sn, tranh chp trong sinh hot gia cng nhn vi nhau v cng nhn
vi ngi dn trong vng.
- R ph bom mn m bo an ton cho cng trnh thi cng v ngi lao
ng (cng tc r sot bom mn phi c thc hin trc khi thi cng).
67

Vit Thi Nguyn
4.1.2.2 i vi s c tai nn giao thng

- Gim mt cc phng tin thi cng vo cc gi cao im trong ngy
trnh n tc giao thng v tai nn xy ra nh : Bui sng t 6h - 8h, bui tra t 11h 12h, bui chiu t 16h - 18h.
- Phn lung ng, t bin bo ch dn
4.1.3 Cc bin php gim thiu khc
- Tng cng s dng nhn lc ti a phng, i vi cng nhn trong lu
tri ti khu vc d n th phi m bo y cc cng trnh v sinh nh cng rnh,
nh v sinh, nh tm, thng ng rc
- Phi hp vi lc lng bo v an ninh quc phng ti a bn tun tra
nhm ngn chn kp thi cc t nn x hi.
- C phng n n b gii phng mt bng tho ng theo ng qui nh ca
php lut, h tr chuyn i ngh nghip cho mt s h dn c din tch t trng
trong khu vc d n. Phng n n b t ai v cng trnh Kin trc:
a. Cc cn c:
- Cn c quyt nh s 72/2008 /Q-UBND ngy 29/12/2008 ca UBND tnh
Thi Nguyn v/v ban hnh gi t trn a bn tnh Thi Nguyn
- Cn c quyt nh s 23/2008 /Q-UBND ngy 22/04/2008 ca UBND tnh
Thi Nguyn v/v ban hnh n gi bi thng nh v cc cng trnh kin trc gn lin
vi t khi nh nc thu hi.
- Vn bn s 180/SXD-QHKT ngy 12/3/2009 ca S Xy dng tnh Thi
Nguyn v/v xc nh ranh gii khu t xy dng bn xe Thi Nguyn
Chi ph n b ca d n :
Chi ph n b t
Bng 4.1. Chi ph n b t
DIN
TCH
(m2)
N
GI
/m2
THNH TIN
T NH MT TIN
1944
3.500.00
0
6.804.000.0
00
T NH NGOI RANH GII
493
3.000.00
0
1.479.000.0
00
T NH TRONG HM
3760
2.000.00
0
7.520.000.0
00
T TRNG LA
20751
46.000
954.546.000
LOI T
68

Vit Thi Nguyn
T TRNG CY N QU
4515
42.000
189.630.000
T CANH TC HN HP
16148
42.000
678.216.000
SN GCH
635
200.000
127.000.000
MT NC
4474
33.000
147.642.000
CY N QU
2400
470.000
1.128.000.0
00
19.028.034
.000
TNG CNG
Chi ph n b cng trnh kin trc

Bng 4.2. Chi ph n b cng trnh kin trc
LOI NH
D.TCH
XD m2
N GI
/m2
THNH TIN
2977 1.269.00
0
3.777.813.000
NH XY GCH (ngoi ranh

gii)
298 1.269.00
0
378.162.000
NH TM
251
694.000
174.194.000
72
694.000
49.968.000
381 1.924.00
0
733.044.000
1.
924.000
236.652.000
1664 3.690.00
0
6.140.160.000
431 5.340.00
0
2.301.540.000
NH XY GCH
NH TM (noi ranh gii)

NH B TNG 1 TNG
NH B TNG 1 TNG
(ngoi ranh gii)
NH B TNG 2 TNG
NH B TNG 3 TNG
TNG CNG
123
13.791.533.0
69

Vit Thi Nguyn
00
4.2. GIAI ON BN XE I VO HOT NG
4.2.1 Bin php k thut x l nc thi
Phn loi nc thi cn x l
c th loi b cc tc ng gy nhim mi trng nc do nc thi cn
phi phn loi v tch thnh nhng nhm c thnh phn v c tnh ging nhau
thc hin x l ngay ti ngun pht sinh trc khi x vo ngun tip nhn. Da trn
ngun thi c th phn loi nh sau:
- Nc ma chy trn c ngun gc t nhin, ph thuc vo ch ma, din
tch v a hnh vng d n, c x trc tip vo ngun tip nhn theo ng cng
thot nc ma ring.
- Nc thi c ngun gc t sinh hot, dch v...
4.2.1.1 Nc thi sinh hot
Khi bn xe i vo hot ng, tng s cn b cng nhn vin ca cng ty l 58
ngi (lng nc thi sinh hot pht sinh c tnh 5,8 m 3/ngy, nh mc s dng
khong 100 lt/ngi/ngy). m bo nc thi sinh hot ca cn b, nhn vin ca
cng ty c x l trc khi thi ra mi trng, doanh nghip c k hoch tin
hnh xy dng h thng x l nc thi, vic la chn s dy chuyn cng ngh x
l nc thi cho bn xe ph thuc vo nhiu yu t, nh : mc cn thit lm sch
nc thi, lu lng nc thi cn x l, kh nng phn hy ca cc hp cht hu c,
hm lng cc cht gy nhim, tnh hnh a cht v a cht thu vn, iu kin
in, nc , chi ph xy dng, chi ph vn hnh bo dng ...H thng x l nc thi
bn xe c thit k vi cng sut x l 130m3/ngy ( tnh n kh nng qu ti ca
h thng ln 20%), s dy chuyn cng ngh c m t hnh di y bao gm
b t hoi ci tin (BASTAF), b iu ha, b x l sinh hc hiu kh, b lng.
70

B t hoi
Vit Thi Nguyn
BASTAF
Dng nc thi
sinh hot
B iu ha
Nc r t qu
trnh phn hy bn
B
Thp lc
sinh hc
B lng
Ngun tip nhn
Bm bn
B phn
hy bn
Cng ty thu gom

rc thi th
S khi ca h thng x l nc thi

Thuyt minh quy trnh cng ngh
Nc thi t cc khu b t hoi c a tp chung chy vo b iu ha, b
iu ha y c chc nng iu chnh nhng ch tiu c bn v c lng s b loi
b cn c hc v cc cht rn khng ho tan trc khi bm nc thi vo thp lc sinh
hc. Nc thi sau khi qua b iu ha c bm ln thp lc sinh hc. y xy ra
cc qu trnh phn hu cht hu c d phn hy s b vi sinh vt hiu ym kh phn
hy sinh hc to thnh CO2, H2O v bn hot ha (sinh khi). Tip nc qua x l
thp lc sinh hc cho t chy sang b lng, b lng ny c nhim v lng trong nc
phn trn x ra ngun tip nhn.
Bn ly ra b lng c bm vo b phn hy bn ym kh. B x l bn c
thit k di dng b t hoi nhm gim n mc ti thiu lng cn to ra. nh k
71

Vit Thi Nguyn
12 thng mt ln, cng ty v sinh mi trng thnh ph s a xe hm cu n ht

cn. Nc trong r ra t qu trnh phn hy bn c tun hon li b iu ha v tip
tc x l.
Phng n m bo hiu qu x l.
u im cng ngh
X l nc thi vi phng php ny c cc u im l n gin, d vn hnh,
ti lng cc cht gy nhim thay i trong gii hn rng trong ngy; thit b c kh
n gin v tiu hao t nng lng.
Chi tit cc thng s ca cc b x l:
Tnh ton ng dn nc vo cng trnh
Nhim v ca ng dn nc l dn ton b lng nc thi ca nh my n
cng trnh x l. V lu lng nc thi nh Q = 0,0015 m3/s nn ta s dng ng dn
nc bng nha PVC thay cho mng dn nc bng b tng gim bt chi ph.
Tnh ton kch thc ca ng : m bo khng b lng cn trn ng ng
th ta chn vn tc v = 0,4 m/s, ta tnh ng knh ng:
F =
Q .d 2
=
d =
v
4
4Q
.v
Q
0,785 .v
(1)
d =
Q
=
0,785 .v
0,0015
= 0,069
0,785 .0,4
70 mm
Vi h s y ng K = 0,5 , th dng = 140mm

Vy ta s dng ng nha PVC c =140 mm
Tnh th tch b t hoi
B t hoi BASTAF hot ng da trn nguyn l nc theo dng chy ngc
qua lp bn y ( x l ym kh trong iu kin ng), nc thi trc khi thi ra mi
trng c lc qua mt lp vt liu lc thng thng ( ct, si) b tr ti ngn cui
cng ca b. S lng b t hoi ci tin c phn b cho cc khu vn phng v
cng cng nh sau:
-
Khu vc vn phng nh hnh chnh : 1 b;
Khu vc cng cng : 3 b;
Nh ngh bn xe : 1 b;
Nh vy, ton d n c tng cng 5 b, cc b t hoi xy dng ti khu cng

cng c dung tch mi b c tnh cho mt b l :
V2 = 7000 15 0,8 / 3 28000 l = 28m 3 ,
72

Vit Thi Nguyn
s lng ngi ti nh ngh ca bn l 70 ngi nn dung tch c tnh l :

V3 = 60 455 0,8 = 21800 l 22 m 3 .
b x l t hiu qu cao th thi gian lu nc trong b ti u l 48h ( 2

ngy) .(Ngun: b t hoi v b t hoi ci tin - PGS.TS Nguyn Vit Anh - Nh xut
bn Xy dng, H Ni 2007). Do , th tch yu cu cho b t hoi phc v cho bn
xe vi h s an ton c chn l k = 25% th th tch mt b t hoi c thit k l :
V1 = 6 2 + 6 25% = 15m3
V2 = 28 2 + 28 25% = 63m 3
V3 = 22 2 + 22 25% 50 m 3
Mi b c b tr 1 lp vt liu lc thng thng: ct, si

S nguyn l hot ng b t hoi ci tin (BASTAF) th hin nh hnh 4.1
Theo ngun: B t hoi v b t hoi ci tin - PGS.TS Nguyn Vit Anh - Nh

xut bn Xy dng, H Ni 2007 th hiu sut x l ca b t hoi ci tin i vi cc
ch tiu nh 77% (45,9 - 95,8%) i vi cn hu c ( COD v BOD) v 86,2%(69,1 97,3%) i vi cn l lng ( SS ).
Sau khi x l qua h thng b t hoi ci tin vi ngn lc k kh cui b
nng cn hu c (BOD5) cn li trong nc thi khong 120 150 mg/l v nng
cn l lng (SS) cn khong 120-200mg/l.
Th tch b iu ha
B iu lu c chc nng iu ha lu lng nc thi v cc cht cn x l
bo m hiu qu cho cc qui trnh x l sinh hc v sau, n cha nc thi v cc
cht cn x l cc gi cao im, phn phi li trong cc gi khng hoc t s dng
cung cp mt lu lng nht nh 24/24 gi cho cc h thng x l sinh hc pha
73

Vit Thi Nguyn
sau. Ngoi ra, my nn kh cung cp oxy to ra s xo trn hon ton v trnh gy

mi hi thi trong b iu ha.
B iu ha hot ng theo nguyn tc y nn b c cu to hnh ch nht trn
mt bng y phng, xy dng b iu ha vi dung tch xc nh theo cng thc thc
nghim :
W = Q.T
[9]
Trong :
Q- lu lng nc thi, Q = 5,4 m3/h.
T - thi gian lu nc trong b iu ho, t = 2 gi.
W = 5,4 2 = 10,8 m3
Chn chiu cao cng tc ca b l h = 1,5m
Din tch b l:
F=
W
9,36
=
= 7,2
h
1,5
m2
Chn b c kch thc: Di Rng = 3m 2,4m

Chn chiu cao d tr ca b l 0,3 m
Chiu cao xy dng ca b l : H = 1,5 + 0,3 = 1,8m.
H thng thi kh c b tr y b iu ha.
74

Vit Thi Nguyn
+ S dng thit b cp kh to bt c kch thc trung bnh kiu dn ng phn

phi kh nn dng c l. H thng phn phi gm 1 tuyn ng dn kh chnh D70 mm
t my nn kh ti cc b iu ha. Ti mi b c: 1 ng ng nhnh D50mm dn kh
xung dn sc kh pha di. Ta la chn h thng phn phi kh l a quay, mi a
cch nhau 50cm. Nh vy:
B iu ha c 7 hng a/b, 3 a/ hng
Thp lc sinh hc
Thp c thit k theo tiu chun thp lc sinh hc cao ti thng gi t nhin,
p ng c lu lng hin ti v trong tng lai ca bn xe.
- Phn b thp c kch thc : D x R x C = 12 x 3 x 1,5m.
- Chiu cao ton b thp lc sinh hc H = 6,1m.
+ Chiu cao ca thp phn hnh tr: Htr = 3,7m.
+ Chiu cao ca thp phn chp: Hc= 0,6m.
+ Chiu cao phn ng thot kh: Hk= 1,8m.
- ng knh thn tr D = 2m, ng knh ng khi d1= 0,6m, ng knh ming
khi d2= 0,9m.
- Th tch cn thit ca khi vt liu lc cho thp: W = 9,68 m3.
- Din tch b mt thp: F = 3,8 m2.
- Lp m sinh hc:
75

Vit Thi Nguyn
+ rng P =50-70% v din tch b mt n v Fa=150-200m2/m3.

+ Chiu cao lp m sinh hc l: H=2,5m.
- Cc ca s thng gi t cao gia y v sn m vi tng din tch
ca cc ca bng 20% din tch sn phn phi, Fsn thng gi = 0,76m2.
- ng ng dn nc ra ca thp ly theo ng ng dn nc vo: dr = 140mm
- Vt liu: Thp lc sinh hc c ch to bng Inox Vit Nam, D2000xH6100;
S lng: 01 ci.
Kim tra ch tiu lm vic ca thp
- Ti trng cht hu c theo th tch vt liu lc: aBOD5

+ Ti trng BOD5 tnh cho 1 thp:
GBOD5 = (150 - 30).10-3.130 = 15,6 kg/ngy.m
aBOD5 = GBOD5/W = 13,2 / 9,68 = 1,6 kg BOD5/m3VL ngy.m.
- Ti trng nc thi cho thp:
+ Lu lng nc thi cho thp: Q = 130 m3/ngy.m.
q = Q/F = 130/3,7 = 35 m3/m2ngy.m (nm trong khong [4,1 40,7]).
Tnh ton s b hiu sut x l nc thi
Trong qu trnh x l (nht l ti thp lc sinh hc) ngoi cc thnh phn hu c

b phn hu th thnh phn cc cht dinh dng (N, P) cng b phn hu ng thi.
n gin, ta xc nh hiu qu x l ca h thng i vi thng s BOD5.
Trong dy chuyn h thng x l nc thi, hm lng cht hu c v dinh
dng c x l ch yu ti thp lc sinh hc. Ta coi qu trnh x l hu c ti cc
cng trnh khc (b iu ha) l khng ng k. Hiu sut x l ca thp (tnh cho qu
trnh x l sinh hc bc 1) c xc nh s b theo cng thc sau:
100
E1= 1 + 0,4433
W
V .F
(1)
(Ngun: Hong Vn Hu v Trn c H. Thot nc tp II- X l nc thi.

Nxb Khoa hc v k thut, H Ni-2002)
Trong :
- E1: Hiu sut x l nc thi (%)
- V: Th tch ca khi vt liu lc cho 1 thp (m3), V = 9,68 m3;
- W: Ti trng BOD5 vo thp (kg/ngy);
Chn BOD5 vo l 150 mg/l = 0,150 kg/m3, vi lu lng thit k Q = 130
m3/ngy;
76

Vit Thi Nguyn
W=
Q. BOD5vo
Vthp
130 .0,150
9,68
= 2 kg/ngy
- F: H s lin quan tun hon

1+ R
F = 1 + R
Vi R - Ch s tun hon, R =
(2)
10
Qtuan hoan
Q
, do h thng khng tun hon nn
Qtuanhoan = 0, v vy R = 0.
Thay vo (2) ta c F = 1.
Thay cc gi tr vo (1):
100
E1= 1 + 0,4433
2
9,68 .1
= 83,23%
Vi hiu sut 83,23 % th hm lng BOD5 x l c l: 150 x 83,23 % = 125

mg/l
Hm lng BOD5 ti dng ra sau x l: 150mg/l 125mg/l = 25 mg/l < 30 mg/l
(Mc tiu chun cho php TCVN 6772:2000 (mc II)).
Nh vy, vi lu lng nh tnh ton Q = 130 m 3/ngy th h thng trn hon
ton c th p ng nhu cu x l nc thi ca bn xe. Sau qu trnh x l, nc thi
t tiu chun cho php trc khi thi ra mi trng.
Tnh ton b lng ng
C nhim v lng trong nc phn trn x ra ngun tip nhn v c c
bn hot tnh n nng nht nh phn di ca b bm sang b x l bn.
Din tch ng trung tm c xc nh theo lu lng giy ti a bao gm c
nc thi v bn tun hon.
Lng nc i vo b lng
Q = 0,0015 (m3/s)
f =
Q
V
Trong :
Q : Lu lng nc thi tnh ton, Q = 0,0015 (m3/s)

V1 : Tc chuyn ng ca nc thi trong ng trung tm, ly V1 = 30 (mm/s)
Do :
f =
1,5.10 -3
= 0,05
0,03
(m2)
Dung tch ca b c xc nh theo cng thc:

W=Q t
77

Vit Thi Nguyn
Trong :
Q : Lu lng nc thi tnh ton, Q = 1,5.10-3 (m3/s)

t : Thi gian lu nc trong b, t = 1,5 (gi)
W = 1,5.10-3 1,5 3600 = 8,1 (m3)
Do :
Chiu cao cng tc ca b

h=V t
Trong :
V : Vn tc nc dng trong b lng, ly V = 0,5 (mm/s)

t : Thi gian lu nc, t = 1,5 (gi)
Do :
hct = 0,0005 1,5 3600 = 2,7 (m)
Chiu cao xy dng ca b :

HXD = hct + hnn + hbv = 2,7 +
3
tg 45 0 + 0,5 = 4,7 m
2
Din tch hu ch b lng t II :

W
8,1
=3
2,7
F=h =
ct
(m2)
Vy tng din tch b l F = 2,59 + 0,05 = 3,05 (m2) ly trn 3,1 (m2)
V th tch thc ca b l : W = hLII F = 2,7 3,1 = 8,37 (m3)
Thit k b lng hnh trng vi bn knh b l :
R=
3,1
1 m
3,14
Din tch bung phn phi trung tm f = 0,4 (m2)

ng knh bung phn phi trung tm
d =
4. f
4 0,4
= 0,7 m 2
3,14
Din tch vng lng ca b S = 3,1 0,4 = 2,7 (m2)

Ti trng thy lc
a=
Q 130
=
= 48
S
2,7
(m3/m2ngy)
Vn tc i ln ca dng nc trong b v =
48
2 (m/h)
24
Mng thu nc t vng quanh b c kch thc :

dmng x hmng= 1,6m x 0,4m
78

Vit Thi Nguyn
Chiu di mng thu nc L = dmng = 1,6 x 3,14 =5 (m)

Ti trng thu nc trn 1m chiu di ca mng
aL =
Q 130
=
= 26 m3/m2.di.ngy
L
5
ng knh ng x bn
Db =
4.G BOD5
86400 .Vb
4.15,6
0,02 m
86400 0,5 3,14
Chn ng ng lm bng st trng km c ng knh chn 20 mm
h1 : Chiu cao phn lng

h2 : Chiu cao lp cn
h3 : Chiu cao lp nc trung
ho
h4 : Khong cch bo v
D : ng knh b lng ng
d : ng knh y b.
1: ng trung tm
2: ng x cn
3 : ng dn nc vo
B phn hu bn
Hnh 4.3 S b lng

ng
B phn hu bn c thit k theo kiu b t hoi, n ng thi lm 2 chc

nng: lng v phn hu bn cn.
Khi lng cn trong b lng
G = 15,6 kg/ngy
Trong :
+ Cn v c: G = 0,4.15,6 = 6,24 kg/ngy

+ Cn hu c: G = 0,6.15,6 = 9,36 kg/ngy
- Th tch cn b lng a v b cha bn mi ngy:
79

Vit Thi Nguyn
V =
G
15 ,6.10 3
=
=1,55
S .P 1,005 .0,01
m3/ngy
Trong :
+ S - T trng ca cn trong b lng , S = 1,005 T/m3
+ P - Nng ca cn trong b lng , P = 1% = 0,01
Chn thi gian nc bn lu ti b l 5 ngy
Th tch tnh ton chung ca b l:
V = Q. =1,55 .5 = 7,75 m3
Thit k b c cc kch thc nh sau:
- Ngn cha: LCxBCxHC = 2,0x1,0x2,0; VC = 4m3
- Ngn lng:
LLxBLxHL =2,0x1,0x2,0; VL = 4m3
- Kch thc b: LxBxH = 2,0x2,0x2,0 (m)

B c thit k hp khi vi vt liu BTCT M250
4.2.1.2 Nc ma chy trn
D n thit k h thng mng li thot nc ma chy trn trn ton b
mt bng ca bn. hn ch s lng cn trong h thng cng thot, nc ma chy
trn qua song chn rc v c x l lng cn ti cc h ga sau c chy ra ngun
tip nhn.
Thng s tnh ton ca mng li thot nc:
Nc ma trong khu vc c thot thng qua cc tuyn cng B x H nh sau:
-Loi 400 x 600 C chiu di: 144.0(m)
- Loi 400 x 700: C chiu di: 249(m)
- Loi 600 x 900: C chiu di: 528.0(m)
- Loi 150: C chiu di: 607.0(m)
- Cng qua ng 400x700: C chiu di: 12.70(m)
- Cng qua ng: 600x900: C chiu di: 37.13(m)
- H ga k thut: 38(H)
Gii php thot nc:
Nc ma t cc bi xe, sn cc cng trnh vo cc mng thot nc qua
khu vc, cc mng cc mp b va 1.0(m) sau tp trung v vo cng thot nc
hin c ca ng Quang Trung.
80

Vit Thi Nguyn
Cc khu vc nc b nhim du m th phi qua by tch du sau mi vo

h thng thot nc chung.
Nc ma
H thng
cng rnh
Song chn
rc
H ga
Ngun tip
nhn
4.4 S h thng thot nc chung
+ i vi nc thot t tm ra
Thot nc
tm
Mng thot
nc quanh nh
H thng
thot chung
4.5 S h thng thot nc sinh hot

4.2.2 Thu gom v x l cht thi rn
Cht thi rn y ch yu l rc thi sinh hot thi ra t cc qu trnh hot
ng ca cn b cng nhn vin v khch thp phng, bao gm cc loi rc v c
(bao b, giy, nylon, nha ) v cc cht hu c. Theo tiu chun rc thi cho mi
ngi khong 0,75kg/ngi/ ngy. Hng gii quyt nh sau:
81

Vit Thi Nguyn
- i vi rc thi t cc nh bit ngh th phi c cha trong cc ti nylon

bc kn v tp trung ti cc thng rc quy nh.
- i vi rc thi t cc cng trnh cng cng s xy dng cc nh cha rc tp
trung.
- Ton b rc thi trong sinh hot ny s c cng ty Dch V Cng Cng thu
gom hng ngy bng cc xe p rc v vn chuyn v bi rc ca thnh ph.
- Cc thng rc v nh cha rc thi cn phi phn bit c mu ( xanh, ..)
khc nhau c th phn loi rc,tt c c b tr vi khong cch hp l v c
thit k chng thm tt, c mi che trnh hin tng thm thu theo nc ma v
pht tn theo gi.
4.2.3 Gim thiu nhim mi trng khng kh
Bi v kh c hi pht sinh ch yu do hot ng ca cc phng tin vn
chuyn hnh khch khi ra vo bn. Ngun gy nhim ny khng c bin php kh thi
x l, tuy nhin hn ch vic pht tn bi v kh thi vo mi trng xung quanh
th Doanh nghip cn p dng cc bin php sau:
u t cc phng tin ti nc phun m thng xuyn trn khu

vc bn bi v trn tuyn ng vn chuyn, hn ch nh hng ca bi pht
tn vo mi trng khng kh. Tn sut ti nc gim bi l 02 ln/ngy
vo ma ma v 04 ln/ngy vo ma kh. Do a hnh trn bn bi u c
gii nha trn cc tuyn ng hoc b tng ho nn hin tng bi b cun
theo khi cc xe ra vo bn c hn ch i rt nhiu.
Trng cy xanh hai bn tuyn ng v xung quanh hng ro ca khu
vc bn bi nhm hn ch s pht tn bi v gim s ngt ngt ch ng
ngi.
Thng xuyn nng cp, bo tr bo dng cc loi phng tin vn
chuyn, t lm tng h s s dng nhin liu ca cc phng tin ny,
gin tip lm hn ch lng bi v kh thi pht sinh t qu trnh t chy
nhin liu. Tt c cc phng tin vn chuyn u phi nh k kim tra cc
b phn k thut lin quan n vic thi khi nhm hn ch lng khi thi t
ngun di ng ra mi trng xung quanh.
Xe ch phi ng vi trng ti quy nh, s dng ng nhin liu vi
thit k ca ng c v nghim chnh chp hnh cc quy nh v lu thng.
Xy dng cc tuyn ng vn ti phi m bo ng yu cu k thut,

to iu kin cho cc xe khch thun tin cho vic lu thng trnh phi dng
phanh gp, thay i hn ch lng kh thi, bi
4.2.4 Hn ch mc nh hng do ting n
82

Vit Thi Nguyn
- La chn cc loi phng tin vn chuyn c ting n thp.

- Kim tra nh k mc n cho cc phng tin t c mc n theo tiu
chun cho php.
- Phi c ni quy yu cu ngh hnh khch ra vo bn gi trt t chung.
- Trng cy xanh xung quanh khu vc d n to thnh hng ro chn khng
nhng hp th gim n v gim bi, kh thi pht tn vo mi trng xung quanh m
cn c tc dng chng st l, xi mn t v lm p cnh quan cho bn.
4.2.5 Cc bin php phng nga ng ph s c mi trng
4.2.5.1 Cc bin php phng chy cha chy:
Trong qu trnh thit k, thi cng xy dng phi tun th nghim ngt cc quy
nh v phng chy cha chy cho nh v cng trnh (TCVN 2622/ 1995). Tuy nhin
khi d n i vo hot ng cng cn cc bin php nga v hn ch n mc thp nht
khi c s c xy ra.
- B tr ng ng cp nc cha chy theo mng vng ti tt c cc khu nh.
- Cc tr nc cha chy phi c b tr dc theo cc ng giao thng bn
ngoi v ni b vi khong cch gia cc tr khng qu 150 m.
- Thip lp cc h thng bo chy t ng, n tn hiu v thng tin tt, cc
thit b c lp t trong trung tm kim sot s c.
- Tin hnh kim tra v sa cha nh k cc h thng c th gy chy n.
4.2.5.2 Phng chng bo lt, chng st
Phng chng bo l
Thng xuyn no vt h thng cng rnh,khi thng dng chy, tng
kh nng tiu thot ng, thot nc cho h thng thot nc ca bn trong
ma ma bo.
Chun b cc phng tin phng chng bo lt nh : ct chng, thang,
dy buc, o ma, n pin, ng
Kim tra h thng ct in, bin p v cc h thng thng tin lin lc
m bo khng b gin on trong ma ma bo.
C cc phng n, k hoch di chuyn ngi v ti sn khi c l lt xy
ra.
S c chng st
H thng thu li chng st:
83

Vit Thi Nguyn
- Theo tiu chun chng st NZ/AS 1768-1991: Tiu chun chng st ca

Australia v Newzealand.
- Theo tiu chun chng st NFC 17-102/7/95 1768-1991: Tiu chun chng st
ca Php.
- Theo tiu chun IEEE Std. 837-1989: Tiu chun la chn vt liu cho h
thng ni t.
- Theo tiu chun UL 467-1984, ANSI C33.8-1972 v CSA: Tiu chun la
chn vt liu cho h thng ni t.
- Tiu chun Vit Nam 20 TCN 48-84
- vic chng st c an ton v hiu qu, m bo cho cc thit b vn
hnh an ton, khng xy ra s c lm ngng tr qu trnh vn hnh ca Cng trnh.
iu thc hin c bng cch s dng h thng thu li chng st cho cc hng
mc cng trnh. Do cng trnh c quy m rng, c cao khng ln lm v c mi lp
tn vi din tch rng nn s dng h thng chng st truyn thng vi kim thu v cc
kt hp tia.
a. Kim thu st:
Kim thu s dng thp m km cao 1,0 1,5m, c lin kt trc tip vo mi
tn bng hn in hoc bng bulon.
Lin kt gia cc kim thu v h kim thu vi h thng cc tip t bng dy thp
m km 10.
Ti cc v tr dy dn xung b cc cc tip t b tr cc b kp ni kim tra,
cao cc nn sn khong 1m kim tra in tr ca h thng tip t xem c t yu
cu.
b. H thng tip t chng st:
Cc tip t: S dng cc tip t c li bng thp c m ng bn ngoi,
hoc cc thp m km. Cc c lin kt vi nhau bng tia thp dt L40x40 m km
qua mi hn in.
Cc c ng thng ng v ton b h thng tip t c chn su cch
mt t 0,8 m. t s dng chn cc khng ln si v c m cht theo tng lp
0,2m.
in tr ni t yu cu ca h thng chng st, Rn 10 . (Bo v C.II)
4.2.6 Cc bin php khc
- Thng xuyn nng cao nhn thc v mi trng cho cn b cng nhn vin
trong ton cng ty nh : t chc cc lp tp hun ngn ngy v mi trng thng qua
84

Vit Thi Nguyn
cc hot ng ca cc t chc, on th. Qua , gio dc cho mi ngi thc bo

v mi trng.
- Thnh lp qu khen thng mi trng, khen thng kp thi nhng cc nhn,
tp th lm tt cng tc v sinh mi trng.
- Nng cao thc bo v mi trng bng cch t chc cc t tng v sinh
nhn dp ngy tt trng cy, ngy mi trng th gii v cc dp l khc.
- ng gp kinh ph ng h a phng cng pht trin v cc mt kinh t x
hi. Giao lu hc hi, to mi quan h tt p vi chnh quyn v nhn dn a
phng.
- Qun l cn b cng nhn vin tht tt khng cc t nn x hi xy ra nh hng
n uy tn ca cng ty cng nh nh hng n nhn dn xung quanh khu vc bn.
85

Vit Thi Nguyn
CHNG 5: CHNG TRNH QUN L V

GIM ST MI TRNG
5.1. Chng trnh qun l mi trng
5.1.1. Chng trnh qun l cc vn bo v mi trng
Chng trnh qun l mi trng c xy dng trn c s tng hp cc thng
tin v hot ng ca d n, cc tc ng chnh, cc bin php gim thiu tc ng xu
v cc bin php phng chng s c mi trng (nu ti chng 1, 3, 4) t lp k
hoch qun l ph hp (xem bng 5.1).
Bng 5.1 : Chng trnh qun l mi trng
STT
Cc hot
ng ca
d n
Cc tc ng
chnh
n
mi trng
Bin php gim thiu tc

ng xu, phng chng
s c mi trng
Thi gian
thc hin
Kinh ph
d kin
(ng)
GIAI ON THI CNG XY DNG CNG TRNH

- Gii
phng mt
bng ( khi
lng
khng
ng k)
-Vn
chuyn
nguyn vt
liu, my
mc, thit
b.
- Xy dng
cc hng
mc cng
trnh
- Bi, kh
thi, ting n
nh hng
n
mi
trng khng
kh khu vc
v
xung
quanh.
- Nc thi
v cht thi
rn
nh
hng n
mi trng
t, nc.
- Lp k hoch thi cng,

b tr nhn lc hp l.
- Che chn khi vn
chuyn.
- Thc hin nghim tc
quy nh hn ch tc
lu thng ti a trn
ng ni b l 5km/h.
- La chn phng tin,
my mc hin i, pht
thi t v n thp.
Trin
khai
cc
bin php
gim thiu
nhim
ngay trong
cc
giai
on ca
qu trnh
thi
cng
xy dng.
- Kinh ph
cho vic
xy dng
cng trnh
mi
trng
khong
350 triu
ng
- Bo dng my mc
nh k.
- Nhng ri
ro, s c
trong
qu
trnh thi
- Ti nc 3 ln/ngy
trn cc tuyn ng
trong khu vc d n hn
ch bi.
cng (tai nn
lao ng, tai
nn
giao
thng,
gy
- o rnh tm thi v
hng dng chy thot
nc ma thu gom
thu gom vo b lng
86

Vit Thi Nguyn
mt
TTANKV
trc khi thi ra knh.

- Khng thay du, ngn
chn r r xng du trong
khu vc d n.
- Nc thi sinh hot ca
cng nhn xy dng
c x l b t hoi ci
tin .
- t thi c tn
dng san nn, p
mng.
- Rc thi xy dng: bao
b ximng, ct p, g...c
th ti s dng vo mc
ch khc.
- Cht thi rn sinh hot
sau thu gom c vn
chuyn i chn lp.
- Thc hin nghim ngt
cc quy nh an ton lao
ng trong thi cng xy
dng.
- Phi hp vi lc lng
an ninh tun tra khu vc
gi ANTT cng cng.
II
GIAI ON D N I VO HOT NG
- Hot
ng vn
chuyn
hnh khch
ra vo bn.
- Hot
ng ca
dch v.
- Hot
- Bi v kh
thi c hi
ca
cc
phng tin
giao thng
nh hng
n
mi
trng khng
kh.
- Nc thi
- Phun nc trn cc
tuyn ng xe ra vo
bn, trong khu vc bn.
- Trng cy xanh hai
bn tuyn ng v xung
quanh hng ro ca khu
vc bn bi.
- Nc thi sinh hot

c x l bng h thng
- Cc cng
trnh x l
mi trng
c xy
dng t
giai on
XDCB, t
thng 1
nm 2010
n thng
- Chi ph
qun
l
cho vn
mi
trng d
kin: 60
triu
ng/nm
87

Vit Thi Nguyn
ng sinh
hot
ca
nhn vin
v
hnh
khch.
sinh hot nh
hng n
mi trng
nc mt.
- Tc ng
bi cht thi
rn ( rc thi
sinh hot ).
- Nhng ri
ro v s c
c th xy ra
(chy n, st
nh, st ln
do
mi
xng)
x l nc thi gm b
t hoi ci tin vi tng
th tch 254m3, xy dng
5 b, mt b iu ha,
mt thp lc sinh hc,
mt b lng, mt b x l
bn .
- B tr v tr cc thng
rc mt cch hp l
vic thu gom rc t hiu
qu tt nht.
- Rc thi c thu gom,
phn loi, tn dng thnh
phn ti ch, ti s dng.
12 nm
2011.
- Cc
bin php
gim thiu
nhim
c thc
hin song
song vi
qu trnh
hot ng
ca bn xe.
- Rc thi sinh hot tp

kt ti nh cha rc sau
c vn chuyn i
chn lp.
- Thc hin cc bin
php gim thiu cc s
c c th xy ra ( p
dng nghim ngt cng
tc an ton lao ng ).
- Tun th ni quy
PCCC.
- C gii php chng st,
tip a an ton.
- T chc gio dc
tuyn truyn nng cao
nhn thc cho cn b
nhn vin.
- C cn b chuyn
trch theo di qun l cc
vn v mi trng.
Kinh ph thc hin : Bao gm kinh ph xy dng, kinh ph thit b v lp t cc

cng trnh x l mi trng, kinh ph t chc qun l cc vn mi trng.
88

Vit Thi Nguyn
Tng kinh ph d kin l: 450.000.000

Thi gian thc hin:
Giai on XDCB: Trin khai xy dng cc cng trnh x l mi trng
v cc bin php gim thiu nhim mi trng khc.
-
Giai on sn xut:
Thc hin cc bin php gim thiu nhim.

T chc vn hnh v gim st cc cng trnh x l mi trng.
Hng nm t chc cc lp tp hun v mi trng v ng ph s c mi
trng.
n v thc hin chng trnh qun l mi trng:Cng ty CP Long Vit
n v gim st chng trnh qun l mi trng: Trung Tm Quan Trc Mi
Trng tnh Thi Nguyn.
5.1.2. M hnh t chc, c cu nhn s cho cng tc qun l mi trng
Cng tc qun l v bo v mi trng c c b tr nh sau: Theo d kin
phng hnh chnh ca bn xe s b tr 1 cn b hnh chnh chuyn trch theo di v
cc cng tc lin quan ti v sinh mi trng.
5.1.3. Lp k hoch qun l, trin khai cng tc bo v mi trng
- C chng trnh k hoch bo v mi trng c th, chi tit cho tng nm.
- Kt hp vi t chc on - ng c s thng xuyn tham gia pht ng cc
phong tro trng cy xanh v cc hot ng bo v mi trng.
5.1.4. K hoch o to, gio dc nng cao nhn thc mi trng
- Nhn vin lm vic trc khi c nhn vo cng tc ti cng ty phi qua st
hch v an ton lao ng v bo v mi trng.
- T chc cc lp tp hun ngn ngy v mi trng thng qua cc hot ng ca
cc t chc, on th. Qua nng cao nhn thc v mi trng cho cn b cng
nhn vin trong cng ty.
- Thnh lp qu khen thng mi trng, khen thng kp thi nhng c nhn,
tp th lm tt cng tc v sinh mi trng.
- Nng cao thc bo v mi trng bng cch t chc cc t tng v sinh nhn
nhng dp ngy Tt trng cy, ngy Mi trng th gii...
- Xy dng khun vin cy cnh xung quanh khu vc to cnh quan mi trng
xanh sch p.
5.2 Chng trnh gim st mi trng
89

Vit Thi Nguyn
Thc hin cc quy nh v mi trng, cng ty CP Long Vit s thc hin cc

hot ng quan trc mi trng nhm xc nh kp thi cc bin i v cht lng cc
thnh phn mi trng khu vc, lp bo co trnh c quan qun l mi trng.
Ni dung chng trnh kim sot nhim mi trng bao gm hot ng quan
trc cht lng mi trng nc, mi trng khng kh v theo di tnh hnh sc kho
ca ngi dn quanh khu vc bn. C th nh sau:
5.2.1 Gim st cht thi
Gim st mi trng khu vc d n
Bng 5.2. Chng trnh gim st mi trng khu vc d n giai on XDCB
Loi
mu
V tr
Kh
Nc
thi
S
lng
Tn sut
Ch tiu
Mc ch
Trung
01
tm d
n
03
ln/nm
Bi, n NO2,
SO2,
H2S,
NH3 vi kh
hu.
nh gi,
TCVN
gim
st
5937:2005
cht lng
TCVN
mi trng
5938:2005
khng kh
khu vc d TCVN
5949:1998
n.
Ti
01
im x
t
h
thng
thot
nc
ca d
n
03
ln/nm
Lu lng,
pH,
BOD,
COD,
SS,
TSS, NO3-N,
NO2-N, NH4N
,
N , P ,
coliform,Du
m.
Kim sot QCVN 14 :

hm lng 2008/BTNMT
cc
cht
gy
nhim
nc thi
giai on
thi
cng
xy dng.
Tiu chun so
snh
90

Vit Thi Nguyn
Bng 5.3 : Chng trnh gim st mi trng khu vc

bn xe giai on hot ng
Loi
mu
V tr
S
lng
Tn xut
ln/nm
Ch tiu
Mc ch
(mu)
- Khu vc
vn phng
lm vic
Kh
- Khu vc bi
xe
- Khu vc xe
ra vo bn
01
01
03
ln/nm
01
03
ln/nm
- Bi, n, H2S,
NO2, SO2, NH3
vi kh hu
03
ln/nm
- pH, BOD,
COD,
SS,
TSS, NO3-N,
NO2-N, NH4-N
N , P ,
coliform, du
m.
- Quan trc
cht lng
nc b mt
khng qua h
thng x l
- pH, dn,
BOD, COD,
NO3-N, NO2N, NH4-N ,
,TSS, tng N
v P, coliform,
du m.
- Quan trc
cht lng
nc thi sau
x l
01
Nc
thi
-Ti ca x s
2(nc thi
sau x l thi
ra ngoi MT).
- Bi, n, NH3, - nh gi
TCVN
NO2, SO2, H2S cht lng 5937:2005
vi kh hu
mi trng
TCVN
khng
kh 5938:2005
- Bi, n, H2S, khu vc.
TCVN
NO2, SO2, NH3
5949:1998
vi kh hu
03
ln/nm
-Ti ca x s
1 ( nc b
mt).
01
03
ln/nm
Tiu
chun so
snh
QCVN
14
:
2008/BTN
MT
Ghi ch: Cc tiu chun, quy chun k thut c xut so snh ch mang tnh
cht tham kho. Trong qu trnh hot ng ca d n, c quan qun l - gim st mi
trng hon ton c th p dng cc tiu chun, quy chun khc cho ph hp vi
iu kin thc t.
Gim st mi trng xung quanh
91
nh gi mc nh hng do hot ng ca bn xe n khu vc xung quanh, Doanh nghip xut chng trnh gim st mi
trng xung quanh nh sau:
Bng 5.4: Chng trnh gim st mi trng xung quanh giai on XDCB
Loi
mu
V tr
- Khu dn c t 1
v t 18 phng
Thnh n.
Kh
S lng
(ln/TGXD)
(mu)
01
- Trn tuyn ng
vn chuyn ( cch
100m v pha bc)
- Ti sui La Hin
cch 100m trc
khi chy qua khu
vc d n
Nc
mt
Tn xut
01
-Ti sui La Hin

cch 100 m Sau khi
chy qua khu vc
d n
Ch tiu
Mc ch
- Bi, n, H2S, - nh gi mc nh
02 ln/nm NO2, SO2, vi kh hng ca kh thi khu
hu
vc d n n dn c
xung quanh.
Lu lng, pH, - Xem xt hin trng cht

BOD, COD, NO3- lng nc sui La hin
N, NO2-N, NH4-N
02 ln/nm ,
TSS,
N , P ,
- nh gi mc nh
coliform, du m.
hng ca nc thi khu
vc d n n khu dn
c xung quanh.
Tiu chun so snh
TCVN 5937:2005
TCVN 5938:2005
TCVN 5949:1998
QCVN 14 :
2008/BTNM
92
Bng 5.5 : Chng trnh gim st mi trng xung quanh giai on hot ng
Loi
mu
V tr
S
lng
Tn xut
Ch tiu
Mc ch
(ln/nm)
Tiu chun so
snh
(mu)
- Ti KDC t 1 v t 18
phng Thnh n
Kh
- Trn tuyn ng vn
chuyn ( cch 100m v
pha bc)
01
01
02
02
- Bi, n, NH3, H2S, - nh gi mc nh hng

NO2, SO2, vi kh hu
ca khng kh khu vc bn
n dn c xung quanh v
- Bi, n, NH3, H2S,
trng hc.
NO2, SO2, vi kh hu
TCVN
5937:2005
TCVN
5938:2005
TCVN 5949:1998
Nc
mt
- Ti sui La Hin cch

100m trc khi chy
qua khu vc d n
- Ti sui La Hin cch

100m sau khi chy qua
khu vc d n
- Ti ging nh ng
Nc Nguyn Vn Cng, t
ngm 1, phng Thnh n,
tp Thi Nguyn, cch
01
02
01
02
01
02
- pH, dn, BOD,

COD, NO3-N, NO2N, NH4-N ,TSS, tng
N v P, coliform, du
m.
- Xem xt hin trng cht

lng nc mt
QCVN 14 :
2008/BTNMT
- nh gi mc nh hng
ca nc thi bn xe n khu
vc xung quanh.
- pH, SO42-, NO3-N,
NO2-N, NH4-N,
PO43--P, Coliform
- Theo di hin trng, gim

st v nh gi mc nh
hng hot ng ca d n
QCVN 09 :
2008/BTNM
93
d n 100m v hng
Bc
- Ti ging nh b Bi
Th Hoi, t 18, phng
Thnh n, tp Thi
Nguyn, cch d n
100m v hng Nam
- Ti khu trung tm ca
d n.
t
n cht lng nc ngm
01
02
01
02
01
02
- Ti khu vc cch d
n 50m v pha Nam
- pH, Mn, Tng P,

Tng N, Fe, Zn, Pb
- Theo di hin trng v nh

gi mc nh hng hot
ng ca d n n cht
lng mi trng t.
QCVN 03 :
2008/BTNM
Ghi ch: Cc tiu chun, quy chun k thut c xut so snh ch mang tnh cht tham kho. Trong qu trnh hot ng
ca d n, c quan qun l - gim st mi trng hon ton c th p dng cc tiu chun, quy chun khc cho ph hp vi iu
kin thc t.
94

Nguyn giai on XDCB
95

Nguyn giai on i vo hot ng
96

Vit Thi Nguyn
Ghi ch:
V tr ly mu khng kh
V tr ly mu nc mt
V tr ly mu nc ngm
V tr ly mu t
5.2.2 Theo di tnh hnh sc kho ca ngi dn quanh khu vc
Hng nm, doanh nghip lp k hoch theo di tnh hnh sc kho ca ngi
dn khu vc bn, phi hp vi Trm y t Phng Thnh n thu thp s liu v sc
kho, bnh tt ca ngi dn trong sut thi gian hot ng ca d n. T c cc
bin php bo v mi trng hp l ng thi h tr ngi dn v kinh ph trong cng
tc khm cha bnh.
97

Vit Thi Nguyn
CHNG 6:THAM VN KIN CNG NG

Thc hin nghim tc Thng t s 05/TT-BTNMT ngy 08/12/2008 hng dn
v nh gi tc ng mi trng chin lc, nh gi tc ng mi trng v cam kt
bo v mi trng. Cng ty c phn Long Vit gi cng vn s ........... ngy .....
thng ..... nm .......... ti UBND v UBMT T Quc Phng Thnh n tnh Thi
Nguyn vi cc ni dung sau:
1. Thng bo v nhng ni dung c bn ca d n bao gm: a im, quy m ,
cng sut, thi gian thc hin d n...;
2. Thng bo nhng tc ng xu v mi trng ca d n;
3. Thng bo nhng bin php gim thiu tc ng xu v mi trng s p
dng.
6.1. KIN CA U BAN NHN DN PHNG THNH N
Nhn c cng vn ca Cng ty c phn Long Vit , UBND Phng Thnh n
gi cng vn s ..../UBND ngy .... thng ..... nm ........ tr li v a ra kin
nh sau:
hi
UBND Phng Thnh n hon ton ng vi cc ni dung tng ng c
trnh by trong bng thng bo nu trn ca Ch d n.
n mi trng t nhin - x hi
UBND Phng Thnh n hon ton ng vi cc ni dung tng ng c
trnh by trong bng thng bo nu trn ca Ch d n.
6.1.3. Kin ngh
Quan im ca a phng l to mi iu kin cho D n Xy dng bn xe
khch Long Vit Thi Nguyn c th m bo nhu cu i li ca nhn dn trong
v ngoi Tnh.
Trong qu trnh thc hin d n v trong giai on bn xe i vo hot ng s
khng th trnh khi cc nh hng xu ti mi trng. Do vy UBND Phng Thnh
n ngh Doanh nghip thc hin cng tc nh gi tc ng mi trng v cc
bin php x l khc phc gim thiu n mc thp nht nh hng n iu kin
sng ca ngi dn.
98

Vit Thi Nguyn
6.2. KIN CA U BAN MT TRN T QUC PHNG THNH

N UBMTTQ
Phng Thnh n gi cng vn s 01 CV/MT ngy 08 thng 4 nm 2009
thng bo v kin i vi D n xy dng bn xe khch Long Vit Thi Nguyn
nh sau:
hi
UBMTTQ Phng Thnh n hon ton ng vi cc ni dung tng ng
c trnh by trong bng thng bo nu trn ca Ch d n.
n mi trng t nhin - x hi
UB Mt trn T quc Phng Thnh n hon ton ng vi cc ni dung
tng ng c trnh by trong bng thng bo nu trn ca Ch d n.
6.2.3. Kin ngh
- UBMTTQ ngh ch d n cam kt thc hin ng cc bin php gim thiu
cc tc ng xu ti mi trng m d n gy ra.
- ngh Doanh nghip thc hin ng cc bin php bo v mi trng:
+ Thc hin nghim tc cc gii php bo v mi trng.
+ Cam kt thc hin cc yu cu ca php lut v cc yu cu khc lin quan n
mi trng ca bn xe cng nh ca khu vc xung quanh c ngi dn sinh sng.
+ Cam kt thc hin nghim tc cc tiu chun, quy chun Vit Nam v mi
trng v chu trch nhim trc cc quy nh ca php lut v lut bo v mi
trng.
- ngh Doanh nghip hon thnh Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng v gi
nhng thng tin v UBND Phng Thnh n trc khi thc hin thi cng xy dng
cc hng mc cng trnh.
6.3. KIN PHN HI V CAM KT CA CH D N TRC CC
KIN CA U BAN NHN DN V U BAN MT TRN T QUC
PHNG
Trc cc kin v ngh ca UBND v UB MTTQ Phng Thnh n v
thc hin cc bin php bo v mi trng trong qu trnh trin khai thc hin d n
dng bn xe khch Long Vit Thi Nguyn cam kt thc hin y cc bin php
bo v mi trng ra nhm hn ch n mc thp nht cc tc ng n mi
trng v sc khe ngi dn trong khu vc. Cam kt ny c th hin y trong
mc 3 phn kt lun.
99

Vit Thi Nguyn
KT LUN V KIN NGH

1. KT LUN
Vic u t xy dng bn xe khch Long Vit Thi Nguyn l vic lm cn thit,
v n gp phn y mnh qu trnh pht trin kinh t ca Tnh. y l mt cng trnh
cng cng c ngha ht sc to ln trong vic lu thng, vn chuyn hnh khch, c
th p ng c nhu cu i li ca nhn dn trong tnh Thi Nguyn v cc khu vc
ln cn.
Ngoi nhng ngha ln m bn xe khch Long Vit em li th hot ng ca
bn xe cng gy ra cc tc ng khng nh ti mi trng khu vc, c bit l nguy c
nhim ngun nc, nguy c bng pht dch bnh tc ng xu ti mi trng v sc
kho cng ng. Bo co ny nhn dng v nh gi mt cch chi tit cc tc ng,
phm vi tc ng ti mi trng, trn c s xut cc bin php x l mang tnh
cht kh thi cao, ph hp vi iu kin kinh t ng thi m bo hn ch ti a cc
nh hng xu ti mi trng, chng hn nh:
- Nc thi sinh hot c x l bi cc b t hoi ci tin c ngn lc dng chy
ngc, hiu qu x l cao v ph hp vi iu kin thc t;
- Nc ma chy trn c thu gom trong h thng mng rnh, nh hng
dng chy, lng cn s b trong cc h ga trc khi x ra mi trng.
- Rc thi pht sinh: Bao gm c rc thi sinh hot v dch v c thu gom,
ng k ch ngun thi v x l theo ng quy nh (Rc thi sinh hot c hp
ng em chn lp hp v sinh).
- Bi pht sinh trong qu trnh lu thng ca cc phng tin vn chuyn c
hn ch bng bin php phun nc ti ng, quy bt che chn
- C cc bin php phng nga, ng ph s c (chy n,bo l...) theo ng quy
nh hin hnh....
Tuy nhin, trong qu trnh bn xe hot ng khng th trnh khi hon ton vic
ny sinh cc vn mi trng nhng vi s quan tm ng mc ca ch u t cng
vi s hng dn v t vn ca cc c quan qun l chc chn cc vn ny s gii
quyt trit .
2. KIN NGH
ngh UBND tnh Thi Nguyn v cc c quan chc nng to iu kin trong
qu trnh thc hin d n.
Ch d n cng ngh cc c quan QLNN v BVMT tnh Thi Nguyn to iu
kin hng dn v gim st Ch u t thc hin cc bin php gim thiu nhim v
cng tc quan trc, gim st cht lng mi trng nh k theo ng cc ni dung
cam kt trong Bo co TM.
100

Vit Thi Nguyn
ngh hi ng thm nh xem xt v trnh UBND tnh ph duyt Bo co

nh gi tc ng mi trng lm c s cho cng tc qun l v bo v mi trng,
ng thi to iu kin d n c trin khai ng tin .
3. CAM KT
3.1. Cam kt thc hin chng trnh qun l v gim st mi trng
* Cam kt thc hin chng trnh qun l mi trng v gim st mi trng
nh nu trong chng 5.
* Cam kt p dng cc tiu chun, quy chun k thut mi trng theo quy nh,
cht thi phi m bo x l t tiu chun trc khi x ra mi trng. C th:
- Trng cy xanh xung quanh khu vc d n. Cng nh m bo cht lng
mi trng khng kh xung quanh khu vc bn xe t tiu chun TCVN 5937,
5938:2005; TCVN 5949:1998.
- Nc thi bn xe c x l qua h thng x l nc thi, nc sau x l t
tiu chun theo TCVN 6772:2000 ( mc I )v QCVN 14:2008 (mc B) trc khi thi
vo ngun tip nhn;
- Nc ma chy trn trong khu vc c dn qua h thng mng rnh v cc
h lng trc khi thi ra mi trng;
- m bo rc thi phi c phn loi trc khi em i x l;
- K hp ng vi n v chuyn trch vn chuyn ton b lng cht thi rn
sinh hot ca bn xe c thu gom em i chn lp hp v sinh ;
- Thc hin nghim tc cng tc an ton giao thng, phng chng chy n, chng
st v cc s c khc.
3.2. Cam kt vi cng ng
Thc hin cc cam kt vi cng ng nh nu ti mc 6.3 Chng 6 ca bo
co ny.
3.3. Cam kt tun th cc quy nh chung v bo v mi trng c lin
quan n cc giai on ca d n
- Cam kt cc gii php v bin php bo v mi trng s c thc hin v
hon thnh trong cc giai on chun b v xy dng n thi im trc khi d n i
vo hot ng chnh thc.
- Cam kt cc gii php v bin php bo v mi trng s c thc hin t khi
d n i vo hot ng chnh thc n khi kt thc d n.
- Cam kt thc hin cc chng trnh Qun l v gim st mi trng nh k.
- Cam kt n b v khc phc nhim mi trng trong trng hp cc s c
101

Vit Thi Nguyn
v ri ro mi trng xy ra do trin khai d n.
Thi Nguyn, ngy
thng
nm 2009
I DIN D N
102

DTM Ben Xe Khach TN Sua111

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Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n: u t xy dng bn xe khch lin tnh Long

Vit Thi Nguyn

2.1. IU KIN T NHIN V MI TRNG.........................................25

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n: u t xy dng bn xe khch lin tnh Long

3.1.4.1. H sinh vt v con ngi xung quanh khu vc d n................61

4.1 GIAI ON SAN LP MT BNG V THI CNG XY DNG D

5.1. Chng trnh qun l mi trng.............................................................86

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n: u t xy dng bn xe khch lin tnh Long

5.1.2. M hnh t chc, c cu nhn s cho cng tc qun l mi trng..89

6.1. KIN CA U BAN NHN DN PHNG THNH N............98

n v thc hin: Cng ty c phn Long Vit

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n: u t xy dng bn xe khch lin tnh Long

DANH MC CC BNG TRONG TM

n v thc hin: Cng ty c phn Long Vit

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n: u t xy dng bn xe khch lin tnh Long

DANG MC CC HNH TRONG TM

n v thc hin: Cng ty c phn Long Vit

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n: u t xy dng bn xe khch lin tnh Long

Sn xut kinh doanh

Tiu chun Vit Nam

Quy chun Vit Nam

Nhu cu oxy sinh hc

n v thc hin: Cng ty c phn Long Vit

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n: u t xy dng bn xe khch lin tnh Long

n v thc hin: Cng ty c phn Long Vit

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n: u t xy dng bn xe khch lin tnh Long

cho d n: u t xy dng bn xe khch lin tnh Long Vit Thi Nguyn

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n: u t xy dng bn xe khch lin tnh Long

- Thng t s 03/2009/TT- BXD ngy 26/3/2009 ca B Xy dng quy nh

n v thc hin: Cng ty c phn Long Vit

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n: u t xy dng bn xe khch lin tnh Long

- QCVN 14:2008/BTMT - Quy chun k thut Quc gia v nc thi sinh

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n: u t xy dng bn xe khch lin tnh Long

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n: u t xy dng bn xe khch lin tnh Long

, phm vi nhim mi trng khng kh v mi trng nc do cc hot ng ca

- Cung cp s liu, ti liu lin quan n vic xy dng v hot ng ca d n.

- Lp on nghin cu TM, thu thp s liu v iu kin a l t nhin, kinh t x

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n: u t xy dng bn xe khch lin tnh Long

- Bo co trc hi ng thm nh.

Danh sch nhng ngi trc tip tham gia lp bo co TM

Ks Cng ngh mi trng

Nhn vin phng TM

Nhn vin phng TM

n v thc hin: Cng ty c phn Long Vit

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n: u t xy dng bn xe khch lin tnh Long

1.2.4. H tn, chc danh ca ngi ng u c quan ch d n:

Chc v: Ch tch Hi ng Qun tr

Chc v: Tng Gim c iu hnh

1.3. V TR THC HIN D N

n v thc hin: Cng ty c phn Long Vit

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n: u t xy dng bn xe khch lin tnh Long

Hnh 1.1. Bn v tr thc hin d n

n v thc hin: Cng ty c phn Long Vit

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n: u t xy dng bn xe khch lin tnh Long

n v thc hin: Cng ty c phn Long Vit

Hng mc cng trnh

Quy Sch Bo, gii kht

Cng tin- gii kht

Phng hnh chnh

Din tch giao thng, ph tr

n v thc hin: Cng ty c phn Long Vit

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n: u t xy dng bn xe khch lin tnh Long

c- Nh xe my khch+ nhn vin (khung thp mi lp tn):