My chin chn khng mt, ht iu, khoai ty... 1.

GII THIU: T mt s nguyn liu ti chng ta c th ch bin mt s cc sn phm thc phm n nhanh nh, bnh Snack, mt chin, khoai chin, chui chin,. Tuy nhin vi cng ngh chin thng thng nh hin nay th cht lng sn phm s gim tnh cht mi, v, mu so vi tnh cht ban u ca nguyn liu. khc phc nhc im trn, cn phi s dng thit b chin vi cng ngh mi gi l chin chn khng. 2. THNG S K THUT Nng sut: 500kg/ng. Ni chin: 620x1200, inox, hai lp v. Kch thc lp t: 1000x1500x2000 (mm). Bm chn khng: 5HP, 3, 380V. B ngun thu lc: 3/4HP,3, 380V. Nhit lm vic: 50-150C. p chn khng: 0.8-0.9 atm. Ngun cp nhit: Hi nc 50-100kghi/h. Np v tho liu bng tay. 3. C TNH K THUT Thit b c ch to bng Inox, hp v sinh thc phm. Thit b chin loi b c nc trong nguyn liu (nng sn) th. Do qu trnh lm vic nhit <100C v p sut chn khng nn sn phm sau khi chin s gi c mu, mi, v nguyn thu nh lc ban u. H thng kim sot v cp hi hon ton t ng, kim sot v iu khin theo nhit ci t cho tng loi sn phm. 4. NG DNG CH BIN THC PHM CC LOI SNACK. CHIN CC LOI KHOAI LANG, KHOAI TY, MT, CHUI... CHIN MT S LOI RAU QU KHC. CH BIN THU SN.

My chin chn khng mt, ht iu, khoai ty, thc phm, thy sn

My chin chn khng mt, chin chui, chin ht iu, chin khoai ty, khoai lang, c rt, chin thy sn.... T mt s nguyn liu ti chng ta c th ch bin mt s cc sn phm thc phm n nhanh nh, bnh Snack, mt chin, khoai chin, chui chin,. Tuy nhin vi cng ngh chin thng thng nh hin nay th cht lng sn phm s gim tnh cht mi, v, mu so vi tnh cht ban u ca nguyn liu. khc phc nhc im trn, cn phi s dng thit b chin vi cng ngh mi gi l chin chn khng. Thng s k thut: Nng sut: 20 kg/m 25kg.m v 35 kg/m , 50kg/m, 90kg/m (mt m t 5- 60 pht ty theo nguyn liu u vo) 1.NI CHIN CHN KHNG - thit b thng chin D767 x 1000 (Inox 3 mm) - Cylinder nng , h lng chin: D40 x L400 (Inox) - H thng gii nhit ngng t: (Inox) - Thng cha lc du chin 100 lt: D500 x 600 (Inox ) - Thng cha nc ngng: (Inox) - Bm chn khng 05 HP: (Nht 85%) - Thp gii nhit nc: (Inox) - Thng cha nc tun hon: (Inox) - Bm nc tun hon gii nhit: 1HP - TQ - (Gang) - Bao l t gia nhit chin : (Thp ) - Lp cch nhit dy 50: (Bng T.tinh) - Bp gas cng nhip: (i Loan) - Gi dng sn phm chin - 03 mi: D700 x 350 - (Inox) 2. MY LY TM DU - Khung dn chn my: (Thp) - Thng ly tm D 767 x 350: (Inox) - Thng bao ngoi my D850 x 500: (Inox) - Mot quay 400 V/p 1 HP: (Nht 85%) 3. c tnh k thut: thit b c ch to bng Inox, hp v sinh thc phm. thit b chin loi b c nc trong nguyn liu (nng sn) th. Do qu trnh lm vic nhit <100C v p sut chn khng nn sn phm sau khi chin s gi c mu, mi, v nguyn thu nh lc ban u. H thng kim sot v cp hi hon ton t ng, kim sot v iu khin theo nhit ci t cho tng loi sn phm.

II. RN (CHIN) NGUYN LIU

1. Khi qut
- Rn l cho nguyn liu vo trong du nhit cao. Du dng rn nguyn liu c th l du lc, du bng, du hng dng, du u nnh, du c, du olive... i vi tht, c th dng m ng vt rn. - Trong sn xut hp, rn c dng khi ch bin rau rn lm gia v, ch bin cc loi hp c, tht sauce (st) c chua...

2. Mc ch

Rn nguyn liu trong sn xut hp nhm cc mc ch: - Tng gi tr cm quan ca sn phm. - Tng gi tr dinh dng ca sn phm.
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- Tiu dit h thng men v vi sinh vt.

3. Qu trnh rn

3.1. Yu cu v tnh cht ca du m dng rn C th dng du hoc m, nn dng du tinh ch. Du rn phi t cc yu cu sau: - Mi v: khng i, kht, c mi c trng. - Mu sc: trong, sng, khng lng cn. - Lng m v cc cht bay hi khng qu 0.3 %. - Ch s acid ca du < 0.2. 3.2. Phng php rn *Giai on rn: Phi tin hnh rn ng ch : - i vi rau, nhit rn : 120 - 1600C. - i vi tht c, nhit rn: 140 - 1800C. Thi gian rn 5 - 20 pht, thay i ty theo loi nguyn liu, nhit l rn v lng nguyn liu a vo rn. Nguyn liu cho vo rn phi ng u v phi ngp hn trong du. Lp nguyn liu phi thp hn mt thong ca du t 5 - 10 cm. Trong qu trnh rn, phi kim tra cht lng ca du. Khi ch s acid ca du ln hn 4 th phi thay du, nhng nu cha c mi i kht, mu cha ti thm th cho php tip tc rn, nhng khng cho php ch s acid vt qu 5. *Giai on lm ngui: Nguyn liu sau khi rn c lm ngui ngay n nhit 35 - 400C, c th lm ngui bng cc phng php sau: - Phng php n gin nht l dng qut gi, khng kh lu thng lm ngui nguyn liu. Vi phng php ny, dy chuyn sn xut c th b gin on v vi sinh vt trong khng kh li xm nhp vo sn phm. - Lm ngui nguyn liu rn trong thit b chn khng, vi p sut t 700 710mmHg. Nguyn liu c lm ngui nhanh ti 35 - 400C ch trong vi pht. Vi phng php ny m bo dy chuyn sn xut lin tc, khng s nhim vi sinh vt vo sn phm. - Ngoi ra cn lm ngui nguyn liu bng cch nhng vo du ngui. Phng php ny rt ngn c thi gian rt nhiu, v h s truyn nhit t sn phm n du ln gp 40 - 50 ln h s truyn nhit t sn phm n khng kh. Phng php ny c nhc im l hm lng cht bo trong nguyn liu sau khi lm ngui cao, ch thch hp cho sn phm c ngm du.

4. rn

Ngi ta xc nh cht lng rn v thi im ngng rn bng hnh thc bn ngoi, mi v sn phm v bng rn. Trong nh gi rn, ngi ta nh gi bng 2 rn: rn biu kin v rn thc t.
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- rn biu kin: Ch t l nguyn liu gim i sau khi rn, so vi nguyn liu trc khi rn. c xc nh theo cng thc:
X= A B 100 A

(%) Vi A : Trng lng nguyn liu trc khi rn (kg). B : Trng lng nguyn liu sau khi rn (kg). rn biu kin c dng kim tra hay tnh ton cc ch tiu, nh mc kinh t k thut v tnh nng sut thit b.
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- rn thc t: Ch lng nc bay hi trong nguyn liu sau khi rn. rn thc t bng tng rn biu kin vi lng du thm vo nguyn liu.
A BB.m 100 + AA X1 = (%)

Vi m : T l du ht vo sn phm (%) rn thc t ch c s dng trong cc qu trnh tnh nhit. rn biu kin lun thp hn rn thc t, v trong khi rn mt phn nc bc hi nhng nguyn liu li ht mt phn du rn vo. rn biu kin lun thp hn rn thc t, v trong khi rn th mt phn nc bc hi nhng nguyn liu li ht mt phn du rn vo. Lng du thm vo sn phm trung bnh7 13% rn biu kin trung bnh30 53% rn thc t trung bnh41 64%

5. Nhng bin i trong qu trnh rn

5.1. Bin i ca nguyn liu - Protid trong nguyn liu b bin tnh. Rau cha t protid nn khi ng, protid chuyn thnh dng ht ri, ri phn hy thnh dng bng. S bin i ca protid bt u nhit 30 35oC, v tc tng dn theo nhit , nhit 60 65oC th protid b bin tnh. Cc protid mt tnh tan, cc phn t protid cha S b ct t, gii phng H2S. - Glucid b bin i, ng v tinh bt lp b mt b caramel ha. Protopectin b thy phn thnh pectin ha tan, lm rau rn tr nn mm. - Chlorophyl chuyn thnh pheophytin, caroten t b phn hy, nhng li tan nhiu trong du nng lm cho du c mu da cam. Cc cht hu c ha tan v cc vitamin ha tan trong cht bo u chuyn vo du. Vitamin B1, B2 tn tht t. Vitamin C b ph hy 7 18%. Cc ester v cc cht thm bay hi cng b tn tht khi rn. - Nc thot ra lm tng nng cht kh. 5.2. Bin i ca du Trong qu trnh rn, do tc dng ca nhit cao v thi gian di, do tc dng ca nc thot ra t nguyn liu v do d ha ln cc cht glucid, protid, lipid, to thnh nh tng, do tip xc vi khng kh trn mt thong v vi mt truyn nhit, nn du b bin tnh - Khi rn nht ca du tng do cc cht dinh dng trong nguyn liu dch chuyn vo du, du b xm mu . - nhit cao, du tip xc vi hi nc v oxy nn b thy phn v oxy ha thnh acid bo, glyceril, ri thnh cc cht peroxide, aldehide, cetone (c mi i kht) v acrolein (l cht lng, c, khi rn bc thnh khi xanh thot ra trn mt thong ca du lm cay mt) theo s sau:
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Cht bo (du, m)

Nhit,
Glyceril Nhit + acid bo O ha

Acrolein
(Gy c)

Aldehide, cetone

(i du) Hnh 2.2. Bin i ca du trong qu trnh rn

Hin nay, bin php ch yu chng hin tng h hng du trong khi rn l duy tr du rn trong l rn vi thi gian ngn nht. Ngi ta cn chng oxy ha du bng cch cho cht chng oxy ha vo du rn.
Bng 2.2. Cht chng oxy ha cho php s dng TN GI E 300 E 301 E 302 E 303 E 304 E 306 E 307 E 308 E 309 E 310 E 311 E 312 E 320 E 321 TN CHT CHNG OXY HA Acid L-ascorbic L-ascorbat Na L-ascorbat Ca Acid diacetyl 5,6-L-ascorbic Acid palmityl 6-L-ascorbic Cht chit t nhin giu tocopherol Alpha-tocopherol (tng hp) Gamma-tocopherol (tng hp) Delta-tocopherol (tng hp) Propyl Gallate Octyl Gallate Dodcyl Gallate Butylhydroxyanisole (BHA) Butylhydroxytoluen (BHT) Khng gii hn Liu lng c th chp nhn (mg/kg th trng/ngy) Khng gii hn 0 0,5 0 0,5 0 0,5

(T chc CEE - Communaut conomique Europenne - 1990) C ch chng oxy ha cht bo

ROOO ROO RO OHO + + + + AH AH AH

AH ROOH ROH RH H2 O + + + + AO AO AO AO 24

6. Gii thiu thit b rn

Thng thng thit b rn ch l 1 thng cha du, c un nng bng t chy nhin liu. Ngy nay, ngi ta thit k c thit b rn chn khng, hn ch s oxy ha du, v t gy bin i nguyn liu rn. Hnh 2.3. Thit b rn chn khng